CA2059132C - Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels - Google Patents
Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vesselsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2059132C CA2059132C CA 2059132 CA2059132A CA2059132C CA 2059132 C CA2059132 C CA 2059132C CA 2059132 CA2059132 CA 2059132 CA 2059132 A CA2059132 A CA 2059132A CA 2059132 C CA2059132 C CA 2059132C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- vessel
- bulk material
- basic
- lining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011822 basic refractory Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNHVXYDGZKWYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Pb] DNHVXYDGZKWYNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/44—Refractory linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a metallurgical vessel, in particular a transport ladle or a treating ladle, for the production of steel with a bottom (2b) having a refractory lining (3) with a basic working layer (5). In order to create a durable lining it is provided that the working layer (5) consists at least in part of dry basic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel (1) is heated for the first time, by a chemically hardened protective layer (6) and which, after the vessel (1) has been filled, is partly present as a monolithic layer or the upper side of the working layer (5) is covered, before the vessel (1) is charged for the first time, by a monolithically fritted basic layer formed by heating the bulk material. The invention furthermore relates to a method of making the refractory linings of such vessels.
Description
~9~32 Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such ve~sel~
The invention relates to a metallurgical vessel, in particular a transport ladle or a treating ladle, for the production of steel with a bottom having a refractory lining with a basic working layer.
The linings of metallurgical vessels for the production of steel, which are mainly linings of electric furnaces, pig-iron transport ladles, steel transport ladles or steel treating ladles, are increasingly built with basic bricks, as determined by the metallurgical processe~ and the chemical properties of steel and steel slag.
It is ~sual to build such linings with bricks made from magne~ite or dolomite which are bonded by pitch or synthetic resin or otherwise chemically bonded, or which are burned bricks. For many y~ars efforts have been made to replace such bricks by mixes made from magnesite or dolomite in order to avoid the expensive production of such bricks and the wcrk caused by laying the bricks, All developments of such basic mixes have aimed towards adding bonding agents to the sintered magnesite or sintered dolomite which bonding agents are to be acti~ated by water, these mixe~ hardening after the processing to form a monolithic lining. These efforts have proved to be uneconomical.
Such monolithic basic linings chemically bonding at ambient temperature, are rigid throughout the thicknes~ of the lining. Cracks occur during heating, through which - liquid steel can penetrate deeply and thus destroy the lining over large area~.
Furthermore, in common bonding systems the chemical bonding i~ often activaked by the addition of water. This water, however, cannot completely be removed after hardening and drying of the lininy, which also leadq to the formation of large cracks during heating. Water lead~ to hydration, particularly in dolomitic materials, which causes the loss of the refractory properties.
Furthermore, linings consi~ting of dry basic bulk material are known for horizontal lininys in bottoms of 2 ~ 3 ~
electric furnaces. In such a vessel, there is often not the problem that the bulk material is flushed away by the stream of liquid steel during the first charging of the vessel. If such liquid steel is added to the charge, the bulk material on the bottom is be covered by cold scrap and thus protected.
In vessels, however, where the stream of steel hits the bottom lining in free descent, in particular in steel transport ladles or treating ladles, there is indeed the problem that during the first chargin~ of the vessel the bulk material i~ flushed away by the first stream of liquid steel.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a lining for the bottom of such a vessel which can be easily :: 15 and inexpensively applied and which ensures the safe use : thereof.
According to the invention it is therefore provided . that the working layer consists at least in part of dry '. basic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel is heated for the first time, hy a - chemically hardened protective layer and which, after the ~ vessel has been filled, is pa:rtly present as a monolithic ~ layer.
The working layer is defined herein as the main layer ' 25 of the bottom lining which comes into contact with liquid .: steel and whi~h, apart from wear, remains permanently in the vessel. The lining further comprises a protective layer. The - working layer is introduced into the vessel as dry bulk : material, that is to say, it is e~sentially free from water.
; 30 The bulk material may, however, nevertheless be soaked with oil, bitumen, synthetic resin, and the like, for instance in : order to facilitate the moulding or to reduce the formation of dust, The initial heating of the vessel either takes place by the first charging with liquid steel or by an own step where the lining, after having been applied, is heated up to the approximate processing temperature by means of burners.
Sintered magnesite or dolomite frit completely under the influence of kemperatures from approximately 1200~C
upwards and form a consolidated layer. The temperature of 3 ~ 1 3 2 liquid steel is sufficient for such ceramic consolidation up to a layer depth of 40 to 60 mm~ Such a ceramically bond~d layer developed under the influence of temperature after charging of steel, forms a supporting monoli-thic bottom layer, which, during operation, continuously wears off on the side of the steel bath, but continues to build itself up on the cold side in direction to the ladle bottom. The expansion of the ceramic layer due to fluctuations in temperature during charging and emptying of the ladle is absorbed by the bulk materlal lying on the cold side and ~ being no-t yet ceramically bonded, so that coarse cracks do ; not come about in the ceramic layer.
In a thin, ceramically bonded ~1exible layer it might happen that fine cracks occur on fluctuations in temperature. If liquid steel should penetrate such cracks, it disperses among the bulk material locaked on the cold side.
The protective layer serves to prevent the flushing away of the lining during the first charging of the vessel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the working layer consists at least in part of dry ba~ic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel is charged for the first time, by a monolithically fritted basic layer formed by heating the bulk material, The lining is protected from flushing in that the introduced bulk material is heated by burners. Thi~ leads to a monolithic fritted layer on the surface.
Preferably, an insulating layer is provided ~etween the bottom of the ves~el and the basic refractory working layer.
This insulating layer may consist of sprayed material, preferably of fire-clay or high alumina material, which is hardened at ambient temperature.
The bottom lining of the vessel can be provided with various inserts, such as well blocks, baffle plates or nozzle~, which are rigidly attached to the bottom of the vessel or the insulatina layer. It is often necessary that a metallurgical vessel is tilted. This leads to the danger that the relatively thin fritted working layer is not able to hold a heavy well block or -the like. This problem can be 4 2 ~ 3 2 avoided by embedding in the insulating layer or by other fastening to the vessel bottom, The baffle plate embedded in the worklng layer is preferably cast from a material which chemically sets at ambient temperature. The baffle plate resists the attack of the stream of liquid steel. The bulk material adjacent to the inserts is protected hy the protective layer against flushing away.
It is particularly preferable if the inserts comprise an offset in the ~one of the protecti~e layer. This leads to a particularly good connection.
It may be further provided that the inserts comprise inclined lateral walls, so that the cross section changes with increasing wear. This measure leads to the effect that ' 15 the cGntinuously formed sintering layer sits close to the in~erts. The best angle ~ for achieving -this purpose is determined in each case by trials.
The bulk material forming the working layer may, for example, consist of sintered magnesite, preferably with an increased content of lime of more than 7 percent CaO, sintered dolomite, or mixtures of sintered magnesite and sintered dolomite with chrome ore or corundum. It has proved to be particularly beneficial if sintering agents, such as iron oxide, boric a~id, boron compounds, dry water glass, or micro powde~ from metal oxides, are added to the bulk material forming the working layer.
The invention further relates to a method of making the refractory linin~ for the bottom of metallurgical vessels for steei production.
This method i~ characterized by the following steps:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom of the vessel and/or on the insulating layer;
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- applying a protective layer on the bulk material, said layer consisting of a mix hardening by chemical bonding;
- drying and hardening of the refractory material;
- heating the lining.
~5913~
The heating of the lining kakes place either by introduciny burners or, if such a step is not provided, by the first steel bath itself.
An embodiment of the method is characterized by the following step~:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom of the vessel and/or on the insulating layer, - preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- heating the lining by introducing burners.
It is preferable if a material is selected which ceramically bond~ under the influence of the temperature of the steel bath and which conveys the temperature to the bulk material in such a way that this one frits and hardens on the side adjacent to the steel bath.
The inner layers of the bulk material can be enriched with sintering agents.
The invention is outlined more in detail by reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a section through a metallurgical ves~el according to the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a section through another embodiment of the invention;
Eig. 3 shows a view of a baffle plate;
Fig. 4 ~how~ the baffle plate in a section along line IV-IV of Fig. 3 and its arrangement in a metallurgical ve~el .
A metallurgical ve~el 1 consists of side walls 2a and a bottom 2b. The bottom 2b i~ provided with a lining 3 having an outer insulating layer 4, a working layer 5 made from refractory basic material, and a protective layer 6.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, a nozzle 11 i~ arranged in the bottom lining 3, the nozzle 11 being ~eated in a well block 13~ The lateral walls 10 of the well block 13 are inclined at an angle ~. In the area of the protective layer 6 an offset 8 is provided on the well block 13. The well block 13 is further attached to bottom 2b by means of armature iron 7.
2 ~ 3 2 The ba~fle plate 9 of ~igs. 3 and 4 comprise~ lateral walls lOa which are inclined ak an angle ~ as well as an offset 8a for the anchoring of the protective layer 6. The edge 12 of the baffle plate 9 is bent, because the baffle plate 9 lS placed on the ~ide wall 2a of the vessel 1.
' '.~
The invention relates to a metallurgical vessel, in particular a transport ladle or a treating ladle, for the production of steel with a bottom having a refractory lining with a basic working layer.
The linings of metallurgical vessels for the production of steel, which are mainly linings of electric furnaces, pig-iron transport ladles, steel transport ladles or steel treating ladles, are increasingly built with basic bricks, as determined by the metallurgical processe~ and the chemical properties of steel and steel slag.
It is ~sual to build such linings with bricks made from magne~ite or dolomite which are bonded by pitch or synthetic resin or otherwise chemically bonded, or which are burned bricks. For many y~ars efforts have been made to replace such bricks by mixes made from magnesite or dolomite in order to avoid the expensive production of such bricks and the wcrk caused by laying the bricks, All developments of such basic mixes have aimed towards adding bonding agents to the sintered magnesite or sintered dolomite which bonding agents are to be acti~ated by water, these mixe~ hardening after the processing to form a monolithic lining. These efforts have proved to be uneconomical.
Such monolithic basic linings chemically bonding at ambient temperature, are rigid throughout the thicknes~ of the lining. Cracks occur during heating, through which - liquid steel can penetrate deeply and thus destroy the lining over large area~.
Furthermore, in common bonding systems the chemical bonding i~ often activaked by the addition of water. This water, however, cannot completely be removed after hardening and drying of the lininy, which also leadq to the formation of large cracks during heating. Water lead~ to hydration, particularly in dolomitic materials, which causes the loss of the refractory properties.
Furthermore, linings consi~ting of dry basic bulk material are known for horizontal lininys in bottoms of 2 ~ 3 ~
electric furnaces. In such a vessel, there is often not the problem that the bulk material is flushed away by the stream of liquid steel during the first charging of the vessel. If such liquid steel is added to the charge, the bulk material on the bottom is be covered by cold scrap and thus protected.
In vessels, however, where the stream of steel hits the bottom lining in free descent, in particular in steel transport ladles or treating ladles, there is indeed the problem that during the first chargin~ of the vessel the bulk material i~ flushed away by the first stream of liquid steel.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a lining for the bottom of such a vessel which can be easily :: 15 and inexpensively applied and which ensures the safe use : thereof.
According to the invention it is therefore provided . that the working layer consists at least in part of dry '. basic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel is heated for the first time, hy a - chemically hardened protective layer and which, after the ~ vessel has been filled, is pa:rtly present as a monolithic ~ layer.
The working layer is defined herein as the main layer ' 25 of the bottom lining which comes into contact with liquid .: steel and whi~h, apart from wear, remains permanently in the vessel. The lining further comprises a protective layer. The - working layer is introduced into the vessel as dry bulk : material, that is to say, it is e~sentially free from water.
; 30 The bulk material may, however, nevertheless be soaked with oil, bitumen, synthetic resin, and the like, for instance in : order to facilitate the moulding or to reduce the formation of dust, The initial heating of the vessel either takes place by the first charging with liquid steel or by an own step where the lining, after having been applied, is heated up to the approximate processing temperature by means of burners.
Sintered magnesite or dolomite frit completely under the influence of kemperatures from approximately 1200~C
upwards and form a consolidated layer. The temperature of 3 ~ 1 3 2 liquid steel is sufficient for such ceramic consolidation up to a layer depth of 40 to 60 mm~ Such a ceramically bond~d layer developed under the influence of temperature after charging of steel, forms a supporting monoli-thic bottom layer, which, during operation, continuously wears off on the side of the steel bath, but continues to build itself up on the cold side in direction to the ladle bottom. The expansion of the ceramic layer due to fluctuations in temperature during charging and emptying of the ladle is absorbed by the bulk materlal lying on the cold side and ~ being no-t yet ceramically bonded, so that coarse cracks do ; not come about in the ceramic layer.
In a thin, ceramically bonded ~1exible layer it might happen that fine cracks occur on fluctuations in temperature. If liquid steel should penetrate such cracks, it disperses among the bulk material locaked on the cold side.
The protective layer serves to prevent the flushing away of the lining during the first charging of the vessel.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the working layer consists at least in part of dry ba~ic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel is charged for the first time, by a monolithically fritted basic layer formed by heating the bulk material, The lining is protected from flushing in that the introduced bulk material is heated by burners. Thi~ leads to a monolithic fritted layer on the surface.
Preferably, an insulating layer is provided ~etween the bottom of the ves~el and the basic refractory working layer.
This insulating layer may consist of sprayed material, preferably of fire-clay or high alumina material, which is hardened at ambient temperature.
The bottom lining of the vessel can be provided with various inserts, such as well blocks, baffle plates or nozzle~, which are rigidly attached to the bottom of the vessel or the insulatina layer. It is often necessary that a metallurgical vessel is tilted. This leads to the danger that the relatively thin fritted working layer is not able to hold a heavy well block or -the like. This problem can be 4 2 ~ 3 2 avoided by embedding in the insulating layer or by other fastening to the vessel bottom, The baffle plate embedded in the worklng layer is preferably cast from a material which chemically sets at ambient temperature. The baffle plate resists the attack of the stream of liquid steel. The bulk material adjacent to the inserts is protected hy the protective layer against flushing away.
It is particularly preferable if the inserts comprise an offset in the ~one of the protecti~e layer. This leads to a particularly good connection.
It may be further provided that the inserts comprise inclined lateral walls, so that the cross section changes with increasing wear. This measure leads to the effect that ' 15 the cGntinuously formed sintering layer sits close to the in~erts. The best angle ~ for achieving -this purpose is determined in each case by trials.
The bulk material forming the working layer may, for example, consist of sintered magnesite, preferably with an increased content of lime of more than 7 percent CaO, sintered dolomite, or mixtures of sintered magnesite and sintered dolomite with chrome ore or corundum. It has proved to be particularly beneficial if sintering agents, such as iron oxide, boric a~id, boron compounds, dry water glass, or micro powde~ from metal oxides, are added to the bulk material forming the working layer.
The invention further relates to a method of making the refractory linin~ for the bottom of metallurgical vessels for steei production.
This method i~ characterized by the following steps:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom of the vessel and/or on the insulating layer;
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- applying a protective layer on the bulk material, said layer consisting of a mix hardening by chemical bonding;
- drying and hardening of the refractory material;
- heating the lining.
~5913~
The heating of the lining kakes place either by introduciny burners or, if such a step is not provided, by the first steel bath itself.
An embodiment of the method is characterized by the following step~:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom of the vessel and/or on the insulating layer, - preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- heating the lining by introducing burners.
It is preferable if a material is selected which ceramically bond~ under the influence of the temperature of the steel bath and which conveys the temperature to the bulk material in such a way that this one frits and hardens on the side adjacent to the steel bath.
The inner layers of the bulk material can be enriched with sintering agents.
The invention is outlined more in detail by reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a section through a metallurgical ves~el according to the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a section through another embodiment of the invention;
Eig. 3 shows a view of a baffle plate;
Fig. 4 ~how~ the baffle plate in a section along line IV-IV of Fig. 3 and its arrangement in a metallurgical ve~el .
A metallurgical ve~el 1 consists of side walls 2a and a bottom 2b. The bottom 2b i~ provided with a lining 3 having an outer insulating layer 4, a working layer 5 made from refractory basic material, and a protective layer 6.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, a nozzle 11 i~ arranged in the bottom lining 3, the nozzle 11 being ~eated in a well block 13~ The lateral walls 10 of the well block 13 are inclined at an angle ~. In the area of the protective layer 6 an offset 8 is provided on the well block 13. The well block 13 is further attached to bottom 2b by means of armature iron 7.
2 ~ 3 2 The ba~fle plate 9 of ~igs. 3 and 4 comprise~ lateral walls lOa which are inclined ak an angle ~ as well as an offset 8a for the anchoring of the protective layer 6. The edge 12 of the baffle plate 9 is bent, because the baffle plate 9 lS placed on the ~ide wall 2a of the vessel 1.
' '.~
Claims (14)
1. Metallurgical vessel for the production of steel with a bottom (2b) having a refractory lining (3) with a basic working layer (5), characterized in that the working layer (5) consists at least in part of dry basic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel (1) is heated for the first time, by a chemically hardened protective layer (6) and which, after the vessel (1) has been filled, is partly present. as a monolithic layer.
2. Metallurgical vessel for the production of steel with a bottom (2b) having a refractory lining (3) with a basic working layer (5), characterized in that the working layer (5) consists at least in part of dry basic bulk material, the upper side of which is covered, before the vessel (1) charged for the first time, by a monolithically fritted basic layer formed by heating the bulk material.
3. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that an insulating layer (4) is provided between the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) and the basic refractory working layer (5).
4. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulating layer (4) consists of sprayed material, preferably of fire-clay or high alumina material, which is hardened at ambient temperature.
5. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bottom lining (3) of the vessel (1) is provided with inserts, such as well blocks (13), baffle plates (9) or nozzles (11), which are rigidly attached to the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) or the insulating layer (4).
6. Metallurgical vessel according to claim 5, characterized in that the inserts (9, 11, 13) comprise an offset (8, 8a) in the zone of the protective layer (6).
7. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the inserts (9, 11, 13) comprise inclined lateral walls (10, 10a), so that the cross section changes with increasing wear.
8. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bulk material forming the working layer (5) consists of sintered magnesite, preferably with an increased content of lime of more than 7 percent CaO, sintered dolomite, or mixtures of sintered magnesite and sintered dolomite with chrome ore or corundum.
9. Metallurgical vessel according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that sintering agents, such as iron oxide, boric acid, boron compounds, dry water glass, or micro powder from metal oxides, are added to the bulk material forming the working layer.
10. Method of making the refractory lining (3) for the bottom of metallurgical vessels (1) for steel production, characterized by the following steps:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) and/or on the insulating layer (4);
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- applying a protective layer (6) on the bulk material, said layer consisting of a mix hardening by chemical bonding;
- drying and hardening of the refractory material;
- heating the lining (3).
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) and/or on the insulating layer (4);
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- applying a protective layer (6) on the bulk material, said layer consisting of a mix hardening by chemical bonding;
- drying and hardening of the refractory material;
- heating the lining (3).
11. Method of making the refractory lining (3) for the bottom of metallurgical vessels (1) for steel production, characterized by the following steps:
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) and/or on the insulating layer (4);
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- heating the lining (3) by introducing burners.
- Applying a layer of dry basic refractory bulk material on the bottom (2b) of the vessel (1) and/or on the insulating layer (4);
- preferably compacting the bulk material by vibrating, shaking or ramming;
- heating the lining (3) by introducing burners.
12. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that a material is selected which ceramically bonds under the influence of the temperature of the steel bath and which conveys the temperature to the bulk material in such a way that this one frits and hardens on the side adjacent to the steel bath.
13. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the heating of the vessel (1) takes place by introducing burners before the charging with the steel bath.
14. Method in acccordance with any of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the inner layers of the bulk material are enriched with sintering agents.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88190A AT394055B (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS |
| ATA881/90 | 1990-04-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2059132A1 CA2059132A1 (en) | 1991-10-13 |
| CA2059132C true CA2059132C (en) | 1998-02-03 |
Family
ID=3501980
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2059132 Expired - Fee Related CA2059132C (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0477353A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04506109A (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394055B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2059132C (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT60789A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL168877B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991016459A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112457029B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-21 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Spray coating for slag pot grating and use method thereof |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1679245A1 (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1971-03-18 | Lion Sa Fonderies | Heating oil |
| GB1477632A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1977-06-22 | Foseco Int | Containers for molten metal |
| US4238121A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1980-12-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Hearth structure of an oxygen-bottom-blowing converter |
| JPS5533509A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-03-08 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Method of sintering liner of induction melting furnace |
| DE2852248C3 (en) * | 1978-12-02 | 1982-02-11 | Dolomitwerke GmbH, 5603 Wülfrath | Process for increasing the durability of basic converter linings when refining pig iron |
| JPS57184884A (en) * | 1981-05-08 | 1982-11-13 | Fuaizaa Kuiguree Kk | Protective layer for metallurgical vessel |
| GB2105828B (en) * | 1981-09-02 | 1984-10-10 | Ksr Int Ltd | Monolithic lining of vessels such as furnaces and parts thereof |
| AT374499B (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | METHOD FOR HEATING NEW ADDED LD CONVERTERS |
| JPS6110756A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1986-01-18 | Shinei Kk | Gas sensor manufacturing method |
| DE3620473A1 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-12-23 | Dolomitwerke Gmbh | FIRE RESISTANT MEASUREMENT FOR FIRE RESISTANT LININGS OF METALLURGICAL VESSELS |
| JPS63247589A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-10-14 | ドーサン エ コンパーニュ | Lining for protecting inside of metallurgical vessel and lining forming method |
| DE3741073A1 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-15 | Intocast Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RESTORING THE INPUT OF METALLURGICAL PANS |
-
1990
- 1990-04-12 AT AT88190A patent/AT394055B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-04-12 JP JP3508072A patent/JPH04506109A/en active Pending
- 1991-04-12 WO PCT/AT1991/000054 patent/WO1991016459A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-04-12 EP EP19910908664 patent/EP0477353A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-04-12 PL PL91293026A patent/PL168877B1/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 HU HU392091A patent/HUT60789A/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 CA CA 2059132 patent/CA2059132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-04-12 AT AT7769791A patent/ATA7769791A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1991016459A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| CA2059132A1 (en) | 1991-10-13 |
| PL293026A1 (en) | 1992-06-26 |
| JPH04506109A (en) | 1992-10-22 |
| ATA7769791A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
| ATA88190A (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| PL168877B1 (en) | 1996-04-30 |
| HUT60789A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| AT394055B (en) | 1992-01-27 |
| EP0477353A1 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| HU913920D0 (en) | 1992-04-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ewais | Carbon based refractories | |
| EP1603850B1 (en) | Crack-resistant dry refractory | |
| US20040157724A1 (en) | Crack-resistant insulating dry refractory | |
| US3687437A (en) | Metallurgical furnaces or vessels | |
| US5340088A (en) | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels | |
| CA2059132C (en) | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels | |
| US3416779A (en) | Composite refractory lining for basic oxygen furnace | |
| PL167827B1 (en) | Method of lining a furnace or the like with refractory bricks and refractory brick therefor | |
| CA2310431C (en) | Refractory batch, in particular for the production of a shaped body, and process for producing the shaped body | |
| CA2216528A1 (en) | Use of a water-containing fire-resistant ceramic casting material | |
| CA2033201A1 (en) | Method for forming a lining on a metallurgical vessel, a composition and a machine for the application of said method | |
| US4468780A (en) | Method of lining a steel-making furnace | |
| CA1142739A (en) | Process for coating the inner wall of a furnace or like apparatus | |
| JPS5917072B2 (en) | Massive refractories for hot-insertion repair | |
| Biswas et al. | Blast furnace refractory | |
| JPS59137163A (en) | Fire resistant heat insulating product and molten metal handling container | |
| SU1743687A1 (en) | Lining of steel teeming ladle | |
| JP3447337B2 (en) | Refractory layer structure at bottom of molten metal container and method of construction | |
| US3632698A (en) | Dense magnesite furnace hearths having a superficial dolomite-containing layer and method | |
| Biswas et al. | BOF Refractory | |
| JPS61124513A (en) | Method for lining inner wall of converter | |
| CN120152848A (en) | Refractory lining arranged on the bottom of a metallurgical device for containing molten metal, method for providing a refractory lining arranged on the bottom of a metallurgical device for containing molten metal, and metallurgical device for containing molten metal | |
| Moder et al. | Refractory Developments Specially for Electric Arc Furnace--Secondary Refining and Continuous Casting | |
| JPH02187589A (en) | Method of repairing molten metal container | |
| Banerjee | Refractories: A Comprehensive Report |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |