CA2094802A1 - Process for the production of diaryls - Google Patents
Process for the production of diarylsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2094802A1 CA2094802A1 CA002094802A CA2094802A CA2094802A1 CA 2094802 A1 CA2094802 A1 CA 2094802A1 CA 002094802 A CA002094802 A CA 002094802A CA 2094802 A CA2094802 A CA 2094802A CA 2094802 A1 CA2094802 A1 CA 2094802A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polyether
- alkyl
- radical
- weight
- reducing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000005347 biaryls Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical group FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 formalde-hyde, formates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- AITNMTXHTIIIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 AITNMTXHTIIIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 8
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- RJPNVPITBYXBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(F)=CC=C1Br RJPNVPITBYXBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RJCGZNCCVKIBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RJCGZNCCVKIBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PZDAAZQDQJGXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PZDAAZQDQJGXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Br QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- YVVLIAAZZRGTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,4-difluorobenzene Chemical group FC1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F YVVLIAAZZRGTRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGHBDQZXPCTTIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2,4-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(Br)C(F)=C1 MGHBDQZXPCTTIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBSQPLPBRSHTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Cl IBSQPLPBRSHTTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJJTUXLFUUAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-2-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-1-methylbenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C FFJJTUXLFUUAJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007045 Balz-Schiemann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003747 Grignard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000447 dimerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006561 solvent free reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B37/00—Reactions without formation or introduction of functional groups containing hetero atoms, involving either the formation of a carbon-to-carbon bond between two carbon atoms not directly linked already or the disconnection of two directly linked carbon atoms
- C07B37/04—Substitution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/263—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions
- C07C17/269—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions of only halogenated hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Process for the preparation of biaryls Process for the preparation of biaryls of the formula (1) R1m - Ar - Ar - R1m (1) wherein Ar is a phenylene or naphthylene radical, R1 is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or an unbranched or branched alkyl(C1-C6)-, alkyl(C1-C6)-O-, alkyl(C1-C6)-CO- or alkyl(C1-C6)-SO2H radical and m is the number of still unsubstituted =C- positions on the Ar radical, in which a compound of the formula (2) R1m - Ar - X (2) wherein Ar, R1 and m have the meanings cited above and X
is a chlorine or bromine atom, is dehalogenated and dimerized in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water at temperatures of about 50 to about 120°C.
is a chlorine or bromine atom, is dehalogenated and dimerized in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water at temperatures of about 50 to about 120°C.
Description
2~8~
W092~07809 PCT/EP91/01968 Description Process for the preparation of biaryls The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of biaryls by dehalogenation and dimeriz-ation of aryl halides in the presence of a palladiumcatalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water.
Biaryls have great importance as building blocks for synthesis of pharmaceutical products, but are also required in the ~ields of plant protection and liquid crystal technology, where fluorinated biaryls are par-ticularly important. The targeted introduction o~ a fluorine substituent into a biaryl structure is in many cases only possible by a laborious and thus expensive Balz-Schiemann reaction. The limits of this reaction lie on the one hand in the availability of the starting com-pounds and on the other in the high toxicity of some of them (e.g. benzidine), both being arguments that greatly restrict its potential for synthesis.
For the synthesis of the desired biaryls by synthetic reactions from already fluorinated compounds a number of coupling reactions are available. These either require extensive technical effort (electroreductive coupling, Grignard reactions) or give the desired biaryls in only moderate yields (Ullmann coupling) or with poor selectivity (Gomberg-Bachmann reaction).
A further possibility for the preparation of biaryls is given by a dehalogenation-dimerization reaction in the presence of noble metal catalysts, a reducing agent and a hydrogen halide acceptor (M. Busch and W. Weber;
Journal f. pra~t. Chemie, 146, 1-55, 1936; F. R. Mayo and M.D. Hurwitz, J. Chem. Soc., 71, 776-779, 1949; P.
Bamfield and P. M. Quan, Synthesis 7, 537-538, 1978). The 2~9~8~2 problem with this type of reaction lies in the frequently unfavorable selectivity with which the desired biaryl is obtained. Thus as well as the desired biaryls the dehalo-genated starting compounds always occur, which thereby reduces, sometimes significantly, the yields. A further disadvantage lies in the rapid reduction in selectivity of the catalyst during repeated use, thereby setting firm limits on the technical application of this reaction (see e.g.: F.R. Mayo and M.D. Hurwitz, J. Chem. Soc., 71, 776-779, 1949).
This synthesis method was used with various reducing agents for the preparation of biaryls (EP 206 543), in particular for the synthesis of 3,3',4,4'-diphenyltetra-carboxylic acid (US 4 727 185, EP 318 634). The hitherto known reactions of this type give at most only moderate yields of the desired biaryls.
It has now surprisingly been found that biaryls of the formula (1) R m ~ Ar--Ar--Rlm (1) in which Ar is a phenylene or naphthylene radical, Rl is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or an unbranched or branched alkyl(Cl-C6)-, alkyl(Cl-C6)-O-, alkyl(Cl-C6)-CO- or alkyl(C1-C6)-SO2-H radical and m is the number of still unsubstituted =C- positions on the Ar radical, can be prepared advantageously in good yields and with high selectivity, by dehalogenating and dimerizing a compound of the formula (2) R1m - Ar - X
in which Ar, R1 and m have the meanings cited above and X
is a chlorine or bromine atom, in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or poly-ether mixt~ure and of water at temperatures from about 2 0 ~q ~
50 to about 120C, preferably from about 70 to about 1~ 0C.
In particular it was found that the dehalogenating dimerization in the presence of a polyether or polyether mixture has a decisive influence on the selectivity of the coupling reaction with the consequence of a signifi-cant increase in yield.
Possible examples of polyether or polyether mixtures are those of the formula (3) R3 - (O - CH2 - CH2 - )p oR4 (3) in which R3 and R4 are the same or different linear or branched alkyl(Cl-C6)- radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, i-propyl or i-butyl groups, and p is a number from 1 to about 20.
The polyether or polyether mixture is used in amounts from about 0.1 to about 500 ~ by weight, preferably from about 1 to about 100 % by weight, related to the aryl halide used.
Through the presence of polyethers or polyether mixtures in the dehalogenating dimerization, a marked increase in selectivity as well as an increase in catalyst activity can be established, with the consequence that in particu-lar during recycling of catalyst already used in the process according to the invention, scarcely any losses in selectivity can be established, which is in marked contrast to the solvent-free reaction variant.
The hydrogen halide acceptor can expediently be an inor-ganic compound of an alXali metal or alkaline earth metal, for example the hydroxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium or strontium or mixtures t;hereof. Preferably, sodium compounds, in 2 ~ 2 particular sodium hydroxide, are used. However, for example, sodium methylate can also be used as acceptor.
It is expedient to use the hydrogen halide acceptor in the form of an aqueous solution, containing abaut 50 to about 500 mol%, preferably about 100 to about 350 mol%, more preferably about 150 to about 200 mol%, per mole of aryl halide used. The concentration of the aqueous alXali metal or alkaline earth metal compound exerts a decisive influence on the selectivity of the coupling reaction, where it is expedient to use concentrations from about 5 to about 50 % by weight, preferably from about 15 to about 40 % by weight.
The palladium catalyst possible according to the inven-tion is used in the form of metallic palladium on a support material. Possible support materials are for example activated charcoal, potassium carbonate, barium carbonate, silicon, aluminum, titanium oxide or mag-nesium. Palladium on activated charcoal has proven to be the most favorable catalyst form.
The content of metallic palladium lies in the range from about 0.1 to about 20 % by weight, related to the support material; catalysts with about 1 to about 10 % by weight are preferred, preferably 5 % by weight.
It was established that the amount of catalyst used has a decisive influence on the selectivity of the reaction.
Excessive catalyst amounts lead to unwanted side reac-tions, whereas insufficient amounts of the palladium catalyst lead to premature termination of the reaction, or very long reaction times and an increased proportion of uncoupled reduced aromatic starting compounds must be reckoned with. In general the catalyst is used in amounts from about 0.001 to about 50 mmol, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 mmol of palladium, per mole of aryl halide used.
2~8~2 For repeated application, the catalyst can be used again untreated, or pretreated with alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol), polyethers, ethers, or water or steam.
The reducing agent in the present invention can be fGr example alcohols, formaldehyde, formates or hydrazine.
Individual examples for this are methanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, formalin, paraformaldehyde and sodium formate. Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol or glycerol are prefera~ly used. The reducing agent as a rule is used in an amount from about 0.1 to about 20 mol, preferably from about 0.1 to about 1 mol per mole of aryl halide used.
In general the reaction medium is a three phase system of organic and aqueous phase as well as the heterogeneous palladium catalyst, for which reason good stirring is of great importance.
With regard to the temperature ranges given previously for the process according to the invention, it can additionally be noted that at temperatures over 120C
working under pressure is required. When working below 50C the reaction becomes very slow; in addition it no longer runs to completion.
In the preferred temperature range the reac~ion times lie between 0.5 and 100 hours, depending on the aryl halide used, the catalyst concentration, the amount of base, the base concentration, the proportion of polyethers and the amount and type of reducing agent used. The reaction initially proceeds very rapidly, so that even after 2 hours conversions of 50 to 70 mol% are achieved. In order to reach conversions over 9S mol%, long reaction times may be required, so that early termination of the reac-tion (80-95 mol% conversion) is convenient.
The reaction of the present invention can be carried out under a protective gas, for example argon or nitrogen. It 2~$~
is preferred to work in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
~he aryl halide used can be liquid or solid. At the reaction temperature, however, it should be completely liquid or completely in solution.
In principle different aryl halides can be simultaneously used for the reaction according to the invention. Biaryl mixtures are thereby formed, which can however be diffi-cult to separate. The process according to the invention can also be applied to other isocyclic chlorinated or brominated aromatic compounds as well as to heterocyclic chlorinated or brominated aromatic compounds.
The process described here for the preparation of biaryls leads to markedly higher selectivities and yields than is the case with comparable known reactions. Thus, for example, in Synthesis 7, 537-538, 1978 (P. Bamfield and P. M. Quan), the dimerization of 2-bromotoluene is described, which furnishes 2,2~-bitoly' in yields of only 33~. EP 206 543 describes the analogous reaction with 2-chlorotoluene and with 2-bromotoluene with yields of 60 and 55 mol%. The comparable dimerization reaction of 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene according to the process described here furnishes markedly better yields. The analogous is also true for the dimerization of chloro-benzene and bromobenzene, the yields of which of ~8% and30-65% (Synthesis 7) are markedly surpassed by the process described here and the corresponding fluorinated starting compounds.
The following examples serve to illustrate more closely the process according to the invention, without restricting it thereto.
Example 1 In a 1 liter three necX flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser are placed 457.1 g of ~ ~ t~
35% sodium hydroxide solution, 350.0 g of 4-bromofluoro-benzene (BrFB), 175.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 20.0 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500 and 5.8 g of Pd/C (5~, 50% moisture). The reaction S suspension is heated to 100C and during the course of 2 hours 62.1 g of ethylene glycol are added. For a further 16 hours the reaction suspension remains at this temperature. The catalyst is then removed and the organic phase fractionally distilled. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Melting range: 89.1-91.0C
Solidification point: 88.9C
Example 2 Starting set-up and reaction course analogous to Example 1, with the recycled catalyst from Example 1. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 3 Starting set-up and reaction course analogous to Example 1, with the recycled catalyst from Example 2. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4~-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 4 In a 1 liter three neck flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser are placed 160.0 g of sodium hydroxide pellets dis~olved in 800.0 g of HzO
together with 260 g of 4-chlorofluorobenzene (ClFB), 90.O g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 20.0 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500 and 8.0 g of Pd/C
(5~, 50% moisture) in the reaction vessel. The reaction suspension is heated to 100C and during the course of 4 hours 84.8 g of 87% glycerol are added. For a further 16 hours the reaction suspension remains at this tempera-ture. The catalyst is then removed and the organic phase fractionally distilled. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 5 'rest carried out analogously to Example 1 with the following reaction components: 114 g of 35% sodium hydroxide solution, 94.5 g of 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene (BrFT), 40.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 5 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500, 2.5 g of Pd/C
(5%, 50% moisture) and 21.5 g of 87% glycerol. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluoro-2,2'-bitolyl see Table 1 which follows.
Solidification point: 22.4C
Example 6 Test carried out analogously to Example 1 with the following reaction components: 114 g of 35% sodium hydroxide solution, 96.5 g of 2,4-difluorobromobenzene (DFBrB), 40.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 5 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500, 2.0 g of Pd/C
(5%, 50% moisture) and 21.5 g of 8~% glycerol. The catalyst is removed, the organic phase is freed from solvent and the crude product obtained is recrystallized from chlorobenzene. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 2,2',4,4'-tetra-fluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Melting range: 141.5-145.5C
Solidification point: 138.1C
Comparison example 1 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example 1 without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
2 ~ 2 _ 9 Comparison example 2 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example ?~ without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which followsO
Comparison example 3 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example
W092~07809 PCT/EP91/01968 Description Process for the preparation of biaryls The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of biaryls by dehalogenation and dimeriz-ation of aryl halides in the presence of a palladiumcatalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water.
Biaryls have great importance as building blocks for synthesis of pharmaceutical products, but are also required in the ~ields of plant protection and liquid crystal technology, where fluorinated biaryls are par-ticularly important. The targeted introduction o~ a fluorine substituent into a biaryl structure is in many cases only possible by a laborious and thus expensive Balz-Schiemann reaction. The limits of this reaction lie on the one hand in the availability of the starting com-pounds and on the other in the high toxicity of some of them (e.g. benzidine), both being arguments that greatly restrict its potential for synthesis.
For the synthesis of the desired biaryls by synthetic reactions from already fluorinated compounds a number of coupling reactions are available. These either require extensive technical effort (electroreductive coupling, Grignard reactions) or give the desired biaryls in only moderate yields (Ullmann coupling) or with poor selectivity (Gomberg-Bachmann reaction).
A further possibility for the preparation of biaryls is given by a dehalogenation-dimerization reaction in the presence of noble metal catalysts, a reducing agent and a hydrogen halide acceptor (M. Busch and W. Weber;
Journal f. pra~t. Chemie, 146, 1-55, 1936; F. R. Mayo and M.D. Hurwitz, J. Chem. Soc., 71, 776-779, 1949; P.
Bamfield and P. M. Quan, Synthesis 7, 537-538, 1978). The 2~9~8~2 problem with this type of reaction lies in the frequently unfavorable selectivity with which the desired biaryl is obtained. Thus as well as the desired biaryls the dehalo-genated starting compounds always occur, which thereby reduces, sometimes significantly, the yields. A further disadvantage lies in the rapid reduction in selectivity of the catalyst during repeated use, thereby setting firm limits on the technical application of this reaction (see e.g.: F.R. Mayo and M.D. Hurwitz, J. Chem. Soc., 71, 776-779, 1949).
This synthesis method was used with various reducing agents for the preparation of biaryls (EP 206 543), in particular for the synthesis of 3,3',4,4'-diphenyltetra-carboxylic acid (US 4 727 185, EP 318 634). The hitherto known reactions of this type give at most only moderate yields of the desired biaryls.
It has now surprisingly been found that biaryls of the formula (1) R m ~ Ar--Ar--Rlm (1) in which Ar is a phenylene or naphthylene radical, Rl is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or an unbranched or branched alkyl(Cl-C6)-, alkyl(Cl-C6)-O-, alkyl(Cl-C6)-CO- or alkyl(C1-C6)-SO2-H radical and m is the number of still unsubstituted =C- positions on the Ar radical, can be prepared advantageously in good yields and with high selectivity, by dehalogenating and dimerizing a compound of the formula (2) R1m - Ar - X
in which Ar, R1 and m have the meanings cited above and X
is a chlorine or bromine atom, in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or poly-ether mixt~ure and of water at temperatures from about 2 0 ~q ~
50 to about 120C, preferably from about 70 to about 1~ 0C.
In particular it was found that the dehalogenating dimerization in the presence of a polyether or polyether mixture has a decisive influence on the selectivity of the coupling reaction with the consequence of a signifi-cant increase in yield.
Possible examples of polyether or polyether mixtures are those of the formula (3) R3 - (O - CH2 - CH2 - )p oR4 (3) in which R3 and R4 are the same or different linear or branched alkyl(Cl-C6)- radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, i-propyl or i-butyl groups, and p is a number from 1 to about 20.
The polyether or polyether mixture is used in amounts from about 0.1 to about 500 ~ by weight, preferably from about 1 to about 100 % by weight, related to the aryl halide used.
Through the presence of polyethers or polyether mixtures in the dehalogenating dimerization, a marked increase in selectivity as well as an increase in catalyst activity can be established, with the consequence that in particu-lar during recycling of catalyst already used in the process according to the invention, scarcely any losses in selectivity can be established, which is in marked contrast to the solvent-free reaction variant.
The hydrogen halide acceptor can expediently be an inor-ganic compound of an alXali metal or alkaline earth metal, for example the hydroxide, carbonate or hydrogen carbonate of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, barium or strontium or mixtures t;hereof. Preferably, sodium compounds, in 2 ~ 2 particular sodium hydroxide, are used. However, for example, sodium methylate can also be used as acceptor.
It is expedient to use the hydrogen halide acceptor in the form of an aqueous solution, containing abaut 50 to about 500 mol%, preferably about 100 to about 350 mol%, more preferably about 150 to about 200 mol%, per mole of aryl halide used. The concentration of the aqueous alXali metal or alkaline earth metal compound exerts a decisive influence on the selectivity of the coupling reaction, where it is expedient to use concentrations from about 5 to about 50 % by weight, preferably from about 15 to about 40 % by weight.
The palladium catalyst possible according to the inven-tion is used in the form of metallic palladium on a support material. Possible support materials are for example activated charcoal, potassium carbonate, barium carbonate, silicon, aluminum, titanium oxide or mag-nesium. Palladium on activated charcoal has proven to be the most favorable catalyst form.
The content of metallic palladium lies in the range from about 0.1 to about 20 % by weight, related to the support material; catalysts with about 1 to about 10 % by weight are preferred, preferably 5 % by weight.
It was established that the amount of catalyst used has a decisive influence on the selectivity of the reaction.
Excessive catalyst amounts lead to unwanted side reac-tions, whereas insufficient amounts of the palladium catalyst lead to premature termination of the reaction, or very long reaction times and an increased proportion of uncoupled reduced aromatic starting compounds must be reckoned with. In general the catalyst is used in amounts from about 0.001 to about 50 mmol, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2 mmol of palladium, per mole of aryl halide used.
2~8~2 For repeated application, the catalyst can be used again untreated, or pretreated with alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol), polyethers, ethers, or water or steam.
The reducing agent in the present invention can be fGr example alcohols, formaldehyde, formates or hydrazine.
Individual examples for this are methanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, formalin, paraformaldehyde and sodium formate. Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol or glycerol are prefera~ly used. The reducing agent as a rule is used in an amount from about 0.1 to about 20 mol, preferably from about 0.1 to about 1 mol per mole of aryl halide used.
In general the reaction medium is a three phase system of organic and aqueous phase as well as the heterogeneous palladium catalyst, for which reason good stirring is of great importance.
With regard to the temperature ranges given previously for the process according to the invention, it can additionally be noted that at temperatures over 120C
working under pressure is required. When working below 50C the reaction becomes very slow; in addition it no longer runs to completion.
In the preferred temperature range the reac~ion times lie between 0.5 and 100 hours, depending on the aryl halide used, the catalyst concentration, the amount of base, the base concentration, the proportion of polyethers and the amount and type of reducing agent used. The reaction initially proceeds very rapidly, so that even after 2 hours conversions of 50 to 70 mol% are achieved. In order to reach conversions over 9S mol%, long reaction times may be required, so that early termination of the reac-tion (80-95 mol% conversion) is convenient.
The reaction of the present invention can be carried out under a protective gas, for example argon or nitrogen. It 2~$~
is preferred to work in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
~he aryl halide used can be liquid or solid. At the reaction temperature, however, it should be completely liquid or completely in solution.
In principle different aryl halides can be simultaneously used for the reaction according to the invention. Biaryl mixtures are thereby formed, which can however be diffi-cult to separate. The process according to the invention can also be applied to other isocyclic chlorinated or brominated aromatic compounds as well as to heterocyclic chlorinated or brominated aromatic compounds.
The process described here for the preparation of biaryls leads to markedly higher selectivities and yields than is the case with comparable known reactions. Thus, for example, in Synthesis 7, 537-538, 1978 (P. Bamfield and P. M. Quan), the dimerization of 2-bromotoluene is described, which furnishes 2,2~-bitoly' in yields of only 33~. EP 206 543 describes the analogous reaction with 2-chlorotoluene and with 2-bromotoluene with yields of 60 and 55 mol%. The comparable dimerization reaction of 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene according to the process described here furnishes markedly better yields. The analogous is also true for the dimerization of chloro-benzene and bromobenzene, the yields of which of ~8% and30-65% (Synthesis 7) are markedly surpassed by the process described here and the corresponding fluorinated starting compounds.
The following examples serve to illustrate more closely the process according to the invention, without restricting it thereto.
Example 1 In a 1 liter three necX flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser are placed 457.1 g of ~ ~ t~
35% sodium hydroxide solution, 350.0 g of 4-bromofluoro-benzene (BrFB), 175.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 20.0 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500 and 5.8 g of Pd/C (5~, 50% moisture). The reaction S suspension is heated to 100C and during the course of 2 hours 62.1 g of ethylene glycol are added. For a further 16 hours the reaction suspension remains at this temperature. The catalyst is then removed and the organic phase fractionally distilled. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Melting range: 89.1-91.0C
Solidification point: 88.9C
Example 2 Starting set-up and reaction course analogous to Example 1, with the recycled catalyst from Example 1. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 3 Starting set-up and reaction course analogous to Example 1, with the recycled catalyst from Example 2. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4~-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 4 In a 1 liter three neck flask with stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser are placed 160.0 g of sodium hydroxide pellets dis~olved in 800.0 g of HzO
together with 260 g of 4-chlorofluorobenzene (ClFB), 90.O g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 20.0 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500 and 8.0 g of Pd/C
(5~, 50% moisture) in the reaction vessel. The reaction suspension is heated to 100C and during the course of 4 hours 84.8 g of 87% glycerol are added. For a further 16 hours the reaction suspension remains at this tempera-ture. The catalyst is then removed and the organic phase fractionally distilled. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Example 5 'rest carried out analogously to Example 1 with the following reaction components: 114 g of 35% sodium hydroxide solution, 94.5 g of 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene (BrFT), 40.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 5 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500, 2.5 g of Pd/C
(5%, 50% moisture) and 21.5 g of 87% glycerol. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 4,4'-difluoro-2,2'-bitolyl see Table 1 which follows.
Solidification point: 22.4C
Example 6 Test carried out analogously to Example 1 with the following reaction components: 114 g of 35% sodium hydroxide solution, 96.5 g of 2,4-difluorobromobenzene (DFBrB), 40.0 g of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 5 g of polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500, 2.0 g of Pd/C
(5%, 50% moisture) and 21.5 g of 8~% glycerol. The catalyst is removed, the organic phase is freed from solvent and the crude product obtained is recrystallized from chlorobenzene. For GC analyses of the reaction solution and the yields of isolated 2,2',4,4'-tetra-fluorobiphenyl see Table 1 which follows.
Melting range: 141.5-145.5C
Solidification point: 138.1C
Comparison example 1 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example 1 without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
2 ~ 2 _ 9 Comparison example 2 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example ?~ without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which followsO
Comparison example 3 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example
3 without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
Comparison example 4 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example S without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
2~9~2 Table 1 Ex.lTLme Temp.Yield by GC Yields isol. Ar-X
(h) (C) mol (%) mol (~) sion H-Ar Ar-Ar Ar-Ar* Ar-Ar*
.
1 18100100.0 10.3 89.1 89.1 87.8 BrFB
2 1810088.7 10.8 76.4 86.3 84.8 BrFB
3 2010087.0 13.2 73.6 84.2 82.0 BrFB
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
Comparison example 4 Starting set-up and test procedure analogously to Example S without addition of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 500. For GC
analyses of the reaction solution see Table 1 which follows.
2~9~2 Table 1 Ex.lTLme Temp.Yield by GC Yields isol. Ar-X
(h) (C) mol (%) mol (~) sion H-Ar Ar-Ar Ar-Ar* Ar-Ar*
.
1 18100100.0 10.3 89.1 89.1 87.8 BrFB
2 1810088.7 10.8 76.4 86.3 84.8 BrFB
3 2010087.0 13.2 73.6 84.2 82.0 BrFB
4 209587.5 20.7 66.0 75.5 73.2 ClFB
2010090.7 16.6 72.8 80.4 79.5 BrFT
6 18100100 11.8 87.1 87.1 76.3 DFBrB
C1 18100100.0 14.1 82.7 82.7 BrFB
C2 18100100.0 24.4 72.8 72.8 BrFB
C3 1810098.2 27.6 68.9 70.2 BrFB
C4 20100100.0 31.0 65.7 65.7 BrFT
* Yields relative to converted aryl halide In the last column B = benzene and T = toluene.
2010090.7 16.6 72.8 80.4 79.5 BrFT
6 18100100 11.8 87.1 87.1 76.3 DFBrB
C1 18100100.0 14.1 82.7 82.7 BrFB
C2 18100100.0 24.4 72.8 72.8 BrFB
C3 1810098.2 27.6 68.9 70.2 BrFB
C4 20100100.0 31.0 65.7 65.7 BrFT
* Yields relative to converted aryl halide In the last column B = benzene and T = toluene.
Claims (19)
1. A process for the preparation of biaryls of the formula (1) R1m - Ar - Ar - R1m (1) in which Ar is a phenylene or naphthylene radical, R1 is a hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine atom or an unbranched or branched alkyl(C1-C6)-, alkyl(C1-C6)-O-, alkyl(C1-C6)-CO- or alkyl(C1-C6)-SO2H radical and m is the number of still unsubstituted =C- positions on the Ar radical, wherein a compound of the formula (2) R1m - Ar -X (2) in which Ar, R1 and m have the meanings cited above and X
is a chlorine or bromine atom, is dehalogenated and dimerized in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water at temperatures from about 50 to about 120°C.
is a chlorine or bromine atom, is dehalogenated and dimerized in the presence of a palladium catalyst on a support material, of a reducing agent, a hydrogen halide acceptor, a polyether or polyether mixture and of water at temperatures from about 50 to about 120°C.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the case m = 1, R1 is a fluorine atom.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the case m = 2, R1 is a fluorine atom.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the case m = 2, on the same Ar radical one R1 is a fluorine atom and the other R1 is a methyl group.
S. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a polyether of the formula R3 - (OCH2 - CH2 - )p OR4 in which R3 and R4 are linear or branched alkyl(C1-C6)-radicals and p is a number from 1 to about 20, is used.
6. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a mixture of polyethers of the formula given in claim 5 is used.
7. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a polyether or a polyether mixture is used at about 0.1 to about 500 % by weight, related to the aryl halide used.
8. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a polyether or a polyether mixture is used at about 1 to about 100 % by weight, related to the aryl halide used.
9. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an inorganic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal compound or sodium methylate is used as hydrogen halide acceptor.
10. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hydrogen halide acceptor is used at about 0.5 to about 10 mol, per mole of aryl halide used.
11. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an about 5 to about 50 percent by weight aqueous solution of the hydrogen halide acceptor is used.
12. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an about 15 to about 40 percent by weight of aqueous solution of the hydrogen halide acceptor is used.
13. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a palladium catalyst on activated charcoal or calcium carbonate is used.
14. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a palladium catalyst is used at about 0.1 to about 10 % by weight, related to the support material.
15. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 13, wherein palladium is used at about 0.001 to about 50 mmol, per mole of the aryl halide used.
16. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 15, wherein a palladium catalyst on support material, previously used repeatedly in the dehalogenation and dimerization, is used.
17. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 16, wherein monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, formalde-hyde, formates or hydrazine are used as reducing agent.
18. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 16, wherein methanol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, form-alin, paraformaldehyde or sodium formate are used as reducing agent.
19. The process as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the reducing agent is used at about 10 to about 200 mol%, per mole of aryl halide used.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4034109A DE4034109A1 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1990-10-26 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIARYLEN |
DEP4034109.7 | 1990-10-26 | ||
IN755CA1991 IN172469B (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2094802A1 true CA2094802A1 (en) | 1992-04-27 |
Family
ID=25898023
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002094802A Abandoned CA2094802A1 (en) | 1990-10-26 | 1991-10-16 | Process for the production of diaryls |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0555260B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2094802A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4034109A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN172469B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992007809A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61167642A (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1986-07-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Production of 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid salt |
GB8515063D0 (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1985-07-17 | Ici Plc | Polyaromatic compounds |
DE3869565D1 (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1992-04-30 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | METHOD FOR DIMERIZING AROMATIC HALOGENIDES. |
-
1990
- 1990-10-26 DE DE4034109A patent/DE4034109A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-10-07 IN IN755CA1991 patent/IN172469B/en unknown
- 1991-10-16 CA CA002094802A patent/CA2094802A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-10-16 DE DE59106559T patent/DE59106559D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-16 EP EP91918263A patent/EP0555260B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-16 WO PCT/EP1991/001968 patent/WO1992007809A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0555260A1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
IN172469B (en) | 1993-08-14 |
DE59106559D1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
DE4034109A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 |
EP0555260B1 (en) | 1995-09-20 |
WO1992007809A1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
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