CA2069850A1 - Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing composition containing enzymes - Google Patents
Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing composition containing enzymesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2069850A1 CA2069850A1 CA 2069850 CA2069850A CA2069850A1 CA 2069850 A1 CA2069850 A1 CA 2069850A1 CA 2069850 CA2069850 CA 2069850 CA 2069850 A CA2069850 A CA 2069850A CA 2069850 A1 CA2069850 A1 CA 2069850A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- dishwashing composition
- percent
- weight
- nonaqueous liquid
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- -1 alcohol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 42
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical class OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L disodium maleate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)\C=C/C([O-])=O MSJMDZAOKORVFC-UAIGNFCESA-L 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxide Chemical group CC[O-] HHFAWKCIHAUFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexasodium;trioxido(trioxidosilyloxy)silane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CZRKJHRIILZWRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound COC(C)=O.CC(O)CO CZRKJHRIILZWRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;hydrogen sulfate;oxido sulfate;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OS(=O)(=O)O[O-].OS(=O)(=O)O[O-] HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229940111202 pepsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005342 perphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007686 potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000031 sodium sesquicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000018341 sodium sesquicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODBPOHVSVJZQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;[2-[2-[bis(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]ethyl-(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl-hydroxyphosphinate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)([O-])=O ODBPOHVSVJZQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydrogen carbonate;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O WCTAGTRAWPDFQO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012588 trypsin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001322 trypsin Drugs 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing compositions containing a ternary mixture of Maxatase, Protein Engineered Maxacal and Maxapem 15 or Maxapem 42 and Maxamyl enzymes have been found to be very useful in the removal of protein and carbohydrate soils from dishware at operating temperatures of 100°F to 140°F.
Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing compositions containing a ternary mixture of Maxatase, Protein Engineered Maxacal and Maxapem 15 or Maxapem 42 and Maxamyl enzymes have been found to be very useful in the removal of protein and carbohydrate soils from dishware at operating temperatures of 100°F to 140°F.
Description
~0~98~
I~ 4916C
NONAQUEOUS ~IOUID AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING COMPOSITION
CONTAINING ENZYMES
~ACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been found to be very useful to have enzymes in dishwashing detergent compositions because enzymes are very effective in removing food soils from the surface of glasses, dishes, pots, pans and eating utensils. The enzymes attack these materials while other components of the detergent will effect other aspects of the cleaning action. However, in order for the enzymes to be highly effective, the composition must be chemically stable, and it must maintain an effective activity at the operating temperature of the automatic dishwasher. Chemical stability i9 the property whereby the detergent composition containing enzymes does not undergo any significant degradation during storage. This is also known as shelf life. Activity is the property of maintaining enzyme activity during usage. From the time that a detergent is packaged until it is used by the customer, it must remain stable. Furthermore, during customer usage of the dishwashing detergent, it must retain its activity. Unless the enzymes in the detergent are maintained in a suitable environment, the enzymes will suffer a degradation during storage which will result in a product that will have a decreased initial activity. When enzymes are a part of the detergent composition, it has been found that the initial free water content of the composition should be as low a level as possible, and this low water content must be maintained during 2 Q ~ 3 3torage, since wa~er will activate the enzymes. This activation will cause a decrease in ~he initial activity of the detergent composition.
After the detergent container is opened, the detergent will be exposed to the environment which contains moisture.
During each instance that the detergent is exposed to the environment it could possibly absorb some moisture. This absorption occurs by components of the detergent composition absorbing moisture, when in contact with the atmosphere. This effect is ir,creased as the container is emptied since there will be a greater volume of air in contact with the detergent, and thus more available moisture to be absorbed by the detergent composition. This will usually accelerate the decrease in the activity of the detergent composition. The most efficient way to prevent a significant decrease in this activity is to start with an initial high activity of enzyme and to use components in the dishwashing composition which have a low hygroscopicity and a low alkalinity which will minimize any losses in activity as the detergent is being stored or used.
The stability of enzymes in a nonaqueous liquid detergent can be improved by using an alkali metal silicate. In addition, the individual components of the detergent composition should each have an initial free water content (unbound water at ~00C) of less than 10 percent by weight, more preferably less than 9 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 8 percent by weight. During manufacture the detergent composition may take-up moisture from the atmosphere. As a result, the moisture content of the 2~98~0 `etergent composition as it is being packaged may be greater than 1 percent by weight, preferably less than 4 percent by weight and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight.
Nonaqueous liquid dishwasher detergent compositions which contain enzymes can be made more stable and to have a high activity, if the initial free water content of the detergent composition less than 6 percent by weight, more preferably less than 4 percent by weight and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight. A key aspect i9 to keep the free water (non-chemically bonded water) in the detergent composition at a minimum. It is critical that water not be added to the composition. Absorbed and absorbed water are two types of free water and comprise the usual free water found in the detergent composition. Free water will have the affect of deactivating the enzyme. Furthermore, the pH of 1.0 weight ~
of an aqueous solution of a liquid detergent composition must be less than 11.0 more preferably less than 10.8, and most preferably less than 10.5. This low alkalinity of the dishwashing detergent will also increase the stability of the detergent composition which contains a mixture of enzymes, thereby providing a higher initial activity of the mixture of the enzymes and ~he maintenance of this initial high actlvity.
The free water content of the dishwashing detergent compositions of the instant invention can be controlled to a large extent by using components that have a low initial water content and a low hygroscopicity. The i.ndividual components of the instant composition should have a water content of less than 10 percent by weight, more preferably less than 9 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 8 percent by ~06~8~0 ~eight. In addition, the organic components of the dishwashing detergent composition should have low hydroxyl group content to decrease the hydrogen bonding absorption of water. In place of the carrier such as ethylene glycols or glycerols, relatively low hydroxyl content-anhydrous organics such as alcohol ethers and polyalkylene glycols can be used.
In place of polyacid suspending agents normally used in liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions such as polyacrylic acid or salts of polyacrylic acids, there should be used polyacid/acid anhydride copolymers such as polyacrylic acid/acid anhydride copolymers. Maleic anhydride is a suitable acid anhydride. The net result is a decreased hydroxyl group content which translates to a decreased hygro~copicity of the detergent composition which helps maintain the stability and the activity.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
Thi~ invention is directed to producing a nonaqueous liquid enzyme containing automatic dishwashing detergent compositions which have an increased chemical stability and essentially a constant activity at wash operating temperatures of 100F to 140Fr This is accomplished by controlling the alkalinity and the hygroscopicity of the detergent composition and using a novel mixture of enzymes. An alkali metal silicate is used in the dishwashing detergent compositions which may have a free water content of less than 6 percent by weight, more preferably less than 4 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight throughout its usage. The Na2O: sio2 ratio can exceed 1:3.22 but should not be lower than 1:2. In order to achieve this low free water 2 ~ 5 ~
~ontent, the water content of each of the detergent components should be less than 1 percent by weight, more preferably less than 0.75 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 0.5 percent by weight. Furthermore, each of the organic components should have a low hydroxyl group content in order to decrease the potential amount of hydrogen bonded water in the composition.
Conventional automatlc dishwashing compositions usually contain a low foaming surface-active agent, a carrier solvent which is usually water, a chlorine bleach, alkaline builder materials, and usually minor ingredients and additives. The incorporation of chlorine bleach requires special processing and storage precautions to protect composition components which are subject to deterioration upon direct contact with the active chlorine. The stability of the chlorine bleach i9 also critical and raises additional processing and storage difficulties. In addition, it is known that automatic dishwasher detergent compositions may tarnish silverware and damage metal trim on china a~ a result of the presence of a chlorine-containing bleach therein. Accordingly, there is a standing desire to formulate detergent compositions for use in automatic dishwashing operations which are free of active chlorine and which are capable of providing overall hard surface cleaning and appearance benefits comparable to or better than active chlorine-containing detergent compositions.
This reformulation is particularly delicate in the context of automatic dishwashing operations, since during those operations, the active chlorine prevents the formation and/or deposition of troublesome protein and protein-grease complexes 2069~5~
on the hard dish surfaces. No surfactant system currently known is capable of adequately performing this function.
Various attempts have been made to formulate bleach-free low foaming detergent compositions for automatic dishwashing machines, containing particular low foaming nonionics, builders, filler materials and enzymes. US Patent 3,472,783 to Smille recognized that degradation can occur when an enzyme is added to a highly alkaline automatic dishwashing detergent.
French Patent No. 2,102,851 to Colgate-Palmolive, pertains to rinsing and washing compositions for use in automatic dishwashers. The compositions disclosed have a pH
of 6 to 7 and contain an amylolytic and, if desired, a proteolytic enzyme, which have been prepared in a special manner from animal pancreas and which exhibit a desirable activity at a pH in the range of 6 to 7. German Patent No.
2,038,103 to Henkel & Co. relates to aqueous liquid or pasty cleaning compositions containing phosphate salts, enzymes and an enzyme stabilizing compound. US Patent No. 3,799,879 to Francke et al, teaches a detergent composition for cleaning dishes, with a pH of from 7 to 9 containing an amylolytic enzyme, and in addition, optionally a proteolytic enzyme.
US Patent 4,101,457 to Place et al teaches the use of a proteolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH of 12 in an automatic dishwashing detergent.
US Patent 4,162,987 to Maguire et al teaches a granular or liquid automatic dishwashing detergent which uses a proteolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH of 12 as 206~50 well as an amylolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH
of 8.
US Patent No 3,827,938 to Aunstrup et al, discloses specific proteolytlc enzymes which exhibit high enzymatic activities in highly alkaline systems. Similar disclosures are found in British Patent Specification No. 1,361,386, to Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium A/S. British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839, to Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium A/S, discloses specific amylolytic enzymes which exhibit a high degree of enzymatic activity in alkaline systems.
Thus, while the prior art clearly recognizes the disadvantages of using aggressive chlorine bleaches in automatic dishwashing operations and also suggests bleach-free compositions made by leaving out the bleach component, said art disclosures are silent how to formulate an effective bleach-free automatic dishwashing composition~ capable of providing superior performance at low alkalinity levels during conventional use.
US Patent Nos. 3,840,480; 4,568,476; 3,821,118 and 4,501,681 teach the use of enzymes in automatic dishwa~hing detergents.
The aforementioned prior art fails to provide a liquid automatic dishwashing detergent which contains a mixture of enzymes for the simultaneous degradation of both proteins and starches, wherein the combination of enzymes have a maximum activity at a pH of less than 10.6 and the liquid automatic dishwashing detergent has optimized cleaning performance in a temperature range of 100F to 140F.
2~69g~0 It is an object of this invention to incorpora~e a unique enzyme mixture of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in dishwasher detergent compositions which can be used in automatic dishwashing operations capable of providing at least equal or better performance at operating temperatures of 100F to 140F.
Both protein soils and carbohydrate soils are extremely difficult to remove form dishware. The use of bleach in automatic dishwashing compositions helps in the removal of protein soils and high alkalinity of these automatic dishwashing compositions helps in the removal of carbohydrate soils, but even with bleach and high alkalinity these protein and carbohydrate soils are not completely removed. The use of a protease enzyme in the automatic dishwashing compositions improves the removal of protein soils such as egg and milk from dishware and the use of an amylase enzyme improves the removal of carbohydrate soil3 such as starch from dishware.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for a combination of Maxatase and Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) enzymes versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Flgure 2 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) enzymes versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Figure 3 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Maxatase enzyme versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Flgure 4 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Maxacal enzyme versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
20~9850 ~ETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions which comprise a nonionic surfactant, a nonaqueous liquid carrier, sodium silicate, a metal inorganic builder salt and a mixture of an amylase enzyme and a protease enzyme and, optionally, a deteryent active material such as a nonionic surfactant, a foam depressant, and a lipase enzyme wherein the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition has a pH of less than 10.5 and the dishwashing detergent composition exhibits maximum cleaning efficiency for both proteins and starches at a wash temperature of 100F to 140F.
The liquid nonionic surfactants that can be, optionally, used in the present nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composltions are well known. A wide variety of the these surfactants can be used.
The nonionic synthetic organic detergents are generally described as ethoxylated propoxylated fatty alcohols which are low-foaming surfactants and are possibly capped, characterized by the presence of an organic hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxyl, hydroxy and amido or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to tne nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a nonionic detergent. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxy ethylene/propylene chain can be 2~98~0 eadily adjusted to achieve the desired balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Typical suitable nonionic surfactants are those disclosed in US Patent Nos. 4,316,812 and 3,630,929.
Preferably, the nonionic detergents that are used are the low foaming poly-lower alkoxylated lipophiles, wherein the desired hydrophile-lipophile balance is obtained from addition of a hydrophilic poly-lower alkoxy group to a lipophilic moiety. A preferred class of the nonionic detergent employed is the poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanol wherein the alkanol is of 9 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein the number of moles of lower alkylene oxide (of 2 or 3 carbon atoms) is from 3 to 15. Of such materials it is preferred to employ those wherein the higher alkanol is a high fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 or 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain from 5 to 8 or 5 to 9 lower alkoxy groups per mole. Preferably, the lower alkoxy is ethoxy but in some instances, it may be desirably mixed with propoxy, the latter, if present, usually being minor (no more than 50~) portion. Exemplary of such compounds are those wherein the alkanol is of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contai.n 7 ethylene oxide groups per mole.
Useful nonionics are represented by the low foaming Plurafac series from BASF Chemical Company whlch are the reaction product of a higher linear alcohol and a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides, containing a mixed chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, terminated by a hydroxyl group. Examples include Product A (a C13-C~5 fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles propylene oxide), Product B (a C~3-C15 fatty alcohol condensed with 7 mole 20~g~
,ropylene oxide and 4 mole ethylene oxide), and Product C (a C13-Cls fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide). A particularly good surfactant is Plurafac 132 which is a capped nonionic surfactant. Another group of low foam liquid nonionics are available from Shell Chemical Company, Inc. under the Dobanol trademark: Dobanol 91-5 is an ethoxylated Cg-Cll fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide and Dobanol 25-7 is an ethoxylated Cl2-CI5 fatty alcohol wlth an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide.
Another liquid nonionic surfactant that can be used is sold under the tradename Lutensol SC 9713.
Synperonic nonionic surfactant such as Synperonic LF D25 or LF RA 30 are especially preferred nonionic surfactants that can be used in the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of the instant invention. Other useful nonionic surfactants are Synperonic RA 30, Synperonic RA 40 and Synperonic RA 340. The Synperonic surfactants are especially preferred because they are biodegradable and low foaming.
Poly-Tergent nonionic surfactants from Olin Organic Chemicals such as Poly-Tergent SLF-18, a biodegradable, low-foaming surfactant i9 specially preEerred for the powdered automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of this instant invention. Poly-Tergent SLF-18, a water dispersible, having a low cloud point has lower surface tension and lower foaming is very suitable for automatic dishwasher detergent.
Other useful surfactants are Neodol 25-7 and Neodol 23-6.5, which products are made by Shell Chemical Company, Inc.
The former is a condensation product of a mixture of higher 2069~V
-atty alcohols averaging 12 to 13 car~on atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups present averages 6.5. The higher alcohols are prlmary alkanols. Other examples of such detergents include Tergltol 15-S-7 and Tergitol 15-S-9 (registered trademarks), both of which are linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates made by Union Carbide Corp. The former is mixed ethoxylation product of 11 to 15 carbon atoms linear secondary alkanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a similar product but with nine moles of ethylene oxide being reacted. Another useful surfactant is Tergitol MDS-42 a mixed ethoxylation product of 13-15 cations alcohols with 10 moles of EO and 5 moles of PO.
Also useful in the present compositions as a component of the nonionic detergent are higher molecular weight nonionics, such as Neodol 45-11, which are similar ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, with the higher fatty alcohol being of 14 to 15 carbon atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups per mole being 11. Such products are also made by Shell Chemical Company.
In the preferred poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanols, to obtain the best balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties the number of lower alkoxies will usually be from 40%
to 100% of the number of carbon atoms in the higher alcohol, preferably 40 to 60% thereof and the nonionic detergent will preferably contain at least 50% of such preferred poly-lower alkoxy higher alkanol.
The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants, which are used alone in conjunction with the aforementioned surfactant and have a hydrophobic group containing from 8 to 20 carbon 2 ~ o Itoms, preferably fxom 10 to 16 carbon atoms, most preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and polysaccharide hydrophilic group containing from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7 saccharide units (e.g., galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of saccharide moieties may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants.
The number x indicates the number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. For a particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule x can only assume integral values. In any physical sample of alkyl polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general molecules having different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the average value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. In this specification the values of x are to be understood to be average values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4- positions rather than at the l-position, (thus giving e.g. a glucosyl or galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside).
However, attachment through the 1-position, i.e., glucosides, galactoside, fructosides, etc., i9 preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are predominately attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2-position. Attachment through the 3-, 4-, and 6-positions can also occur. Optionally and less desirably there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide chain. The preferred alkoxide moiety is ethoxide.
~6~5~
Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from 8 to 20, preferably from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyi group can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxlde chain can contaln up to 30, preferably less than 10 alkoxide moleties.
Suitable alkylpolysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, trl-, tetra-, penta- and hexaglucosldes, galactosldes, lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls and/or galactosyls and mixtures thereof.
The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. The use of alkyl monosaccharides in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred mode of carrying out the invention. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, ~etra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.
The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the formula R2O(CnH2nO)r(z)~
wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which said alkyl groups contain from 10 to 1a, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, ~06~850 referably 0; and x is from 1.5 to 8, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2. 7 . To prepare these compounds a long chain alcohol (R2OH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (RIOH) an be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (Cl6) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain alcohol (R2OH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desired alkyl polyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chain alkyl glucoside content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material should be less than 50~, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5~, most preferably 0% of the alkyl polyglucoside.
The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than 2~, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight of the tota:L of the alkyl polysaccharide. For some uses it i9 desirable to have the alkyl monosaccharide content less than 10~.
The used herein, ~alkyl polysaccharide surfactant" is intended to represent both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification, "alkyl polyglucoside~ is used to include alkyl polyglycosides 2 ~
~ecause the stereochemistry of the saccharide moiety is changed during the preparation reaction.
An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG
625 glycoside manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA. APG 25 is a nonionic alkyl polyglycoside characterized by the formula:
CnH2n+lO(C6H~0O5)~H
wherein n=10 (2~); n=12 (65~); n=14 (21-28~); n=16 (4-8~) and n=18 (0.5~) and x (degree of polymerization) = 1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6-8 (10~ of APG 625 in distilled water); a specific gravity at 25C of l.l g/ml; a density at 25C of 9.1 lbs/gallon; a calculated HLB of 12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 35C, 21 spindle, 5-10 RPM of 3,000 to 7,000 cps.
Mixtures of two or more of the liquid nonionic surfactants can be used and in some cases advantages can be Gbtained by the use of such mixtures.
The nonaqueous liquid nonionic surfactant has dispersed therein fine particles or organic and/or inorganic detergent builders. A preferred solid builder salt is an alkali metal polyphosphate such as sodium tripolyphosphate ("TPP"). In place of all or part of the alkali metal polyphosphate one or more other detergent builder salts can be used. Suitable other builder salts are alkali metal carbonates, borates, phosphates, bicarbonates, silicates, lower polycarboxylic acid salts, and polyacrylates, polymaleic anhydrides and copolymers of polyacrylates and polymaleic anhydrides and polyacetal carboxylates.
2a~8~a Specific examples of such builders are sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium mono and diorthophosphate, and potassium bicarbonate. The builder salts can be used alone with the nonionic surfactant or in an admixture with other builders. Typical builders also include those disclosed in U.S. Pat Nos. ~,316,812, 4,264,466 and 3,630,929 and those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,144,226, 4,135,092 and 4,146,495.
A preferred builder salt is sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The TPP is a blend of anhydrous TPP and a small amount of TPP hexahydrate such that the chemically bound water which corresponds to one H20 per pentasodium tripolyphosphate molecule. Such TPP may be produced by treating anhydrous TPP
with a limited amount of water. The presence of the hexahydrate 910WS down the rapid rate of solution of the TPP
in the wash bath and inhibits caking. One suitable TPP is sold under the name Thermphos NW. The particles size of the Thermphos NW TPP, as supplied, is usually averages 200 microns with the largest particles being 400 micron~.
The alkali metal silicates are useful builder salts which also function to make the composition anti-corrosive so that damage to eating utensils and to automatic dishwashing machine parts is minimized. Sodium silicates of Na20/SiO2 ratios of from 1:1 to 1:2.4 especially 1:2 to 1:3 are preferred.
Potassium silicates of the same ratios can also be used. The 8 ~ ~
~referred alkali metal silicates are sodium disilicate and sodium metasilicate.
Another class of builders useful herein are the water insoluble aluminosilicates, both of the crystalline and amorphous type. Various crystalline zeolites (i.e. alumino-silicates) are described in British Patent No. 1,504,168, U.S.
Patent No. 4,409,136 and Canadian Patent Nos. 1,072,835 and 1,087,477. An example of amorphous zeolites useful herein can be found in Belgium Patent No. 835,351. The zeolites generally have the formula (M20) ,~ (Al203) y (sio2) ~ WH20 wherein x is 1, y is from 0.8 to 1.2 and preferably 1, z is from 1.5 to 3.5 or higher and preferably 2 to 3 and w is from 0 to 9, pxeferably 2.5 to 6 and M is preferably sodium. A
typical zeolite is type A or similar structure, with type 4A
particularly preferred. The preferred aluminosilicates have calcium ion exchange capacities of 200 milliequivalents per gram or greater, e.g. 400 meq/g.
In conjunction with the builder salt are optionally used a low molecular weight polyacrylates which have a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 more preferably 2,000 to 80,000. A preferred low molecular weight polyacrylate is Sokalan~ CP45 manufactured by BASF and having a molecular weight of 4,500. Another preferred low molecular weight polyacrylate is Acrysol~ 45ND manufactured by Rohm and Haas and having a molecular weight of 45,000. A suitable suspending and anti-redepositing agent consists of a copolymer of a polyacid and an acid anhydride. Such a material should have a water absorption at 38C and 78 percent relative 2~s~n lumidity of less than 40 percent and preferably less than 30 percent. The builder is commercially avallable under the tradename of Sokalan CP 45. This is a partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid sodium salt. This suspending and anti-deposition agent also serves to inhibit encrustation, i.e. inhibits the formulation and precipitation of dicalcium phosphate. This suspending agent has a low hygroscopicity as a result of a decreased hydroxyl group content. An objective is to use suspending and anti-redeposition agents that have a low hygroscopicity.
Copolymerized polyacids have this property, and particularly when partially neutralized. AcusolTM 6~0 ND provided by Rohm &
Haas is another useful suspending agent. Other builder salts which can be mixed with the sodium carbonate are gluconates and nitriloacetic acid salts.
The stability against settling properties can be improved by the addition to the composition of a smal] effective amount of phosphoric ester and the viscosity and anti-gel properties of the composition can be improved by adding to the composition an effective amount of an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the stability of the suspension is increased by including in the composition an acidic organic phosphorus compound having an acidic-POH group. The use of organic phosphoric acid esters as stabilizing additives to nonionic laundry detergent compositions containing polyphosphate builders is well known.
The acidic organic phosphorus compound may be, for instance, a partial ester of phosphoric acid and an alcohol 2~9~50 ;uch as an alkanol which has a lipophilic character, having, for instance, more than 5 carbon atoms, e.g. 8 to 20 carbon atoms. A specific example is a partial ester of phosphoric acid and a C~ to Cl8 alkanol (Empiphos 5632 from Marchon); it ls made up of 35~ monoester and 65~ diester. The inclusion of quite small amounts o~ the acidic organic phosphorus compound makes the suspension significantly more stable against settling on standing but remains pourable and decreases its plastic viscosity. It is believed that the use of the acidic phosphorus compound may result in the ~ormation of a high energy physical bond between the -POH portion of the molecule and the surfaces of the inorganic polyphosphate builder so that these surfaces take on an organic character and become more compatible with the nonionic surfactant.
The thickening agents that can be used are those that will swell and develop thixotropic properties in a nonaqueous environment. These include organic polymeric materials and inorganic and organic modified clays. Essentially, any clay can be used as long as it will swell in a nonaqueous medium and develop thixotropic properties. A preferred clay is bentonite organoclay. A swelling agent is used with the bentonite clay. The preferred swelling agent is a combination of propylene carbonate and tripropylene glycol methyl ether.
However, any other substance that will cause bentonite to swell in a nonaqueous environment and thus develop thixotropic properties can be used.
Suitable polymeric thickening agents are polycarboxylate polymers such as Carbopol polymers manufactured by B.F.
Goodrich. Carbopol 614 and Carbopol 617 are especially 2~9~
?referred polymeric thickening agents. Another class of suitable thickening agents are ~ilicas such as Cab-O-Sil which are useful at a concentration of 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent.
Another class of thickening agents are polyacrylates having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000. An especially preferred polyacrylate is Sokalan CP 45, manufactured by BASF
and Acrysol~ 45ND manufactured by Rohm Haas. These polyacrylates are used at a concentration level of 0.1 to 10 weight percent.
Other polymeric thickening agents are low molecular weight associative thickeners such as Dapral~) T210 and T212 from AKZO chemicals. Dapral T210 and T212 are low molecular weight dialkyl polyglycol ethers with an average molecular weight of 8000. They are liquids and soluble and compatible in non-aqueous media. Specially preferred is Dapral T210 in 1-5~ and in combination with other thickening agents such as colloidal silica.
Essentially, any compatible anti-foaming agent can be used. Preferred anti-foaming agents are silicone anti-foaming agents. These are alkylated polysiloxanes and include polydimethyl siloxanes, polydiethyl siloxanes, polydibutyl siloxanes, phenyl rnethyl siloxanes, dimethyl silanated silica, trimethysilanated silica and triethylsilanated silica.
Suitable anti-foam agents are Silicone L7604 and DB-100.
Other suitable anti-foaming agents are Selecore DB 700 used at 0.2 to 1.0 weight %, sodium stearate used at a concentration and of 0.5 to 1.0 weight ~. Another class of suitable foam depressants used at concentration levels of 0 to 1.5 weight 2~8~
;, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 weight ~. are the alkyl phosphoric acid esters of the formula H--OP--R
I
OR
available from BASF-Wyandotte and the alkyl phosphate esters of the formula HO--P--R
OR
available from Hooker (SAP) and Knapsac~ (LPKn-158) in which one or both R groups in each type of ester may be represented independently by a Cl2~20 alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl group.
The perfumes that can be used include lemon perfume and other natural scents. Essentially, any opacifier pigment that is compatible with the remaining components of the detergent formulation can be used. A useful and preferred opacifier i9 titanium dioxide.
The nonaqueous carrier materials that can be used for the liquid automatic di3hwashing detergent compositions are contained in the composition at a concentration level of at least 40 wt.~ to 65 wt.~, more preferably at least 45 wt.~
to 60 wt.~, are those that have a low hydroscopicity. These include the higher glycols, polyglycols, polyoxides and glycol ethers. Suitable substances are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether (DM), dipropylene glycol 2~6~g50 nethyl ether (DPMI), propylene glycol methyl acetate (PMA), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA), ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and ethylene glycol dipropyl ether. A
preferred nonaqueous carrier of the instant invention is polyethylene glycol 200 or polyethylene glycol 300.
Other useful solvents are ethylene oxide/propylene oxide, propylene oxide liquid random copolymer such as Synalox so solvent series from Dow Chemical (Synalox 50-50B). Other suitable solvents are propylene glycol ethers such as PnB, DPnB and TPnB (propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ethers sold by Dow Chemical under the tradename Dowanol. Also tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether "TPM Dowanol" from Dow Chemical is suitable. Another useful series of solvents are supplied by CCA biochem b.u. of Holland such as Plurasolv ~ML, Plurasolv REL (s), Plurasolv REL, Plurasolv RIPL and Plurasolv RRBL.
Mixtures of PEG solvent with Synalox or PnB, DPnB, TPnB
and TPM solvents are also useful. Preferred mixtures are PEG
300/Synalox 50-50B and PEG 300/TPnB in weight ratios of 95:5 to 50:50. EP/PO capped nonionic surfactants can be llsed as a liquid solvent carrier and an example of such a nonionic surfactant is Plurafac LF 132 sold by BASF.
The stabilizing system of the instant compositions comprise a finely divided silica such as Cab-O-Sil M5, PTG or Aerosil 200 which are used at a concentration level of 0 to 4.0 weight percent, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 weight ~.
Also employed as a stabilizing system are mixtures of finely ~ivided silica such as Cab-O-Sil, and nonionic associative thickeners such as Dapral T210, T~12 (Akzo) which are low molecular weight dialkyl polyglycol ethers with a dumbbell-like structure or Pluracol TH 916 and ~H 922 (BASF) associative thickeners having star-like structure with a hydrophilic core and hydrophobic tail. These thickeners are used at concentration levels of 0 to 5.0 weight percent together with 0 to 2.0 weight percent of finely divided silica. Other useful stabilizing systems are blends of organoclay and hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer (HPC). A
suitable organoclay is Bentone NL27 gel sold by NL Chemical.
A suitable cellulose polymer is Klucel M Cellulose having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 and is sold by Aqualon Company.
Bentone gel contains 9~ Bentone NL 27 powder (100 percent active), 88 percent TPM solvent (tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether) and 3 percent propylene carbonate (polar additive). The organic modified clay thickeners are used at concentration levels of 0 weight percent to 15 weight percent in conjunction with Klucel M at concentration levels of 0 to 0.5 weight percent, more preferably 0.2 weight percent to 0.4 weight percent. Another useful thickening agent is a high molecular weight long chain fatty alcohol (C20-C40) such as UnilinTM 425 sold by Petrolite chemicals.
A key aspect is to keep the free water (non-chemically bounded water) in the detergent composition at a minimum.
Absorbed and adsorbed water are two types of free water, and comprise the usual free water found in a detergent composition. Free water will have the affect of deactivating the enzymes.
8 ~ ~
The deter~ent composition of the present invention can possibly include a peroxygen bleaching agent at a concentration level of 2 to 15 wt.~. The oxygen bleaching agents that can be used are alkali metal perborate, perphthalic acid, percarbonate and perphosphates, and potassium monopersulfate. A preferred compound is sodium perborate monohydrate. The peroxygen bleaching compound is preferably used in admixture with an activator thereof.
Suitable activators are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,264,466 or in column 1 of U.S. Patent No. 4,430,244.
Polyacylated compounds are preferred activators. Suitable preferred activators are tetraacetyl ethylene diamine ("TAED"), pentaacetyl glucose, and ethyledine benzoate acetate.
The activator which is present at a concentration level of 0.5 to 5.0 wt.~ usually interacts with the peroxygen compound to form a peroxyacid bleaching agent in the wash water. It is preferred to include a sequestering agent of high complexing power to inhibit any undesired reaction between such peroxyacid and hydrogen peroxide in the wash solution in the pre~ence of metal ions. Suitable se~1e~tering agents include the sodium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDT~), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DETPA), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphoric acid (DTPMP) sold under the tradename DEQUEST 2066 and ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid (~DITEMPA). The sequestering agents can be used alone or in an admixture.
2~6~85~
The detergent ~ormulation also contains a ternany mixture of two protease enzymes and an amylase enzyme and, optionally, a lipase enzyme that serve to attack and remove organic residues on glasses, plates, pots, pans and eating utensils.
Lipolytic enzymes can also be used in the liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition. Proteolytic enzymes remove protein residues, lipolytic enzymes fat residues and amylolytic enzymes remove starches. Proteolytic enzymes include the protease enzymes subtilisn, bromelin, papain, trypsin and pepsin. Amylolytic enzymes include alpha-amylase enzymes. Lipolytic enzymes include the lipase enzymes. The preferred amylase enzyme is available under the name Maxamyl, derived from Bacillus liceniformis and is available from Gist-Brocades of the Netherlands in the form of nonaqueous slurry (18 wt.~ of enzyme) having an activity of abut 40,000 TA u/g.
The preferred protease enzymes are available under the name Maxatase, and is derived from a novel Bacillus strain designated "PB92" wherein a culture of the Bacillus is deposited with the Laboratory for Microbiology of the Technical University of Delft and has the number OR-60 and Maxapem 15 or 42 are derived from Bacillus alcalophylus which is high alkaline mutant proteolytic enzyme and both are available from Gist-brocades, of the Netherlands.
Maxatase protease enzyme is a low alkaline B.
licheniformis protease 600,000 DU/g which is supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent) by International BioSynthetics (Gist-Brocades). Maxapem 15 or 42 protease enzyme is also supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent) and is available from Gist-Brocades, Maxapem 42 with 2~98~0 ctivity 900,000 ADU/g and ~axapem 15 with activlty 400,000 ADU/g. Maxamyl amylase enzyme is a thermostable B.
licheniformis alpha-amylase (39,500 TAU/g) which is supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent~ by International BioSynthetics (Gist-Brocades). Preferred enzyme activities per wash are Maxapem 42/Maxatase protease 250-1,000 KADU/KDU
and ~axamyl 4,000-10,000 TAU per wash. At a concentration level of 1.75~, Maxatase, 1.75~ Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) and 1.0~ Maxamyl in the instant automatic dishwashing compositions, a 25 gram dose of automatic dishwashing composition per wash delivered 9,875 TAU of Maxamyl amylase and 65~,250 DU/ADU of protease enzymes.
The weight ratio of the two Protease enzymes to the amylolytic enzyme in the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions is 6:1 to 1.1:1 more preferably 4.5:1 to 1.2:1. The weight ratio of Maxatase to Protein Engineered Maxacal enzyme 42 is 1.8:1 to 1:1.
The detergent composition can ha~e a fairly wide ranging composition. The surfactant can comprise 0 to 15 percent by weight of the composition, more preferably 2 to 15 percent by weight, and most preferably 4 to 12 percent by weight. The soil suspending agent which is preferably a copolymerized polyacrylic acid will be present in an amount of 0 to 20 percent by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 percent by weight and most preferably 3 to 8 percent by weight. The anti-foaming agent will be present in an amount of 0 to 2.5 percent by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight and most preferably 0.2 to 1.5 percent by weight.
The builder, which ls preferably sodium tripolyphosphate, is 2 ~ 5 ~
?resent in an amount of 10 to 40 percent by weight, more preferably 20 to 38 percent by weight and most preferably 20 to 35 percent by weight.
The thickener, which is preferably a bentonite clay gel, is a mixture of propylene carbonate and tri-propylene glycol methyl ether (TPM) and Bentone NL 27 is preferred, it is present in an amount of 0 to lS percent by weight, more preferably 5 to 10 percent by weight.
Other useful thickeners are fatty acid and metal fatty acid salts as described in U.S. Patents 4,752,409 and 4,836,946 are also useful thickeners used at a concentrate level of 0.02 to 5 weight percent, more preferably 0.02 to 3 weight percent, and most preferably 0.05 to 3.0 weight percent. Other useful thickeners are polycarboxylate polymers such as Carbopol polymers manufactured by B.F. Goodrich at concentration levels of 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent and more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent. Low molecular weight polyacrylate polymers such as Sokolan~ CP45, Acusol~ 460ND, and Acrysol~ 45ND are useful as thickeners at concentration levels of 0.1 to 10.0 weight percent, and more preferably at 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent.
The alkali silicate, of which sodium silicate i9 preferred, will be present in an amount of 0 to 15 percent by weight, more preferably 6 to 12 percent by weight and most preferably 3 to 9 percent by weight. The opacifier pigment will be present in an amount of 0.0 to 1.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight and most preferably 0.5 percent by weight.
2 0 ~ 0 The enzymes will be presen~ in slurry form (18~ enzyme in polyethylene ~lycol 400) in an amount of 0.8 to 16.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.9 to 14.0 percent by weight, and most preferably 1.0 to 12.0 percent by weight. The Maxatase and Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 proteases in the automatic dishwashing composition enzyme will comprise 0.5 to 12.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.7 to 10.0 weight percent and most preferably 0.8 to 9.0 percent by weight. The amylase enzyme will comprise 0.3 to 6.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 3.0 weight percent and most preferably 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent. The lipase enzyme will comprise 0.00 to 8.0 percent by weight of the detergent composition. Other components such as color and perfumes will be comprised of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the detergent composition. ~nother suitable lipase is Lipolas 30T
from Novo Corporation. Another useful lipase enzyme is Amano PS lipase provided by Amunco International Enzyme Co, Inc. The lipase enzymes are especially beneficial in reducing grease residues and related filming problems on glasses and dishware.
The remainder of the detergent composition will be comprised of the nonaqueous carrier. This will range from 15 to 65 weight percent, more preferably 25 to 57 weight percent, and most preferably 40 to 55 weight percent.
The detergent formulation is produced by combining the liquid components consisting of the carrier, surfactant and anti-foam agent and then adding the builder salt (TPP), the anti-redeposition agent (copolymerized polyacrylic acld) and alkali metal silicate. This mixture is then ground in a ball mill (Attritor or Netzsch) to a particle size of less than 40 ~9 ~OS98~
icrons, and preferably to a size of 4 to 5 microns. The enzyme mixture is then added. The enzymes preferably will be in a polyethylene glycol slurry. This enzyme mixture is mixed into the ground slurry. Then the thickener, thickener swelling agents, opacifiers, brighteners, stabilizing agents and perfumes are added. After a thorough mixing, the detergent composition is packaged.
The concentrated nonaqueous liquid nonionic automatic dishwashing detexgent compositions of the present invention disperses readily in the water in the dishwashing machine.
The presently used home dishwashing machines have a measured capacity for 80cc or 90 grams of detergent. In normal use, for example, for a full load of dirty dishes 60 grams of powdered detergent are normally used.
In accordance with the present invention only 20cc to 35 cc or 40 grams or less of the concentrated liquid nonionic detergent composition is needed, and more preferably 20cc or 25 grams of concentrated liquid is used per dispenser cup.
The normal operation of an automatic dishwashing machine can involve the following steps or cycles: washing, rinse cycles with hot water. The entire wash and rinse cycles require 120 minutes. The temperature of the wash water is 100F to 140F and the temperature of the rinse water is 100F to 140F. The wash and rinse cycles use 8 to 12 liters of water for the wash cycle and 8 to 12 liters of water of the rinse cycle.
The highly concentrated nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions exhibit excellent cleaning properties of proteinaceous soils such as egg and starchy 2 ~ 5 ~
~rbohydrates such as oatmeal and minimizes the forrnation of spots and films on the dishware and glasses. In an embodiment of the invention the stability of the builder salts in the composition during storage and the dispersibility of the composition in water is improved by grinding and reducing the particle size of the solid builders to less than 100 microns, preferably less than 40 microns and more preferably to less than 10 microns. The solid builders are generally supplied in particle sizes of 100, 200 or 400 microns. The nonionic liquid surfactant phase can be possibly mixed with the solid builders prior to carrying out the grinding operation.
In the grinding operation it is preferred that the proportion of solid ingredients be high enough (e.g. at least 40~, such as 50~) that the solid particles are in contact with each other and are not substantially shielded from one another by the nonionic surfactant liq~id. After the grinding step any remaining liquid nonionic surfactant can be added to the ground formulation. Mills which employ grinding balls (ball mills) or similar mobile grinding elements give very good results. For larger scale work a continuously operating mill in which there are 1 mm. or 1.5 mm diameter grinding balls working in a very small gap between a stator and a rotor operating at a relatively high speed e.g. a CoBall mill or a Netzsch ball mill may be employed; when using such a mill, it i9 desirable to pass the blend of nonionic surfactant and solids first through a mill which does not effect such fine grinding (e.g. to 40 microns) prior to the step of grinding 2 ~ 0 :o an average particle diameter be]ow 10 microns in the continuous ball mill.
It is also contemplated within the scope of this invention to form compositions without grinding, wherein he particle size has a distribution of 60-120 microns. In a preferred embodiment the detergent builder particles have a particle size distribution such that no more than 10~ by weight o~ said particles have a particle size of more than 10 microns.
2 ~
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Example 1 The concentrated nonaqueous liquid dishwasher detergent compositions are formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified.
Comparison Maxatase and Maxapem 42Maxapem 42Maxatase Maxacal Ingredients Comp(a) _ Comp(b) Comp(c~ Comp(d) Polyethylene Glycol 300 Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S.
Synperionic LFD 25 Surfactant 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Sodium Silicate (Na2O:SiO2/l:2) 9.00 8.00 9.00 9.00 Sodium Tripolyphosphate-Anhy.30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 Sokolan CP 45 Polymer5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Maxamyl Amylase Enzyme Slurry (activity: 42,800 TAU/g) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maxacal Protea~e Enzyme Slurry (activity: 890,509 ADU/g) -- -- -- 3-5 Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 Slurry (activity: 900,228 ADU/g) 1.75 9.50 -- -Maxata~e Protease Enzyme Slurry (activity: 604,000 DU/g) 1.75 -- 3.50 --pH (1~ solution) 9.10 9.10 9.10 9.10 206~8~0 aboratory Cleanlng Perf _mance Laboratory performance of the compositions of Example were carried out using multi-soils at various temperatures and water hardness conditions. This is done to show differences between the prototype Eormulations. Egg soil was prepared by mixing egg yolk with an equal amount of 2.5 N calcium chloride solution. 0.4 grams of this mixture was applied as thin cross-wise film to the usable surface of 7.5 inch china plates. The plates were aged in 50% relative humidity overnight. Oatmeal soil was prepared by boiling 24 grams of Quaker Oats in 400 ml of tap water for ten minutes. 3 grams of this mixture was spread as thin film onto a 7.5 inch china plate. The plates were aged for 2 hours at 80C (176F). They were then stored overnight at room temperature. Two plates of each egg and oatmeal were used per wash. The plates were placed in the same positions in the dishwasher. 25 grams of the detergent was used as a single dose per wash. All plates were scored by measuring the percent area cleaned. The multi-90il cleaning test results are reported below. The results tabulated were average of at least 2 runs. Average results reflect the average performance results obtained in three different water conditions in given temperatures and the overall average showed the average results obtained in five temperature in three different water conditions and these results were also shown graphically in Figures 1-4. The performance rating shows a normalized result with Maxacal Protease Enzyme and oatmeal cleaning was not considered in calculations. Maxacal (Composition d) is the worst performer and is not suitable for such high 135-140F temperature wash 20~98~
onditions. The optimum water temperature recommended by Autodish manufacturers for US is 140F. Composition a which uses a binary mixture o~ Maxatase and Maxapem 42 in combination with Maxamyl exhibits the highest performance in a temperature range of 100 to 140F whereas the Maxatase (Composition c) or Maxapem 42 (Composition b) did not provide as good performance as Composition a.
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I~ 4916C
NONAQUEOUS ~IOUID AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING COMPOSITION
CONTAINING ENZYMES
~ACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has been found to be very useful to have enzymes in dishwashing detergent compositions because enzymes are very effective in removing food soils from the surface of glasses, dishes, pots, pans and eating utensils. The enzymes attack these materials while other components of the detergent will effect other aspects of the cleaning action. However, in order for the enzymes to be highly effective, the composition must be chemically stable, and it must maintain an effective activity at the operating temperature of the automatic dishwasher. Chemical stability i9 the property whereby the detergent composition containing enzymes does not undergo any significant degradation during storage. This is also known as shelf life. Activity is the property of maintaining enzyme activity during usage. From the time that a detergent is packaged until it is used by the customer, it must remain stable. Furthermore, during customer usage of the dishwashing detergent, it must retain its activity. Unless the enzymes in the detergent are maintained in a suitable environment, the enzymes will suffer a degradation during storage which will result in a product that will have a decreased initial activity. When enzymes are a part of the detergent composition, it has been found that the initial free water content of the composition should be as low a level as possible, and this low water content must be maintained during 2 Q ~ 3 3torage, since wa~er will activate the enzymes. This activation will cause a decrease in ~he initial activity of the detergent composition.
After the detergent container is opened, the detergent will be exposed to the environment which contains moisture.
During each instance that the detergent is exposed to the environment it could possibly absorb some moisture. This absorption occurs by components of the detergent composition absorbing moisture, when in contact with the atmosphere. This effect is ir,creased as the container is emptied since there will be a greater volume of air in contact with the detergent, and thus more available moisture to be absorbed by the detergent composition. This will usually accelerate the decrease in the activity of the detergent composition. The most efficient way to prevent a significant decrease in this activity is to start with an initial high activity of enzyme and to use components in the dishwashing composition which have a low hygroscopicity and a low alkalinity which will minimize any losses in activity as the detergent is being stored or used.
The stability of enzymes in a nonaqueous liquid detergent can be improved by using an alkali metal silicate. In addition, the individual components of the detergent composition should each have an initial free water content (unbound water at ~00C) of less than 10 percent by weight, more preferably less than 9 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 8 percent by weight. During manufacture the detergent composition may take-up moisture from the atmosphere. As a result, the moisture content of the 2~98~0 `etergent composition as it is being packaged may be greater than 1 percent by weight, preferably less than 4 percent by weight and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight.
Nonaqueous liquid dishwasher detergent compositions which contain enzymes can be made more stable and to have a high activity, if the initial free water content of the detergent composition less than 6 percent by weight, more preferably less than 4 percent by weight and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight. A key aspect i9 to keep the free water (non-chemically bonded water) in the detergent composition at a minimum. It is critical that water not be added to the composition. Absorbed and absorbed water are two types of free water and comprise the usual free water found in the detergent composition. Free water will have the affect of deactivating the enzyme. Furthermore, the pH of 1.0 weight ~
of an aqueous solution of a liquid detergent composition must be less than 11.0 more preferably less than 10.8, and most preferably less than 10.5. This low alkalinity of the dishwashing detergent will also increase the stability of the detergent composition which contains a mixture of enzymes, thereby providing a higher initial activity of the mixture of the enzymes and ~he maintenance of this initial high actlvity.
The free water content of the dishwashing detergent compositions of the instant invention can be controlled to a large extent by using components that have a low initial water content and a low hygroscopicity. The i.ndividual components of the instant composition should have a water content of less than 10 percent by weight, more preferably less than 9 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 8 percent by ~06~8~0 ~eight. In addition, the organic components of the dishwashing detergent composition should have low hydroxyl group content to decrease the hydrogen bonding absorption of water. In place of the carrier such as ethylene glycols or glycerols, relatively low hydroxyl content-anhydrous organics such as alcohol ethers and polyalkylene glycols can be used.
In place of polyacid suspending agents normally used in liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions such as polyacrylic acid or salts of polyacrylic acids, there should be used polyacid/acid anhydride copolymers such as polyacrylic acid/acid anhydride copolymers. Maleic anhydride is a suitable acid anhydride. The net result is a decreased hydroxyl group content which translates to a decreased hygro~copicity of the detergent composition which helps maintain the stability and the activity.
SUMMA~Y OF THE INVENTION
Thi~ invention is directed to producing a nonaqueous liquid enzyme containing automatic dishwashing detergent compositions which have an increased chemical stability and essentially a constant activity at wash operating temperatures of 100F to 140Fr This is accomplished by controlling the alkalinity and the hygroscopicity of the detergent composition and using a novel mixture of enzymes. An alkali metal silicate is used in the dishwashing detergent compositions which may have a free water content of less than 6 percent by weight, more preferably less than 4 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 3 percent by weight throughout its usage. The Na2O: sio2 ratio can exceed 1:3.22 but should not be lower than 1:2. In order to achieve this low free water 2 ~ 5 ~
~ontent, the water content of each of the detergent components should be less than 1 percent by weight, more preferably less than 0.75 percent by weight, and most preferably less than 0.5 percent by weight. Furthermore, each of the organic components should have a low hydroxyl group content in order to decrease the potential amount of hydrogen bonded water in the composition.
Conventional automatlc dishwashing compositions usually contain a low foaming surface-active agent, a carrier solvent which is usually water, a chlorine bleach, alkaline builder materials, and usually minor ingredients and additives. The incorporation of chlorine bleach requires special processing and storage precautions to protect composition components which are subject to deterioration upon direct contact with the active chlorine. The stability of the chlorine bleach i9 also critical and raises additional processing and storage difficulties. In addition, it is known that automatic dishwasher detergent compositions may tarnish silverware and damage metal trim on china a~ a result of the presence of a chlorine-containing bleach therein. Accordingly, there is a standing desire to formulate detergent compositions for use in automatic dishwashing operations which are free of active chlorine and which are capable of providing overall hard surface cleaning and appearance benefits comparable to or better than active chlorine-containing detergent compositions.
This reformulation is particularly delicate in the context of automatic dishwashing operations, since during those operations, the active chlorine prevents the formation and/or deposition of troublesome protein and protein-grease complexes 2069~5~
on the hard dish surfaces. No surfactant system currently known is capable of adequately performing this function.
Various attempts have been made to formulate bleach-free low foaming detergent compositions for automatic dishwashing machines, containing particular low foaming nonionics, builders, filler materials and enzymes. US Patent 3,472,783 to Smille recognized that degradation can occur when an enzyme is added to a highly alkaline automatic dishwashing detergent.
French Patent No. 2,102,851 to Colgate-Palmolive, pertains to rinsing and washing compositions for use in automatic dishwashers. The compositions disclosed have a pH
of 6 to 7 and contain an amylolytic and, if desired, a proteolytic enzyme, which have been prepared in a special manner from animal pancreas and which exhibit a desirable activity at a pH in the range of 6 to 7. German Patent No.
2,038,103 to Henkel & Co. relates to aqueous liquid or pasty cleaning compositions containing phosphate salts, enzymes and an enzyme stabilizing compound. US Patent No. 3,799,879 to Francke et al, teaches a detergent composition for cleaning dishes, with a pH of from 7 to 9 containing an amylolytic enzyme, and in addition, optionally a proteolytic enzyme.
US Patent 4,101,457 to Place et al teaches the use of a proteolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH of 12 in an automatic dishwashing detergent.
US Patent 4,162,987 to Maguire et al teaches a granular or liquid automatic dishwashing detergent which uses a proteolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH of 12 as 206~50 well as an amylolytic enzyme having a maximum activity at a pH
of 8.
US Patent No 3,827,938 to Aunstrup et al, discloses specific proteolytlc enzymes which exhibit high enzymatic activities in highly alkaline systems. Similar disclosures are found in British Patent Specification No. 1,361,386, to Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium A/S. British Patent Specification No. 1,296,839, to Novo Terapeutisk Laboratorium A/S, discloses specific amylolytic enzymes which exhibit a high degree of enzymatic activity in alkaline systems.
Thus, while the prior art clearly recognizes the disadvantages of using aggressive chlorine bleaches in automatic dishwashing operations and also suggests bleach-free compositions made by leaving out the bleach component, said art disclosures are silent how to formulate an effective bleach-free automatic dishwashing composition~ capable of providing superior performance at low alkalinity levels during conventional use.
US Patent Nos. 3,840,480; 4,568,476; 3,821,118 and 4,501,681 teach the use of enzymes in automatic dishwa~hing detergents.
The aforementioned prior art fails to provide a liquid automatic dishwashing detergent which contains a mixture of enzymes for the simultaneous degradation of both proteins and starches, wherein the combination of enzymes have a maximum activity at a pH of less than 10.6 and the liquid automatic dishwashing detergent has optimized cleaning performance in a temperature range of 100F to 140F.
2~69g~0 It is an object of this invention to incorpora~e a unique enzyme mixture of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in dishwasher detergent compositions which can be used in automatic dishwashing operations capable of providing at least equal or better performance at operating temperatures of 100F to 140F.
Both protein soils and carbohydrate soils are extremely difficult to remove form dishware. The use of bleach in automatic dishwashing compositions helps in the removal of protein soils and high alkalinity of these automatic dishwashing compositions helps in the removal of carbohydrate soils, but even with bleach and high alkalinity these protein and carbohydrate soils are not completely removed. The use of a protease enzyme in the automatic dishwashing compositions improves the removal of protein soils such as egg and milk from dishware and the use of an amylase enzyme improves the removal of carbohydrate soil3 such as starch from dishware.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for a combination of Maxatase and Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) enzymes versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Flgure 2 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) enzymes versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Figure 3 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Maxatase enzyme versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
Flgure 4 illustrates a graph of a percent of egg removal at various water and temperature conditions for Maxacal enzyme versus wash temperature of cleaning at a pH of 9.1.
20~9850 ~ETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions which comprise a nonionic surfactant, a nonaqueous liquid carrier, sodium silicate, a metal inorganic builder salt and a mixture of an amylase enzyme and a protease enzyme and, optionally, a deteryent active material such as a nonionic surfactant, a foam depressant, and a lipase enzyme wherein the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition has a pH of less than 10.5 and the dishwashing detergent composition exhibits maximum cleaning efficiency for both proteins and starches at a wash temperature of 100F to 140F.
The liquid nonionic surfactants that can be, optionally, used in the present nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composltions are well known. A wide variety of the these surfactants can be used.
The nonionic synthetic organic detergents are generally described as ethoxylated propoxylated fatty alcohols which are low-foaming surfactants and are possibly capped, characterized by the presence of an organic hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxyl, hydroxy and amido or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to tne nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a nonionic detergent. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxy ethylene/propylene chain can be 2~98~0 eadily adjusted to achieve the desired balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Typical suitable nonionic surfactants are those disclosed in US Patent Nos. 4,316,812 and 3,630,929.
Preferably, the nonionic detergents that are used are the low foaming poly-lower alkoxylated lipophiles, wherein the desired hydrophile-lipophile balance is obtained from addition of a hydrophilic poly-lower alkoxy group to a lipophilic moiety. A preferred class of the nonionic detergent employed is the poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanol wherein the alkanol is of 9 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein the number of moles of lower alkylene oxide (of 2 or 3 carbon atoms) is from 3 to 15. Of such materials it is preferred to employ those wherein the higher alkanol is a high fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 or 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain from 5 to 8 or 5 to 9 lower alkoxy groups per mole. Preferably, the lower alkoxy is ethoxy but in some instances, it may be desirably mixed with propoxy, the latter, if present, usually being minor (no more than 50~) portion. Exemplary of such compounds are those wherein the alkanol is of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contai.n 7 ethylene oxide groups per mole.
Useful nonionics are represented by the low foaming Plurafac series from BASF Chemical Company whlch are the reaction product of a higher linear alcohol and a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides, containing a mixed chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, terminated by a hydroxyl group. Examples include Product A (a C13-C~5 fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles propylene oxide), Product B (a C~3-C15 fatty alcohol condensed with 7 mole 20~g~
,ropylene oxide and 4 mole ethylene oxide), and Product C (a C13-Cls fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide). A particularly good surfactant is Plurafac 132 which is a capped nonionic surfactant. Another group of low foam liquid nonionics are available from Shell Chemical Company, Inc. under the Dobanol trademark: Dobanol 91-5 is an ethoxylated Cg-Cll fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide and Dobanol 25-7 is an ethoxylated Cl2-CI5 fatty alcohol wlth an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide.
Another liquid nonionic surfactant that can be used is sold under the tradename Lutensol SC 9713.
Synperonic nonionic surfactant such as Synperonic LF D25 or LF RA 30 are especially preferred nonionic surfactants that can be used in the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of the instant invention. Other useful nonionic surfactants are Synperonic RA 30, Synperonic RA 40 and Synperonic RA 340. The Synperonic surfactants are especially preferred because they are biodegradable and low foaming.
Poly-Tergent nonionic surfactants from Olin Organic Chemicals such as Poly-Tergent SLF-18, a biodegradable, low-foaming surfactant i9 specially preEerred for the powdered automatic dishwasher detergent compositions of this instant invention. Poly-Tergent SLF-18, a water dispersible, having a low cloud point has lower surface tension and lower foaming is very suitable for automatic dishwasher detergent.
Other useful surfactants are Neodol 25-7 and Neodol 23-6.5, which products are made by Shell Chemical Company, Inc.
The former is a condensation product of a mixture of higher 2069~V
-atty alcohols averaging 12 to 13 car~on atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups present averages 6.5. The higher alcohols are prlmary alkanols. Other examples of such detergents include Tergltol 15-S-7 and Tergitol 15-S-9 (registered trademarks), both of which are linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates made by Union Carbide Corp. The former is mixed ethoxylation product of 11 to 15 carbon atoms linear secondary alkanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a similar product but with nine moles of ethylene oxide being reacted. Another useful surfactant is Tergitol MDS-42 a mixed ethoxylation product of 13-15 cations alcohols with 10 moles of EO and 5 moles of PO.
Also useful in the present compositions as a component of the nonionic detergent are higher molecular weight nonionics, such as Neodol 45-11, which are similar ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, with the higher fatty alcohol being of 14 to 15 carbon atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups per mole being 11. Such products are also made by Shell Chemical Company.
In the preferred poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanols, to obtain the best balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties the number of lower alkoxies will usually be from 40%
to 100% of the number of carbon atoms in the higher alcohol, preferably 40 to 60% thereof and the nonionic detergent will preferably contain at least 50% of such preferred poly-lower alkoxy higher alkanol.
The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants, which are used alone in conjunction with the aforementioned surfactant and have a hydrophobic group containing from 8 to 20 carbon 2 ~ o Itoms, preferably fxom 10 to 16 carbon atoms, most preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and polysaccharide hydrophilic group containing from 1.5 to 10, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7 saccharide units (e.g., galactoside, glucoside, fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of saccharide moieties may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants.
The number x indicates the number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant. For a particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule x can only assume integral values. In any physical sample of alkyl polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general molecules having different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the average value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. In this specification the values of x are to be understood to be average values. The hydrophobic group (R) can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4- positions rather than at the l-position, (thus giving e.g. a glucosyl or galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside).
However, attachment through the 1-position, i.e., glucosides, galactoside, fructosides, etc., i9 preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are predominately attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2-position. Attachment through the 3-, 4-, and 6-positions can also occur. Optionally and less desirably there can be a polyalkoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide chain. The preferred alkoxide moiety is ethoxide.
~6~5~
Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from 8 to 20, preferably from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
Preferably, the alkyl group is a straight chain saturated alkyl group. The alkyi group can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkoxlde chain can contaln up to 30, preferably less than 10 alkoxide moleties.
Suitable alkylpolysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, trl-, tetra-, penta- and hexaglucosldes, galactosldes, lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls and/or galactosyls and mixtures thereof.
The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the higher alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the alkyl monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. The use of alkyl monosaccharides in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred mode of carrying out the invention. Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, ~etra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.
The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the formula R2O(CnH2nO)r(z)~
wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which said alkyl groups contain from 10 to 1a, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, ~06~850 referably 0; and x is from 1.5 to 8, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2. 7 . To prepare these compounds a long chain alcohol (R2OH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (RIOH) an be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (Cl6) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain alcohol (R2OH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desired alkyl polyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chain alkyl glucoside content of the final alkyl polyglucoside material should be less than 50~, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5~, most preferably 0% of the alkyl polyglucoside.
The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the desired alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than 2~, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight of the tota:L of the alkyl polysaccharide. For some uses it i9 desirable to have the alkyl monosaccharide content less than 10~.
The used herein, ~alkyl polysaccharide surfactant" is intended to represent both the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification, "alkyl polyglucoside~ is used to include alkyl polyglycosides 2 ~
~ecause the stereochemistry of the saccharide moiety is changed during the preparation reaction.
An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG
625 glycoside manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA. APG 25 is a nonionic alkyl polyglycoside characterized by the formula:
CnH2n+lO(C6H~0O5)~H
wherein n=10 (2~); n=12 (65~); n=14 (21-28~); n=16 (4-8~) and n=18 (0.5~) and x (degree of polymerization) = 1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6-8 (10~ of APG 625 in distilled water); a specific gravity at 25C of l.l g/ml; a density at 25C of 9.1 lbs/gallon; a calculated HLB of 12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 35C, 21 spindle, 5-10 RPM of 3,000 to 7,000 cps.
Mixtures of two or more of the liquid nonionic surfactants can be used and in some cases advantages can be Gbtained by the use of such mixtures.
The nonaqueous liquid nonionic surfactant has dispersed therein fine particles or organic and/or inorganic detergent builders. A preferred solid builder salt is an alkali metal polyphosphate such as sodium tripolyphosphate ("TPP"). In place of all or part of the alkali metal polyphosphate one or more other detergent builder salts can be used. Suitable other builder salts are alkali metal carbonates, borates, phosphates, bicarbonates, silicates, lower polycarboxylic acid salts, and polyacrylates, polymaleic anhydrides and copolymers of polyacrylates and polymaleic anhydrides and polyacetal carboxylates.
2a~8~a Specific examples of such builders are sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium sesquicarbonate, sodium mono and diorthophosphate, and potassium bicarbonate. The builder salts can be used alone with the nonionic surfactant or in an admixture with other builders. Typical builders also include those disclosed in U.S. Pat Nos. ~,316,812, 4,264,466 and 3,630,929 and those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,144,226, 4,135,092 and 4,146,495.
A preferred builder salt is sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). The TPP is a blend of anhydrous TPP and a small amount of TPP hexahydrate such that the chemically bound water which corresponds to one H20 per pentasodium tripolyphosphate molecule. Such TPP may be produced by treating anhydrous TPP
with a limited amount of water. The presence of the hexahydrate 910WS down the rapid rate of solution of the TPP
in the wash bath and inhibits caking. One suitable TPP is sold under the name Thermphos NW. The particles size of the Thermphos NW TPP, as supplied, is usually averages 200 microns with the largest particles being 400 micron~.
The alkali metal silicates are useful builder salts which also function to make the composition anti-corrosive so that damage to eating utensils and to automatic dishwashing machine parts is minimized. Sodium silicates of Na20/SiO2 ratios of from 1:1 to 1:2.4 especially 1:2 to 1:3 are preferred.
Potassium silicates of the same ratios can also be used. The 8 ~ ~
~referred alkali metal silicates are sodium disilicate and sodium metasilicate.
Another class of builders useful herein are the water insoluble aluminosilicates, both of the crystalline and amorphous type. Various crystalline zeolites (i.e. alumino-silicates) are described in British Patent No. 1,504,168, U.S.
Patent No. 4,409,136 and Canadian Patent Nos. 1,072,835 and 1,087,477. An example of amorphous zeolites useful herein can be found in Belgium Patent No. 835,351. The zeolites generally have the formula (M20) ,~ (Al203) y (sio2) ~ WH20 wherein x is 1, y is from 0.8 to 1.2 and preferably 1, z is from 1.5 to 3.5 or higher and preferably 2 to 3 and w is from 0 to 9, pxeferably 2.5 to 6 and M is preferably sodium. A
typical zeolite is type A or similar structure, with type 4A
particularly preferred. The preferred aluminosilicates have calcium ion exchange capacities of 200 milliequivalents per gram or greater, e.g. 400 meq/g.
In conjunction with the builder salt are optionally used a low molecular weight polyacrylates which have a molecular weight of 1,000 to 100,000 more preferably 2,000 to 80,000. A preferred low molecular weight polyacrylate is Sokalan~ CP45 manufactured by BASF and having a molecular weight of 4,500. Another preferred low molecular weight polyacrylate is Acrysol~ 45ND manufactured by Rohm and Haas and having a molecular weight of 45,000. A suitable suspending and anti-redepositing agent consists of a copolymer of a polyacid and an acid anhydride. Such a material should have a water absorption at 38C and 78 percent relative 2~s~n lumidity of less than 40 percent and preferably less than 30 percent. The builder is commercially avallable under the tradename of Sokalan CP 45. This is a partially neutralized copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid sodium salt. This suspending and anti-deposition agent also serves to inhibit encrustation, i.e. inhibits the formulation and precipitation of dicalcium phosphate. This suspending agent has a low hygroscopicity as a result of a decreased hydroxyl group content. An objective is to use suspending and anti-redeposition agents that have a low hygroscopicity.
Copolymerized polyacids have this property, and particularly when partially neutralized. AcusolTM 6~0 ND provided by Rohm &
Haas is another useful suspending agent. Other builder salts which can be mixed with the sodium carbonate are gluconates and nitriloacetic acid salts.
The stability against settling properties can be improved by the addition to the composition of a smal] effective amount of phosphoric ester and the viscosity and anti-gel properties of the composition can be improved by adding to the composition an effective amount of an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention the stability of the suspension is increased by including in the composition an acidic organic phosphorus compound having an acidic-POH group. The use of organic phosphoric acid esters as stabilizing additives to nonionic laundry detergent compositions containing polyphosphate builders is well known.
The acidic organic phosphorus compound may be, for instance, a partial ester of phosphoric acid and an alcohol 2~9~50 ;uch as an alkanol which has a lipophilic character, having, for instance, more than 5 carbon atoms, e.g. 8 to 20 carbon atoms. A specific example is a partial ester of phosphoric acid and a C~ to Cl8 alkanol (Empiphos 5632 from Marchon); it ls made up of 35~ monoester and 65~ diester. The inclusion of quite small amounts o~ the acidic organic phosphorus compound makes the suspension significantly more stable against settling on standing but remains pourable and decreases its plastic viscosity. It is believed that the use of the acidic phosphorus compound may result in the ~ormation of a high energy physical bond between the -POH portion of the molecule and the surfaces of the inorganic polyphosphate builder so that these surfaces take on an organic character and become more compatible with the nonionic surfactant.
The thickening agents that can be used are those that will swell and develop thixotropic properties in a nonaqueous environment. These include organic polymeric materials and inorganic and organic modified clays. Essentially, any clay can be used as long as it will swell in a nonaqueous medium and develop thixotropic properties. A preferred clay is bentonite organoclay. A swelling agent is used with the bentonite clay. The preferred swelling agent is a combination of propylene carbonate and tripropylene glycol methyl ether.
However, any other substance that will cause bentonite to swell in a nonaqueous environment and thus develop thixotropic properties can be used.
Suitable polymeric thickening agents are polycarboxylate polymers such as Carbopol polymers manufactured by B.F.
Goodrich. Carbopol 614 and Carbopol 617 are especially 2~9~
?referred polymeric thickening agents. Another class of suitable thickening agents are ~ilicas such as Cab-O-Sil which are useful at a concentration of 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent.
Another class of thickening agents are polyacrylates having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 50,000. An especially preferred polyacrylate is Sokalan CP 45, manufactured by BASF
and Acrysol~ 45ND manufactured by Rohm Haas. These polyacrylates are used at a concentration level of 0.1 to 10 weight percent.
Other polymeric thickening agents are low molecular weight associative thickeners such as Dapral~) T210 and T212 from AKZO chemicals. Dapral T210 and T212 are low molecular weight dialkyl polyglycol ethers with an average molecular weight of 8000. They are liquids and soluble and compatible in non-aqueous media. Specially preferred is Dapral T210 in 1-5~ and in combination with other thickening agents such as colloidal silica.
Essentially, any compatible anti-foaming agent can be used. Preferred anti-foaming agents are silicone anti-foaming agents. These are alkylated polysiloxanes and include polydimethyl siloxanes, polydiethyl siloxanes, polydibutyl siloxanes, phenyl rnethyl siloxanes, dimethyl silanated silica, trimethysilanated silica and triethylsilanated silica.
Suitable anti-foam agents are Silicone L7604 and DB-100.
Other suitable anti-foaming agents are Selecore DB 700 used at 0.2 to 1.0 weight %, sodium stearate used at a concentration and of 0.5 to 1.0 weight ~. Another class of suitable foam depressants used at concentration levels of 0 to 1.5 weight 2~8~
;, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 weight ~. are the alkyl phosphoric acid esters of the formula H--OP--R
I
OR
available from BASF-Wyandotte and the alkyl phosphate esters of the formula HO--P--R
OR
available from Hooker (SAP) and Knapsac~ (LPKn-158) in which one or both R groups in each type of ester may be represented independently by a Cl2~20 alkyl or ethoxylated alkyl group.
The perfumes that can be used include lemon perfume and other natural scents. Essentially, any opacifier pigment that is compatible with the remaining components of the detergent formulation can be used. A useful and preferred opacifier i9 titanium dioxide.
The nonaqueous carrier materials that can be used for the liquid automatic di3hwashing detergent compositions are contained in the composition at a concentration level of at least 40 wt.~ to 65 wt.~, more preferably at least 45 wt.~
to 60 wt.~, are those that have a low hydroscopicity. These include the higher glycols, polyglycols, polyoxides and glycol ethers. Suitable substances are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether (DM), dipropylene glycol 2~6~g50 nethyl ether (DPMI), propylene glycol methyl acetate (PMA), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA), ethylene glycol n-butyl ether and ethylene glycol dipropyl ether. A
preferred nonaqueous carrier of the instant invention is polyethylene glycol 200 or polyethylene glycol 300.
Other useful solvents are ethylene oxide/propylene oxide, propylene oxide liquid random copolymer such as Synalox so solvent series from Dow Chemical (Synalox 50-50B). Other suitable solvents are propylene glycol ethers such as PnB, DPnB and TPnB (propylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol mono n-butyl ethers sold by Dow Chemical under the tradename Dowanol. Also tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether "TPM Dowanol" from Dow Chemical is suitable. Another useful series of solvents are supplied by CCA biochem b.u. of Holland such as Plurasolv ~ML, Plurasolv REL (s), Plurasolv REL, Plurasolv RIPL and Plurasolv RRBL.
Mixtures of PEG solvent with Synalox or PnB, DPnB, TPnB
and TPM solvents are also useful. Preferred mixtures are PEG
300/Synalox 50-50B and PEG 300/TPnB in weight ratios of 95:5 to 50:50. EP/PO capped nonionic surfactants can be llsed as a liquid solvent carrier and an example of such a nonionic surfactant is Plurafac LF 132 sold by BASF.
The stabilizing system of the instant compositions comprise a finely divided silica such as Cab-O-Sil M5, PTG or Aerosil 200 which are used at a concentration level of 0 to 4.0 weight percent, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 weight ~.
Also employed as a stabilizing system are mixtures of finely ~ivided silica such as Cab-O-Sil, and nonionic associative thickeners such as Dapral T210, T~12 (Akzo) which are low molecular weight dialkyl polyglycol ethers with a dumbbell-like structure or Pluracol TH 916 and ~H 922 (BASF) associative thickeners having star-like structure with a hydrophilic core and hydrophobic tail. These thickeners are used at concentration levels of 0 to 5.0 weight percent together with 0 to 2.0 weight percent of finely divided silica. Other useful stabilizing systems are blends of organoclay and hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer (HPC). A
suitable organoclay is Bentone NL27 gel sold by NL Chemical.
A suitable cellulose polymer is Klucel M Cellulose having a molecular weight of 1,000,000 and is sold by Aqualon Company.
Bentone gel contains 9~ Bentone NL 27 powder (100 percent active), 88 percent TPM solvent (tripropylene glycol mono methyl ether) and 3 percent propylene carbonate (polar additive). The organic modified clay thickeners are used at concentration levels of 0 weight percent to 15 weight percent in conjunction with Klucel M at concentration levels of 0 to 0.5 weight percent, more preferably 0.2 weight percent to 0.4 weight percent. Another useful thickening agent is a high molecular weight long chain fatty alcohol (C20-C40) such as UnilinTM 425 sold by Petrolite chemicals.
A key aspect is to keep the free water (non-chemically bounded water) in the detergent composition at a minimum.
Absorbed and adsorbed water are two types of free water, and comprise the usual free water found in a detergent composition. Free water will have the affect of deactivating the enzymes.
8 ~ ~
The deter~ent composition of the present invention can possibly include a peroxygen bleaching agent at a concentration level of 2 to 15 wt.~. The oxygen bleaching agents that can be used are alkali metal perborate, perphthalic acid, percarbonate and perphosphates, and potassium monopersulfate. A preferred compound is sodium perborate monohydrate. The peroxygen bleaching compound is preferably used in admixture with an activator thereof.
Suitable activators are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,264,466 or in column 1 of U.S. Patent No. 4,430,244.
Polyacylated compounds are preferred activators. Suitable preferred activators are tetraacetyl ethylene diamine ("TAED"), pentaacetyl glucose, and ethyledine benzoate acetate.
The activator which is present at a concentration level of 0.5 to 5.0 wt.~ usually interacts with the peroxygen compound to form a peroxyacid bleaching agent in the wash water. It is preferred to include a sequestering agent of high complexing power to inhibit any undesired reaction between such peroxyacid and hydrogen peroxide in the wash solution in the pre~ence of metal ions. Suitable se~1e~tering agents include the sodium salts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDT~), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DETPA), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphoric acid (DTPMP) sold under the tradename DEQUEST 2066 and ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphoric acid (~DITEMPA). The sequestering agents can be used alone or in an admixture.
2~6~85~
The detergent ~ormulation also contains a ternany mixture of two protease enzymes and an amylase enzyme and, optionally, a lipase enzyme that serve to attack and remove organic residues on glasses, plates, pots, pans and eating utensils.
Lipolytic enzymes can also be used in the liquid automatic dishwasher detergent composition. Proteolytic enzymes remove protein residues, lipolytic enzymes fat residues and amylolytic enzymes remove starches. Proteolytic enzymes include the protease enzymes subtilisn, bromelin, papain, trypsin and pepsin. Amylolytic enzymes include alpha-amylase enzymes. Lipolytic enzymes include the lipase enzymes. The preferred amylase enzyme is available under the name Maxamyl, derived from Bacillus liceniformis and is available from Gist-Brocades of the Netherlands in the form of nonaqueous slurry (18 wt.~ of enzyme) having an activity of abut 40,000 TA u/g.
The preferred protease enzymes are available under the name Maxatase, and is derived from a novel Bacillus strain designated "PB92" wherein a culture of the Bacillus is deposited with the Laboratory for Microbiology of the Technical University of Delft and has the number OR-60 and Maxapem 15 or 42 are derived from Bacillus alcalophylus which is high alkaline mutant proteolytic enzyme and both are available from Gist-brocades, of the Netherlands.
Maxatase protease enzyme is a low alkaline B.
licheniformis protease 600,000 DU/g which is supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent) by International BioSynthetics (Gist-Brocades). Maxapem 15 or 42 protease enzyme is also supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent) and is available from Gist-Brocades, Maxapem 42 with 2~98~0 ctivity 900,000 ADU/g and ~axapem 15 with activlty 400,000 ADU/g. Maxamyl amylase enzyme is a thermostable B.
licheniformis alpha-amylase (39,500 TAU/g) which is supplied in a nonaqueous slurry (18 weight percent~ by International BioSynthetics (Gist-Brocades). Preferred enzyme activities per wash are Maxapem 42/Maxatase protease 250-1,000 KADU/KDU
and ~axamyl 4,000-10,000 TAU per wash. At a concentration level of 1.75~, Maxatase, 1.75~ Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 (Maxapem 42) and 1.0~ Maxamyl in the instant automatic dishwashing compositions, a 25 gram dose of automatic dishwashing composition per wash delivered 9,875 TAU of Maxamyl amylase and 65~,250 DU/ADU of protease enzymes.
The weight ratio of the two Protease enzymes to the amylolytic enzyme in the nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwasher detergent compositions is 6:1 to 1.1:1 more preferably 4.5:1 to 1.2:1. The weight ratio of Maxatase to Protein Engineered Maxacal enzyme 42 is 1.8:1 to 1:1.
The detergent composition can ha~e a fairly wide ranging composition. The surfactant can comprise 0 to 15 percent by weight of the composition, more preferably 2 to 15 percent by weight, and most preferably 4 to 12 percent by weight. The soil suspending agent which is preferably a copolymerized polyacrylic acid will be present in an amount of 0 to 20 percent by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 percent by weight and most preferably 3 to 8 percent by weight. The anti-foaming agent will be present in an amount of 0 to 2.5 percent by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2.0 percent by weight and most preferably 0.2 to 1.5 percent by weight.
The builder, which ls preferably sodium tripolyphosphate, is 2 ~ 5 ~
?resent in an amount of 10 to 40 percent by weight, more preferably 20 to 38 percent by weight and most preferably 20 to 35 percent by weight.
The thickener, which is preferably a bentonite clay gel, is a mixture of propylene carbonate and tri-propylene glycol methyl ether (TPM) and Bentone NL 27 is preferred, it is present in an amount of 0 to lS percent by weight, more preferably 5 to 10 percent by weight.
Other useful thickeners are fatty acid and metal fatty acid salts as described in U.S. Patents 4,752,409 and 4,836,946 are also useful thickeners used at a concentrate level of 0.02 to 5 weight percent, more preferably 0.02 to 3 weight percent, and most preferably 0.05 to 3.0 weight percent. Other useful thickeners are polycarboxylate polymers such as Carbopol polymers manufactured by B.F. Goodrich at concentration levels of 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent and more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent. Low molecular weight polyacrylate polymers such as Sokolan~ CP45, Acusol~ 460ND, and Acrysol~ 45ND are useful as thickeners at concentration levels of 0.1 to 10.0 weight percent, and more preferably at 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent.
The alkali silicate, of which sodium silicate i9 preferred, will be present in an amount of 0 to 15 percent by weight, more preferably 6 to 12 percent by weight and most preferably 3 to 9 percent by weight. The opacifier pigment will be present in an amount of 0.0 to 1.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight and most preferably 0.5 percent by weight.
2 0 ~ 0 The enzymes will be presen~ in slurry form (18~ enzyme in polyethylene ~lycol 400) in an amount of 0.8 to 16.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.9 to 14.0 percent by weight, and most preferably 1.0 to 12.0 percent by weight. The Maxatase and Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 proteases in the automatic dishwashing composition enzyme will comprise 0.5 to 12.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.7 to 10.0 weight percent and most preferably 0.8 to 9.0 percent by weight. The amylase enzyme will comprise 0.3 to 6.0 percent by weight, more preferably 0.4 to 3.0 weight percent and most preferably 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent. The lipase enzyme will comprise 0.00 to 8.0 percent by weight of the detergent composition. Other components such as color and perfumes will be comprised of 0.1 to 1.0 percent by weight of the detergent composition. ~nother suitable lipase is Lipolas 30T
from Novo Corporation. Another useful lipase enzyme is Amano PS lipase provided by Amunco International Enzyme Co, Inc. The lipase enzymes are especially beneficial in reducing grease residues and related filming problems on glasses and dishware.
The remainder of the detergent composition will be comprised of the nonaqueous carrier. This will range from 15 to 65 weight percent, more preferably 25 to 57 weight percent, and most preferably 40 to 55 weight percent.
The detergent formulation is produced by combining the liquid components consisting of the carrier, surfactant and anti-foam agent and then adding the builder salt (TPP), the anti-redeposition agent (copolymerized polyacrylic acld) and alkali metal silicate. This mixture is then ground in a ball mill (Attritor or Netzsch) to a particle size of less than 40 ~9 ~OS98~
icrons, and preferably to a size of 4 to 5 microns. The enzyme mixture is then added. The enzymes preferably will be in a polyethylene glycol slurry. This enzyme mixture is mixed into the ground slurry. Then the thickener, thickener swelling agents, opacifiers, brighteners, stabilizing agents and perfumes are added. After a thorough mixing, the detergent composition is packaged.
The concentrated nonaqueous liquid nonionic automatic dishwashing detexgent compositions of the present invention disperses readily in the water in the dishwashing machine.
The presently used home dishwashing machines have a measured capacity for 80cc or 90 grams of detergent. In normal use, for example, for a full load of dirty dishes 60 grams of powdered detergent are normally used.
In accordance with the present invention only 20cc to 35 cc or 40 grams or less of the concentrated liquid nonionic detergent composition is needed, and more preferably 20cc or 25 grams of concentrated liquid is used per dispenser cup.
The normal operation of an automatic dishwashing machine can involve the following steps or cycles: washing, rinse cycles with hot water. The entire wash and rinse cycles require 120 minutes. The temperature of the wash water is 100F to 140F and the temperature of the rinse water is 100F to 140F. The wash and rinse cycles use 8 to 12 liters of water for the wash cycle and 8 to 12 liters of water of the rinse cycle.
The highly concentrated nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent compositions exhibit excellent cleaning properties of proteinaceous soils such as egg and starchy 2 ~ 5 ~
~rbohydrates such as oatmeal and minimizes the forrnation of spots and films on the dishware and glasses. In an embodiment of the invention the stability of the builder salts in the composition during storage and the dispersibility of the composition in water is improved by grinding and reducing the particle size of the solid builders to less than 100 microns, preferably less than 40 microns and more preferably to less than 10 microns. The solid builders are generally supplied in particle sizes of 100, 200 or 400 microns. The nonionic liquid surfactant phase can be possibly mixed with the solid builders prior to carrying out the grinding operation.
In the grinding operation it is preferred that the proportion of solid ingredients be high enough (e.g. at least 40~, such as 50~) that the solid particles are in contact with each other and are not substantially shielded from one another by the nonionic surfactant liq~id. After the grinding step any remaining liquid nonionic surfactant can be added to the ground formulation. Mills which employ grinding balls (ball mills) or similar mobile grinding elements give very good results. For larger scale work a continuously operating mill in which there are 1 mm. or 1.5 mm diameter grinding balls working in a very small gap between a stator and a rotor operating at a relatively high speed e.g. a CoBall mill or a Netzsch ball mill may be employed; when using such a mill, it i9 desirable to pass the blend of nonionic surfactant and solids first through a mill which does not effect such fine grinding (e.g. to 40 microns) prior to the step of grinding 2 ~ 0 :o an average particle diameter be]ow 10 microns in the continuous ball mill.
It is also contemplated within the scope of this invention to form compositions without grinding, wherein he particle size has a distribution of 60-120 microns. In a preferred embodiment the detergent builder particles have a particle size distribution such that no more than 10~ by weight o~ said particles have a particle size of more than 10 microns.
2 ~
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Example 1 The concentrated nonaqueous liquid dishwasher detergent compositions are formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified.
Comparison Maxatase and Maxapem 42Maxapem 42Maxatase Maxacal Ingredients Comp(a) _ Comp(b) Comp(c~ Comp(d) Polyethylene Glycol 300 Q.S. Q.S. Q.S. Q.S.
Synperionic LFD 25 Surfactant 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 Sodium Silicate (Na2O:SiO2/l:2) 9.00 8.00 9.00 9.00 Sodium Tripolyphosphate-Anhy.30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 Sokolan CP 45 Polymer5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Maxamyl Amylase Enzyme Slurry (activity: 42,800 TAU/g) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Maxacal Protea~e Enzyme Slurry (activity: 890,509 ADU/g) -- -- -- 3-5 Protein Engineered Maxacal 42 Slurry (activity: 900,228 ADU/g) 1.75 9.50 -- -Maxata~e Protease Enzyme Slurry (activity: 604,000 DU/g) 1.75 -- 3.50 --pH (1~ solution) 9.10 9.10 9.10 9.10 206~8~0 aboratory Cleanlng Perf _mance Laboratory performance of the compositions of Example were carried out using multi-soils at various temperatures and water hardness conditions. This is done to show differences between the prototype Eormulations. Egg soil was prepared by mixing egg yolk with an equal amount of 2.5 N calcium chloride solution. 0.4 grams of this mixture was applied as thin cross-wise film to the usable surface of 7.5 inch china plates. The plates were aged in 50% relative humidity overnight. Oatmeal soil was prepared by boiling 24 grams of Quaker Oats in 400 ml of tap water for ten minutes. 3 grams of this mixture was spread as thin film onto a 7.5 inch china plate. The plates were aged for 2 hours at 80C (176F). They were then stored overnight at room temperature. Two plates of each egg and oatmeal were used per wash. The plates were placed in the same positions in the dishwasher. 25 grams of the detergent was used as a single dose per wash. All plates were scored by measuring the percent area cleaned. The multi-90il cleaning test results are reported below. The results tabulated were average of at least 2 runs. Average results reflect the average performance results obtained in three different water conditions in given temperatures and the overall average showed the average results obtained in five temperature in three different water conditions and these results were also shown graphically in Figures 1-4. The performance rating shows a normalized result with Maxacal Protease Enzyme and oatmeal cleaning was not considered in calculations. Maxacal (Composition d) is the worst performer and is not suitable for such high 135-140F temperature wash 20~98~
onditions. The optimum water temperature recommended by Autodish manufacturers for US is 140F. Composition a which uses a binary mixture o~ Maxatase and Maxapem 42 in combination with Maxamyl exhibits the highest performance in a temperature range of 100 to 140F whereas the Maxatase (Composition c) or Maxapem 42 (Composition b) did not provide as good performance as Composition a.
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Claims (16)
1. A nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition comprising a mixture of two protease enzymes and an amylase enzyme and a carrier selected from the group of polyalkylene glycols and alcohol ethers, and a builder salt.
2. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 wherein said dishwashing composition contains in slurry form 0.5 to 12.0 percent by weight of said protease enzyme and 0.3 to 6.0 weight percent of said amylase enzyme.
3. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 2 wherein said dishwashing composition further contains a lipase enzyme.
4. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 wherein said carrier material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol and alcohol ethers, and said dishwashing composition has a free water content of less than 4 percent by weight.
5. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 4 wherein said two dishwashing compositions has a free water content of less than 3 percent by weight.
6. The concentrated nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 wherein said dishwashing composition includes 2 to 15 percent by weight of a nonionic surfactant.
7. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing according to Claim 2 which comprises an effective amount of one or more adjuvants selected from the group consisting of anti-encrustation agents, oxygen bleaching agents, bleaching agent activators, sequestering agents, anti-corrosion agents, anti-foam agents, opacifiers and perfumes.
8. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 7 which includes 0 to 20 percent by weight of a copolymerized polyacrylic acid.
9. The concentrated nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 8 which includes 0 to 7.0 percent by weight of a stabilizer.
10. The concentrated nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 which includes 0 to 8.0 weight percent of a lipase enzyme.
11. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 9 which contains an alkali metal perborate.
12. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 11 which contains an alkali metal perborate activator.
13. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 which contains an anti-foaming agent.
14. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 1 wherein said dishwashing composition comprises in percent by weight:
stabilizer 0 - 7.0%
alkali metal silicate 3.0 - 15.0%
liquid nonionic surfactant 0 - 12.0 alkali metal phosphate 20.0 - 40.0 anti-foaming agent 0 - 1.5%
protease enzyme 0.5 - 12.0 amylase enzyme 0.3 - 6.0%
liquid 25.0 - 45.0%
stabilizer 0 - 7.0%
alkali metal silicate 3.0 - 15.0%
liquid nonionic surfactant 0 - 12.0 alkali metal phosphate 20.0 - 40.0 anti-foaming agent 0 - 1.5%
protease enzyme 0.5 - 12.0 amylase enzyme 0.3 - 6.0%
liquid 25.0 - 45.0%
15. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 8, wherein said two protease enzymes are Maxatase, and Maxapem 15 or Maxapem 42 and said amylase enzyme is Maxamyl amylase enzyme, a weight ratio of said protease enzyme to said amylase enzyme being 6:1 to 1.1:1.
16. The nonaqueous liquid dishwashing composition according to Claim 14, wherein said stabilizer is a finely divided silica.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US70832291A | 1991-05-31 | 1991-05-31 | |
US7/708,322 | 1991-05-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2069850A1 true CA2069850A1 (en) | 1992-12-01 |
Family
ID=24845334
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2069850 Abandoned CA2069850A1 (en) | 1991-05-31 | 1992-05-28 | Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing composition containing enzymes |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU651686B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2069850A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI922488A (en) |
GR (1) | GR920100238A (en) |
NO (1) | NO922047L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ242836A (en) |
PT (1) | PT100542A (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2727463A1 (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-01-05 | Procter & Gamble | DETERGENT PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR USE IN DISHWASHING MACHINES |
GB8321924D0 (en) * | 1983-08-15 | 1983-09-14 | Unilever Plc | Enzymatic machine-dishwashing compositions |
US4753748A (en) * | 1986-08-28 | 1988-06-28 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Nonaqueous liquid automatic dishwashing detergent composition with improved rinse properties and method of use |
-
1992
- 1992-05-13 AU AU16258/92A patent/AU651686B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-05-20 NZ NZ24283692A patent/NZ242836A/en unknown
- 1992-05-25 NO NO92922047A patent/NO922047L/en unknown
- 1992-05-28 CA CA 2069850 patent/CA2069850A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-05-29 PT PT10054292A patent/PT100542A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-05-29 FI FI922488A patent/FI922488A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-05-29 GR GR920100238A patent/GR920100238A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI922488A (en) | 1992-12-01 |
AU1625892A (en) | 1992-12-03 |
PT100542A (en) | 1993-11-30 |
NO922047D0 (en) | 1992-05-25 |
FI922488A0 (en) | 1992-05-29 |
NO922047L (en) | 1992-12-01 |
AU651686B2 (en) | 1994-07-28 |
NZ242836A (en) | 1995-02-24 |
GR920100238A (en) | 1993-03-31 |
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