CA2058268A1 - Method for applying security elements true to side - Google Patents
Method for applying security elements true to sideInfo
- Publication number
- CA2058268A1 CA2058268A1 CA002058268A CA2058268A CA2058268A1 CA 2058268 A1 CA2058268 A1 CA 2058268A1 CA 002058268 A CA002058268 A CA 002058268A CA 2058268 A CA2058268 A CA 2058268A CA 2058268 A1 CA2058268 A1 CA 2058268A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- security element
- band
- char
- acterized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/10—Composition
- G03H2270/12—Fibrous, e.g. paper, textile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/20—Shape
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
- Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Cash Registers Or Receiving Machines (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract The present invention relates to a method for producing papers of value having embedded security elements, in par-ticular safeguarding threads with characters or optically active structures in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference structures, and to apparatus for carrying out the method. The invention is characterized by the fact that the security elements are incorporated true to side during papermaking and are also embedded in the paper of value so as to be accessible over the entire surface, if desired, whereby the paper surface forms a plane with the surface of the security element.
Description
20~82~8 A method for applying siecurity elements true to side The present invention relates to a method for producing a paper of value having an embedded security element, in partic~lar safeguarding thread with characters or optically active structures in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference structures, and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
To be protected against imitations, papers of value have been provided for some time with a great variety of security features which must always be adapted to the most modern reproduction techniques in order to prevent any at-tempted forgery or at least make it easily recognizable. The development of security features has therefore gone more and more in the direction of highly complicated products which are very elaborate to manufacture, have a very striking outer appearance and cannot be imitated using simple meth-ods, so that the effort required for forgery is out of all proportion to the gain.
One of the oldest and best known security features is the safeguarding thread, which can be made from a great variety of materials and is added to the forming vat in the form of narrow bands during papermaking so as to be embedded in the paper material. Safeguarding threads are predomi nantly made from plastic films which are dyed, metal-coated or provided with pigment-like substances. Such substanc0s can give the sa~eguarding thread magnetic, fluorescent or .
To be protected against imitations, papers of value have been provided for some time with a great variety of security features which must always be adapted to the most modern reproduction techniques in order to prevent any at-tempted forgery or at least make it easily recognizable. The development of security features has therefore gone more and more in the direction of highly complicated products which are very elaborate to manufacture, have a very striking outer appearance and cannot be imitated using simple meth-ods, so that the effort required for forgery is out of all proportion to the gain.
One of the oldest and best known security features is the safeguarding thread, which can be made from a great variety of materials and is added to the forming vat in the form of narrow bands during papermaking so as to be embedded in the paper material. Safeguarding threads are predomi nantly made from plastic films which are dyed, metal-coated or provided with pigment-like substances. Such substanc0s can give the sa~eguarding thread magnetic, fluorescent or .
2~58268 other automatically testable properties. To make the safe-guarding thread easy to check visually as well, one o~ten additionally applies characters or patterns to it.
EP-A 0 279 880 describes such a safeguarding thread made from transparent film material which is printed with microcharacters with metallic luster and embedded inside the antifalsification paper. In incident light the safeguarding thread and the characters cannot be detected due to the scatter of the paper layer disposed above the sa~'eguarding thread and the high reflection of the lustrous characters.
In transmitted light, however, the viewer sees printing running through the paper of value. This prevents the char-acters from being imitated by a print on the paper surface.
A special visual effect can also be achieved, however, by embedding the thread in the paper material only partly since the safeguarding thread then passes directly to the surface in several places (EP-A 0 070 172). This so-called window safeguarding thread can additionally be provided at least partly with printing which is luminescent under UV
,irradiation or with holograms.
A particularly striking safeguarding thread which i9 very easy to find in the paper of value is described by EP-A
0 33G 733. It is likewise a window safeguarding thread which is made of a transparent plastic film with a metallic coat-ing, whereby this coating has recesses in the form of char-acters or patterns. Furthermore, the safeguarding thread is provided in the areas congruent with the recesses with chromophore and~or luminescent substances which, under suitable light conditions, make the charactexs or patterns contrast in color wi~h the opaque metal coating.
20~82~g Although the stated security elements must be classi-fied as very valuable in terms of security, their incorpo-ration into the paper is quite problematic since a true-to-side embedding of the thread material cannot always be ensured in practice due to a number of sources of error.
This means that any characters may be mirror-inverted in the paper of value depending on the position of the safeguarding thread.
Up to now this blemish due to production was either simply accepted or it was compensated by applying the printed pattern alternatingly true to side and side-invert-ed.
However, new safeguarding threads, which are equipped with high-technology optical properties such as holograms, require greater precision for incorporation into the paper.
The optically active structure exists only on one side of the thread and must pass directly to the document surface at least in part in order to be accessible to visual testing.
The back of the thread is customarily coated with adhesive for~attaching the thin and narrow thread smoothly and in a straight line, particularly in the window areas.
If such a thread is incorporated into the paper of value side-inverted, this leads to a loss in the optical security effect since the optical structure cannot be ob-served through the paper material from the back of the paper of value. Since the adhesive layer is exposed in the window areas when such a safeguarding thread is incorporated side--inverted, there is also a danger of the safeguarding thread being glued to adjacent bills or objects in the window areas. Side-inverted embedding thus means a high quality loss or reject rate ln this case.
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20~2~8 ,~
The invention is there~ore based on the problem of stating a method for producing a paper of value having an embedded security element and an apparatus for carrying out the method whereby the application of the security element is integrated into the papermaking in such a way that the security element comes to lie on the paper of value true to side.
This problem is solved according to the invention by the features stated in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 32. Advantageous developments are the object of sub-claims.
The inventive method and the inventive apparatus make it possible for the first time to incorporate safeguarding threads reliably true to side. For this purpose the thread material is deposited on the supply reels true to side and fed to the wire as close as possible under a tensile force as constant as possible, with the aid of a transport mech-anism conceived in such a way as to prevent the band from twisting under normal conditions.
To facilitate the first threading up of an endless reel the beginning of the endless band is provided with a posi-tioning aid in the form of a wide piece of film which is introduced into the transport mechanism true to side. The piece of film can be perforated to ensure a better connec--tion with the paper. Instead of the piece of film one can also use another suitable material, such as a wire mesh. The area of the paper web which contains the positioning aid is subsequently eliminated as spoilage.
The transport mechanism i5 designed in such a way that it holds the guide element and thus the thread true to side _ 5 _ 20~226~
during the entire transport. As soon as the guide element has reached the developing paper web the guide element is deposited quickly and uniformly on the paper web due to its relatively high water-permeable area, thereby exerting a uniform tensile force on the security element which i5 con-sequently likewise deposited on the paper web true to side.
The inventive solution thus makes it possible to in-corporate conventional safeguarding threads embedded in the paper of value either completely or partly as window threads, with higher quality and with clearly lower reject rates.
However, this method also opens up the possibility of producing papers of value with safeguarding threads which are completely exposed on the surface. Sucll safeguarding threads are increasingly used to provide protection against imitations with color copiers and are generally provided with optically variable structures such as holograms or diffraction patterns. The protection against forgery is in this case based on the insufficient reproduction of the op-tical properties of such threads by color copiers.
Up to now such optically variable security elements were usually applied after the paper-of-value manufacture due to the difficulties in applying them true to side.
Various ~ethods are known for applyin~ optically var-iable elements to papers of value. They can usually be di-vided into the three categories gluing, transfer printing and embossing.
By the gluing method, adhesive labels that are in-itially prepunched on silicone paper, for example, are ' 2~2~8 transferred to the paper substrate. The adhesive labels have at least a layer structure composed of a contact adhesive layer, a self-supporting film of an opticall~ active layer (for example with a diffraction grid), and a protective layer located thereabove. The thickness of an adhesive label is typically in the range of 50 micrometers, the main part of the thickness being due to the carrier film.
In transfer printing, also known as "hot stamping," the optically variable element is pre~abricated on a transfer band and transferred to the substrate in a subsequent work-ing step. The structure transferred to the paper typically has a thickness in the range of a few micrometers. In the case of holograms the customary layer structure of the ele ment comprises a heat-sealing layer, a layer of lacquer with an embossing, an aluminized layer and a transparent covering protective layer. This layer structure is initially located on the transfer foil, being affixed to the foil by a release layer (e.g. a wax layer). One transfers the band by placing it with the heat-sealing layer on the substrate and acti-vating the heat-sealing layer by pressing on a heated die, so that the element bonds with the substrate. Simulta-neously, the separation layer melts, thereby detaching the hologram from the transfer band. The transfer principle is the most frequently applied method today and is in particu-lar also used customarily for applying holograms to plastic credit cards.
The embossing method is mainly suitable for diffraction element~, such as holograms and optical grids. A layer of hardenable lac~uer is applied to a substrate that i5 pref-erably provided with an extremely thin and reflective metal surface. A press die is then used to emboss the diffraction relief structure into the layer of lacquer. After the 2~268 lacquer has hardened the structure is covered with a pro-tective lacquer. The finished element has a layer structure comprising the successive layers of lacquer with the metal layer and relief structure and the layer of protective lacquer.
Each of the known methods and the resulting products has its own special advantages and disadvantages. For ex ample, adhesive labels ara technically easy to produce and can be transferred to the intended substrates true to side without any trouble. An extreme disadvantage of adhesive labels for application in the paper-of-value branch, how-ever, is that the entire elements can be detached from the substrate and transferred to forged products. For this rea-son, transfer and embossed elements are preferred for paper-of-value applications.
Transfer and embossed elements largely meet the re-quirements in terms of protection from forgery in the pa-per-of-value branch, but these elements involve a number of production engineering problems in connection with papers of value.
It must be taken into consideration that papers of value customarily have a high-security printed pattern;
these patterns are applied in most cases by steel intaglio printing. Steel intaglio printing and related methods require a relatively high surface roughness of the substrate for the inks to bond well with the substrate. However, rough surfaces are extremely unsuitable for the application of optically variable elements, which have little stability.
The quality of sensitive hologram structures is affected very adversely by rough surface structures.
' 2~8268 It must further be heeded that the paper of value i5 subjected to a very high pressure load on its whole surface during steel intaglio printing. This customarily reduces the optical effect of any optical elements applied prior to printing; the elements can even be damaged or fully de-stroyed by the paper roughness pressed through from the pa-per base.
When producing papers of value having optically var-iable elements one therefore first provides the paper of value with the printed pattern and then applies the hologram in one of the following method steps, or one divides the application of the elements into single steps, performing the measures not endan~ered by steel intaglio printing be-fore the printing and the others only after it. One thereby accepted the disadvantages up to now that this direct coup-ling with the printing process made it impossible to pre-fabricate unprinted papers of value with optically variable elements in a job-neutral way (stockpile production), on the one hand, and that the application of the optically variable elements requires suitable machines (transfer machines, etc.) per printing line, on the other hand. The special ma-chines required per printing line not only increase th~ cost and the space re~uirements o~ the machinery, but also cause a bottleneck at the end of each printing line due to their different production capacity, which can only be compensated by additional machinery.
EP-A O 338 378 discloses such a system for producing paper products that have both a printed pattern and an op-tical diffraction element. In a continuous process the paper is first printed in known printing units. Then, as in the described embossing method, a radiation hardenable lacquer is applied and provided with a diffraction structure in one 9 2~8~68 operation. In subsequent operations the diffraction struc-ture is vacuum coated with a reflective metal layer and provided with a protective lacquer.
In other known systems the operation of applying the hologram is divided in two. Following papermaking, the lacquer is applied to the paper surface in a first step.
After the paper is printed the optical grid is embossed in the next step.
The forced order of printing and applying the optically effective layers or optically effective structures leads, as already mentioned, to a number of serious disadvantages.
A further disadvantage of the known methods is the difficulty of integrating them into the organizational sequence of security printing plants. For security reasons it is virtually indispensable in paper-of-value manufacture for the printing process, in particular the printing of the serial number, to be the last processing operation before delivery of the papers of value. In security printing plants ,it is therefore an established custom to prefabricate paper with the corresponding security features, such a~ water-marks, safeguarding threads and any optical elements, and then to print it. This manufacturing sequence is likewise not possible with th,e known methods.
It must also be heeded that optically variable elements and paper are two materials with extremely different prop-erties, and that different demands are also made on the two materials in accordance with the intended function. Paper, in particular paper of value, should have, among other properties, a certain "touch"; it must also be a~le to take and bind inks. These properties are obtained by selecting .
-2 ~ 6 8 special types of paper, preferably rag paper, and by settinga predetermined surface roughness and structure. Optically variable elements, by contrast, should have optical proper-ties that are as effective as possible. For this purpose the laws of physics primarily demand surface structures charac-terized by very high smoothness and ~latness.
When optical elements are applied to paper there is thus always a danger of the surface roughness of the paper being embossed into the sometimes very sensitive layers of the plane element and damaging, impairing or even destroying them. It is generally therefore necessary to strike a bal-ance between the different surface qualities to prevent such an impairment.
These many, sometimes very serious disadvantages are avoided by the inventive method and the corresponding appa-ratus. The invention makes it possible to provide a paper of value having an optically variable element which can be printed subsequently, in particular by steel intaglio printing, without damaging the optically variable element.
Furthermore, the application of the optically variable ele-ment can be integrated into the production sequence without any changes in machines.
In contrast to the previous procedure, by which the optically variable elements were always embossed, glued or transferred to the paper of value only after the production proper, the invention provides the teaching o~ already con-nec~ing the optically variable element with the paper of value during the papermaking process, more precisely when the paper of value is still relatively moist, soft and not yet couched or calendered. Unlike the dried and hardened state of the paper, this phase makes it possible to press a .
2~8~68 pressure-sensitive optically variable element into the paper stuff without causing any damage. The high water content in this phase of production has a pressure-compensating effect and permits the element to be embedded uniformly into the paper stuff.
The surface roughness of the paper does not emboss the sensitive layers o~ the element, as when the optically var-iable elements are applied subsequently. Instead, the still flexible paper fibers adapt to the smooth lower surface of the optically variable elements, which are supported on their other side by the smooth surfaces of the calender rolls.
This results in an embedding of the optically variable element in the paper substance whereby the paper surface is flush with the surface of the optically variable element. It is readily possible to print subsequently even in the areas of the optically variable element since the hi~h pressures that occur do not lead to an excessive load on the optically variable element embedded in the surface of the paper of ,value.
It is particularly advantageous for carrying out the inventive method if the opticall~ variable elements exist in the form of a band, like safeguarding threads. Unlike con-ventional safeguarding threads, the carrier films with the optically active structure are placed on the paper layer after sheet formation is concluded or almost concluded. The film is thus either fed to the f,orming vat outside the pulp after the paper layer has been completely formed, i.e. it is placed on the paper fiber layer after the latter has left the forming vat, or the film is fed to the forming vat in the pulp at a point at which an essential part of the paper `
.
.
2~268 formation is already over, e.g. after 80 to 90% of the final paper thickness exists, so that the thickness of the film strip plus the paper corresponds approximately to the paper thickness in the adjacent areas.
By contrast, the point for feeding conventional safe-guarding threads can be freely selected due to their low demands on the paper material and the treatment ~ompared to optically variable elements. For example, such safeguarding threads, which are known to be disposed at least partly within the paper material, can already be fed to the forming vat after 50% paper deposit. However, the point of feed can also be selected at 40 or 60% paper formation without im-pairing the physical security effects.
The method steps following the paper web formation, such as calendering, gluing, drying, etc., correspond to the customary procedure. They firmly anchor the carrier film within the paper of value. The paper-side layer of the car-rier film is preferably provided with an adhesive layer which hardens when the paper dries. Depending on the embod-iment, i.e. film width, rigidity, time of application, etc., the expert will select the particular suitable adhesive from the range of commercially available adhesives. Particularly suitable adhesives appear to be both contact adhesives and water-soluble adhesives or hot-melt adhesives. It might also be possible to support the hardening of the adhesive by ap-propriate UV or infrared radiation.
If no endless film band is to be used, individual op-tically varia~le elements in the form of adhesive labels can also be provided. These adhesive labels are preferably af-fixed to an endless transfer band that is removed later, i.e. after the labels are anchored in the paper stuf~.
;
~, 2~82~8 Since the hologram application can still be per~ormed according to the inventive method in the reel stage of the paper, high processing speeds are possible.
The independence of the printing process and the holo-gram application results in the further advantage that the production sequence customary in security printing plants can be maintained. Thus, the paper can be prefabricated, and also stored if necessary, with all its security elements, such as watermark, safeguarding thread, optically variable element, etc. The printing process, which is particularly critical in terms of security, constitutes as usual the last method step.
In the following some embodiments of the invention shall be described by way of example with reference to the enclosed drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a paper of value having an embedded hologram element and embedded safeguard-ing thread, Figs. 2a to d show various embodiments of the posi-tioning aid and the guide element, Figs. 3 to 13 show schematic representations o~ a cylinder machine for the inventive application of the se-curity elements.
Fig. 1 shows part of a paper of value 10 having embed-ded security elements, preferably an optically v~riable element 12 and a safeguarding thread 11. The paper of value can of course also ha~e only one of security elements 11, 12 shown or any combination of these security elements and .
- ~ \
2~268 other security elements not shown.
optically variable element 12 is embedded continuously in the paper stuff in the form of a strip, its surface being flush with the paper surface. The surface of the optically variable element, which preferably has a hologram structure 14, is entirely visible from the outside so that the optical effects are easy to test. This is not always the case with known window safeguarding threads since the tiny surfaces which make the thread material visible in their case are not very effective optically.
Safeguarding thread 11, by contrast, can either be completely embedded in the paper material or woven into the paper stuff in the form of a window safeguarding thread. In a preferred embodiment, safeguarding thread 11 is made of a plastic film having a metallic coating, whereby the coating has recesses in the form of characters or patterns. Fur-thermore, the safeguarding thread is embedded in the paper material in the form of a window safeguarding thread.
Both the optically variable element and the safeguard-ing thread exist as thin, self-supporting, endless bands on supply reels. The film band to be introduced will therefore be referred to in general as a security element in the fol-lowing. The expert will decide on the basis of the gi.ven circumstances which of the possibilities shown is most suitable for the particular security element to be intro-duced.
To permit the security element to be deposited on the forming paper web true to side, the beginning of the endless band is provided with a perforated piece o~ film 200 as a positioning aid, as sketched in Fig. 2a. Instead of piece of 20~26~
film 200, however, one can also use any other type of mesh which is very water-permeable, such as wire mesh 210 in Fig.
2b.
The exact function and mode of application of posi-tioning aid 200 or 210 will be explained in detail with reference to the following figures. Figs. 3 to 10 show var-ious possibilities for feeding ~ilm band 16 within the paper machine.
As apparent from Fig. 3, the paper layer forms on forming vat 18 in the known way through the removal of liquid from pulp 24 through interior 20 of forming vat 18 whereby the paper fibers are deposited on the forming vat.
Security element 16 i9 withdrawn from a supply reel 17 and applied to paper 26 with a nozzle 30, whereby nozzle 30 is immersed into pulp 24 far enough to reach a point where enough paper is formed for particular security element 16.
When leaving forming vat 18 finished paper web 26 is covered with a pick-up felt 22 and transported to the subsequent further processing units.
To ensure that the security element is also positioned true to side within nozzle 30 it is advantageous to provide the beginning of the endless band with an additional three-dimensional guide element 400 whose dimensions con~orm with the dimensions of the noz~le (Fi~. 2c). Since nozzle 30 preferably has a rectangular or oval cross section, guide element 400 generally has either a right parallelepiped shape, as shown in Fig. 2c, or a cylindrical shape. However, other embodiments are also conceivable which permit the guide element to slide within the nozzle without being able to twist. This guide element 400 is not affixed to security "
: .
', ' , .
2~82~
element 16, however, but encloses it in such a way that band 16 can move without hindrance in the running direction but in no other direction.
When a new supply reel is used, perforated piece of film 200 and guide element 400 are introduced at the begin-ning into nozzle 30 true to side and transported with com-p~essed air to the nozzle end near the paper. While piece of film 200 is deposited on the paper web true to side, guide element 400 is locked on a fitting piece 60 at the nozzle end. Fig. 2d shows a sectional view of this assembly.
Piece of film 200 is embedded in the paper web very quickly and uniformly due to its relatively high water per-meability, so that a relatively uniform tensile force is exerted on security element 16. This ensures that band 16 cannot twist either upon the first threading up of the end-less band or during continuous operation.
Instead of nozzle 30 one can also use an attachment rod 70, affixing guide element 400 to its side facing the form-ing vat, as shown in Fig. 4.
After the supply reel has been completely unreeled, guide element 400 can be released via a special snap mech-anism on the fitting piece of the nozzle and is consequently deposited on the bottom of the pulp bath. Guide elements 400 collecting on the bath bottom in the course of time are re-moved during the routine bath cleaning actions. One can op-tionall~ withdraw guide element g00 from the nozzle upwardly with the aid of a special apparatus and thus free the nozzle for the guide element of the next supply reel.
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- 17 - 2~82~
Fig. 5 shows a fully different method for ~eeding se-curity element 16 to the paper web true to side. The secu-rity element is fed to the forming paper web via a transport band 100 which circulates as a closed loop over rolls 101 and 102. To ensure that the piece of film passes from transport band 100 to the paper web at the beginning of thread 200, piece of film 200 is so rigid and the deflection of transport band 100 on roll 101 so sharp as to permit only detachment from the deflection roll and no further trans-port. Transport band 100 must also be designed in such a way that piece of film 200 adheres firmly to it during transport and is nevertheless easily detachable. This can be achieved e.g. by providiny both transport band 100 and piece of film 200 with magnetic embeddings or coating piece of film 200 with a contact adhesive.
A third possibility for true-to-side transport is shown in Fig. 6. In this case piece of film 200 and connected thread 16 are transported to the forming vat between two transport bands having an identical structure to that shown in Fig. 5.
If security element 16 is wide enough, or if the paper has substantially reached its final thickness, no more paper is deposited before security element 16 since the film pre-vents the paper and vat from being water-permeable in its contact area. Security element 16 can be coated e.g. with a hot-melt adhesive. In the hot dryer section of the paper machine it is then firmly connected with the paper. Adhesive coatings are necessary e.g. for window safeguarding threads since the safeguarding thread would otherwise not lie smoothly on the paper layer therebelow in the window areas.
2~2~8 A disadvantage i5 that the adhesive (e.g. hot-~elt ad-hesive) may initially have only minimal adhesive power dur-ing the feed since film 16 would otherwise be stuck in feed nozzle 30. After security element 16 has been deposited on the paper web with the aid of piece of film 200, endless band 16 is first held only by the "inherent adhesive power"
of moist paper 26. For wider, thicker and more rigid films with a width-to-thickness ratio of about 20 or more, as are frequently used today, the methods described in the follow-ing are therefore more suitable.
Fig. 7 shows a method which permits the application of a security element 16 which is coated with a strong contact adhesive and, as is customary in such cases, provided with a silicone paper 35 protecting the coated side. This do~lble film consisting of security element 16 and silicone paper 35 is withdrawn, as up to now, from a supply reel 17 and fed to forming vat 18 via deflection rolls. At the same place is located ta~e-off means 32 for silicone paper 35, which sub-stantially comprises a de~lection roll for feeding the withdrawn silicone paper to a storage reel 31.
When weaker contact adhesives are used, such as Scotch tape, it suffices to cover the side of film 16 coated with adhesive during the feed to formin~ vat 18, so that in this case only feature film 16 is located on dispensing reel 17.
Fig. 8 shows such a method in which a closed-loo~ silicone--coated carrier band 40 is used as a protective cover. This band ollows a path defined by deflection rolls 41 to 43, covering the adhesive upper surface of feature film 16 in the area between deflection rolls 44 and 41. This prevents paper fibers or other substances contained in the pulp from being deposited on the adhesive coating and thereby impair-ing the adhesion to the wet sheet material. The methods ` 2~826~
shown in Figs. 7 and 8 can be combined, as 9hown in Fig. 9, to make it easier for a feature film 16 coated with contact adhesive to be threaded up with silicone paper 35. Silicone paper 35 is withdrawn here from film 16 directly after dis-pensing reel 17 via deflection roll 33 and supplied to a storage reel 34. The now exposed adhesive coating of film 16 is protected during further transport to the wet paper web by a circulating silicone-coated film 40, as in the above-described method.
A further alternative to the methods stated up to now for feeding feature films coated with contact adhesive is offered by the procedure shown in Fig. 10. Security element 16 is in this case coated with adhesive 50 directly before being fed to the paper machine, a~d transported to the forming vat by the known method with the aid of a circulat-ing silicone band 40.
With respect to the adhesives to be used it should be noted that one can use not only hot-melt and contact adhe-sives but also other adhesives such as multi-component ad-hesives, or ones which are activated in water. It is also advantageous to use adhesive mixtures whereby the films are first attached to the paper provisionally and firmly con-nected in later production steps (e.g. during drying and calendering under the action of heat).
If the security element is to be visible all over the surface of the paper of value there are further process variants for applying the security element to the paper of value true to side during the production thereof.
As shown in Fig. 11, band 1~ is sup~lied here to the paper machine in such a way that it lies upon paper fiber - 20 - 2~58~8 layer 26 which is already formed. At the same time band 16 is introduced between pick-up felt 22 and paper fiber layer 26 leaving forming vat 18. Film 16 is withdrawn from a supply reel 17.
The introduction of security element 16 between felt 22 and paper layer 26 permits a particularly good guidance and precise placement of security element 16. However, the film can also be placed on the other side of paper layer 26, as shown in Fig. 12, for example introduced into the gap be-tween roll 25 and paper layer 26.
A further possible variant for introducing the thread is shown in Fig. 13. In this case security element 16 i5 already applied to the forming vat before papermaking. This possibility is particularly suitable for threads whose width is within the range of the paper iber length or smaller, since, although no fibers are deposited on the thread it-self, those being depositad on the vat in the direct envi-ronment of the thread overlap the thread, so that a paper base has nevertheless formed in the area of the thread when the pulp is left.
In a preferred embodiment, the side of film band 16 facing the paper web is provided with an adhesiv~ layer, which results in a stronger fixation of the film to the surface of the paper. The adhesive layer can be embodied by either a water-soluble wet adhesive or a hot-melt adhesive.
When the paper web is dried the adhesive i5 activated and/or h~rdened. The element is thus firmly anchored in the paper.
For reasons of clarity, the feed of the security ele-ment is described here with reference to a machine having only one forming vat. It is no problem, however, to apply - 21 2~2~
this method to a machine having two-layer production, i.e. a twin cylinder system, or to an endless wire machine. In this case the thread i5 fed to the vat producing the major part of the paper thickness, or fed to the endless wire analo-gously.
After the security element is placed on the paper layer the latter runs in the customary way through the further treatment units i~ the paper machine. During calendering a possibly embedded optically variable element is pressed into the paper layer while it is still soft, in the way shown in Fig. 1, whereby the paper fibers adapt to the smooth surface o~ the element.
If an endless band is not applied but rather individual elements, the transfer band must be removed after the ele~
ments are anchored in the paper. This is preferably done after the paper web is dried, but in any case before the gluing unit. The same procedure is necessary i~ endless bands are to be applied by the transfer method, or thin films with low inherent stability are to be fixed to the paper surface.
After the quality inspection the paper web is ready for printing. It can either be wound onto a winding-up means and stored, or directl~ introduced into a printing machine.
EP-A 0 279 880 describes such a safeguarding thread made from transparent film material which is printed with microcharacters with metallic luster and embedded inside the antifalsification paper. In incident light the safeguarding thread and the characters cannot be detected due to the scatter of the paper layer disposed above the sa~'eguarding thread and the high reflection of the lustrous characters.
In transmitted light, however, the viewer sees printing running through the paper of value. This prevents the char-acters from being imitated by a print on the paper surface.
A special visual effect can also be achieved, however, by embedding the thread in the paper material only partly since the safeguarding thread then passes directly to the surface in several places (EP-A 0 070 172). This so-called window safeguarding thread can additionally be provided at least partly with printing which is luminescent under UV
,irradiation or with holograms.
A particularly striking safeguarding thread which i9 very easy to find in the paper of value is described by EP-A
0 33G 733. It is likewise a window safeguarding thread which is made of a transparent plastic film with a metallic coat-ing, whereby this coating has recesses in the form of char-acters or patterns. Furthermore, the safeguarding thread is provided in the areas congruent with the recesses with chromophore and~or luminescent substances which, under suitable light conditions, make the charactexs or patterns contrast in color wi~h the opaque metal coating.
20~82~g Although the stated security elements must be classi-fied as very valuable in terms of security, their incorpo-ration into the paper is quite problematic since a true-to-side embedding of the thread material cannot always be ensured in practice due to a number of sources of error.
This means that any characters may be mirror-inverted in the paper of value depending on the position of the safeguarding thread.
Up to now this blemish due to production was either simply accepted or it was compensated by applying the printed pattern alternatingly true to side and side-invert-ed.
However, new safeguarding threads, which are equipped with high-technology optical properties such as holograms, require greater precision for incorporation into the paper.
The optically active structure exists only on one side of the thread and must pass directly to the document surface at least in part in order to be accessible to visual testing.
The back of the thread is customarily coated with adhesive for~attaching the thin and narrow thread smoothly and in a straight line, particularly in the window areas.
If such a thread is incorporated into the paper of value side-inverted, this leads to a loss in the optical security effect since the optical structure cannot be ob-served through the paper material from the back of the paper of value. Since the adhesive layer is exposed in the window areas when such a safeguarding thread is incorporated side--inverted, there is also a danger of the safeguarding thread being glued to adjacent bills or objects in the window areas. Side-inverted embedding thus means a high quality loss or reject rate ln this case.
. .
20~2~8 ,~
The invention is there~ore based on the problem of stating a method for producing a paper of value having an embedded security element and an apparatus for carrying out the method whereby the application of the security element is integrated into the papermaking in such a way that the security element comes to lie on the paper of value true to side.
This problem is solved according to the invention by the features stated in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 32. Advantageous developments are the object of sub-claims.
The inventive method and the inventive apparatus make it possible for the first time to incorporate safeguarding threads reliably true to side. For this purpose the thread material is deposited on the supply reels true to side and fed to the wire as close as possible under a tensile force as constant as possible, with the aid of a transport mech-anism conceived in such a way as to prevent the band from twisting under normal conditions.
To facilitate the first threading up of an endless reel the beginning of the endless band is provided with a posi-tioning aid in the form of a wide piece of film which is introduced into the transport mechanism true to side. The piece of film can be perforated to ensure a better connec--tion with the paper. Instead of the piece of film one can also use another suitable material, such as a wire mesh. The area of the paper web which contains the positioning aid is subsequently eliminated as spoilage.
The transport mechanism i5 designed in such a way that it holds the guide element and thus the thread true to side _ 5 _ 20~226~
during the entire transport. As soon as the guide element has reached the developing paper web the guide element is deposited quickly and uniformly on the paper web due to its relatively high water-permeable area, thereby exerting a uniform tensile force on the security element which i5 con-sequently likewise deposited on the paper web true to side.
The inventive solution thus makes it possible to in-corporate conventional safeguarding threads embedded in the paper of value either completely or partly as window threads, with higher quality and with clearly lower reject rates.
However, this method also opens up the possibility of producing papers of value with safeguarding threads which are completely exposed on the surface. Sucll safeguarding threads are increasingly used to provide protection against imitations with color copiers and are generally provided with optically variable structures such as holograms or diffraction patterns. The protection against forgery is in this case based on the insufficient reproduction of the op-tical properties of such threads by color copiers.
Up to now such optically variable security elements were usually applied after the paper-of-value manufacture due to the difficulties in applying them true to side.
Various ~ethods are known for applyin~ optically var-iable elements to papers of value. They can usually be di-vided into the three categories gluing, transfer printing and embossing.
By the gluing method, adhesive labels that are in-itially prepunched on silicone paper, for example, are ' 2~2~8 transferred to the paper substrate. The adhesive labels have at least a layer structure composed of a contact adhesive layer, a self-supporting film of an opticall~ active layer (for example with a diffraction grid), and a protective layer located thereabove. The thickness of an adhesive label is typically in the range of 50 micrometers, the main part of the thickness being due to the carrier film.
In transfer printing, also known as "hot stamping," the optically variable element is pre~abricated on a transfer band and transferred to the substrate in a subsequent work-ing step. The structure transferred to the paper typically has a thickness in the range of a few micrometers. In the case of holograms the customary layer structure of the ele ment comprises a heat-sealing layer, a layer of lacquer with an embossing, an aluminized layer and a transparent covering protective layer. This layer structure is initially located on the transfer foil, being affixed to the foil by a release layer (e.g. a wax layer). One transfers the band by placing it with the heat-sealing layer on the substrate and acti-vating the heat-sealing layer by pressing on a heated die, so that the element bonds with the substrate. Simulta-neously, the separation layer melts, thereby detaching the hologram from the transfer band. The transfer principle is the most frequently applied method today and is in particu-lar also used customarily for applying holograms to plastic credit cards.
The embossing method is mainly suitable for diffraction element~, such as holograms and optical grids. A layer of hardenable lac~uer is applied to a substrate that i5 pref-erably provided with an extremely thin and reflective metal surface. A press die is then used to emboss the diffraction relief structure into the layer of lacquer. After the 2~268 lacquer has hardened the structure is covered with a pro-tective lacquer. The finished element has a layer structure comprising the successive layers of lacquer with the metal layer and relief structure and the layer of protective lacquer.
Each of the known methods and the resulting products has its own special advantages and disadvantages. For ex ample, adhesive labels ara technically easy to produce and can be transferred to the intended substrates true to side without any trouble. An extreme disadvantage of adhesive labels for application in the paper-of-value branch, how-ever, is that the entire elements can be detached from the substrate and transferred to forged products. For this rea-son, transfer and embossed elements are preferred for paper-of-value applications.
Transfer and embossed elements largely meet the re-quirements in terms of protection from forgery in the pa-per-of-value branch, but these elements involve a number of production engineering problems in connection with papers of value.
It must be taken into consideration that papers of value customarily have a high-security printed pattern;
these patterns are applied in most cases by steel intaglio printing. Steel intaglio printing and related methods require a relatively high surface roughness of the substrate for the inks to bond well with the substrate. However, rough surfaces are extremely unsuitable for the application of optically variable elements, which have little stability.
The quality of sensitive hologram structures is affected very adversely by rough surface structures.
' 2~8268 It must further be heeded that the paper of value i5 subjected to a very high pressure load on its whole surface during steel intaglio printing. This customarily reduces the optical effect of any optical elements applied prior to printing; the elements can even be damaged or fully de-stroyed by the paper roughness pressed through from the pa-per base.
When producing papers of value having optically var-iable elements one therefore first provides the paper of value with the printed pattern and then applies the hologram in one of the following method steps, or one divides the application of the elements into single steps, performing the measures not endan~ered by steel intaglio printing be-fore the printing and the others only after it. One thereby accepted the disadvantages up to now that this direct coup-ling with the printing process made it impossible to pre-fabricate unprinted papers of value with optically variable elements in a job-neutral way (stockpile production), on the one hand, and that the application of the optically variable elements requires suitable machines (transfer machines, etc.) per printing line, on the other hand. The special ma-chines required per printing line not only increase th~ cost and the space re~uirements o~ the machinery, but also cause a bottleneck at the end of each printing line due to their different production capacity, which can only be compensated by additional machinery.
EP-A O 338 378 discloses such a system for producing paper products that have both a printed pattern and an op-tical diffraction element. In a continuous process the paper is first printed in known printing units. Then, as in the described embossing method, a radiation hardenable lacquer is applied and provided with a diffraction structure in one 9 2~8~68 operation. In subsequent operations the diffraction struc-ture is vacuum coated with a reflective metal layer and provided with a protective lacquer.
In other known systems the operation of applying the hologram is divided in two. Following papermaking, the lacquer is applied to the paper surface in a first step.
After the paper is printed the optical grid is embossed in the next step.
The forced order of printing and applying the optically effective layers or optically effective structures leads, as already mentioned, to a number of serious disadvantages.
A further disadvantage of the known methods is the difficulty of integrating them into the organizational sequence of security printing plants. For security reasons it is virtually indispensable in paper-of-value manufacture for the printing process, in particular the printing of the serial number, to be the last processing operation before delivery of the papers of value. In security printing plants ,it is therefore an established custom to prefabricate paper with the corresponding security features, such a~ water-marks, safeguarding threads and any optical elements, and then to print it. This manufacturing sequence is likewise not possible with th,e known methods.
It must also be heeded that optically variable elements and paper are two materials with extremely different prop-erties, and that different demands are also made on the two materials in accordance with the intended function. Paper, in particular paper of value, should have, among other properties, a certain "touch"; it must also be a~le to take and bind inks. These properties are obtained by selecting .
-2 ~ 6 8 special types of paper, preferably rag paper, and by settinga predetermined surface roughness and structure. Optically variable elements, by contrast, should have optical proper-ties that are as effective as possible. For this purpose the laws of physics primarily demand surface structures charac-terized by very high smoothness and ~latness.
When optical elements are applied to paper there is thus always a danger of the surface roughness of the paper being embossed into the sometimes very sensitive layers of the plane element and damaging, impairing or even destroying them. It is generally therefore necessary to strike a bal-ance between the different surface qualities to prevent such an impairment.
These many, sometimes very serious disadvantages are avoided by the inventive method and the corresponding appa-ratus. The invention makes it possible to provide a paper of value having an optically variable element which can be printed subsequently, in particular by steel intaglio printing, without damaging the optically variable element.
Furthermore, the application of the optically variable ele-ment can be integrated into the production sequence without any changes in machines.
In contrast to the previous procedure, by which the optically variable elements were always embossed, glued or transferred to the paper of value only after the production proper, the invention provides the teaching o~ already con-nec~ing the optically variable element with the paper of value during the papermaking process, more precisely when the paper of value is still relatively moist, soft and not yet couched or calendered. Unlike the dried and hardened state of the paper, this phase makes it possible to press a .
2~8~68 pressure-sensitive optically variable element into the paper stuff without causing any damage. The high water content in this phase of production has a pressure-compensating effect and permits the element to be embedded uniformly into the paper stuff.
The surface roughness of the paper does not emboss the sensitive layers o~ the element, as when the optically var-iable elements are applied subsequently. Instead, the still flexible paper fibers adapt to the smooth lower surface of the optically variable elements, which are supported on their other side by the smooth surfaces of the calender rolls.
This results in an embedding of the optically variable element in the paper substance whereby the paper surface is flush with the surface of the optically variable element. It is readily possible to print subsequently even in the areas of the optically variable element since the hi~h pressures that occur do not lead to an excessive load on the optically variable element embedded in the surface of the paper of ,value.
It is particularly advantageous for carrying out the inventive method if the opticall~ variable elements exist in the form of a band, like safeguarding threads. Unlike con-ventional safeguarding threads, the carrier films with the optically active structure are placed on the paper layer after sheet formation is concluded or almost concluded. The film is thus either fed to the f,orming vat outside the pulp after the paper layer has been completely formed, i.e. it is placed on the paper fiber layer after the latter has left the forming vat, or the film is fed to the forming vat in the pulp at a point at which an essential part of the paper `
.
.
2~268 formation is already over, e.g. after 80 to 90% of the final paper thickness exists, so that the thickness of the film strip plus the paper corresponds approximately to the paper thickness in the adjacent areas.
By contrast, the point for feeding conventional safe-guarding threads can be freely selected due to their low demands on the paper material and the treatment ~ompared to optically variable elements. For example, such safeguarding threads, which are known to be disposed at least partly within the paper material, can already be fed to the forming vat after 50% paper deposit. However, the point of feed can also be selected at 40 or 60% paper formation without im-pairing the physical security effects.
The method steps following the paper web formation, such as calendering, gluing, drying, etc., correspond to the customary procedure. They firmly anchor the carrier film within the paper of value. The paper-side layer of the car-rier film is preferably provided with an adhesive layer which hardens when the paper dries. Depending on the embod-iment, i.e. film width, rigidity, time of application, etc., the expert will select the particular suitable adhesive from the range of commercially available adhesives. Particularly suitable adhesives appear to be both contact adhesives and water-soluble adhesives or hot-melt adhesives. It might also be possible to support the hardening of the adhesive by ap-propriate UV or infrared radiation.
If no endless film band is to be used, individual op-tically varia~le elements in the form of adhesive labels can also be provided. These adhesive labels are preferably af-fixed to an endless transfer band that is removed later, i.e. after the labels are anchored in the paper stuf~.
;
~, 2~82~8 Since the hologram application can still be per~ormed according to the inventive method in the reel stage of the paper, high processing speeds are possible.
The independence of the printing process and the holo-gram application results in the further advantage that the production sequence customary in security printing plants can be maintained. Thus, the paper can be prefabricated, and also stored if necessary, with all its security elements, such as watermark, safeguarding thread, optically variable element, etc. The printing process, which is particularly critical in terms of security, constitutes as usual the last method step.
In the following some embodiments of the invention shall be described by way of example with reference to the enclosed drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a paper of value having an embedded hologram element and embedded safeguard-ing thread, Figs. 2a to d show various embodiments of the posi-tioning aid and the guide element, Figs. 3 to 13 show schematic representations o~ a cylinder machine for the inventive application of the se-curity elements.
Fig. 1 shows part of a paper of value 10 having embed-ded security elements, preferably an optically v~riable element 12 and a safeguarding thread 11. The paper of value can of course also ha~e only one of security elements 11, 12 shown or any combination of these security elements and .
- ~ \
2~268 other security elements not shown.
optically variable element 12 is embedded continuously in the paper stuff in the form of a strip, its surface being flush with the paper surface. The surface of the optically variable element, which preferably has a hologram structure 14, is entirely visible from the outside so that the optical effects are easy to test. This is not always the case with known window safeguarding threads since the tiny surfaces which make the thread material visible in their case are not very effective optically.
Safeguarding thread 11, by contrast, can either be completely embedded in the paper material or woven into the paper stuff in the form of a window safeguarding thread. In a preferred embodiment, safeguarding thread 11 is made of a plastic film having a metallic coating, whereby the coating has recesses in the form of characters or patterns. Fur-thermore, the safeguarding thread is embedded in the paper material in the form of a window safeguarding thread.
Both the optically variable element and the safeguard-ing thread exist as thin, self-supporting, endless bands on supply reels. The film band to be introduced will therefore be referred to in general as a security element in the fol-lowing. The expert will decide on the basis of the gi.ven circumstances which of the possibilities shown is most suitable for the particular security element to be intro-duced.
To permit the security element to be deposited on the forming paper web true to side, the beginning of the endless band is provided with a perforated piece o~ film 200 as a positioning aid, as sketched in Fig. 2a. Instead of piece of 20~26~
film 200, however, one can also use any other type of mesh which is very water-permeable, such as wire mesh 210 in Fig.
2b.
The exact function and mode of application of posi-tioning aid 200 or 210 will be explained in detail with reference to the following figures. Figs. 3 to 10 show var-ious possibilities for feeding ~ilm band 16 within the paper machine.
As apparent from Fig. 3, the paper layer forms on forming vat 18 in the known way through the removal of liquid from pulp 24 through interior 20 of forming vat 18 whereby the paper fibers are deposited on the forming vat.
Security element 16 i9 withdrawn from a supply reel 17 and applied to paper 26 with a nozzle 30, whereby nozzle 30 is immersed into pulp 24 far enough to reach a point where enough paper is formed for particular security element 16.
When leaving forming vat 18 finished paper web 26 is covered with a pick-up felt 22 and transported to the subsequent further processing units.
To ensure that the security element is also positioned true to side within nozzle 30 it is advantageous to provide the beginning of the endless band with an additional three-dimensional guide element 400 whose dimensions con~orm with the dimensions of the noz~le (Fi~. 2c). Since nozzle 30 preferably has a rectangular or oval cross section, guide element 400 generally has either a right parallelepiped shape, as shown in Fig. 2c, or a cylindrical shape. However, other embodiments are also conceivable which permit the guide element to slide within the nozzle without being able to twist. This guide element 400 is not affixed to security "
: .
', ' , .
2~82~
element 16, however, but encloses it in such a way that band 16 can move without hindrance in the running direction but in no other direction.
When a new supply reel is used, perforated piece of film 200 and guide element 400 are introduced at the begin-ning into nozzle 30 true to side and transported with com-p~essed air to the nozzle end near the paper. While piece of film 200 is deposited on the paper web true to side, guide element 400 is locked on a fitting piece 60 at the nozzle end. Fig. 2d shows a sectional view of this assembly.
Piece of film 200 is embedded in the paper web very quickly and uniformly due to its relatively high water per-meability, so that a relatively uniform tensile force is exerted on security element 16. This ensures that band 16 cannot twist either upon the first threading up of the end-less band or during continuous operation.
Instead of nozzle 30 one can also use an attachment rod 70, affixing guide element 400 to its side facing the form-ing vat, as shown in Fig. 4.
After the supply reel has been completely unreeled, guide element 400 can be released via a special snap mech-anism on the fitting piece of the nozzle and is consequently deposited on the bottom of the pulp bath. Guide elements 400 collecting on the bath bottom in the course of time are re-moved during the routine bath cleaning actions. One can op-tionall~ withdraw guide element g00 from the nozzle upwardly with the aid of a special apparatus and thus free the nozzle for the guide element of the next supply reel.
.
.
- 17 - 2~82~
Fig. 5 shows a fully different method for ~eeding se-curity element 16 to the paper web true to side. The secu-rity element is fed to the forming paper web via a transport band 100 which circulates as a closed loop over rolls 101 and 102. To ensure that the piece of film passes from transport band 100 to the paper web at the beginning of thread 200, piece of film 200 is so rigid and the deflection of transport band 100 on roll 101 so sharp as to permit only detachment from the deflection roll and no further trans-port. Transport band 100 must also be designed in such a way that piece of film 200 adheres firmly to it during transport and is nevertheless easily detachable. This can be achieved e.g. by providiny both transport band 100 and piece of film 200 with magnetic embeddings or coating piece of film 200 with a contact adhesive.
A third possibility for true-to-side transport is shown in Fig. 6. In this case piece of film 200 and connected thread 16 are transported to the forming vat between two transport bands having an identical structure to that shown in Fig. 5.
If security element 16 is wide enough, or if the paper has substantially reached its final thickness, no more paper is deposited before security element 16 since the film pre-vents the paper and vat from being water-permeable in its contact area. Security element 16 can be coated e.g. with a hot-melt adhesive. In the hot dryer section of the paper machine it is then firmly connected with the paper. Adhesive coatings are necessary e.g. for window safeguarding threads since the safeguarding thread would otherwise not lie smoothly on the paper layer therebelow in the window areas.
2~2~8 A disadvantage i5 that the adhesive (e.g. hot-~elt ad-hesive) may initially have only minimal adhesive power dur-ing the feed since film 16 would otherwise be stuck in feed nozzle 30. After security element 16 has been deposited on the paper web with the aid of piece of film 200, endless band 16 is first held only by the "inherent adhesive power"
of moist paper 26. For wider, thicker and more rigid films with a width-to-thickness ratio of about 20 or more, as are frequently used today, the methods described in the follow-ing are therefore more suitable.
Fig. 7 shows a method which permits the application of a security element 16 which is coated with a strong contact adhesive and, as is customary in such cases, provided with a silicone paper 35 protecting the coated side. This do~lble film consisting of security element 16 and silicone paper 35 is withdrawn, as up to now, from a supply reel 17 and fed to forming vat 18 via deflection rolls. At the same place is located ta~e-off means 32 for silicone paper 35, which sub-stantially comprises a de~lection roll for feeding the withdrawn silicone paper to a storage reel 31.
When weaker contact adhesives are used, such as Scotch tape, it suffices to cover the side of film 16 coated with adhesive during the feed to formin~ vat 18, so that in this case only feature film 16 is located on dispensing reel 17.
Fig. 8 shows such a method in which a closed-loo~ silicone--coated carrier band 40 is used as a protective cover. This band ollows a path defined by deflection rolls 41 to 43, covering the adhesive upper surface of feature film 16 in the area between deflection rolls 44 and 41. This prevents paper fibers or other substances contained in the pulp from being deposited on the adhesive coating and thereby impair-ing the adhesion to the wet sheet material. The methods ` 2~826~
shown in Figs. 7 and 8 can be combined, as 9hown in Fig. 9, to make it easier for a feature film 16 coated with contact adhesive to be threaded up with silicone paper 35. Silicone paper 35 is withdrawn here from film 16 directly after dis-pensing reel 17 via deflection roll 33 and supplied to a storage reel 34. The now exposed adhesive coating of film 16 is protected during further transport to the wet paper web by a circulating silicone-coated film 40, as in the above-described method.
A further alternative to the methods stated up to now for feeding feature films coated with contact adhesive is offered by the procedure shown in Fig. 10. Security element 16 is in this case coated with adhesive 50 directly before being fed to the paper machine, a~d transported to the forming vat by the known method with the aid of a circulat-ing silicone band 40.
With respect to the adhesives to be used it should be noted that one can use not only hot-melt and contact adhe-sives but also other adhesives such as multi-component ad-hesives, or ones which are activated in water. It is also advantageous to use adhesive mixtures whereby the films are first attached to the paper provisionally and firmly con-nected in later production steps (e.g. during drying and calendering under the action of heat).
If the security element is to be visible all over the surface of the paper of value there are further process variants for applying the security element to the paper of value true to side during the production thereof.
As shown in Fig. 11, band 1~ is sup~lied here to the paper machine in such a way that it lies upon paper fiber - 20 - 2~58~8 layer 26 which is already formed. At the same time band 16 is introduced between pick-up felt 22 and paper fiber layer 26 leaving forming vat 18. Film 16 is withdrawn from a supply reel 17.
The introduction of security element 16 between felt 22 and paper layer 26 permits a particularly good guidance and precise placement of security element 16. However, the film can also be placed on the other side of paper layer 26, as shown in Fig. 12, for example introduced into the gap be-tween roll 25 and paper layer 26.
A further possible variant for introducing the thread is shown in Fig. 13. In this case security element 16 i5 already applied to the forming vat before papermaking. This possibility is particularly suitable for threads whose width is within the range of the paper iber length or smaller, since, although no fibers are deposited on the thread it-self, those being depositad on the vat in the direct envi-ronment of the thread overlap the thread, so that a paper base has nevertheless formed in the area of the thread when the pulp is left.
In a preferred embodiment, the side of film band 16 facing the paper web is provided with an adhesiv~ layer, which results in a stronger fixation of the film to the surface of the paper. The adhesive layer can be embodied by either a water-soluble wet adhesive or a hot-melt adhesive.
When the paper web is dried the adhesive i5 activated and/or h~rdened. The element is thus firmly anchored in the paper.
For reasons of clarity, the feed of the security ele-ment is described here with reference to a machine having only one forming vat. It is no problem, however, to apply - 21 2~2~
this method to a machine having two-layer production, i.e. a twin cylinder system, or to an endless wire machine. In this case the thread i5 fed to the vat producing the major part of the paper thickness, or fed to the endless wire analo-gously.
After the security element is placed on the paper layer the latter runs in the customary way through the further treatment units i~ the paper machine. During calendering a possibly embedded optically variable element is pressed into the paper layer while it is still soft, in the way shown in Fig. 1, whereby the paper fibers adapt to the smooth surface o~ the element.
If an endless band is not applied but rather individual elements, the transfer band must be removed after the ele~
ments are anchored in the paper. This is preferably done after the paper web is dried, but in any case before the gluing unit. The same procedure is necessary i~ endless bands are to be applied by the transfer method, or thin films with low inherent stability are to be fixed to the paper surface.
After the quality inspection the paper web is ready for printing. It can either be wound onto a winding-up means and stored, or directl~ introduced into a printing machine.
Claims (47)
1. A method for producing a paper of value having an embedded security element, in particular safeguarding thread with characters or optically active structures in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference structures, char-acterized in that the security element is present true to side on a reel in the form of an endless band, and this band is fed to the wire of the paper machine by mechanical means, the mechanical means being designed in such a way that the band cannot twist under normal conditions.
2. The method of claim 1, characterized by the follow-ing steps:
- fastening a flat positioning aid to the beginning of the endless band present on the reel, - feeding the flat positioning aid and the connected endless band to the wire with the aid of mechanical means, the mechanical means being designed in such a way that the flat positioning aid and thus the security element cannot twist under normal conditions, - uniformly depositing the flat positioning aid on the developing paper web true to side so that the security ele-ment is deposited on the wire true to side.
- fastening a flat positioning aid to the beginning of the endless band present on the reel, - feeding the flat positioning aid and the connected endless band to the wire with the aid of mechanical means, the mechanical means being designed in such a way that the flat positioning aid and thus the security element cannot twist under normal conditions, - uniformly depositing the flat positioning aid on the developing paper web true to side so that the security ele-ment is deposited on the wire true to side.
3. The method of claim 1, characterized by the follow-ing steps:
- introducing the endless band into an opening running through a three-dimensional guide element which encloses the band in such a way that it can move in the running direction but not twist, - fastening a flat positioning aid to the beginning of the band after the latter has passed the opening in the three-dimensional guide element, - disposing the three-dimensional guide element before the wire so that it can be removed upon a change of the reel on which the security element is present in the form of an endless band, - uniformly depositing the flat positioning aid on the developing paper web true to side so that the security ele-ment is deposited on the wire true to side.
- introducing the endless band into an opening running through a three-dimensional guide element which encloses the band in such a way that it can move in the running direction but not twist, - fastening a flat positioning aid to the beginning of the band after the latter has passed the opening in the three-dimensional guide element, - disposing the three-dimensional guide element before the wire so that it can be removed upon a change of the reel on which the security element is present in the form of an endless band, - uniformly depositing the flat positioning aid on the developing paper web true to side so that the security ele-ment is deposited on the wire true to side.
4. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 3, charac-terized in that the flat positioning aid is a perforated piece of film.
5. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 3, charac-terized in that the flat positioning aid is a mesh.
6. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 3, charac-terized in that the three-dimensional guide element is cylindrical.
7. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 3, charac-terized in that the three-dimensional guide element has a right parallelepiped shape.
8. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 7, charac-terized in that the three-dimensional guide element and the nozzle are coordinated with each other in such a way that the guide element can slide within the nozzle and can be locked at the nozzle exit.
9. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 7, charac-terized in that the mechanical means is a rod on which the three-dimensional guide element is anchored detachably on the side facing the wire.
10. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 7, char-acterized in that the mechanical means is a closed-loop transport band which transports the flat positioning aid and the connected endless band to the wire.
11. The method of claim 10, characterized in that the flat positioning aid adheres to the transport band.
12. The method of claim 11, characterized in that both the transport band and the flat positioning aid are provided with magnetic substances whose interaction ensures the nec-essary adhesion during transport to the wire.
13. The method of claim 11, characterized in that the flat positioning aid is provided with a contact adhesive on the side facing the transport band.
14. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 7, char-acterized in that the security element with the flat posi-tioning aid is transported to the wire between two closed-loop transport bands.
15. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 7, char acterized in that the mechanical means are transport rolls.
16. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 15, char-acterized in that the security element is introduced in a cylinder machine between the felt web and the paper web running off the forming vat.
17. The method of one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the security element is applied to the side of the paper web facing away from the wet felt before the calender rolls.
18. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 16, char-acterized in that the security element is fed to the wire at a point at which a substantial part of the paper formation is concluded, in particular after about 80 to 90% of the paper thickness exists.
19. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 18, char-acterized in that the security element is coated on the pa-per side with an adhesive.
20. The method of claim 19, characterized in that the adhesive is a water-soluble wet adhesive or a hot-melt ad-hesive.
21. The method of one or more or claims 1 to 20, char-acterized in that the security element is provided on the dispensing reel with a carrier layer protecting the adhesive layer, e.g. silicone paper, which is removed directly before contact with the wet paper web.
22. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 20, char-acterized in that the security element is transported to the paper web with the aid of a closed-loop transport path which covers the side coated with adhesive.
23. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 20, char-acterized in that the security element is provided on the dispensing reel with a protective carrier layer, e.g. sili-cone paper, which is removed directly after the dispensing reel.
24. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 20, char-acterized in that the adhesive is applied to the security element on the path between the dispensing reel and the wire.
25. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 24, char-acterized in that the security element is an optically var-iable element in the form of a carrier film with a hologram structure, diffraction structure or interference structure.
26. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 24, char-acterized in that the security element is made of a metal-ized synthetic thread.
27. The method of claim 26, characterized in that the metal coating has recesses in the form of patterns and/or characters.
28. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 27, char-acterized in that the security element has a width-to-thickness ratio of at least about 10:1.
29. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 25, char-acterized in that the security element is disposed on an endless transfer band in the form of individual labels.
30. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 28, char-acterized in that the security element is incorporated in the paper of value as a window safeguarding thread.
31. The method of one or more of claims 1 to 29, char-acterized in that the security element is completely exposed on the surface of the paper of value.
32. An apparatus for producing a paper of value having an embedded security element, in particular safeguarding thread with characters or optically variable structures in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference struc-tures, characterized in that the security element is present on a reel (17) true to side in the form of an endless band (17), and mechanical means (30, 70, 100) are provided for feeding the band to the wire and preventing the band from twisting under normal conditions.
33. The apparatus of claim 32, characterized in that a three-dimensional guide element (400) is provided which has a through-going opening whose dimensions are adapted to the endless band (16) in such a way that the latter can move freely in the running direction but not twist.
34. The apparatus of claim 33, characterized in that the three-dimensional guide element (400) is cylindrical.
35. The apparatus of claim 33, characterized in that the three-dimensional guide element (400) has a right par-allelepiped shape.
36. The apparatus of one or more of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that the nozzle (30) blowing in the secu-rity element (16) has a fitting piece (60) which detachably locks the three-dimensional guide element (400).
37. The apparatus of one or more of claims 32 to 36, characterized in that the mechanical means is a rod (70) on which the three-dimensional guide element (400) is detach-ably anchored on the side facing the wire.
38. The apparatus of one of claims 32 to 37, charac-terized in that the mechanical means is a closed-loop transport band (100).
33. The apparatus of one or more of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that the mechanical means are two closed-loop transport bands (100) disposed in such a way that the endless band (16) is transported to the wire between these transport bands.
40. The apparatus of one or more of claims 32 to 37, characterized in that the mechanical means are transport rolls.
41. A paper of value having an embedded security ele-ment, preferably an optically variable element, in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference structures applied to the paper surface, produced by the method of claim 1, characterized in that the security element (12) is embedded in the paper of value (10) under the surface layer of glue, and the surface forms an uninterrupted, smooth, ridgeless plane.
42. The paper of value of claim 41, characterized in that the carrier film with the optically variable element (16) is designed as an endless strip.
43. The paper of value of claim 42, characterized in that the strip has a width between a few millimeters and a few centimeters.
44. The paper of value of claim 41, characterized in that the carrier film with the optically variable element (16) is embedded in the paper of value in the form of sep-arate labels.
45. The paper of value of one of claims 41 to 44, characterized in that the optically variable element is a hologram.
46. The paper of value of claim 45, characterized in that the hologram has a thickness of about 10 to 50 micro-meters.
47. The paper of value of one of claims 41 to 46, characterized in that the security element (12) is embedded continuously in the paper of value (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4041267.9 | 1990-12-21 | ||
| DE4041267A DE4041267A1 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | METHOD FOR SIDE-SIDING APPLICATION OF SECURITY ELEMENTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2058268A1 true CA2058268A1 (en) | 1992-06-22 |
Family
ID=6421084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002058268A Abandoned CA2058268A1 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1991-12-20 | Method for applying security elements true to side |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0492407B1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100221454B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE120821T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9105490A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2058268A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4041267A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI916070A7 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO180497C (en) |
| PL (1) | PL169408B1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005061797A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-07 | Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Goznaka-Gosudarstvennoe Predpriyatie | Method for producing fraud-proof value paper and value paper produced by said method |
| CN100363557C (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2008-01-23 | 中国印钞造币总公司 | Safety line dispensing device capable of orienting line side |
| US8376409B2 (en) | 2006-10-12 | 2013-02-19 | Arjowiggins Security | Security sheet comprising a fibrous substrate |
| CN103079835A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-05-01 | 德国捷德有限公司 | Method for producing a security paper, and circular screen for this purpose |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4314380B4 (en) * | 1993-05-01 | 2009-08-06 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security paper and process for its production |
| GB9702064D0 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1997-03-19 | De La Rue Holographics Ltd | Manufacture of security tapes and security threads |
| DE60101870T2 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2004-11-04 | Oji Paper Co., Ltd. | Counterfeit-proof recording paper and paper backing |
| FR2838543B1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2004-06-04 | Cryptic | MAGNETIC MARKING SYSTEM, METHOD AND MACHINE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| GB2395959B (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-11-10 | Rue De Int Ltd | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a fibrous substrate incorporating an el ongate element |
| ITVR20040104A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2004-09-16 | Cartiere Fedrigoni & C Spa | EQUIPMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SECURITY CARD AND RELATED PROCEDURE |
| RU2310029C1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-11-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное предприятие "Лазерные системы" | Shielding tape charging apparatus for papermaking machine |
| RU2304652C1 (en) * | 2006-02-26 | 2007-08-20 | Юрий Александрович Шолин | Method for charging of protective tape into papermaking machine |
| US8366879B2 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2013-02-05 | Crane & Co., Inc. | Soil and/or moisture resistant secure document |
| RU2413811C1 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-03-10 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") | Method to make paper with counterfeit protection, with locally arranged protective elements, device to make paper and paper with counterfeit protection, with locally arranged protective elements |
| DE102017009359A1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-11 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for security paper |
| DE102017009357A1 (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2019-04-11 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method for security paper |
| DE102019003281A1 (en) | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-12 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Electrically conductive paper structure, method of making the same and use |
| DE102022130277A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 | 2024-05-16 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Electrically conductive paper structure, method for producing the same and use |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0070172B1 (en) * | 1981-07-13 | 1985-08-14 | Portals Limited | Paper incorporating a partially embedded strip, methods for making paper and security documents |
| US4652015A (en) * | 1985-12-05 | 1987-03-24 | Crane Company | Security paper for currency and banknotes |
| DE3843076A1 (en) * | 1988-12-21 | 1990-07-05 | Gao Ges Automation Org | SECURITY ELEMENT TO PROTECT DOCUMENTS AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION |
| DE4036637A1 (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-05-21 | Gao Ges Automation Org | SECURITIES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
1990
- 1990-12-21 DE DE4041267A patent/DE4041267A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-12-18 BR BR919105490A patent/BR9105490A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-18 EP EP91121719A patent/EP0492407B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-12-18 PL PL91292844A patent/PL169408B1/en unknown
- 1991-12-18 DE DE59105111T patent/DE59105111D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-18 AT AT91121719T patent/ATE120821T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-19 NO NO915022A patent/NO180497C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-12-20 FI FI916070A patent/FI916070A7/en unknown
- 1991-12-20 CA CA002058268A patent/CA2058268A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-12-21 KR KR1019910023783A patent/KR100221454B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100363557C (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2008-01-23 | 中国印钞造币总公司 | Safety line dispensing device capable of orienting line side |
| WO2005061797A1 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-07 | Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Institut Goznaka-Gosudarstvennoe Predpriyatie | Method for producing fraud-proof value paper and value paper produced by said method |
| EP1707671A4 (en) * | 2003-12-23 | 2009-09-16 | Fed State Unitary Entpr Goznak | Method for producing fraud-proof value paper and value paper produced by said method |
| US8376409B2 (en) | 2006-10-12 | 2013-02-19 | Arjowiggins Security | Security sheet comprising a fibrous substrate |
| CN103079835A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2013-05-01 | 德国捷德有限公司 | Method for producing a security paper, and circular screen for this purpose |
| CN103079835B (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2015-06-24 | 德国捷德有限公司 | Method for producing a security paper, and circular screen for this purpose |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59105111D1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| BR9105490A (en) | 1992-09-01 |
| FI916070A0 (en) | 1991-12-20 |
| NO915022L (en) | 1992-06-22 |
| KR920013022A (en) | 1992-07-28 |
| FI916070L (en) | 1992-06-22 |
| PL169408B1 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| DE4041267A1 (en) | 1992-06-25 |
| PL292844A1 (en) | 1992-09-07 |
| EP0492407B1 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
| NO915022D0 (en) | 1991-12-19 |
| NO180497B (en) | 1997-01-20 |
| ATE120821T1 (en) | 1995-04-15 |
| EP0492407A1 (en) | 1992-07-01 |
| NO180497C (en) | 1997-04-30 |
| KR100221454B1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
| FI916070A7 (en) | 1992-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |