CA2077275C - Engine/pump with eccentric elliptical gear mechanism - Google Patents
Engine/pump with eccentric elliptical gear mechanismInfo
- Publication number
- CA2077275C CA2077275C CA002077275A CA2077275A CA2077275C CA 2077275 C CA2077275 C CA 2077275C CA 002077275 A CA002077275 A CA 002077275A CA 2077275 A CA2077275 A CA 2077275A CA 2077275 C CA2077275 C CA 2077275C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- elliptical
- vanes
- gears
- engine
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
- F02B53/02—Methods of operating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
- Gear Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
A particular arrangement for controlling the rotational movements of vanes of a vaned engine or pump are disclosed. The rotational movement, in particular the relative movement of the vanes during the various cycles, are controlled by an elliptical gear train.
Description
- ~ 0 7 7 ~ 7 ~
TITLE: ENGINE/PUMP WITH ECCENTRIC ELLIPTICAL GEAR MECHANISM
FIEL~ OF THE T~vENTIoN
The present invention relates to geared drive trains and in particular, geared drive trains suitable for use with a vane engine or vane pump. This geared drive train does have use in applications other than vane pumps and vane engines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A vane engine using rotatable vanes, where the angle of separation between the vanes can vary to define the various strokes of a four-cycle combu~tion process, are known. One such vane or rotary engine is shown in United States Patent 3,203,405. A further example of such an engine is shown in United States Patent 3,730,654 where a complicated gear arrangement is used for controlling of the vanes.
Sabet United States Patent 3,203,405 uses a drive arrangement including an outer ring gear in combination with a series of elliptical gears driven around their geometric center. This gearing arrangement is preferable to the gearing arrangement of McMahon United states Patent 3,730,654, in that the elliptical gears and circular gears are easier to manufacture, however, the Sabet system is still somewhat sophisticated and the range of changing relative movement of the shafts is somewhat limited while trying to maintain a small size.
There remains a need to provide a simplified gearing arrangement for controlling of vanes in a rotary type engine or for controlling any two element~ which rotate about a center point and where the ~pacing between the elements ig to be varied with the degree of rotation.
SUMMARY OF THF INV~NTION
The present invention is directed to a particular geared drive train for coordinating the rotary motion 207727~
between two shafts relative to a common shaft. In particular, this drive train can be used for coordinating two shafts which are coaxial with each of the shafts being driven by the common shaft. The gear arrangement has essentially two elliptical drive trains with each drive train comprising two identical ellipti~al gears whi~h ea~h rotate about a focus of the elliptical gear and intermesh, such that when the gears are rotated to a position where the foci align, only one focus of the intermeshing gears are located between the shafts of rotation with the other focus therebeyond. The elliptical gears of the first shaft are out of phase with respect to one another whereby the movement of said second shafts with rotation of the common shaft is determined by the gear trains, the characteristics of the elliptical gears, and the degree the elliptical gears of the common shaft are out of phase.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the geared train is modified such that the two shafts are coaxial.
According to a further aspect of the invention, all gears of the geared drive train are the same.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention, the elliptical gears of the common shaft are keyed to the common shaft 180~ out of phase to allow use of four vanes.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, this geared drive train is used in combination with a vane combustion engine where the drive train is used to control the rotational movement of the vanes by means of the two shafts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments o~ the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 ~ross se~tion through a vane engine and drive train arrangement, Figure 2 is a vertical section through the vane engine showing each o~ the vanes;
L t ~7727~
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 show, respectively, the compression, expansion, exhaust and suction cycles of a vaned engine;
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the elliptical gear trains; and Figure 9 i5 an expanded perspective view of the gear train.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The vaned engine, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, has a rotary cylinder and vane arrangement, generally shown as 4, in combination with a drive train arrangement for controlling of the vanes, generally shown as 6. The vanes of the engine are shown as 11 and 111 being diagonally opposite vanes and commonly attached, and associated vanes 12 and 121 also being diagonally opposed and commonly connected. The pairs of vanes 11 and 111 and 12 and 12 are separately associated with one of the inner coaxial shaft 20 and the outer coaxial shaft 22. Thus, one set of vanes is driven by one shaft and other pair of vanes is driven by the other shaft. The engine also includes an exhaust port 16 and intake port 14 asso~iated with the movement of the vanes and fixed relative to the rotary cylinder defined by the inner cylinder wall 30 and the outer cylinder wall 32.
The cycle of the vane engine is shown in Figures 3 through 6. In Figure 3, vanes 111 and 121 are shown in the compression state. In Figure 4, the vanes have been moved to an expansion state, such as would be common if this is a combustion engine and spark was introduced at the top or approximately the top of the compression cy~le shown in Figure ~ In Figure 5, the ~anes ha~e mo~ed to the lower quadrant and show the exhaust ~y~le. In this ~ase, vane 111 is accelerating toward5 vane 121 and, thu~, cau~ing the exhaust of the spent products of combustion. In Figure 6, vane 121 is accelerating away from vane 111 and defines the s~cti on st roke.
TITLE: ENGINE/PUMP WITH ECCENTRIC ELLIPTICAL GEAR MECHANISM
FIEL~ OF THE T~vENTIoN
The present invention relates to geared drive trains and in particular, geared drive trains suitable for use with a vane engine or vane pump. This geared drive train does have use in applications other than vane pumps and vane engines.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A vane engine using rotatable vanes, where the angle of separation between the vanes can vary to define the various strokes of a four-cycle combu~tion process, are known. One such vane or rotary engine is shown in United States Patent 3,203,405. A further example of such an engine is shown in United States Patent 3,730,654 where a complicated gear arrangement is used for controlling of the vanes.
Sabet United States Patent 3,203,405 uses a drive arrangement including an outer ring gear in combination with a series of elliptical gears driven around their geometric center. This gearing arrangement is preferable to the gearing arrangement of McMahon United states Patent 3,730,654, in that the elliptical gears and circular gears are easier to manufacture, however, the Sabet system is still somewhat sophisticated and the range of changing relative movement of the shafts is somewhat limited while trying to maintain a small size.
There remains a need to provide a simplified gearing arrangement for controlling of vanes in a rotary type engine or for controlling any two element~ which rotate about a center point and where the ~pacing between the elements ig to be varied with the degree of rotation.
SUMMARY OF THF INV~NTION
The present invention is directed to a particular geared drive train for coordinating the rotary motion 207727~
between two shafts relative to a common shaft. In particular, this drive train can be used for coordinating two shafts which are coaxial with each of the shafts being driven by the common shaft. The gear arrangement has essentially two elliptical drive trains with each drive train comprising two identical ellipti~al gears whi~h ea~h rotate about a focus of the elliptical gear and intermesh, such that when the gears are rotated to a position where the foci align, only one focus of the intermeshing gears are located between the shafts of rotation with the other focus therebeyond. The elliptical gears of the first shaft are out of phase with respect to one another whereby the movement of said second shafts with rotation of the common shaft is determined by the gear trains, the characteristics of the elliptical gears, and the degree the elliptical gears of the common shaft are out of phase.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the geared train is modified such that the two shafts are coaxial.
According to a further aspect of the invention, all gears of the geared drive train are the same.
According to yet a further aspect of the invention, the elliptical gears of the common shaft are keyed to the common shaft 180~ out of phase to allow use of four vanes.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, this geared drive train is used in combination with a vane combustion engine where the drive train is used to control the rotational movement of the vanes by means of the two shafts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments o~ the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 ~ross se~tion through a vane engine and drive train arrangement, Figure 2 is a vertical section through the vane engine showing each o~ the vanes;
L t ~7727~
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 show, respectively, the compression, expansion, exhaust and suction cycles of a vaned engine;
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate the elliptical gear trains; and Figure 9 i5 an expanded perspective view of the gear train.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The vaned engine, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, has a rotary cylinder and vane arrangement, generally shown as 4, in combination with a drive train arrangement for controlling of the vanes, generally shown as 6. The vanes of the engine are shown as 11 and 111 being diagonally opposite vanes and commonly attached, and associated vanes 12 and 121 also being diagonally opposed and commonly connected. The pairs of vanes 11 and 111 and 12 and 12 are separately associated with one of the inner coaxial shaft 20 and the outer coaxial shaft 22. Thus, one set of vanes is driven by one shaft and other pair of vanes is driven by the other shaft. The engine also includes an exhaust port 16 and intake port 14 asso~iated with the movement of the vanes and fixed relative to the rotary cylinder defined by the inner cylinder wall 30 and the outer cylinder wall 32.
The cycle of the vane engine is shown in Figures 3 through 6. In Figure 3, vanes 111 and 121 are shown in the compression state. In Figure 4, the vanes have been moved to an expansion state, such as would be common if this is a combustion engine and spark was introduced at the top or approximately the top of the compression cy~le shown in Figure ~ In Figure 5, the ~anes ha~e mo~ed to the lower quadrant and show the exhaust ~y~le. In this ~ase, vane 111 is accelerating toward5 vane 121 and, thu~, cau~ing the exhaust of the spent products of combustion. In Figure 6, vane 121 is accelerating away from vane 111 and defines the s~cti on st roke.
2 ~ 7 7 2 7 ~ ' WH-8574-92 - 3a -Figures 7 and 8 show photographs of elliptical gears interconnected to form two separate drive trains where the gears on the left are driven by a common shaft and the gears on the right are each d~ v ~ ~ ~ _ ~o A
. _ 207727~
coaxial shafts 20 and 22. This can be further understood with respect to a review of the exploded perspective view of Figure 9. In this case, a common shaft 18 drives the two elliptical gears 40cl and 40c2, with each of these gears being keyed to the shaft. In the preferred embodiment for dri~ing of a vane engine, these gears are identical and are keyed to the shaft 180~ out of phase.
The degree of out of phase will depend upon the desired relationship of the movement resulting when the common shaft 18 is rotated and causes sympathetic movements of shafts 20 and 22. Any degree of out of phase is possible.
Two separate drive trains are defined by a fir~t pair of elliptical gears 40cl and elliptical gear 41 with a second drive train being defined between elliptical gear 40c2 and elliptical gear 43. ~lliptical gear 41 is attached to the outer coaxial shaft 22 and elliptical gear 43 is keyed to the inner coaxial shaft 20.
Each gear train or each securement of an elliptical gear to the respective shaft is positioned such that the ellipti~al gear rotates about one of its foci. The focus of each elliptical gear is shown as 44, whereas the geometric center of the gear ls shown as 42. As shown in Figure 9, the gears are positioned such that the foci are all aligned. This will occur at this position of the ~ears as well as when the gears have rotated 180~. With the gears in this position, it can be seen that the focus of one of the two gears is located between the common shaft 18 and the respective coaxial shaft 20 or 22, and the remaining focus is located beyond the shafts. It can also ~0 be seen that ellipti~al gear 40cl and ellipti~al gear 40c2 is 180~ out of pha~e and, therefore, elliptical gears 41 and 43 will al~o be 180~ out of phase. With this arrangement, four elliptical gears have been used to control the motion of the vanes and impart the desired degree cf acceleration and deceleration. The use of the ellipse as a starting point for the drive train is desirable, in that each gear can be identic~l. The u~e of WH-857~-92 - 5 - 2~7727 ~
this shape also allows simplification of the cutting of teeth on the exterior, as each gear does not have any interior recesses which require teeth.
The exact characteristics of the ellipse can be varied to adjust the desired acceleration and deceleration of the vanes for a particular engine or pump. Although the present drive train has been described with respect to a vane engine 2, this vane engine, in fact, could be a vane pump ~orresponding to a piston type pump. In this case, the power w~uld be inputted throu~h the common ~haft 18.
In the case of an engine, the power output from the engine would be taken out common shaft 18, and because of the offsetting nature of the gears and the vane engine, the power available to the common shaft would be fairly good.
It can also be appreciated that if vibration i~ a problem, appropriate counterweighting or modifying of the gears to provide a more constant weight distribution can be used.
Although various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
. _ 207727~
coaxial shafts 20 and 22. This can be further understood with respect to a review of the exploded perspective view of Figure 9. In this case, a common shaft 18 drives the two elliptical gears 40cl and 40c2, with each of these gears being keyed to the shaft. In the preferred embodiment for dri~ing of a vane engine, these gears are identical and are keyed to the shaft 180~ out of phase.
The degree of out of phase will depend upon the desired relationship of the movement resulting when the common shaft 18 is rotated and causes sympathetic movements of shafts 20 and 22. Any degree of out of phase is possible.
Two separate drive trains are defined by a fir~t pair of elliptical gears 40cl and elliptical gear 41 with a second drive train being defined between elliptical gear 40c2 and elliptical gear 43. ~lliptical gear 41 is attached to the outer coaxial shaft 22 and elliptical gear 43 is keyed to the inner coaxial shaft 20.
Each gear train or each securement of an elliptical gear to the respective shaft is positioned such that the ellipti~al gear rotates about one of its foci. The focus of each elliptical gear is shown as 44, whereas the geometric center of the gear ls shown as 42. As shown in Figure 9, the gears are positioned such that the foci are all aligned. This will occur at this position of the ~ears as well as when the gears have rotated 180~. With the gears in this position, it can be seen that the focus of one of the two gears is located between the common shaft 18 and the respective coaxial shaft 20 or 22, and the remaining focus is located beyond the shafts. It can also ~0 be seen that ellipti~al gear 40cl and ellipti~al gear 40c2 is 180~ out of pha~e and, therefore, elliptical gears 41 and 43 will al~o be 180~ out of phase. With this arrangement, four elliptical gears have been used to control the motion of the vanes and impart the desired degree cf acceleration and deceleration. The use of the ellipse as a starting point for the drive train is desirable, in that each gear can be identic~l. The u~e of WH-857~-92 - 5 - 2~7727 ~
this shape also allows simplification of the cutting of teeth on the exterior, as each gear does not have any interior recesses which require teeth.
The exact characteristics of the ellipse can be varied to adjust the desired acceleration and deceleration of the vanes for a particular engine or pump. Although the present drive train has been described with respect to a vane engine 2, this vane engine, in fact, could be a vane pump ~orresponding to a piston type pump. In this case, the power w~uld be inputted throu~h the common ~haft 18.
In the case of an engine, the power output from the engine would be taken out common shaft 18, and because of the offsetting nature of the gears and the vane engine, the power available to the common shaft would be fairly good.
It can also be appreciated that if vibration i~ a problem, appropriate counterweighting or modifying of the gears to provide a more constant weight distribution can be used.
Although various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A pump comprising four opposed vanes divided into a first pair of vanes and second pair of vanes which rotate about a common axis within a toroidal working chamber of cylindrical cross section, each pair of vanes having a separate drive shaft and an elliptical drive train, said drive shafts being coaxial and said elliptical drive trains having a common input shaft, said elliptical drive trains being out of phase and coordinating the motion between said pairs of vanes to define a controlled acceleration and deceleration of adjacent vanes as they rotate through 360°
of rotation within said working chamber, each elliptical drive train comprising two identical intermeshing elliptical gears positioned such that one of said elliptical gears rotates about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said drive shaft and the other elliptical gear rotates about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said common shaft, the intermeshing elliptical gears of each drive train being arranged such that when the gears are rotated to a position where the foci of the gears align, one focus is located between the axes of rotation with the other focus located beyond the axes of rotation and wherein said controlled acceleration and deceleration of adjacent vanes define working phases of the pump.
of rotation within said working chamber, each elliptical drive train comprising two identical intermeshing elliptical gears positioned such that one of said elliptical gears rotates about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said drive shaft and the other elliptical gear rotates about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said common shaft, the intermeshing elliptical gears of each drive train being arranged such that when the gears are rotated to a position where the foci of the gears align, one focus is located between the axes of rotation with the other focus located beyond the axes of rotation and wherein said controlled acceleration and deceleration of adjacent vanes define working phases of the pump.
2. A pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein all elliptical gears are identical.
3. A pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said elliptical gears are about 180° out of phase.
4. A pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said elliptical gears can be replaced with different elliptical gears which are also identical to vary the controlled acceleration and deceleration of said adjacent vanes.
5. A pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the extent of which the gear trains are out of phase is adjustable to vary said acceleration and deceleration of said vanes.
6. An engine comprising four opposed vanes divided into a first pair of vanes and second pair of vanes which rotate about a common axis within a toroidal working chamber of cylindrical cross section, with each pair of vanes having a separate drive shaft and an elliptical drive train, said drive shafts being coaxial and said elliptical drive trains having a common output shaft, said elliptical drive trains being out of phase and coordinating the motion between said pairs of vanes to define a controlled acceleration and deceleration of adjacent vanes as they rotate through 360° of rotation within said working chamber and power said output shaft, each elliptical drive train comprising two identical intermeshing elliptical gears with one of said elliptical gears rotating about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said drive shaft and the other elliptical gear rotating about a focus of the elliptical gear and about the axis of said common output shaft, the intermeshing elliptical gears of each drive train being arranged such that when the gears are rotated to a position where the foci of the gears align, one focus is located between the axes of rotation with the other focus located beyond the axes of rotation and wherein said controlled acceleration and deceleration of adjacent vanes define working phases of the engine.
7. An engine as claimed in claim 6 wherein all elliptical gears are identical.
8. An engine as claimed in claim 6 or 7 wherein said elliptical gears are about 180° out of phase.
9. An engine as claimed in claim 6 or 7 wherein said elliptical gears can be replaced with different elliptical gears which are also identical to vary the controlled acceleration and deceleration of said adjacent vanes.
10. An engine as claimed in claim 6 or 7 wherein the extent of which the gear trains are out of phase is adjustable to vary said acceleration and deceleration of said vanes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002077275A CA2077275C (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Engine/pump with eccentric elliptical gear mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002077275A CA2077275C (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Engine/pump with eccentric elliptical gear mechanism |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2077275A1 CA2077275A1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
| CA2077275C true CA2077275C (en) | 1998-04-21 |
Family
ID=4150359
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002077275A Expired - Fee Related CA2077275C (en) | 1992-09-01 | 1992-09-01 | Engine/pump with eccentric elliptical gear mechanism |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2077275C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2450542C (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2011-01-04 | Anatoly Arov | Arov engine/pump |
-
1992
- 1992-09-01 CA CA002077275A patent/CA2077275C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2077275A1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |