CA2075844A1 - Electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string - Google Patents
Electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the stringInfo
- Publication number
- CA2075844A1 CA2075844A1 CA002075844A CA2075844A CA2075844A1 CA 2075844 A1 CA2075844 A1 CA 2075844A1 CA 002075844 A CA002075844 A CA 002075844A CA 2075844 A CA2075844 A CA 2075844A CA 2075844 A1 CA2075844 A1 CA 2075844A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic
- string
- vibration
- pickup
- electromagnetic pickup
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
- G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/24—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic
- G10H3/26—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument incorporating feedback means, e.g. acoustic using electric feedback
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
- G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
- G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
- G10H3/18—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a string, e.g. electric guitar
- G10H3/181—Details of pick-up assemblies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
- G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
- G10H2220/505—Dual coil electrodynamic string transducer, e.g. for humbucking, to cancel out parasitic magnetic fields
- G10H2220/515—Staggered, i.e. two coils side by side
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S84/00—Music
- Y10S84/10—Feedback
Abstract
AN ELECTRIC STRINGED INSTRUMENT HAVING A DEVICE FOR
SUSTAINING THE VIBRATION OF THE STRING
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to thereby drive the string. The electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver and placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination to each other such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other or are not produced at said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
SUSTAINING THE VIBRATION OF THE STRING
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to thereby drive the string. The electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver and placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination to each other such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other or are not produced at said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
Description
12 ~ 7 ~ FDS(~TK)~9356 /j-AN ELECTRIC STRI~GED INSTRUMENT HAVING A DEVICE FOR
SUSTAINING THE VIBR~TION OF THE STRING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric stringed instr~lment detecting the vibration of the string by an electromagnetic pickup, e.g., an electric guitar, an electric bass guitar and an electric piano, and more particularly to an electric stringed instrument having a device that drives the string by an electromagnetic driver to sustain the vîbration of the string.
A guitar or a piano differs from a violin in that after the string of a guitar or a piano is e~cited, the magnitude of the vibration of the string will become half within about a half second and die within about 7 seconds. Particularly, for example, in the case of an electric guitar, it seems that attenuation speed of the vibration of the string is shorter than that of an acoustic guitar because of the electric characteristics of an amplifier. Thus, an effector, which is a device for addin~ several sound effects, i.e., Delay, Reverb, Compressor and Overdrive, etc. to the sound o~ the guitar is often used to enable more sustained sound to be heard acoustically.
The effector using the Delay or the Reverb adds reverberations to a musical sound, and the sound is produced by recording and playing back the sound on a magnetic tape or by delaying the tone by a spring arrangement. Recently, simple electronic devices using BBD (Bucket Brigade Device) have been utilized for the Delay or the Reverb. The effector using the Compressor i~creases the amplitude of a music signal b~ an amplifier in reverse proportion to attenuation characteristics of the vibration of the string, and the Overdrive amplifies the signal beyond a permissible level so as to obtain a - 2 - ~ ~7~
long tone. A longer tone is available by using these effectors, although the effectors cannot maintain the tone after the vibration of the string has stopped.
Now, musicians investigate various sounds ancl develop the art of musical performance in ord~r to play said various sounds in response to their individual artistic impression. For example, a style using a loudspeaker feedback is one that produces the sound of a guitar at high volume so as to sustain the vibration of the string on the guitar for a long time without attenuation by way of sympathetic vibration in cooperation with aix vibration emitted from the loudspeaker. As described above, the feedback can maintain the vibration of the string for a long time, but in order to maintain the sound, the player must utilize a skilled and high-grade technique to overcome several limitations, i.e., a sound of volume, location of the amplifier, length of the strings and musical interval etc. Further, t~ere is a weak point in that the tone of the first string on the treble side, which is most significant for musical expression, cannot be easily sustained. Therefore, a device that easily sustains the vibration of the string for an extended period is in demand.
2. Description of the Prior Art Several prior arts disclose means for sustaining the vibration of the string in relation to an electric stringed instrument. For example, Patent KOKAI 52-151022 and Utility Model XOKAI 53-139836 (Both applicants are Roland ~td.) disclose such a type of an electric guitar such that the strings of the guitar are connected with an electric driving circuit mounted within the guitar, and a positive feedback current output from the circuit flows through the strings as a part of the circuit when detecting -the vibration of the strings at a pickup on the guitar and then the strings, in which the positive feedback current is flowing, vibrate in , .
~ 3 --cooperation with a magnet attached to a sllrface of the guitar. This type of guitar has no use of an electromagnetic driver that converts an electric signal into a magnetic driving force utilizing a variation of S magnetic flux corresponding to the signal and drives the metal string by the driving force. Thus, the guitar has the advantage of having no generation of so-called "magnetic feedback which is introduced by a leakage of 1u~ fed back from the electromagnetic driver to an electromagnetic pickup. The electromagnetic pickup converts a variation of magnetic flux produced by the vibration of the metal string into an electric signal, but the guitar needs an outside powder supply to provide power for the self-driving strings. ~urther it must have a strong magnet to drive the strings, in which the positive feedback current ~lows, and also the system becomes large by connecting the strings to the circuit.
Therefore, said type of electric guitar needs to be designed as an exclusive instrument, and consequentially it is not practical to manufacture it on a commercial basis.
Further, the other disclosure is described in Utility Model KOKAI 55-152597 tYAMAXA Ltd.). The pickup shown in the specification and the drawings use~ a light-emitting element and a light~intercepting element, andthus, there is no need to consider the said magnetic feedback. However, this type ol electric guitar does-not use an electromagnetic pickup as described above so that a tone generated from said guitar is diferent from the tone of an electric gui~ar having a common electromagnetic pickup.
Furthermore, United State Patent No. 4,941,388 (Hoover, et al.) discloses an arrangement that has an electromagnetic pickup and an electromagnetic driver in order to sustain vibration of the strings o~ an electric guitar without using the deformation type described above. The arrangement has an unbalancing device for i ~ -_ 4 _ 2~7~A
putting a magnetic balance between the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver out of balance so as to reduce the magnetic feedback, and as a particularly effective method, an embodiment using a shunting plate is disclosed. An electric guitar having a device for reducing the magnetic feedback by using the shunting plate is put into practical use and a device by the name of "Sustaniac" is available on the market. Ho~ever, even if the shunting plate is used a part of the magnetic feedback that cannot be completely absorbed into the shunting plate remains. In order to reduce the magnetic flux from the electromagnetic drivsr to the electromagnetic pickup as much as possible, the design of the shunting plate is limited to match magnetic characteristics precisely and an orientating winding pole pieces of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver, and further the shunting plate needs to utilize the only so-called hum-bucking pickup.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
~0 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string that has a very simple arrangement to thereby reduce the induced electromotive force introduced by magnetic flux from an electromagnetic driver to an electromagnetic pickup.
According to the present invention an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, ~hich is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against an electromagnetic driver such that induced electromotive forces caused b~ magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from the electromagnetic pickup, and the electromagnetic driver - 5 - 2O~SJ~
for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which is placed at a righ~ angle or a pxedetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
Also, according to the present invention, the electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup that is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnetic driver such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, the amplifying means, and the electromagnetic driver that i5 placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnekic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
Further, according to the present invention the electromagnetic driver has a pole piece that is placed at a right angle against said electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from an electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, and both ends of the polo pieces are formed out of permeability elements respectively, to emit magnetic flux from each permeability element in the upper or lower directions.
Furthermore, according to the present invention the electromagnetic driver has two coils and two pole pieces attached to the coils, respectively, and attains a - 6 - 2~7.~8~
difference in level between the pole pieces such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagne~ic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be more clearly understood rom the description as set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 ls a general schematic arrangement of an electric guitar having a device for sustaining the vibration of strings.
Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) are cross sectioned views of two types of electromagnetic pickups, and one is a so-called single coil type pickup in Fig. 2(a) and the other is a so-called double coil type pickup in Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) are schematic views of two fundamental principles according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention using a double coil t~pe pickup.
Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b) are schematic views of preferred embodiments of the present invention using an electromagnetic driver having permeability elements formed on both ends of a pole piece of the electromagnetic driverO
Fig. 6(a) - (b) are schematic views of preferred embodiments of the present invention using an electromagnetic driver having a difference in lev~l between ~wo pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver.
Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) show characteristic diagrams of the magnetic feedback corresponding to Fig. 3(a), (b) and Fig. 4 respectively.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of an electric guitar according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 i.s a schematic view adding implements and materials mounted on the guitar in an arrangement similar 2~3~
to Fig. 8.
Fig. 10(a) - (b) are schematic views of various arrangements of an electric guitar according -to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Before describing the preferred embodiments according to the present invention, examples of the related art are provided with reference to accompanying drawings (Fi~. 1 and Fig. 2(a), (b)).
Fig. l shows an electric g~itar that has a so-called "sustainer" G for sustaining the vibration of the string 6. In Fig. l, an electric guitar 1 has a body 2 and a neck 3 combined with the body 2. Frets 9 are placed si~e by side on the surface of the neck 3 and a head 4 is shaped at an elongated end portion of the neck 3. A plurality of pegs 5 (string winder) are attached to the hea~ 4 and each peg 5 has a structure winding up one end of the string 6 made of a metal conductive wire. The other end of the string 6 is fixed at a tailpiece 7 attached to the surface of the body 2.
8 is an electromagnetic pickup. There are two t~pes of typical pickups 8 as shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 2(a) is a so-called single coil type pickup that comprises pole pieces 10 made of a magnetic body i.e. a permanent magnet, a coil 11 wound up around the pole pieces 10 and cover 12. On the other hand Fig. 2(b) is a so-called double coil type pickup or a hum-bucking pickup that comprises two pole pieces 13 facing each other and is made of a pair of magnetic bodi.es i.e. a ferromagnetic material (~ig. 2(b~ shows an example of a so-called bar type pole-piece.), coils 14 wound up around each pole piece 13 and a permanent magnet 15 combined magnetically with each pole piece 13. An induced electromotive force generated at both ends of the coil 11, 14 of the electromagnetic pickup 8 is produced by a variation of magnetic flux penetrating through the inside of the circumference of the coil 11, 14. The ' ' - 8 ~ 8 ~l~
vibration of the conduc-tive metal string 6 in the magnetic field causes a change in magnetic reluctance in the neighborhood of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and thereby the magne-tic flux density inside of the circumference of the coil 11, 14 varies in response to the vibration and an electric signal as the induced electromotive force is produced.
~ signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is applied to a guitar amplifier 20 and the guitar ampliier 20 outputs a loud sound. On the other hand, the signal detected in the electromagnetic pickup 8 is also applied to a sustainer G. The sustainer G comprises the electromagnetic pickup 8, an amplifier 18 and an electromagnetic driver 17. A signal of the vibration of the string 6 detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is applied to the amplifier 18 within the guitar body 2 and the amplified signal is applied to the electromagnetic driver 17. The electromagnetic driver 17 basically uses the inverse of the principle of the electromagnetic pickup 8. The electric signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is amplified by -the amplifier 18, and provided with an electromagnetic transducer, i.e. the electromagnetic driver 17 has the same structure as the electromagnetic pickup 8 shown in Fig. 2(a) or Fig. 2(b) and causes vibration of the string 6 by the flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17. However, the coil portion of the electromagnetic driver 17 is not the same as the electromagnetic pickup 8 because the electromagnetic driver 17 needs a lot of power to obtain signi~icant flux and thereby drive the string 6. Accordingly the coil of the electromagnetic dxiver 17 uses a copper wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm bigger than the electromagnetic pickup 8's and the wire is wound about 200 turns, therefore the electromagnetic driver 17 has small electric resistance, about 7 ohms, and low power-loss characteristics.
, ' ~, .
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~ owever, the arrangement driving the string 6 by the electromagnetic driver 17 using the amplified signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 has a problem in that it causes the so-called magnetic feedback effect.
The magnetic feedback produces a needless induced electromotive force and the induced electromotive force at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is generated by feedback flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17, which emits st~ong flux in the neighborhood of the string 6 in order to driver the string 6. Further, there is another problems in that the magnetic feedback causes noise to occur in the higher harmonics region, namely 1,000 -20,0U0 Hz, out of a fundamen-tal vibration of the string 6.
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) show a schemati.c view of a fundamental principle of operation of a sustainer G for sustaining the vibration of the string 6, which is a main portion of the present invention. In Fig. 3(a), the single coil type pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8, and the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic pickup 8. Also, in Fig. 3(b) the single coil type pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8, and the electromagnetic pickup 8 is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic driver 17.
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) illustrate magnetic lines of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 only as shown by a dotted line, in order to clarify the concept of the invention in relation to the magnetic feedback.
Accordingly, the magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic pickup 8 is not shown.
In Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), an electric signal of the vibration of the string 6 detected by the electromagnetic pickup 8 is amplified by the amplifier 18 and then applied to the electromagnetic driver 17. The electromagnetic driver 17 emits a strong magnetic line of - lo 2~
~orce in the air to dxive the string 6. If the electromagnetic pickup 8 detects the magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17, a positive feedback loop is formed through the electromagnetic pickup 8, the amplifier 18 and the electromagnetic driver 17, and the positive feedback loop causes noises and an oscillation within the loop, as described above.
Therefore, accorcling to the present invention, mutual orientation of disposition between the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 is determined such tha-t induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17 negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup 8 as shown in Fig. 3(a), or such that induced electromotive forces are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup 8 as shown in Fi~. 3(b).
In Fig. 3(a), the incident magnetic flux in the electromagnetic pickup 8 penetrates the upper and a lower ends of tha pole piece 10 evenl~ and in the opposite direction, and the induced electromotive force in the upper half portion of the coil 11 negates the opposite induced electromotive force in the lower half portion of the coil 11 so that the total induced electromotive force in the electromagnetic pickup 8 becomes substantially zero and the magnetic feedback decreases remarkably. An arrangement forming a difference in level between two pole pieces of the double coil t~pe pickup has ~he same effect as described above. In Fig. 3(b), there is no generation of the induced electromotive force because there is no magnetic flux penetrating the inside of the circumference of the coil 11.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram indicating the case that the double coils t~pe pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8. In this caser the radiation pattern (shown b~
a dotted line) of a magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 is different from the radi.ation 11 - 2~7~
pattern of the single coil type pickup ~Fig. 3) so that the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at an angle of about 45 degree against the electromagnetic pickup 8, thereb~ causing the induced electromotive forces as a result of magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver 17 to negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup 8 as well, as in Fig. 3(a) and thè total induced electromotive force becomes substantially ~ero in the electromagnetic pickup 8.
Also, by placing any one or both of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and ~he electromagnetic pickup 8 at an angle of such inclination that the upper ends of the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 adjacent to the string 6 are in directions opposite each other, it is possible to reduce the magnetic combination between the upper ends in inverse proportion to the`square of a distance between the upper ends.
Further, by having an adjusting means for setting up an angle of inclination of the electromagnetic driver 17 using a rotary mechanism in order to adjust an emitting or an incident magnetic flux from the upper and lower ends of the pole pieces 13, it is possible to adjust the volume of the magnetic feedback in consideration of the total magnetic field of the guitar i.n the metal components thereof i.e. the Tremolo device and neck frets etc. mounted on the guitar.
Fig. 5(a) indicates the case that permeability elements emitting magnetic flux in up and down directions are attached to both ends of the electromagnetic driver 17 as in Fig. 3(a), respectively~ and a magn~tic field similar to that of the single coil type pickup is produced. Also, the electromagnetic driver 17 of Fig. 3(b) is formed by making the electromagnetic driver 17 of Fig. 3(a) a double coil type pickup, and only a center permeabili-ty element of the three permeability elements 28 has a different polarity from 12 2 ~ 7 ~ 8 ~ ~
the other elements.
Fig. 6(a) - 6(d) is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the electromagnetic driver according to the present invention that uses a double coil type pickup as the electromagnetic driver 17 and has a difference in level between two pole pieces. The difference in level between the two pole pieces causes a magnetic field similar to the magnetic field produced by placing a double coil type pickup of Fig. ~ at an angle of inclination, and then the difference in level produces the same effect as reducing the induced electromotive force as in Fig. 4. Fig. 6(d) is an embodiment of an adjusting means for the difference in level between the two pole pieces lO of the electromagnetic driver 17. By adjusting an emitting or an incident magnetic flux from the upper and lower ends of the pole pieces 10, 13, it is possible to adjust the volume of the magnetic feedback in consideration of the total magnetic field as described above. The adjusting means may be able to adjust the difference in level of the pole pieces 10, 13.
Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) are characteristic diagrams of the magnetic feedbask of Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. (4). Each characteristic of Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) corresponds to Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 4 respectively. In Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b), ~ is an angle of mutual inclination between the direction of magnetic poles of the elec-tromagnetic driver 17 and the - electromagnetic pickup 8. a=o designates that both directions are parallel (the up and down direction in Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 4). Any one of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and electromagnetic pickup 8 are fi~ed at a=o and other is turned around the center aY.is of the electromagnetic driver 17 or the electromagnetic pickup 8. A sign "+" designates a clockwise rotation and a sign "-" designates an inverse clockwise rotation. Vf is an induced voltage o both ends of the coil 14 of the electromagnetic pickup 8 - 13 - 2~
corresponding to the angle of inclination a when a 1,500 Hz sine wave having 6 Vp-p provides the electromagnetic driver ]7.
In Fig. 7(a), the magnetic feedback is minimized by negating the induced electromotive force on each other when the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at a right angle (~90 or -90) against the electromagnetic pickup 8. ~150, the magnetic feedback is minimized by generating no induced electromotive force when the electromagnetic pickup 8 is placed at a right angle (+90 or -90) against the electromagnetic driver 17.
In Fig. 7(b), there are two points minimizing the magnetic feedback at the angles of about ~= +45 and -45. Practically, as described above, the angle ~ is selected to place any one or both of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and electromagnetic pickup 8 at an angle of such inclination that the upper ends of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 adjacent to the string 6 are in directions opposite each other.
The present invention will be more clearly understood from the brief description of embodiments applying the present invention to an electric guitar as set forth below with reference to the accompanying ~5 drawings of Fig. 8 r Fig. 9 and Fig. lO(a) - (d).
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of an electric guitar according to the present invention that uses the double coil type pickup 8 and driver 17 as well as the double coil type pickup in Fig. 2(b). Considering the characteristics in Fig. 7~b), the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at an angle of such inclination that the uppex end o~ the electromagnetic driver 17 adjacent to the string 6 is apart from the electromagnetic pickup 8.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an arrangement of the electric guitar according to the present invention depicting the arrangement more briefly by adding 2 ~ 7 ~
components mounted on the guitar i.e. a conductive string 6, a metal Tremolo device 22, a metal spring 23 and a metal plate 21 supporting the neck 3 etc. In this case, the magnetic field in relation to the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 is strained by the components. It is preferable to dispose the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 close to the string 6 as much as possible and dispose the electromagnetic driver 17 and electxomagnetic pickup 8 such that an emitting or an incident m~gnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 penetrates the upper half and the lower half of the electromagnetic pickup 8 evenly. In such a case, it has been found experimentally that the magnetic feedback is minimized at about ~=45.
Also, as an example of an adjusting means for an angle of inclination of the electromagnetic driver 17 in Fig. 9 an adjusting bolt 25 and a rotary mechanism 24 are used. The adjusting means 24, 25 varies the ratio of the induced electromotive force generated at each end of the pole piece of the electromagnetic pickup 8, thereby making it possible to absorb the characteristic dispersion when manufacturing the guitar 1 and it provides a great deal of freedom of design of the guitar as described above. The adjusting means may have an other mechanism for varying said ~ instead of the adjusting bolt 25 and the rotary mechanism 24.
Fig. lO(a) - (d) are schematic views of several arrangements of the electric guitar according to -the present inventionO In Fig. lO(a), the electromagnetic pickup 8 using a single coil t~pe pickup is placed at a predetermined angle of inclination. In Fig. lO(b), the electromagnetic driver 17 using a single coil type pickup is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic pickup 8. Fig. lO(c) and Fig. lO(d) show examples of con~inations of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 as well as Fig. lO(a) and 2 ~
Fig. lO(b). Also, in Fig. lO~a) - (d), it may be possible to use the magnetic driver having said permeability elements or said difference in level between the pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver 17.
Further, both the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 may be placed at a predetermined angle of inclination. Although, in each embodiment described above, the upper ends of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and electromagnetic driver 17 are brought into a separating relationship, the upper ends may be brought into closer relationship. Also, in the embodiments, the predetermined angle of inclination is about 90 or 45, but the angle may be determined so as to minimize the induced electromotive force as far as existence of the metal componen~.s mounted on the guitar are concerned.
As described above, an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to the present invention can reduce noises and oscillation etc. produced by the magnetic feedback by way of a very simple arrangement that places each direction of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver at a right angle or an angle of mutual inclination. Also, it is possible to increase the driving force of the string by using the permeability elements on both ends of a pole piece of the electromagnetic driver, which enables the portion emitting flu~ to be closer to the string. Furthermorer the double coil type pickup as shown in Fig. 5(b) can reduce leakage flux from the electromagnetic driver to the electromagnetic pickup by negating flux emitted from each coil xespectively so that the magnetic feedback is reduced.
Further, by way of an arrangement of the present invention that negates the induced electromotive force onto each other or causes no induced electromotive force, there is no distance between the electromagnetic pickup - 16 - 2~7.3~ 4 and electromagnetic driver in relation to the magnetic feedback. Consequentially it is very effective to arrange some components in a narrow region such a guitar.
So far, only a double coil type pickup can be used to converge magnetic flux to a maximum, whereas according to the present invention it is possible to use a single coil -type pickup so that the variety of the type of pickup used is greatly increased.
Further, according to the present invention it is possible to easily adjust the ratio between the induced electromotive force generated at one end of the electromagnetic pickup and the inverse induced electromotive force generated at the other end of the electromagnetic pickup, by adjusting the mutual angle of inclination between the pole directions of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver, or by adjusting the difference in le~el between the two pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver. Thereby, it becomes very easy to design and manufacture an electric guitar having a sustainer thereby reducting the magnetic feedback involving components mounted on the guitar, which is a great advantage.
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SUSTAINING THE VIBR~TION OF THE STRING
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric stringed instr~lment detecting the vibration of the string by an electromagnetic pickup, e.g., an electric guitar, an electric bass guitar and an electric piano, and more particularly to an electric stringed instrument having a device that drives the string by an electromagnetic driver to sustain the vîbration of the string.
A guitar or a piano differs from a violin in that after the string of a guitar or a piano is e~cited, the magnitude of the vibration of the string will become half within about a half second and die within about 7 seconds. Particularly, for example, in the case of an electric guitar, it seems that attenuation speed of the vibration of the string is shorter than that of an acoustic guitar because of the electric characteristics of an amplifier. Thus, an effector, which is a device for addin~ several sound effects, i.e., Delay, Reverb, Compressor and Overdrive, etc. to the sound o~ the guitar is often used to enable more sustained sound to be heard acoustically.
The effector using the Delay or the Reverb adds reverberations to a musical sound, and the sound is produced by recording and playing back the sound on a magnetic tape or by delaying the tone by a spring arrangement. Recently, simple electronic devices using BBD (Bucket Brigade Device) have been utilized for the Delay or the Reverb. The effector using the Compressor i~creases the amplitude of a music signal b~ an amplifier in reverse proportion to attenuation characteristics of the vibration of the string, and the Overdrive amplifies the signal beyond a permissible level so as to obtain a - 2 - ~ ~7~
long tone. A longer tone is available by using these effectors, although the effectors cannot maintain the tone after the vibration of the string has stopped.
Now, musicians investigate various sounds ancl develop the art of musical performance in ord~r to play said various sounds in response to their individual artistic impression. For example, a style using a loudspeaker feedback is one that produces the sound of a guitar at high volume so as to sustain the vibration of the string on the guitar for a long time without attenuation by way of sympathetic vibration in cooperation with aix vibration emitted from the loudspeaker. As described above, the feedback can maintain the vibration of the string for a long time, but in order to maintain the sound, the player must utilize a skilled and high-grade technique to overcome several limitations, i.e., a sound of volume, location of the amplifier, length of the strings and musical interval etc. Further, t~ere is a weak point in that the tone of the first string on the treble side, which is most significant for musical expression, cannot be easily sustained. Therefore, a device that easily sustains the vibration of the string for an extended period is in demand.
2. Description of the Prior Art Several prior arts disclose means for sustaining the vibration of the string in relation to an electric stringed instrument. For example, Patent KOKAI 52-151022 and Utility Model XOKAI 53-139836 (Both applicants are Roland ~td.) disclose such a type of an electric guitar such that the strings of the guitar are connected with an electric driving circuit mounted within the guitar, and a positive feedback current output from the circuit flows through the strings as a part of the circuit when detecting -the vibration of the strings at a pickup on the guitar and then the strings, in which the positive feedback current is flowing, vibrate in , .
~ 3 --cooperation with a magnet attached to a sllrface of the guitar. This type of guitar has no use of an electromagnetic driver that converts an electric signal into a magnetic driving force utilizing a variation of S magnetic flux corresponding to the signal and drives the metal string by the driving force. Thus, the guitar has the advantage of having no generation of so-called "magnetic feedback which is introduced by a leakage of 1u~ fed back from the electromagnetic driver to an electromagnetic pickup. The electromagnetic pickup converts a variation of magnetic flux produced by the vibration of the metal string into an electric signal, but the guitar needs an outside powder supply to provide power for the self-driving strings. ~urther it must have a strong magnet to drive the strings, in which the positive feedback current ~lows, and also the system becomes large by connecting the strings to the circuit.
Therefore, said type of electric guitar needs to be designed as an exclusive instrument, and consequentially it is not practical to manufacture it on a commercial basis.
Further, the other disclosure is described in Utility Model KOKAI 55-152597 tYAMAXA Ltd.). The pickup shown in the specification and the drawings use~ a light-emitting element and a light~intercepting element, andthus, there is no need to consider the said magnetic feedback. However, this type ol electric guitar does-not use an electromagnetic pickup as described above so that a tone generated from said guitar is diferent from the tone of an electric gui~ar having a common electromagnetic pickup.
Furthermore, United State Patent No. 4,941,388 (Hoover, et al.) discloses an arrangement that has an electromagnetic pickup and an electromagnetic driver in order to sustain vibration of the strings o~ an electric guitar without using the deformation type described above. The arrangement has an unbalancing device for i ~ -_ 4 _ 2~7~A
putting a magnetic balance between the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver out of balance so as to reduce the magnetic feedback, and as a particularly effective method, an embodiment using a shunting plate is disclosed. An electric guitar having a device for reducing the magnetic feedback by using the shunting plate is put into practical use and a device by the name of "Sustaniac" is available on the market. Ho~ever, even if the shunting plate is used a part of the magnetic feedback that cannot be completely absorbed into the shunting plate remains. In order to reduce the magnetic flux from the electromagnetic drivsr to the electromagnetic pickup as much as possible, the design of the shunting plate is limited to match magnetic characteristics precisely and an orientating winding pole pieces of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver, and further the shunting plate needs to utilize the only so-called hum-bucking pickup.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
~0 The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string that has a very simple arrangement to thereby reduce the induced electromotive force introduced by magnetic flux from an electromagnetic driver to an electromagnetic pickup.
According to the present invention an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, ~hich is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against an electromagnetic driver such that induced electromotive forces caused b~ magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from the electromagnetic pickup, and the electromagnetic driver - 5 - 2O~SJ~
for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which is placed at a righ~ angle or a pxedetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
Also, according to the present invention, the electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string comprises an electromagnetic pickup that is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnetic driver such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, the amplifying means, and the electromagnetic driver that i5 placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against the electromagnekic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
Further, according to the present invention the electromagnetic driver has a pole piece that is placed at a right angle against said electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from an electromagnetic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, and both ends of the polo pieces are formed out of permeability elements respectively, to emit magnetic flux from each permeability element in the upper or lower directions.
Furthermore, according to the present invention the electromagnetic driver has two coils and two pole pieces attached to the coils, respectively, and attains a - 6 - 2~7.~8~
difference in level between the pole pieces such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from the electromagne~ic driver negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be more clearly understood rom the description as set forth below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 ls a general schematic arrangement of an electric guitar having a device for sustaining the vibration of strings.
Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b) are cross sectioned views of two types of electromagnetic pickups, and one is a so-called single coil type pickup in Fig. 2(a) and the other is a so-called double coil type pickup in Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) are schematic views of two fundamental principles according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention using a double coil t~pe pickup.
Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b) are schematic views of preferred embodiments of the present invention using an electromagnetic driver having permeability elements formed on both ends of a pole piece of the electromagnetic driverO
Fig. 6(a) - (b) are schematic views of preferred embodiments of the present invention using an electromagnetic driver having a difference in lev~l between ~wo pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver.
Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) show characteristic diagrams of the magnetic feedback corresponding to Fig. 3(a), (b) and Fig. 4 respectively.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of an electric guitar according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 i.s a schematic view adding implements and materials mounted on the guitar in an arrangement similar 2~3~
to Fig. 8.
Fig. 10(a) - (b) are schematic views of various arrangements of an electric guitar according -to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Before describing the preferred embodiments according to the present invention, examples of the related art are provided with reference to accompanying drawings (Fi~. 1 and Fig. 2(a), (b)).
Fig. l shows an electric g~itar that has a so-called "sustainer" G for sustaining the vibration of the string 6. In Fig. l, an electric guitar 1 has a body 2 and a neck 3 combined with the body 2. Frets 9 are placed si~e by side on the surface of the neck 3 and a head 4 is shaped at an elongated end portion of the neck 3. A plurality of pegs 5 (string winder) are attached to the hea~ 4 and each peg 5 has a structure winding up one end of the string 6 made of a metal conductive wire. The other end of the string 6 is fixed at a tailpiece 7 attached to the surface of the body 2.
8 is an electromagnetic pickup. There are two t~pes of typical pickups 8 as shown in Fig. 2(a) and Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 2(a) is a so-called single coil type pickup that comprises pole pieces 10 made of a magnetic body i.e. a permanent magnet, a coil 11 wound up around the pole pieces 10 and cover 12. On the other hand Fig. 2(b) is a so-called double coil type pickup or a hum-bucking pickup that comprises two pole pieces 13 facing each other and is made of a pair of magnetic bodi.es i.e. a ferromagnetic material (~ig. 2(b~ shows an example of a so-called bar type pole-piece.), coils 14 wound up around each pole piece 13 and a permanent magnet 15 combined magnetically with each pole piece 13. An induced electromotive force generated at both ends of the coil 11, 14 of the electromagnetic pickup 8 is produced by a variation of magnetic flux penetrating through the inside of the circumference of the coil 11, 14. The ' ' - 8 ~ 8 ~l~
vibration of the conduc-tive metal string 6 in the magnetic field causes a change in magnetic reluctance in the neighborhood of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and thereby the magne-tic flux density inside of the circumference of the coil 11, 14 varies in response to the vibration and an electric signal as the induced electromotive force is produced.
~ signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is applied to a guitar amplifier 20 and the guitar ampliier 20 outputs a loud sound. On the other hand, the signal detected in the electromagnetic pickup 8 is also applied to a sustainer G. The sustainer G comprises the electromagnetic pickup 8, an amplifier 18 and an electromagnetic driver 17. A signal of the vibration of the string 6 detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is applied to the amplifier 18 within the guitar body 2 and the amplified signal is applied to the electromagnetic driver 17. The electromagnetic driver 17 basically uses the inverse of the principle of the electromagnetic pickup 8. The electric signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is amplified by -the amplifier 18, and provided with an electromagnetic transducer, i.e. the electromagnetic driver 17 has the same structure as the electromagnetic pickup 8 shown in Fig. 2(a) or Fig. 2(b) and causes vibration of the string 6 by the flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17. However, the coil portion of the electromagnetic driver 17 is not the same as the electromagnetic pickup 8 because the electromagnetic driver 17 needs a lot of power to obtain signi~icant flux and thereby drive the string 6. Accordingly the coil of the electromagnetic dxiver 17 uses a copper wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm bigger than the electromagnetic pickup 8's and the wire is wound about 200 turns, therefore the electromagnetic driver 17 has small electric resistance, about 7 ohms, and low power-loss characteristics.
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~ owever, the arrangement driving the string 6 by the electromagnetic driver 17 using the amplified signal detected at the electromagnetic pickup 8 has a problem in that it causes the so-called magnetic feedback effect.
The magnetic feedback produces a needless induced electromotive force and the induced electromotive force at the electromagnetic pickup 8 is generated by feedback flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17, which emits st~ong flux in the neighborhood of the string 6 in order to driver the string 6. Further, there is another problems in that the magnetic feedback causes noise to occur in the higher harmonics region, namely 1,000 -20,0U0 Hz, out of a fundamen-tal vibration of the string 6.
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) show a schemati.c view of a fundamental principle of operation of a sustainer G for sustaining the vibration of the string 6, which is a main portion of the present invention. In Fig. 3(a), the single coil type pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8, and the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic pickup 8. Also, in Fig. 3(b) the single coil type pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8, and the electromagnetic pickup 8 is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic driver 17.
Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) illustrate magnetic lines of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 only as shown by a dotted line, in order to clarify the concept of the invention in relation to the magnetic feedback.
Accordingly, the magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic pickup 8 is not shown.
In Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b), an electric signal of the vibration of the string 6 detected by the electromagnetic pickup 8 is amplified by the amplifier 18 and then applied to the electromagnetic driver 17. The electromagnetic driver 17 emits a strong magnetic line of - lo 2~
~orce in the air to dxive the string 6. If the electromagnetic pickup 8 detects the magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17, a positive feedback loop is formed through the electromagnetic pickup 8, the amplifier 18 and the electromagnetic driver 17, and the positive feedback loop causes noises and an oscillation within the loop, as described above.
Therefore, accorcling to the present invention, mutual orientation of disposition between the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 is determined such tha-t induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux emitted from the electromagnetic driver 17 negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup 8 as shown in Fig. 3(a), or such that induced electromotive forces are not produced at the electromagnetic pickup 8 as shown in Fi~. 3(b).
In Fig. 3(a), the incident magnetic flux in the electromagnetic pickup 8 penetrates the upper and a lower ends of tha pole piece 10 evenl~ and in the opposite direction, and the induced electromotive force in the upper half portion of the coil 11 negates the opposite induced electromotive force in the lower half portion of the coil 11 so that the total induced electromotive force in the electromagnetic pickup 8 becomes substantially zero and the magnetic feedback decreases remarkably. An arrangement forming a difference in level between two pole pieces of the double coil t~pe pickup has ~he same effect as described above. In Fig. 3(b), there is no generation of the induced electromotive force because there is no magnetic flux penetrating the inside of the circumference of the coil 11.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram indicating the case that the double coils t~pe pickup is used as the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8. In this caser the radiation pattern (shown b~
a dotted line) of a magnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 is different from the radi.ation 11 - 2~7~
pattern of the single coil type pickup ~Fig. 3) so that the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at an angle of about 45 degree against the electromagnetic pickup 8, thereb~ causing the induced electromotive forces as a result of magnetic flux from the electromagnetic driver 17 to negate each other in the electromagnetic pickup 8 as well, as in Fig. 3(a) and thè total induced electromotive force becomes substantially ~ero in the electromagnetic pickup 8.
Also, by placing any one or both of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and ~he electromagnetic pickup 8 at an angle of such inclination that the upper ends of the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 adjacent to the string 6 are in directions opposite each other, it is possible to reduce the magnetic combination between the upper ends in inverse proportion to the`square of a distance between the upper ends.
Further, by having an adjusting means for setting up an angle of inclination of the electromagnetic driver 17 using a rotary mechanism in order to adjust an emitting or an incident magnetic flux from the upper and lower ends of the pole pieces 13, it is possible to adjust the volume of the magnetic feedback in consideration of the total magnetic field of the guitar i.n the metal components thereof i.e. the Tremolo device and neck frets etc. mounted on the guitar.
Fig. 5(a) indicates the case that permeability elements emitting magnetic flux in up and down directions are attached to both ends of the electromagnetic driver 17 as in Fig. 3(a), respectively~ and a magn~tic field similar to that of the single coil type pickup is produced. Also, the electromagnetic driver 17 of Fig. 3(b) is formed by making the electromagnetic driver 17 of Fig. 3(a) a double coil type pickup, and only a center permeabili-ty element of the three permeability elements 28 has a different polarity from 12 2 ~ 7 ~ 8 ~ ~
the other elements.
Fig. 6(a) - 6(d) is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the electromagnetic driver according to the present invention that uses a double coil type pickup as the electromagnetic driver 17 and has a difference in level between two pole pieces. The difference in level between the two pole pieces causes a magnetic field similar to the magnetic field produced by placing a double coil type pickup of Fig. ~ at an angle of inclination, and then the difference in level produces the same effect as reducing the induced electromotive force as in Fig. 4. Fig. 6(d) is an embodiment of an adjusting means for the difference in level between the two pole pieces lO of the electromagnetic driver 17. By adjusting an emitting or an incident magnetic flux from the upper and lower ends of the pole pieces 10, 13, it is possible to adjust the volume of the magnetic feedback in consideration of the total magnetic field as described above. The adjusting means may be able to adjust the difference in level of the pole pieces 10, 13.
Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) are characteristic diagrams of the magnetic feedbask of Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. (4). Each characteristic of Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b) corresponds to Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 4 respectively. In Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b), ~ is an angle of mutual inclination between the direction of magnetic poles of the elec-tromagnetic driver 17 and the - electromagnetic pickup 8. a=o designates that both directions are parallel (the up and down direction in Fig. 3(a), Fig. 3(b) and Fig. 4). Any one of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and electromagnetic pickup 8 are fi~ed at a=o and other is turned around the center aY.is of the electromagnetic driver 17 or the electromagnetic pickup 8. A sign "+" designates a clockwise rotation and a sign "-" designates an inverse clockwise rotation. Vf is an induced voltage o both ends of the coil 14 of the electromagnetic pickup 8 - 13 - 2~
corresponding to the angle of inclination a when a 1,500 Hz sine wave having 6 Vp-p provides the electromagnetic driver ]7.
In Fig. 7(a), the magnetic feedback is minimized by negating the induced electromotive force on each other when the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at a right angle (~90 or -90) against the electromagnetic pickup 8. ~150, the magnetic feedback is minimized by generating no induced electromotive force when the electromagnetic pickup 8 is placed at a right angle (+90 or -90) against the electromagnetic driver 17.
In Fig. 7(b), there are two points minimizing the magnetic feedback at the angles of about ~= +45 and -45. Practically, as described above, the angle ~ is selected to place any one or both of the electromagnetic drivers 17 and electromagnetic pickup 8 at an angle of such inclination that the upper ends of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 adjacent to the string 6 are in directions opposite each other.
The present invention will be more clearly understood from the brief description of embodiments applying the present invention to an electric guitar as set forth below with reference to the accompanying ~5 drawings of Fig. 8 r Fig. 9 and Fig. lO(a) - (d).
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an arrangement of an electric guitar according to the present invention that uses the double coil type pickup 8 and driver 17 as well as the double coil type pickup in Fig. 2(b). Considering the characteristics in Fig. 7~b), the electromagnetic driver 17 is placed at an angle of such inclination that the uppex end o~ the electromagnetic driver 17 adjacent to the string 6 is apart from the electromagnetic pickup 8.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of an arrangement of the electric guitar according to the present invention depicting the arrangement more briefly by adding 2 ~ 7 ~
components mounted on the guitar i.e. a conductive string 6, a metal Tremolo device 22, a metal spring 23 and a metal plate 21 supporting the neck 3 etc. In this case, the magnetic field in relation to the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 is strained by the components. It is preferable to dispose the electromagnetic driver 17 and the electromagnetic pickup 8 close to the string 6 as much as possible and dispose the electromagnetic driver 17 and electxomagnetic pickup 8 such that an emitting or an incident m~gnetic line of force from the electromagnetic driver 17 penetrates the upper half and the lower half of the electromagnetic pickup 8 evenly. In such a case, it has been found experimentally that the magnetic feedback is minimized at about ~=45.
Also, as an example of an adjusting means for an angle of inclination of the electromagnetic driver 17 in Fig. 9 an adjusting bolt 25 and a rotary mechanism 24 are used. The adjusting means 24, 25 varies the ratio of the induced electromotive force generated at each end of the pole piece of the electromagnetic pickup 8, thereby making it possible to absorb the characteristic dispersion when manufacturing the guitar 1 and it provides a great deal of freedom of design of the guitar as described above. The adjusting means may have an other mechanism for varying said ~ instead of the adjusting bolt 25 and the rotary mechanism 24.
Fig. lO(a) - (d) are schematic views of several arrangements of the electric guitar according to -the present inventionO In Fig. lO(a), the electromagnetic pickup 8 using a single coil t~pe pickup is placed at a predetermined angle of inclination. In Fig. lO(b), the electromagnetic driver 17 using a single coil type pickup is placed at a right angle against the electromagnetic pickup 8. Fig. lO(c) and Fig. lO(d) show examples of con~inations of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 as well as Fig. lO(a) and 2 ~
Fig. lO(b). Also, in Fig. lO~a) - (d), it may be possible to use the magnetic driver having said permeability elements or said difference in level between the pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver 17.
Further, both the electromagnetic pickup 8 and the electromagnetic driver 17 may be placed at a predetermined angle of inclination. Although, in each embodiment described above, the upper ends of the electromagnetic pickup 8 and electromagnetic driver 17 are brought into a separating relationship, the upper ends may be brought into closer relationship. Also, in the embodiments, the predetermined angle of inclination is about 90 or 45, but the angle may be determined so as to minimize the induced electromotive force as far as existence of the metal componen~.s mounted on the guitar are concerned.
As described above, an electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to the present invention can reduce noises and oscillation etc. produced by the magnetic feedback by way of a very simple arrangement that places each direction of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver at a right angle or an angle of mutual inclination. Also, it is possible to increase the driving force of the string by using the permeability elements on both ends of a pole piece of the electromagnetic driver, which enables the portion emitting flu~ to be closer to the string. Furthermorer the double coil type pickup as shown in Fig. 5(b) can reduce leakage flux from the electromagnetic driver to the electromagnetic pickup by negating flux emitted from each coil xespectively so that the magnetic feedback is reduced.
Further, by way of an arrangement of the present invention that negates the induced electromotive force onto each other or causes no induced electromotive force, there is no distance between the electromagnetic pickup - 16 - 2~7.3~ 4 and electromagnetic driver in relation to the magnetic feedback. Consequentially it is very effective to arrange some components in a narrow region such a guitar.
So far, only a double coil type pickup can be used to converge magnetic flux to a maximum, whereas according to the present invention it is possible to use a single coil -type pickup so that the variety of the type of pickup used is greatly increased.
Further, according to the present invention it is possible to easily adjust the ratio between the induced electromotive force generated at one end of the electromagnetic pickup and the inverse induced electromotive force generated at the other end of the electromagnetic pickup, by adjusting the mutual angle of inclination between the pole directions of the electromagnetic pickup and the electromagnetic driver, or by adjusting the difference in le~el between the two pole pieces of the electromagnetic driver. Thereby, it becomes very easy to design and manufacture an electric guitar having a sustainer thereby reducting the magnetic feedback involving components mounted on the guitar, which is a great advantage.
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Claims (11)
1. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string, comprising an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, which is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against an electromagnetic driver such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other in said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from said electromagnetic pickup, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against said electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other in said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
2. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string, comprising an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, which is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against an electromagnetic driver such that an induced electromotive force caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver is not produced at said electromagnetic pickup, thereby reducing the magnetic feedback, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from said electromagnetic pickup, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which is placed at a right angle or a predetermined angle of inclination against said electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive force caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver is not produced at said electromagnetic pickup, thereby reducing the magnetic feedback.
3. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string, comprising an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, which is placed at a right angle against a pole piece of an electromagnetic driver such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other in said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from said electromagnetic pickup, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which has said pole piece placed at a right angle against said electromagnetic pickup such that the induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other at said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback, and both ends of said pole piece are formed out of permeability elements, respectively, to emit magnetic flux from said permeability elements in upper or lower directions.
4. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string, comprising an electromagnetic pickup for converting the vibration of the string to an electric signal, amplifying means for amplifying said electric signal from said electromagnetic pickup, and an electromagnetic driver for converting said amplified signal to a driving force to drive the string, which has two pole pieces and two coils wound around said pole pieces respectively and forms a difference in level between said pole pieces such that induced electromotive forces caused by magnetic flux from said electromagnetic driver negate each other in said electromagnetic pickup to thereby reduce the magnetic feedback.
5. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said predetermined angle of inclination is set up in such a direction that the top ends of the pole pieces of said electromagnetic pickup and said electromagnetic driver adjacent to the string are brought into a separating relationship.
6. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said predetermined angle of inclination is about 45 degrees.
7. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 5 wherein said predetermined angle of inclination is about 45 degrees.
8. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 3 wherein difference in level between said permeability elements formed on both ends of said pole piece or said permeability elements are not the same.
9. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein there is further included a means for adjusting said predetermined angle of inclination, which has a rotating mechanism to set up an orientation of said electromagnetic driver against said electromagnetic pickup and minimize the magnetic feedback.
10. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 5 wherein there is further included a means for adjusting said predetermined angle of inclination, which has a rotating mechanism to set up an orientation of said electromagnetic driver against said electromagnetic pickup and minimize the magnetic feedback.
11. An electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string according to claim 4 wherein there is further included an adjusting means for setting up said difference in level between said pole pieces of said electromagnetic driver and minimizing the magnetic feedback.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3-204331 | 1991-08-14 | ||
| JP20433191A JP3233659B2 (en) | 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-14 | Electric stringed musical instrument with string vibration sustaining device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2075844A1 true CA2075844A1 (en) | 1993-02-15 |
Family
ID=16488729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002075844A Abandoned CA2075844A1 (en) | 1991-08-14 | 1992-08-12 | Electric stringed instrument having a device for sustaining the vibration of the string |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5292999A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0527654A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3233659B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960011149B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2075844A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4406942A1 (en) * | 1993-03-03 | 1994-09-08 | Shadow Jm Elektroakustik Gmbh | Sound pick-up system for guitars or other stringed instruments |
| US7092352B2 (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 2006-08-15 | Aquity, Llc | Cancellation systems for multicarrier transceiver arrays |
| US5523526A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1996-06-04 | Genesis Magnetics Corporation | Sustaining devices for stringed musical instruments |
| US6208135B1 (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 2001-03-27 | Steve J. Shattil | Inductive noise cancellation circuit for electromagnetic pickups |
| US5464948A (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for a stringed musical instrument |
| US5932827A (en) * | 1995-01-09 | 1999-08-03 | Osborne; Gary T. | Sustainer for a musical instrument |
| US5641932A (en) | 1995-01-19 | 1997-06-24 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for stringed musical instruments |
| US5831196A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1998-11-03 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for stringed musical instruments |
| US5767431A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1998-06-16 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for stringed musical instruments |
| US5723805A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-03-03 | Lacombe; Robert J. | Vibration transducer device for stringed musical instruments |
| US6111185A (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2000-08-29 | Actodyne General, Inc. | Sensor assembly for stringed musical instruments |
| US7309829B1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2007-12-18 | Ludwig Lester F | Layered signal processing for individual and group output of multi-channel electronic musical instruments |
| US6610917B2 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2003-08-26 | Lester F. Ludwig | Activity indication, external source, and processing loop provisions for driven vibrating-element environments |
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| US8907199B1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2014-12-09 | George J. Dixon | Musical instrument pickup with hard ferromagnetic backplate |
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| US9442652B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2016-09-13 | Lester F. Ludwig | General user interface gesture lexicon and grammar frameworks for multi-touch, high dimensional touch pad (HDTP), free-space camera, and other user interfaces |
| US9052772B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-06-09 | Lester F. Ludwig | Heuristics for 3D and 6D touch gesture touch parameter calculations for high-dimensional touch parameter (HDTP) user interfaces |
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| US10430066B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 | 2019-10-01 | Nri R&D Patent Licensing, Llc | Gesteme (gesture primitive) recognition for advanced touch user interfaces |
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| WO2014116808A1 (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-07-31 | White Andrew J | Musical instrument device and method |
| US8969701B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2015-03-03 | George J. Dixon | Musical instrument pickup with field modifier |
| JP5676044B1 (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2015-02-25 | 株式会社フェルナンデス | Ultra-thin electromagnetic driver and electric guitar equipped with the same |
| GB201417162D0 (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-11-12 | Renishaw Plc | Inspection appartus |
| US9847080B2 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-12-19 | Joseph Chapman | System and method for switching sound pickups in an electric guitar using a spin wheel arrangement |
| US10163431B2 (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-12-25 | Christopher Mills | Non-linear pickup for string instruments |
| FR3079655B1 (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2020-03-27 | Wild Customs | DEVICE FOR INTERCHANGING ELECTRIC OR ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS FOR CAPTATION OF VIBRATION OF THE STRINGS OF A MUSICAL INSTRUMENT |
| US10861430B1 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-12-08 | JKR Guitars, LLC | Guitar apparatus for switching pickups |
| DE102019128545B3 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-10-29 | Stefan Jordan | Pickups for string instruments |
| US11610571B2 (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2023-03-21 | Christopher B. Mills | Humbucker pickup for string instruments with interposed tone-altering signal processor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52151022A (en) * | 1976-06-10 | 1977-12-15 | Roland Corp | Electronic stringed instrument |
| JPS601407B2 (en) * | 1977-05-04 | 1985-01-14 | 東レ株式会社 | Spun yarn manufacturing equipment |
| JPS55152597A (en) * | 1979-05-16 | 1980-11-27 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Treatment of waste water containing organophoshoric compound |
| US4941388A (en) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-07-17 | Hoover Alan A | String vibration sustaining device |
-
1991
- 1991-08-14 JP JP20433191A patent/JP3233659B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-08-12 CA CA002075844A patent/CA2075844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-08-13 US US07/928,728 patent/US5292999A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-08-13 EP EP19920307423 patent/EP0527654A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-08-14 KR KR1019920014701A patent/KR960011149B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0527654A3 (en) | 1993-12-29 |
| KR930004922A (en) | 1993-03-23 |
| EP0527654A2 (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| JP3233659B2 (en) | 2001-11-26 |
| US5292999A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
| KR960011149B1 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
| JPH0546175A (en) | 1993-02-26 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |