CA2084974C - Nozzle for disc centrifuge bowl - Google Patents
Nozzle for disc centrifuge bowlInfo
- Publication number
- CA2084974C CA2084974C CA 2084974 CA2084974A CA2084974C CA 2084974 C CA2084974 C CA 2084974C CA 2084974 CA2084974 CA 2084974 CA 2084974 A CA2084974 A CA 2084974A CA 2084974 C CA2084974 C CA 2084974C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- segment
- inlet
- bore
- elbow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B11/00—Feeding, charging, or discharging bowls
- B04B11/06—Arrangement of distributors or collectors in centrifuges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
- B04B1/10—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with discharging outlets in the plane of the maximum diameter of the bowl
- B04B1/12—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles with discharging outlets in the plane of the maximum diameter of the bowl with continuous discharge
Abstract
The nozzle has a longitudinal bore comprising two straight segments joined by an elbow. The surface of the bore is smoothly curved and continuous through the change of direction, to prevent the eddying associated with prior art change-of-angle linear junctions of the segments. Erosion of the nozzle is diminished by this change.
Description
~ , ~O~
1 FIELD OF ~HE INVENTION
1 FIELD OF ~HE INVENTION
2 This invention relates to a restrictive nozzle for use 3 in the outlet of a bowl of a disc centrifuge.
4 BACKGROUND OF ~HE :[NVENTION
The present invention was conceived in response to 6 inade~uate nozzle service li~e in disc centrifuges. rrhese 7 centrifuges are machines which were originally used to separate cream from milk in the dairy industry. They were pressed into 9 service in the oil sand plants o~ Alberta for the purpose o~
treating de-sanded bitumen froth, to separate the contained water 11 and fine solids from the bitumen. However, when used in this 12 service, severe wear and short operating life, of both the 13 nozzles and the bowl with which they were associated, were 14 e~perienced.
More particularly, a disc centrifuge comprises a 16 stationary conical casiny, within which is arranged a spinning 17 distributor, stack of closely spaced, conical discs and a 18 containing bowl. Bitumen froth is fed from above into the center 19 o~ the hollow spinning distributor. The froth leaves the distributor and enters the spaces between the discs. Inertial 21 forces cause water ana solids to migrate outwardly toward the 22 spinning bowl wall. Bitumen works its way inwardly and 23 accumulates near the center of the stack, from whence it is ~4 removed as the light phase discharge. The water and solids are discharged from the spinning bowl through a plurality o~ radial 26 apertures formed by the bowl wall. Flow through these apertures 27 is controlled by restrictive nozzles mounted in them.
~- 2 ~ 7 l~
1 Ln the operation of the disc centrifuge, there is an 2 interface between separated oil and separated water and solids 3 in the space between a pair of adjacent discs. This interface 4 is referred to as the equilibrium line or "E-line". The nozzle controlling the r~te of discharge of water and solids from the 6 space affects the location of the E-line. If the bore of the 7 nozzle is too large, then the rate of discharge from the space 8 is excessive, the E-line moves toward the nozzle, and oil begins 9 to be lost with the water and solids. This is an obviously undesirable result.
11 In service, the noz~les are subjeat to high wear rates, 12 with consequent enlargement of the nozzle bore. In the early 13 days of the technology,-the nozzles would only last 4 to 12 hours 1~ before the location of the E-line would be deleteriously affected. In addition, enlargement of the bore outlet would 16 increase the diameter of the erosive stream issuing from the 17 nozzle. The stream could contact the outer surface of the bowl 18 wall and cause it to wear. So, in addition to the costly loss 19 of oil with the water and solids, nozzle bore enlargement would lead to significant replacement and repair costs.
21 The throughput rates of the plant circuits have been 22 gradually pressed upwardly over the years of operation. During 23 the early days of the plant, the disc centrifuges would process 24 10 - 25 million barrels o~ dry bitumen (oil). Today they process about 80 million barrels. This has subjected the nozzles of the 26 centrifuges, which have remained constant in number in 27 applicant's plant, to ever increasing wear.
'-~' 2 ~ 7 l,~
1 The materials and design of the nozzles have evolved 2 and improved over the 20 year life of applicant's plant. Prior 3 to the present invention, average nozzle life had been extended 4 to about 560 hours.
Im~ediately prior to the present invention, ~he nozzle 6 design had evolved to that illustrat:ed in Figure 1. The nozzle 7 a comprised an outer sleeve b formed of stainless steel. An 8 inner sleeve c formed from sintered tungsten carbide powder was 9 contained and supported by the outer sleeve. The innex sleeve formed a bore d created by machininy. This bore had an anyular 11 deviation from linear, the nozzle outlet e being typically 12 disposed at an angle of 110~ relative to the bore inlet.
13 The bore d was created by utilizing an inner sleeve c 14 comprising inner and outer separate segments g, h which met to create the elbow of the inner sleeve, forming the segments around 16 generally cylindrical sand cores and machining the rough bores 17 produaed to finely controlled dimensions. Thus the finished bore 18 d was machined from two different angular orientations meeting 19 at the elbow i of the deviation. The surface of the finished bore at the slbow was characterized by angular changes involving 21 linear junction lines j.
23 The present invention is based on the discovery that 2~ the sharp angular changes in the bore surface of the prior n~zzles induced erosive eddies in the flow stream. By changing 26 to a bore having a smoothly curved surface at the elbow, the flow 27 pattern of the stream has been altered with significant reduction 28 in wear.
2 ~ 7 '~
1 I~ summary then, the present i.nvention provides a 2 nozzle for use in association with an outls-t of a disc centrifuge 3 bowl, comprising:
4 - a duplex nozzle body comprising an inner sleeve, forming a longitudinally extending passageway, and 6 a contiguous outer slaeve forming a sheath 7 supporting the inner sleeve along most of its 8 length;
9 - the passageway consisting of an inlet segment and an outlet segment joined by an elbow segment, the 11 centerlines of the inlet and outlet segments being 12 angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation;
13 - the surface of the elbow segment of the passageway 14 being smoothly curved and continuous with the surfaces of the inlet and outlet segments, free 16 of change-of-angle linear junction lines.
18 Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior 19 embodiment of a nozzle having linear junction lines at the elbow of the passayeway or bore;
21 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle of 22 Figure 1 provided with a smoothly curved bore at its elbow 23 segment;
24 Figure 3 is a plot comparing the increase in nozzle bore dimension over time for the nozzles of Figures 1 and 2.
~ ~8~7~
2 As illustrated in Figure 2, the nozzle 1 comprises a 3 duplex body 2 formed by an inner sleeve 3 and a contiguous outer 4 sleeve ~ forming a sheath which supports the inner sleeve 3 along S most of its length. The inner sleeve 3 is formed of titanium 6 carbide and the outer sleeve 4 o~ stainless steel.
7 The inner sleeve 3 forms an internal longitudinal bore 8 5 comprising an inlet segment 6 and outlet segment 7 joined by 9 an elbow segment 8. The inlet and elbow seyments 6, 8 are tapered and the outlet segment 7 is cylindrical. The diminishing 11 diameters of the inlet and elbow segments 6, 8 are therefore 12 larger than that of the outlet segment 7, the nozzle 1 therefore 13 being restrictive in nature. The centerlines of the inlet and 14 outlet segments 6, 7 are angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation.
16 The surface of the elbow segment 8 is curved and 17 smooth, being free of linear junction lines at the joinder of 18 ~ore surfaces disposed at different angles.
19 Figure 3 provides test data showing i.ncreasing relative bore enlargement of two nozzles, one provided in accordance with 21 Figure 1 and the other in accordance with Figure 2. The two 22 nozzles were identical except for the shape of the elbow segment 23 and they were tested in the same disc centrifuge at the same 24 time.
The present invention was conceived in response to 6 inade~uate nozzle service li~e in disc centrifuges. rrhese 7 centrifuges are machines which were originally used to separate cream from milk in the dairy industry. They were pressed into 9 service in the oil sand plants o~ Alberta for the purpose o~
treating de-sanded bitumen froth, to separate the contained water 11 and fine solids from the bitumen. However, when used in this 12 service, severe wear and short operating life, of both the 13 nozzles and the bowl with which they were associated, were 14 e~perienced.
More particularly, a disc centrifuge comprises a 16 stationary conical casiny, within which is arranged a spinning 17 distributor, stack of closely spaced, conical discs and a 18 containing bowl. Bitumen froth is fed from above into the center 19 o~ the hollow spinning distributor. The froth leaves the distributor and enters the spaces between the discs. Inertial 21 forces cause water ana solids to migrate outwardly toward the 22 spinning bowl wall. Bitumen works its way inwardly and 23 accumulates near the center of the stack, from whence it is ~4 removed as the light phase discharge. The water and solids are discharged from the spinning bowl through a plurality o~ radial 26 apertures formed by the bowl wall. Flow through these apertures 27 is controlled by restrictive nozzles mounted in them.
~- 2 ~ 7 l~
1 Ln the operation of the disc centrifuge, there is an 2 interface between separated oil and separated water and solids 3 in the space between a pair of adjacent discs. This interface 4 is referred to as the equilibrium line or "E-line". The nozzle controlling the r~te of discharge of water and solids from the 6 space affects the location of the E-line. If the bore of the 7 nozzle is too large, then the rate of discharge from the space 8 is excessive, the E-line moves toward the nozzle, and oil begins 9 to be lost with the water and solids. This is an obviously undesirable result.
11 In service, the noz~les are subjeat to high wear rates, 12 with consequent enlargement of the nozzle bore. In the early 13 days of the technology,-the nozzles would only last 4 to 12 hours 1~ before the location of the E-line would be deleteriously affected. In addition, enlargement of the bore outlet would 16 increase the diameter of the erosive stream issuing from the 17 nozzle. The stream could contact the outer surface of the bowl 18 wall and cause it to wear. So, in addition to the costly loss 19 of oil with the water and solids, nozzle bore enlargement would lead to significant replacement and repair costs.
21 The throughput rates of the plant circuits have been 22 gradually pressed upwardly over the years of operation. During 23 the early days of the plant, the disc centrifuges would process 24 10 - 25 million barrels o~ dry bitumen (oil). Today they process about 80 million barrels. This has subjected the nozzles of the 26 centrifuges, which have remained constant in number in 27 applicant's plant, to ever increasing wear.
'-~' 2 ~ 7 l,~
1 The materials and design of the nozzles have evolved 2 and improved over the 20 year life of applicant's plant. Prior 3 to the present invention, average nozzle life had been extended 4 to about 560 hours.
Im~ediately prior to the present invention, ~he nozzle 6 design had evolved to that illustrat:ed in Figure 1. The nozzle 7 a comprised an outer sleeve b formed of stainless steel. An 8 inner sleeve c formed from sintered tungsten carbide powder was 9 contained and supported by the outer sleeve. The innex sleeve formed a bore d created by machininy. This bore had an anyular 11 deviation from linear, the nozzle outlet e being typically 12 disposed at an angle of 110~ relative to the bore inlet.
13 The bore d was created by utilizing an inner sleeve c 14 comprising inner and outer separate segments g, h which met to create the elbow of the inner sleeve, forming the segments around 16 generally cylindrical sand cores and machining the rough bores 17 produaed to finely controlled dimensions. Thus the finished bore 18 d was machined from two different angular orientations meeting 19 at the elbow i of the deviation. The surface of the finished bore at the slbow was characterized by angular changes involving 21 linear junction lines j.
23 The present invention is based on the discovery that 2~ the sharp angular changes in the bore surface of the prior n~zzles induced erosive eddies in the flow stream. By changing 26 to a bore having a smoothly curved surface at the elbow, the flow 27 pattern of the stream has been altered with significant reduction 28 in wear.
2 ~ 7 '~
1 I~ summary then, the present i.nvention provides a 2 nozzle for use in association with an outls-t of a disc centrifuge 3 bowl, comprising:
4 - a duplex nozzle body comprising an inner sleeve, forming a longitudinally extending passageway, and 6 a contiguous outer slaeve forming a sheath 7 supporting the inner sleeve along most of its 8 length;
9 - the passageway consisting of an inlet segment and an outlet segment joined by an elbow segment, the 11 centerlines of the inlet and outlet segments being 12 angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation;
13 - the surface of the elbow segment of the passageway 14 being smoothly curved and continuous with the surfaces of the inlet and outlet segments, free 16 of change-of-angle linear junction lines.
18 Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior 19 embodiment of a nozzle having linear junction lines at the elbow of the passayeway or bore;
21 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle of 22 Figure 1 provided with a smoothly curved bore at its elbow 23 segment;
24 Figure 3 is a plot comparing the increase in nozzle bore dimension over time for the nozzles of Figures 1 and 2.
~ ~8~7~
2 As illustrated in Figure 2, the nozzle 1 comprises a 3 duplex body 2 formed by an inner sleeve 3 and a contiguous outer 4 sleeve ~ forming a sheath which supports the inner sleeve 3 along S most of its length. The inner sleeve 3 is formed of titanium 6 carbide and the outer sleeve 4 o~ stainless steel.
7 The inner sleeve 3 forms an internal longitudinal bore 8 5 comprising an inlet segment 6 and outlet segment 7 joined by 9 an elbow segment 8. The inlet and elbow seyments 6, 8 are tapered and the outlet segment 7 is cylindrical. The diminishing 11 diameters of the inlet and elbow segments 6, 8 are therefore 12 larger than that of the outlet segment 7, the nozzle 1 therefore 13 being restrictive in nature. The centerlines of the inlet and 14 outlet segments 6, 7 are angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation.
16 The surface of the elbow segment 8 is curved and 17 smooth, being free of linear junction lines at the joinder of 18 ~ore surfaces disposed at different angles.
19 Figure 3 provides test data showing i.ncreasing relative bore enlargement of two nozzles, one provided in accordance with 21 Figure 1 and the other in accordance with Figure 2. The two 22 nozzles were identical except for the shape of the elbow segment 23 and they were tested in the same disc centrifuge at the same 24 time.
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A nozzle for use in the bowl of a disc centrifuge machine comprising:
a duplex nozzle body comprising an inner sleeve, forming a longitudinally extending passageway, and a contiguous outer sleeve forming a sheath supporting the inner sleeve along most of its length;
the passageway consisting of an inlet segment and an outlet segment joined by an elbow segment, the centerlines of the inlet and outlet segments being angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation;
the surface of the elbow segment being smoothly curved and continuous with the surfaces of the inlet and outlet segments, free of change-of-angle linear junction lines.
a duplex nozzle body comprising an inner sleeve, forming a longitudinally extending passageway, and a contiguous outer sleeve forming a sheath supporting the inner sleeve along most of its length;
the passageway consisting of an inlet segment and an outlet segment joined by an elbow segment, the centerlines of the inlet and outlet segments being angularly disposed in an obtuse angle orientation;
the surface of the elbow segment being smoothly curved and continuous with the surfaces of the inlet and outlet segments, free of change-of-angle linear junction lines.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2084974 CA2084974C (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1992-12-08 | Nozzle for disc centrifuge bowl |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2084974 CA2084974C (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1992-12-08 | Nozzle for disc centrifuge bowl |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2084974A1 CA2084974A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| CA2084974C true CA2084974C (en) | 1998-05-19 |
Family
ID=4150822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2084974 Expired - Lifetime CA2084974C (en) | 1992-12-08 | 1992-12-08 | Nozzle for disc centrifuge bowl |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2084974C (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2866783C (en) * | 2013-10-04 | 2017-01-10 | Syncrude Canada Ltd. In Trust For The Owners Of The Syncrude Project, As Such Owners Exist Now And In The Future | Disc centrifuge nozzle |
| CN109311029A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-02-05 | 弗洛伊德库珀股份有限公司 | The centrifuge rotor with alternating expression nozzle for dish-style nozzle separator |
| DE102018119620A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-13 | Flottweg Se | Outlet nozzle for a centrifuge drum, nozzle insert, centrifuge drum, assembly tool and method for assembling an outlet nozzle |
-
1992
- 1992-12-08 CA CA 2084974 patent/CA2084974C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2084974A1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20121210 |