CA2067322A1 - Tundish with improved flow control - Google Patents
Tundish with improved flow controlInfo
- Publication number
- CA2067322A1 CA2067322A1 CA002067322A CA2067322A CA2067322A1 CA 2067322 A1 CA2067322 A1 CA 2067322A1 CA 002067322 A CA002067322 A CA 002067322A CA 2067322 A CA2067322 A CA 2067322A CA 2067322 A1 CA2067322 A1 CA 2067322A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- tundish
- wall
- passageway
- flow control
- Prior art date
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Abstract
TUNDISH WITH IMPROVED FLOW CONTROL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A tundish includes first and second flow control walls which define a flow receiving space. A plurality of outlets are located in the bottom of the tundish and toward the front thereof. Each flow control wall includes a plurality of openings located closer to the back of the tundish than toward the front and located closer to the bottom of the flow control wall than the top thereof.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A tundish includes first and second flow control walls which define a flow receiving space. A plurality of outlets are located in the bottom of the tundish and toward the front thereof. Each flow control wall includes a plurality of openings located closer to the back of the tundish than toward the front and located closer to the bottom of the flow control wall than the top thereof.
Description
2~73~
The present invention relates to a device ~or contrcllling the ~low o~ liquid metal, particularly a tundish for directing liquid metal ~rom a ladle to a plurality of mold~ in ~ continuous ca~ting process~
When liquid metal is poured from a ladle normally containing only a single outlet into a multiple number of mold , an intermediate vessel called a tundish is requir~d to di~tribute the metal between these molds. Practical ~ considerations, such as, ease of installation and repair of ; ~he refractory lining o th~ tundish to th~ relationship of I5 the tundish to the molds and secondary cooling apparatus, indicate the requirement for a simpl tundish shape which can supply m~tal at a nearly constant rate to molds which : are arranged alo~g a single axi~.
In the prior art, a very simple tundish consisting of either a trough or box shaped v~ssel having a gznerally horixontal or flat bottora with walls is co~monly used. In th2~e de~igns, the stream p~uring fro~
the ladle enters the tundish in a position adiasent to one or more o~ th~ tundi~h nozzle outlets, generally on or close to the axis which adjoin~ the tundi~h nozzle center~.
The problems encountered with these tundish arrangements include:
lo Thermal nonhomogeneity in the liquid metal contained in the tundish. This results in tundish exit stream~ having clifferent temperatures with the colder metal A'131134 ~73~
exiting the nozzle furthest from the ladle strPam and hotter metal exiting from the streams closest to the ladle stream.
2. Short-circuit flow and different liquid metal residence time distributions associated with each tundish to mold stream.
The present invention relates to a device ~or contrcllling the ~low o~ liquid metal, particularly a tundish for directing liquid metal ~rom a ladle to a plurality of mold~ in ~ continuous ca~ting process~
When liquid metal is poured from a ladle normally containing only a single outlet into a multiple number of mold , an intermediate vessel called a tundish is requir~d to di~tribute the metal between these molds. Practical ~ considerations, such as, ease of installation and repair of ; ~he refractory lining o th~ tundish to th~ relationship of I5 the tundish to the molds and secondary cooling apparatus, indicate the requirement for a simpl tundish shape which can supply m~tal at a nearly constant rate to molds which : are arranged alo~g a single axi~.
In the prior art, a very simple tundish consisting of either a trough or box shaped v~ssel having a gznerally horixontal or flat bottora with walls is co~monly used. In th2~e de~igns, the stream p~uring fro~
the ladle enters the tundish in a position adiasent to one or more o~ th~ tundi~h nozzle outlets, generally on or close to the axis which adjoin~ the tundi~h nozzle center~.
The problems encountered with these tundish arrangements include:
lo Thermal nonhomogeneity in the liquid metal contained in the tundish. This results in tundish exit stream~ having clifferent temperatures with the colder metal A'131134 ~73~
exiting the nozzle furthest from the ladle strPam and hotter metal exiting from the streams closest to the ladle stream.
2. Short-circuit flow and different liquid metal residence time distributions associated with each tundish to mold stream.
3. Turbulence within the tundish cau~ed by the dissipation of the kinetic energy in the ladle streams.
The turbulence is propagated above adjacent tundish nozzles and di~turbs the smooth flow which is required to properly fill the molds.
~. This turbulence and the pattern of liquid metal flow within the tundish does not allow the separation by floatation of buoyant slag and inclusion particles entrained within the liquid metalO
5. The pattern of flow generated within the tundish can include stagnant or dead flow regions indicating that the input en0rgy from the incoming ladle stream i8 not properly distributed.
More complex tu~dish geometries have been used with the objective of allowing the ladle stream entry position to be displaced away from the axis joining the tundish exit-nozzle centers in order to alleviate some of the a~ove problems. These include T-shape and Delta-shape tundish designs. These designs are partially effective at reducing the problems associated with turbulence by moving the turbulent region further away from the exit nozzle positions. However, this can exacerbate problems associated with stagnant regions, thermal homogeneity, short-circuit flow patterns, liquid residence distribution, re~ractory life and repaix, and inclusion removal.
Other prior art tundishes are disclosed in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,711,429, 4,671,499, 4,653,733, 4,177,855 and ~13834 2~6732~
: 4,042,229. Some of these have only been used ~or limitedpurposes, such as ~or mixing alloys with dif~ere~t speci~ic gravities. None o~ the tundishes can solve all of the problems o~ stagnant regions, thermal non homogeneity, short circuit flow patterns, liquid residence distribution, refractory life and repair and inclusion removal.
Thus, an object of the present invention is to : provide a tundish which i~ uncompli~ated/ and which obviates or mitigates the foregoing problems.
This object and others are accomplished by a tundish having a bottom wall, a front wall and a ~ack wal~, : the bottom wall having an outlet. A flow control wall is arranged in the tundish~to de~ine a ~19w receiving space.
The ~low control wall extends ~rom the ~ront wall to t~e back wall and includes (1) a passageway for allowing ~low from the ~low receiving space to the outlet, the passageway being closer to the ~ront wall then to the back wall, and being closer to a bottom of.` the flow control wall than a t~p thereo~ and (2) means for preventing flow from the ~low reeeiving space to the outlet exc~pt t~rough the passaq~way~
Preferably, there ar~ two ~low con~rol walls which are spaced to de~ine a flow receiving pace in which turbulence is contained and a localized mixing zone is pro;noted~ Additionally, flow within the tundish is not sensitive to the ladle pouring po-~ition nor to the vertical impingement of the incoming la~le pouring stream.
Other ~eatures and advantagPs o~ the pre~ent invention Will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the present inven-tion, the details of which will now be described by way of #Ua~ example only, and with reference -to the attached figures, wherein~
~7~2 ~ Fig. 1 is a top ~iew of a tundish in accordance : with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a side view of a ~low control wall for the tundish of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the wall of Fig~ 2 through the line 3-3, Fig. 4 is another top view of the tundish of Fig.
~ with the flow control walls removed;
: 10 Fig. 5 is another side view of thP ~low control wall o~ Fig. 2;
FigO 6 is a side view of th~ flow control wall in accordance with another embodiment of the present inv~ntion.
Referring now to th~ drawings, there is shown in Fig. 1 a tundish which is constructed in acGorda~ce with the principles of the present invention ~nd which is indica~ed generally by re~erenc~ numeral 10.
The tundish 10 ha~; a bottom wall 12, a front wall 14, a baek wall 16, and end walls 18 and 20. The back wall 16 is delta shaped such that a middle r~gion 22 of th~ back wall 16 is spaced farther away from the front wall 14 than the lengthF of the endwalls 18 and 20. The middle portlon ; 25 22 is generally parallel to the fron~ wall 14 and is conne~ted to the endwalls 18, 20 by angl~d portions 24, 26, r~spectively.
There are a plurality o~ outlets 28, 30, 32 and 3~ through the bottom wall 12. The purpose of the outlets 28-34 is to allow liquid m2tal to drain from the tundish into a plurality of casting molds (not shown) located generally beneath the outlets 28-34. Four outl~ts 28-34 ~913334 2~3~
are illus rated in Fig. 1, but there may be more or less outlets.
Ba~fles or flow control wall 36 and 38 are inserted into the tundish and extend from the front wall 14 5to the back wall 16. The flow control wall 36 is illustrated in detail in Fi~ 2. The flow control wall 36 has a bottom edge 39 and a top edge 40. The top edge 40 is higher than the normal top level 42 of the liquid metal ih he tundish 10. This way, floating inclusions and slag 10between the flow control walls 36, 38 are kept between the flow control walls 36, 38. The side walls 44 and 46 of the wall 36 are angled separate to continuously join the angled front and back walls 14, 16.
A passageway for allowing liquid metal to flow 15from the flow receiving space to the outlets is located in the lower front quadrant of the flow control wall 36. The other three quadrants of the flow control wall 36 are solid such that liquid metal can flow from the flow receiving space to one or more of l:he outlets only through the 20passageway. The passageway itcelf can be formed in a variety of different ways but it has been found advantageous to have the passageway be angled generally upwardly and toward the front wall 14. Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the passageway is formed 25of four openings 48-54 with the upper holes 52 and 54 being located generally in front of the respective bottom holes 48, 50.
The openings 48--54 should be placed in the lower quadrant of the flow control wall 36 or 38 opposite the 30quadrant which contains the center line of the tundish outlets 28, 30, 32 and 34. The angling of the openings both upward and toward the front wall is a function of the length of the tundish 10 and the number of openings and is ~13a3~
3 ~ 2 generally in the range of between 0 and 45 degrees. For example, for 2 to 5 openings, the angles of the openings may be from 20 to 45 degrees, and for 6 to 8 openings, th~
angles may be between 0 and 20.
The velo~ity of the flow passing through a flow control wall 36 or 38 must he ~ufficient to mix the liquid metal on the downstream side of the b~ffle with an intensity which causes the temperature of the liquid metal to be nearly homogeneous at each point where the liquid metal Pxits the tundish 10. Excessive velocity, however, will reduce the residence time of the liquid metal within the tundish 10, thereby inhibiting the separation by floatation of large inclusions and entrained slay material passing through a flow control wall. Thi~ velocity is directly related to the flow of liquid metal, expressed as the mass flow per unit kime ~e.g. tons/min) passing through the flow control wall divided by the cross sectional area o~ the openings of the flow control wall~ For example, in a case where 1.0 tons/min of liquid steel are passing through a flow control wall containing 4 openings 4~-54, e~ch of four inch diameter, the specific throughput may be calculated as:
1. 0 tons/min / 4 holes X 4 ~ sq. in. = 0.02. For the specific throughput of liquid steel in these units, the desired range is 0.015 to 0.025 tons/min/sq. in. The number of strands (i.e. number of tundish outlets) in a tundish determines the optimum value within thP range. Six to eight strand tundishes will be optimized at the high end of this range, wherein two to five strand tundishes will be optimized at the lower end. For a desixed flow (i.e.
tons/min) passing through a flow control wall, this fo~mula allows khe desired number of openinss of a given size to be easily determined.
#13834 2~7~
The dimensions of the tundish are important in terms of controlling flow as desired. Accordingly, dimensions of the tundish illustrated in Fig. 1 and the flow control walls illustrated in ~ig. 2 are provided in Figs. 4 and 5.
The separation of the flow control walls 36 and 38 determines the volume of the region in which the momentum of the ncoming flow from the ladle is dissipated by turbulence in a tundish 10 of given cross section. The momentum of the inlet flow from the ladle is related to the quantity of flow (e.g., cu. ft. of liquid metal/min), while the volume of the region is the product of th2 separation of the flow control walls 36 and 38 and the average cross-sectional area of tundish between the walls 36 and 38 occupi~d ~y liquid metal at the normal operating depth.
The turbulence intensity factor is calculated, therefore, as follows:
tundish~inlet_flow (cu.ft/min.L
average tundish cross-section between flow walls (5q. ft) x flow wall separation (ft.) A desired range ~or this factor is 0.28 to 0.36 min I.
The tundish inlet flow is determined by operations requirements (i.e., the desired through-put o~
metal)r Therefore, for a gi~en tundish cross-section the desired flow control wall separation can be easily determined.
Another flow control wall 60 which has proven to be advantageous is illustrated in Fig. 6. The flow control wall 60 is generally similar to the flow control wall 36 in that there is a passageway 62 located in a lower front quadrant and in that the other three quadrant~ of the flow control wall 60 are solid such that liquid metal can flow from the flow receiving space to an outlet only through the ~13834 , 2 passageway 62. The passageway 62 has a ho].e 64 which is located generally above and in front of a hole 66, and another hole 68.
Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
/~13834
The turbulence is propagated above adjacent tundish nozzles and di~turbs the smooth flow which is required to properly fill the molds.
~. This turbulence and the pattern of liquid metal flow within the tundish does not allow the separation by floatation of buoyant slag and inclusion particles entrained within the liquid metalO
5. The pattern of flow generated within the tundish can include stagnant or dead flow regions indicating that the input en0rgy from the incoming ladle stream i8 not properly distributed.
More complex tu~dish geometries have been used with the objective of allowing the ladle stream entry position to be displaced away from the axis joining the tundish exit-nozzle centers in order to alleviate some of the a~ove problems. These include T-shape and Delta-shape tundish designs. These designs are partially effective at reducing the problems associated with turbulence by moving the turbulent region further away from the exit nozzle positions. However, this can exacerbate problems associated with stagnant regions, thermal homogeneity, short-circuit flow patterns, liquid residence distribution, re~ractory life and repaix, and inclusion removal.
Other prior art tundishes are disclosed in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,711,429, 4,671,499, 4,653,733, 4,177,855 and ~13834 2~6732~
: 4,042,229. Some of these have only been used ~or limitedpurposes, such as ~or mixing alloys with dif~ere~t speci~ic gravities. None o~ the tundishes can solve all of the problems o~ stagnant regions, thermal non homogeneity, short circuit flow patterns, liquid residence distribution, refractory life and repair and inclusion removal.
Thus, an object of the present invention is to : provide a tundish which i~ uncompli~ated/ and which obviates or mitigates the foregoing problems.
This object and others are accomplished by a tundish having a bottom wall, a front wall and a ~ack wal~, : the bottom wall having an outlet. A flow control wall is arranged in the tundish~to de~ine a ~19w receiving space.
The ~low control wall extends ~rom the ~ront wall to t~e back wall and includes (1) a passageway for allowing ~low from the ~low receiving space to the outlet, the passageway being closer to the ~ront wall then to the back wall, and being closer to a bottom of.` the flow control wall than a t~p thereo~ and (2) means for preventing flow from the ~low reeeiving space to the outlet exc~pt t~rough the passaq~way~
Preferably, there ar~ two ~low con~rol walls which are spaced to de~ine a flow receiving pace in which turbulence is contained and a localized mixing zone is pro;noted~ Additionally, flow within the tundish is not sensitive to the ladle pouring po-~ition nor to the vertical impingement of the incoming la~le pouring stream.
Other ~eatures and advantagPs o~ the pre~ent invention Will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the present inven-tion, the details of which will now be described by way of #Ua~ example only, and with reference -to the attached figures, wherein~
~7~2 ~ Fig. 1 is a top ~iew of a tundish in accordance : with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a side view of a ~low control wall for the tundish of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the wall of Fig~ 2 through the line 3-3, Fig. 4 is another top view of the tundish of Fig.
~ with the flow control walls removed;
: 10 Fig. 5 is another side view of thP ~low control wall o~ Fig. 2;
FigO 6 is a side view of th~ flow control wall in accordance with another embodiment of the present inv~ntion.
Referring now to th~ drawings, there is shown in Fig. 1 a tundish which is constructed in acGorda~ce with the principles of the present invention ~nd which is indica~ed generally by re~erenc~ numeral 10.
The tundish 10 ha~; a bottom wall 12, a front wall 14, a baek wall 16, and end walls 18 and 20. The back wall 16 is delta shaped such that a middle r~gion 22 of th~ back wall 16 is spaced farther away from the front wall 14 than the lengthF of the endwalls 18 and 20. The middle portlon ; 25 22 is generally parallel to the fron~ wall 14 and is conne~ted to the endwalls 18, 20 by angl~d portions 24, 26, r~spectively.
There are a plurality o~ outlets 28, 30, 32 and 3~ through the bottom wall 12. The purpose of the outlets 28-34 is to allow liquid m2tal to drain from the tundish into a plurality of casting molds (not shown) located generally beneath the outlets 28-34. Four outl~ts 28-34 ~913334 2~3~
are illus rated in Fig. 1, but there may be more or less outlets.
Ba~fles or flow control wall 36 and 38 are inserted into the tundish and extend from the front wall 14 5to the back wall 16. The flow control wall 36 is illustrated in detail in Fi~ 2. The flow control wall 36 has a bottom edge 39 and a top edge 40. The top edge 40 is higher than the normal top level 42 of the liquid metal ih he tundish 10. This way, floating inclusions and slag 10between the flow control walls 36, 38 are kept between the flow control walls 36, 38. The side walls 44 and 46 of the wall 36 are angled separate to continuously join the angled front and back walls 14, 16.
A passageway for allowing liquid metal to flow 15from the flow receiving space to the outlets is located in the lower front quadrant of the flow control wall 36. The other three quadrants of the flow control wall 36 are solid such that liquid metal can flow from the flow receiving space to one or more of l:he outlets only through the 20passageway. The passageway itcelf can be formed in a variety of different ways but it has been found advantageous to have the passageway be angled generally upwardly and toward the front wall 14. Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, the passageway is formed 25of four openings 48-54 with the upper holes 52 and 54 being located generally in front of the respective bottom holes 48, 50.
The openings 48--54 should be placed in the lower quadrant of the flow control wall 36 or 38 opposite the 30quadrant which contains the center line of the tundish outlets 28, 30, 32 and 34. The angling of the openings both upward and toward the front wall is a function of the length of the tundish 10 and the number of openings and is ~13a3~
3 ~ 2 generally in the range of between 0 and 45 degrees. For example, for 2 to 5 openings, the angles of the openings may be from 20 to 45 degrees, and for 6 to 8 openings, th~
angles may be between 0 and 20.
The velo~ity of the flow passing through a flow control wall 36 or 38 must he ~ufficient to mix the liquid metal on the downstream side of the b~ffle with an intensity which causes the temperature of the liquid metal to be nearly homogeneous at each point where the liquid metal Pxits the tundish 10. Excessive velocity, however, will reduce the residence time of the liquid metal within the tundish 10, thereby inhibiting the separation by floatation of large inclusions and entrained slay material passing through a flow control wall. Thi~ velocity is directly related to the flow of liquid metal, expressed as the mass flow per unit kime ~e.g. tons/min) passing through the flow control wall divided by the cross sectional area o~ the openings of the flow control wall~ For example, in a case where 1.0 tons/min of liquid steel are passing through a flow control wall containing 4 openings 4~-54, e~ch of four inch diameter, the specific throughput may be calculated as:
1. 0 tons/min / 4 holes X 4 ~ sq. in. = 0.02. For the specific throughput of liquid steel in these units, the desired range is 0.015 to 0.025 tons/min/sq. in. The number of strands (i.e. number of tundish outlets) in a tundish determines the optimum value within thP range. Six to eight strand tundishes will be optimized at the high end of this range, wherein two to five strand tundishes will be optimized at the lower end. For a desixed flow (i.e.
tons/min) passing through a flow control wall, this fo~mula allows khe desired number of openinss of a given size to be easily determined.
#13834 2~7~
The dimensions of the tundish are important in terms of controlling flow as desired. Accordingly, dimensions of the tundish illustrated in Fig. 1 and the flow control walls illustrated in ~ig. 2 are provided in Figs. 4 and 5.
The separation of the flow control walls 36 and 38 determines the volume of the region in which the momentum of the ncoming flow from the ladle is dissipated by turbulence in a tundish 10 of given cross section. The momentum of the inlet flow from the ladle is related to the quantity of flow (e.g., cu. ft. of liquid metal/min), while the volume of the region is the product of th2 separation of the flow control walls 36 and 38 and the average cross-sectional area of tundish between the walls 36 and 38 occupi~d ~y liquid metal at the normal operating depth.
The turbulence intensity factor is calculated, therefore, as follows:
tundish~inlet_flow (cu.ft/min.L
average tundish cross-section between flow walls (5q. ft) x flow wall separation (ft.) A desired range ~or this factor is 0.28 to 0.36 min I.
The tundish inlet flow is determined by operations requirements (i.e., the desired through-put o~
metal)r Therefore, for a gi~en tundish cross-section the desired flow control wall separation can be easily determined.
Another flow control wall 60 which has proven to be advantageous is illustrated in Fig. 6. The flow control wall 60 is generally similar to the flow control wall 36 in that there is a passageway 62 located in a lower front quadrant and in that the other three quadrant~ of the flow control wall 60 are solid such that liquid metal can flow from the flow receiving space to an outlet only through the ~13834 , 2 passageway 62. The passageway 62 has a ho].e 64 which is located generally above and in front of a hole 66, and another hole 68.
Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
/~13834
Claims (17)
1. A tundish, comprising:
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having an outlet which is closer to the front wall than the back wall; and a flow control wall for defining a flow receiving space, said flow control wall extending from said front wall to said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet, said passageway being closer to said back wall then to said front wall, and being closer to a bottom of said flow control wall than to a top thereof and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet except through said passageway.
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having an outlet which is closer to the front wall than the back wall; and a flow control wall for defining a flow receiving space, said flow control wall extending from said front wall to said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet, said passageway being closer to said back wall then to said front wall, and being closer to a bottom of said flow control wall than to a top thereof and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet except through said passageway.
2. The tundish of claim 1, wherein said passageway includes a plurality of openings.
3. The tundish of claim 2, wherein each opening is angled both upwardly and toward the front wall.
4. A tundish for directing liquid metal from a ladle to a plurality of molds by gravity, said tundish comprising:
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having a first outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a first one of said molds and a second outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a second one of said molds;
first and second spaced flow control walls for defining a flow receiving space between said front and back walls, each of said flow control walls extending from said front wall to said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to a respective one of said first and second outlets, said passageway being closer to said back wall than to said front wall, and being closer to a bottom of said flow control wall than to a top thereof and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to its respective outlet except through said passageway.
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having a first outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a first one of said molds and a second outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a second one of said molds;
first and second spaced flow control walls for defining a flow receiving space between said front and back walls, each of said flow control walls extending from said front wall to said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to a respective one of said first and second outlets, said passageway being closer to said back wall than to said front wall, and being closer to a bottom of said flow control wall than to a top thereof and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to its respective outlet except through said passageway.
5. The tundish of claim 4, wherein each of said passageways includes a plurality of openings.
6. The tundish of claim 5, wherein each opening is angled both upwardly and toward the front wall.
7. The tundish of claim 6, wherein said first and second outlets are each closer to said front wall then to said back wall.
8. The tundish of claim 7, further including a third outlet and wherein said back wall extends from said first flow control wall in an angled direction such that said tundish is narrower in the vicinity of said third outlet than in the vicinity of said first flow control wall.
9. The tundish of claim 4, wherein the tundish has a turbulence intensity factor as flow receiving space flow (cu.ft/min.) average tundish cross-section between said first and second flow control walls (sq. ft) x said flow control walls separation (ft) and wherein the turbulence intensity factor is in the range of about 0.28 to 0.36 min-1.
#13834
#13834
10. A tundish comprising:
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having an outlet; and a flow control wall for defining a flow receiving space, said flow control wall extending between said front wall and said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet, and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet except through said passageway.
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having an outlet; and a flow control wall for defining a flow receiving space, said flow control wall extending between said front wall and said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet, and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to said outlet except through said passageway.
11. The tundish of claim 10, wherein the flow through said passageway has a velocity defined as mass flow passing through said passageway (tons/min) cross sectional area of said passageway (sq. in.) and wherein the velocity is in the range of about 0.015 to 0.025 ton/min/sq. in.
12. The tundish of claim 10, wherein said passageway includes a plurality of openings.
13. The tundish of claim 12, wherein each opening is angled both upwardly and toward the front wall.
14. A tundish for directing liquid metal from a ladle to a plurality of molds by gravity, said tundish comprising:
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having a first outlet for directing said liquid metal towards a first one of said molds and a second outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a second one of said molds;
first and second spaced flow control walls for defining a flow receiving space between said front and back walls, each of said flow control walls extending between said front wall and said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to a respective one of said first and second outlets, and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to its respective outlet except through said passageway.
a bottom wall, a front wall and a back wall, said bottom wall having a first outlet for directing said liquid metal towards a first one of said molds and a second outlet for directing said liquid metal toward a second one of said molds;
first and second spaced flow control walls for defining a flow receiving space between said front and back walls, each of said flow control walls extending between said front wall and said back wall and including (1) a passageway for allowing flow from said flow receiving space to a respective one of said first and second outlets, and (2) means for preventing flow from said flow receiving space to its respective outlet except through said passageway.
15. The tundish of claim 14, wherein the tundish has a turbulence intensity factor defined as flow receiving space flow (cu.ft/min.) average tundish cross-section between said first and second flow control walls (sq. ft) x said flow control walls separation (ft) and wherein the turbulence intensity factor is in the range of about 0.28 to 0.36 min-1.
16. The tundish of claim 14, wherein the flow through said passageway has a velocity defined as mass flow passing through said passgeway (tons/min) cross sectional area of said passageway (sq. in.) and wherein the velocity is in the range of about 0.015 to 0.025 ton/min/sq. in.
17. The tundish of claim 1, wherein the flow through said passageway has a velocity defined as mass flow passing through said passageway (tons/min) cross sectional area of said passageway (sq. in.) and wherein the velocity is in the range of about 0.015 to 0.025 ton/min/sq. in.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69114291A | 1991-04-25 | 1991-04-25 | |
| US07/691,142 | 1991-04-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2067322A1 true CA2067322A1 (en) | 1992-10-27 |
Family
ID=24775324
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002067322A Abandoned CA2067322A1 (en) | 1991-04-25 | 1992-04-27 | Tundish with improved flow control |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2067322A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9201922A (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-04-24 MX MX9201922A patent/MX9201922A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-27 CA CA002067322A patent/CA2067322A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9201922A (en) | 1992-11-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20021209 |