CA2086242A1 - Speaker vent - Google Patents
Speaker ventInfo
- Publication number
- CA2086242A1 CA2086242A1 CA002086242A CA2086242A CA2086242A1 CA 2086242 A1 CA2086242 A1 CA 2086242A1 CA 002086242 A CA002086242 A CA 002086242A CA 2086242 A CA2086242 A CA 2086242A CA 2086242 A1 CA2086242 A1 CA 2086242A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- improvement
- chamber
- vent
- tube
- range
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D7/00—General design of wind musical instruments
- G10D7/06—Beating-reed wind instruments, e.g. single or double reed wind instruments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
2086242 9201282 PCTABS00010 In a woodwind instrument, the improvement comprising a speaker vent extending from inside to outside of the instrument, said speaker vent being characterized by an internal volume in the range of 200 mm3 to 285 mm3.
Description
2 PCT/CA91/00136 2~3~2~
SPEAXER VENT
Field of the Invention This invention relates in general to woodwindinstruments, and more particularly to an improved clarinet speaker vent for providing a better "throat" B~.
Backqround of the Invention The speaker vent is a small tube in a clarinet that assists the player in changing from the low register to the next higher register. More particularly, the vent serves the function of breaking the vibrating column of air within the bore of the clarinet into further acoustical segments.
The small speaker vent also acts as a musical note called "throat" tone ~. In existing clarinets, the sound of this note is weak and fuzzy. Many attempts have been made at correcting the weakness of the "throat" B~
~.
tone with mechanisms that switch from the speaker vent to a lower alternative tone hole for B~. Most of these prior art solutîons necessitated added mechanisms.
For example, United States Patent 2,508,550 (Stubbins) teaches a speaker vent located at a node in the low register of a clarinet for producing upper register tones. A separate "resonance" hole is spaced circumferentially downstream from the reqister hole for producing, when opened with the speaker vent and the A
key, a better Bb.
United States Patent 2,951,414 (Christensen) teaches a mechanism associated with the register vent key by which an outlet of a size smaller than the conventional size of a register key may be opened to function exclusively when the tones A, A#, B and C just above the staff are produced, to sound these tones in correct ! pit~h.
United States Patent 706,557 (Heckel) teaches a vent divided into two separate holes on opposite sides of the clarinet at the approximate location of the normal vent, and added mechani~ms for opening and closing the separate holes simultaneously.
W092/01282 2 ~ r~ i ~ PCT/CA91/00136 United States Patent 2,226,536 (Selmer) discldses a woodwind instrument, such as a clarinet, in which the speaker vent inside the clarinet is surrounded by a tubular cap or body, forming a resonant space opened freely toward the inside of the clarinet. The resonant space or chamber around the vent tube is said to provide for musical notes of enhanced timbre, purity and intensity.
United States Patent 2,867,146 (Mazzeo) teaches the use of the lower side "B~" hole with a mechanism that utilizes a different fingering from the usual clarinet - fingering, and a cancellation mechanism which can revert to the istandard clarinet fingering utilizing the prior vent B~.
I5 According to an aspect of the present invention, a speaker vent is provided having larger tube volume than hitherto~provided, resulting in the sounding of a strong ~ and better B~. There is no added mechanism or change of -~ fin~gering.
According to the preferred embodiment, the larger volume speia~er vent incorporates an intermediate chamber in the middle of the vent tube to provide the required volume. This combined tube and chamber serve the dual purpose of speaker vent and throat B~.
- 25 Brief Description of the ~rawinas Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to the following drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a partial cross sectional view of prior art clarinet with speaker vent 4;
Pigure 2 is a cross sectional view of a clarinet illustrating a first embodiment of the speaker vent in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3 iB a cross sectional view illustrating a prefQrred embodiment of t~e speaker vent in accordance with t~e pr~sent invention;
W09~/0l28~ 20~ J rC~/CA91/~
Figure 4 is a close-up view of the speaker vent shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an exploded view of the speaker vent shown in Figures 3 and 4;
s Figures 6a and 6b are perspective and cross sectional views of a speaker vent according to a first alternative embodiment of the invention;
Figures 6c and 6d show alternative configurations of sleeve design for the embodiment of Figures 6a and 6b;
Figure 7 is a cross sectional view of an oblique elongated ~ent acccrding to a second alternative ~ embodiment; and Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of an obl.ique high register vent according to a third alternative -embodiment.Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Turning to Figure 1, a cross-sectional view of a portion of a clarinet 1 is shown having a bore 2 and a stock 3 for connection to a further section of the clarinet. A speaker vent 4 is provided in the usual position and size, characterized by an internal volume in the order of 99 cubic milli~eters.
In Figure 2, the speaker vent 5 is shown more than twice as long as the prior art vent 4, and is characterized by an inside diamete:r that is larger, thereby providing an increased volume o~ air within the tube, resulting in a stronger B~ tone than prior art clarinets. The vent 5 protrudes from the body of the clarinet in the illustrated embodiment.
Turning to the preferred embodiment of Figures 3, 4 and 5, the length of the speaker vent 5 is reduced from the embodiment of Figure 2 to a little more than the length of the conventional ~peaker vent 4 shown in Figure 1. An in~ermediate chamber 6 i~ introduced in the tube 7 to compencate for the volume of the shortened portion tube as compared with the embodi~ent shown in Figure 2.
This shortened tube 7 and chamber 6 act both as the WO92/0l282 PCT/CA9l/00136 ~t,~
speaker vent and as a throat B~ note. The inner chamber 6 functions to lower the pressure from inside the clarinet bore 2 to outside of the clarinet, thereby rendering smooth and unobstructed emission of the clarinet register.
Furthermore, in order to compensate for lost flow resistance by enlarging the tube at 6, impedance has been introduced by cutting threads 8 into the chamber 6, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. More particularly, upper and lower sections 9 and 10 of the vent 7, are connected together by means of cooperating outer threads 8a on top ~ section 9 and inner threads 8b on bottom section 10, while inner threads 8c on bottom section 10 function to provide the necessary flow impedance.
Through experimentation, it has been discovered that the internal volume of the vent tubes in the embodiments of Figures 2-6 is in the vicinity of 200-285 mm3 a~
compared to approximately 99 mm3 in the prior art~
Thus, in a successful prototype of the embodiment of Figure 2, the tube 5 was characterized by a length of 26-28 mm and an inner diameter in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm. In a successful prototype of the preferred embodiment in Figures 3-5, the inner operative chamber 6 was characterized by a length in the-ranqe of 2-3 mm and inner diameter in the range of 7-9 mm, whereas the two sections of tube 7 on either side of chamber 6 were characterized by an inner diameter in the range of 2.8 mm to 3.8 mm and a combined length of in the range of 12 mm to 13 mm. The total length of the vent is 17-19 mm.
In summary, it has been found that the transition from the low register to the clarinet register is accomplished using the principle of the present invention, with much more ease than hitherto experienced.
Transitions between notes have been found to be very smooth and the "clarinet" register rendered more fl~xible. The "throatH ~ has been vastly improved and strengthened over small tube vents of prior art WO92/01282 PCT/CA91/~136 2 0 8 6 ~
clarinets. There is no added mechanisms or change of f ingering.
Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 6a-6d. The entire vent of the embodiment is between 17-19 D long. The vent comprises a tube 11 that is between 12-13 mm long with an inside diameter of between 2.7-3.5 mm wide, leading to a chamber 12 that is between 5-7 mm long with an inside diameter of between 5~7 mm.
The inside of the chamber 12 is lined with a sleeve 14 that has perforations as in number 14a (Figure 6c) or ~ a sleeve that has grooves 14b as shown in Figure 6d. The ; sleeve 14 can have other different topographic features such as indentations, threads or a combination of shapes.
Each such shape or combination thereof offers a different tone quality.
The top of the chamber 12 is covered with a cap 13 that has an opening of between 3.5-5 mm in diameter. The cap may be screwed or soldered to the top of chamber 12.
Other embodiments or variations are possible within the sphere and scope of the present invention.
For example, as an alternative to lengthening the vent tube outside the bore of the clarinet itself, one alternative comprises disposing the ~ube at an oblique angle 15, with the entrance in the bore 2 being located at the same place as prior art vents and the opening outside the clarinet being lower and closer to the "throat G" tone hole (see Figure 7).
Furthermore, the principles of the present invention is equally applicable to the high register vent of a clarinet.
For example, the first finger hole for the left ha-nd, the F-C hole, is used as a vent for the high register of the clarinet (i.e. the altissimo register).
When mo~t notes in the high register are played, this tone hole is left open. The tone hole is of a small WO 92/012X2 PCr/CA91/00136 2 ~ i3 ~
size and in a location which enables it to act as a high register vent.
There was an innovation by Adolphe sax, in the last century, to improve this vent by covering the first finger hole with a perforated plate such that the plate would be closed and a smaller hole would be left open when the left hand first finger is raised. This principle is presently applied to bass clarinets and other such lower sounding clarinets.
10U.S. Patent 3,844,193 (Marchi) discloses a high register vent which is situated almost as high as the top of the barrel of the clarinet. The purpose of the Marchi vent is to create a new harmonic series starting from middle B (third line of the stave).
15The alternative embodiment of Figure 8 is an improvement on the prior art high register vent (i.e. the hole 16 controlled by the first finger of the left hand).
According~to the illustrated embodiment, a further small hole 17 i8 drilled obliquely from inside the left hand first finger tone hole 16, towards the top of the instrument, opening into the bore 2, approximately - opposite the location where the throat G tone hole is located.
When the first finger of the left hand is raised, - 25 this new oblique hole l~ allows the high notes to sound smoothly and, ~akes it easier to slur to and from the clarinet register to the higher altissi~o notes.
Finally, although the disclosed embodiments all relate to clarinet implementations of the invention, the principles of the invention are equally applicable to the entire clarinet, saxophone and oboe family ( oprano, alto, bass, etc.), and are not limited to the clarinet embodiment disclosed herein.
All ~uch embodiments or variations are believed to be within t~e sphere and scope of the claims appended hereto.
SPEAXER VENT
Field of the Invention This invention relates in general to woodwindinstruments, and more particularly to an improved clarinet speaker vent for providing a better "throat" B~.
Backqround of the Invention The speaker vent is a small tube in a clarinet that assists the player in changing from the low register to the next higher register. More particularly, the vent serves the function of breaking the vibrating column of air within the bore of the clarinet into further acoustical segments.
The small speaker vent also acts as a musical note called "throat" tone ~. In existing clarinets, the sound of this note is weak and fuzzy. Many attempts have been made at correcting the weakness of the "throat" B~
~.
tone with mechanisms that switch from the speaker vent to a lower alternative tone hole for B~. Most of these prior art solutîons necessitated added mechanisms.
For example, United States Patent 2,508,550 (Stubbins) teaches a speaker vent located at a node in the low register of a clarinet for producing upper register tones. A separate "resonance" hole is spaced circumferentially downstream from the reqister hole for producing, when opened with the speaker vent and the A
key, a better Bb.
United States Patent 2,951,414 (Christensen) teaches a mechanism associated with the register vent key by which an outlet of a size smaller than the conventional size of a register key may be opened to function exclusively when the tones A, A#, B and C just above the staff are produced, to sound these tones in correct ! pit~h.
United States Patent 706,557 (Heckel) teaches a vent divided into two separate holes on opposite sides of the clarinet at the approximate location of the normal vent, and added mechani~ms for opening and closing the separate holes simultaneously.
W092/01282 2 ~ r~ i ~ PCT/CA91/00136 United States Patent 2,226,536 (Selmer) discldses a woodwind instrument, such as a clarinet, in which the speaker vent inside the clarinet is surrounded by a tubular cap or body, forming a resonant space opened freely toward the inside of the clarinet. The resonant space or chamber around the vent tube is said to provide for musical notes of enhanced timbre, purity and intensity.
United States Patent 2,867,146 (Mazzeo) teaches the use of the lower side "B~" hole with a mechanism that utilizes a different fingering from the usual clarinet - fingering, and a cancellation mechanism which can revert to the istandard clarinet fingering utilizing the prior vent B~.
I5 According to an aspect of the present invention, a speaker vent is provided having larger tube volume than hitherto~provided, resulting in the sounding of a strong ~ and better B~. There is no added mechanism or change of -~ fin~gering.
According to the preferred embodiment, the larger volume speia~er vent incorporates an intermediate chamber in the middle of the vent tube to provide the required volume. This combined tube and chamber serve the dual purpose of speaker vent and throat B~.
- 25 Brief Description of the ~rawinas Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to the following drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a partial cross sectional view of prior art clarinet with speaker vent 4;
Pigure 2 is a cross sectional view of a clarinet illustrating a first embodiment of the speaker vent in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3 iB a cross sectional view illustrating a prefQrred embodiment of t~e speaker vent in accordance with t~e pr~sent invention;
W09~/0l28~ 20~ J rC~/CA91/~
Figure 4 is a close-up view of the speaker vent shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is an exploded view of the speaker vent shown in Figures 3 and 4;
s Figures 6a and 6b are perspective and cross sectional views of a speaker vent according to a first alternative embodiment of the invention;
Figures 6c and 6d show alternative configurations of sleeve design for the embodiment of Figures 6a and 6b;
Figure 7 is a cross sectional view of an oblique elongated ~ent acccrding to a second alternative ~ embodiment; and Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of an obl.ique high register vent according to a third alternative -embodiment.Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Turning to Figure 1, a cross-sectional view of a portion of a clarinet 1 is shown having a bore 2 and a stock 3 for connection to a further section of the clarinet. A speaker vent 4 is provided in the usual position and size, characterized by an internal volume in the order of 99 cubic milli~eters.
In Figure 2, the speaker vent 5 is shown more than twice as long as the prior art vent 4, and is characterized by an inside diamete:r that is larger, thereby providing an increased volume o~ air within the tube, resulting in a stronger B~ tone than prior art clarinets. The vent 5 protrudes from the body of the clarinet in the illustrated embodiment.
Turning to the preferred embodiment of Figures 3, 4 and 5, the length of the speaker vent 5 is reduced from the embodiment of Figure 2 to a little more than the length of the conventional ~peaker vent 4 shown in Figure 1. An in~ermediate chamber 6 i~ introduced in the tube 7 to compencate for the volume of the shortened portion tube as compared with the embodi~ent shown in Figure 2.
This shortened tube 7 and chamber 6 act both as the WO92/0l282 PCT/CA9l/00136 ~t,~
speaker vent and as a throat B~ note. The inner chamber 6 functions to lower the pressure from inside the clarinet bore 2 to outside of the clarinet, thereby rendering smooth and unobstructed emission of the clarinet register.
Furthermore, in order to compensate for lost flow resistance by enlarging the tube at 6, impedance has been introduced by cutting threads 8 into the chamber 6, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. More particularly, upper and lower sections 9 and 10 of the vent 7, are connected together by means of cooperating outer threads 8a on top ~ section 9 and inner threads 8b on bottom section 10, while inner threads 8c on bottom section 10 function to provide the necessary flow impedance.
Through experimentation, it has been discovered that the internal volume of the vent tubes in the embodiments of Figures 2-6 is in the vicinity of 200-285 mm3 a~
compared to approximately 99 mm3 in the prior art~
Thus, in a successful prototype of the embodiment of Figure 2, the tube 5 was characterized by a length of 26-28 mm and an inner diameter in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm. In a successful prototype of the preferred embodiment in Figures 3-5, the inner operative chamber 6 was characterized by a length in the-ranqe of 2-3 mm and inner diameter in the range of 7-9 mm, whereas the two sections of tube 7 on either side of chamber 6 were characterized by an inner diameter in the range of 2.8 mm to 3.8 mm and a combined length of in the range of 12 mm to 13 mm. The total length of the vent is 17-19 mm.
In summary, it has been found that the transition from the low register to the clarinet register is accomplished using the principle of the present invention, with much more ease than hitherto experienced.
Transitions between notes have been found to be very smooth and the "clarinet" register rendered more fl~xible. The "throatH ~ has been vastly improved and strengthened over small tube vents of prior art WO92/01282 PCT/CA91/~136 2 0 8 6 ~
clarinets. There is no added mechanisms or change of f ingering.
Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figures 6a-6d. The entire vent of the embodiment is between 17-19 D long. The vent comprises a tube 11 that is between 12-13 mm long with an inside diameter of between 2.7-3.5 mm wide, leading to a chamber 12 that is between 5-7 mm long with an inside diameter of between 5~7 mm.
The inside of the chamber 12 is lined with a sleeve 14 that has perforations as in number 14a (Figure 6c) or ~ a sleeve that has grooves 14b as shown in Figure 6d. The ; sleeve 14 can have other different topographic features such as indentations, threads or a combination of shapes.
Each such shape or combination thereof offers a different tone quality.
The top of the chamber 12 is covered with a cap 13 that has an opening of between 3.5-5 mm in diameter. The cap may be screwed or soldered to the top of chamber 12.
Other embodiments or variations are possible within the sphere and scope of the present invention.
For example, as an alternative to lengthening the vent tube outside the bore of the clarinet itself, one alternative comprises disposing the ~ube at an oblique angle 15, with the entrance in the bore 2 being located at the same place as prior art vents and the opening outside the clarinet being lower and closer to the "throat G" tone hole (see Figure 7).
Furthermore, the principles of the present invention is equally applicable to the high register vent of a clarinet.
For example, the first finger hole for the left ha-nd, the F-C hole, is used as a vent for the high register of the clarinet (i.e. the altissimo register).
When mo~t notes in the high register are played, this tone hole is left open. The tone hole is of a small WO 92/012X2 PCr/CA91/00136 2 ~ i3 ~
size and in a location which enables it to act as a high register vent.
There was an innovation by Adolphe sax, in the last century, to improve this vent by covering the first finger hole with a perforated plate such that the plate would be closed and a smaller hole would be left open when the left hand first finger is raised. This principle is presently applied to bass clarinets and other such lower sounding clarinets.
10U.S. Patent 3,844,193 (Marchi) discloses a high register vent which is situated almost as high as the top of the barrel of the clarinet. The purpose of the Marchi vent is to create a new harmonic series starting from middle B (third line of the stave).
15The alternative embodiment of Figure 8 is an improvement on the prior art high register vent (i.e. the hole 16 controlled by the first finger of the left hand).
According~to the illustrated embodiment, a further small hole 17 i8 drilled obliquely from inside the left hand first finger tone hole 16, towards the top of the instrument, opening into the bore 2, approximately - opposite the location where the throat G tone hole is located.
When the first finger of the left hand is raised, - 25 this new oblique hole l~ allows the high notes to sound smoothly and, ~akes it easier to slur to and from the clarinet register to the higher altissi~o notes.
Finally, although the disclosed embodiments all relate to clarinet implementations of the invention, the principles of the invention are equally applicable to the entire clarinet, saxophone and oboe family ( oprano, alto, bass, etc.), and are not limited to the clarinet embodiment disclosed herein.
All ~uch embodiments or variations are believed to be within t~e sphere and scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (14)
1. In a woodwind instrument, the improvement comprising a speaker vent extending from inside to the outside of the instrument, said speaker vent being characterized by an internal volume in the range of from 200 mm3 to 285 mm3.
2. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker vent is in the form of a tube having an internal diameter in the range of from 3 mm to 4 mm and length of approximately 26-28 mm.
3. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker vent is in the form of a tube and intermediate chamber.
4. The improvement of claim 3 wherein said intermediate chamber has an internal diameter in the range of 7mm to 9mm and an operative length in the range of 2mm to 3 mm, and said tube is characterized by a pair of sections on either side of said chamber, said sections having an internal diameter in the range of from 2.8 mm to 3.8 mm, the combined length of said chamber and said sections being in the range of 17 mm to 19 mm.
5. The improvement of claim 3 further comprising a plurality of threads disposed on an inside wall of said chamber for impeding air flow though said chamber.
6. The improvement of claim 3 wherein said speaker vent comprises a first section having a tubular portion opening into an enlarged portion, said enlarged portion being provided with threads on an inside wall thereof for impeding air flow through said chamber, and a further tubular portion exiting from the above said enlarged portion.
7. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said tube extends obliquely from the inside to outside of the instrument.
8. The improvement of claim 1 wherein said speaker vent is in the form of a tube, a chamber located at one end of said tube, a sleeve within said chamber, said sleeve having a plurality of topographic features therein, a cap attached to said chamber on a side thereof opposite said tube, and an aperture in said cap.
9. The improvement of claim 8 wherein said tube has a length of between 12-13 mm and an internal diameter of between 2.7-3.5 mm.
10. The improvement of claim 8 wherein said chamber has a length of between 5-7 mm and an internal diameter of between 5-7 mm.
11. The improvement of claim 8 wherein said aperture is between 3.5-5 mm in diameter.
12. The improvement of claim 8 wherein said topographic features are circular perforations.
13. The improvement of claim 8 wherein said topographic features are oblique threads.
14. In a woodwind instrument having a left hand first finger hole functioning as a high register vent, the improvement comprising an oblique hole extending from inside the said finger hole to inside the bore of the instrument at a location opposite throat G.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002086242A CA2086242A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Speaker vent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002086242A CA2086242A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Speaker vent |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2086242A1 true CA2086242A1 (en) | 1994-06-24 |
Family
ID=4150907
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002086242A Abandoned CA2086242A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 | 1992-12-23 | Speaker vent |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2086242A1 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-12-23 CA CA002086242A patent/CA2086242A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |