CA2057981A1 - Below ground mining vehicle and method for converting an above ground vehicle to the same - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A below ground mining vehicle, and a method for converting an above ground vehicles into the same, which is particularly adapted for transporting workers and/or light equipment. An above ground vehicle, such as a sport utility vehicle, is modified and components are added thereto in accordance with the present invention, to arrive at the below ground mining vehicle. The vehicle includes: a speed limited engine; a transmission having its upper forward speeds disabled; fire suppression means in the vicinity of the engine; a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line; an engine intake air shut off valve which closes in response to a temperature sensor detecting an abnormal engine temperature; a battery box enclosing a battery; a circuit breaker serially connected with the battery;
fire suppression means in the vicinity of the fuel tank;
a fire suppression means in the vicinity of the exhaust muffler; and a back up alarm. The described below ground mining vehicle provides many features and better performance than previously available in below ground mining vehicles and achieves such performance and features more economically than possible with prior art vehicles.

Description

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BACKGROUND
1. The Field of the Invention.
This invention relates to below ground vehicles used to transport equipment and personnel in below ground mining operations. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for converting an above ground utility vehicle to a below ground utility vehicle and the resulting vehicles.

2. The Prior Art.
Modern mining operations have a need for general purpose below ground vehicles. In the mining industry, vehicles are required to maneuver in low clearance mine roadways to transport personnel, maintenance equipment, fuel and lubricates, and other items ~rom one location to another in the mining operation.
Below ground vehicles used in mining operations must have a maximum vertical height of about eighty, and usually less than about sixty, inches and must be particularly suited to operation in the often hazardous and inhospitable mine environment. The vertical height of a below ground vehicle is generally measured from the underlying road or ground surface to the highest rigid structure on the vehicle.
While some mining vehicles must be able to carry payloads of anywhere in the range from hundreds to :
thousands of pounds reliably over rough road conditions, it is often necessary to transport only small items or a single mine worker. Above ground vehicles, which are '''i;~'~ ' , , .

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intended for use on city streets and highways, are generally not appropriate for below ground mining use.
Thus, it is widely recognized among those having skill in the art that above ground vehicles do not have application in the below ground mining industry.
The general recognition in the mining industry that even general purpose below ground vehicles must meet minimum safety standards and must include certain features has caused some manufacturers to produce specialized below ground vehicles. Generally, below ground mining vehicles must include features and structures which would be unsuitable for above ground vehicles for street and highway use. It is the usual case that specific below ground vehicles are custom built for the mining industry, e.a., vehicles are designed and built individually, or in quantities only in the tens, specifically for the mining industry. This is in contrast to the tens of thousands, or hundreds of thousands, of a particular chassis of a normal profile vehicle which will customarily be produced by a - manufacturer.
Manufacturers of specialized below ground mining vehicles include: Eimco Mining Machinery International of Canada; A. L. Lee Corp. of Lester, West Virginia; and Getman Corporation of Bangor, Michigan.
The market for such specifically designed and custom built below ground mining vehicles is very limited with some manufacturers producing only a few of ,,., ." . ... .

' 2~57~81 each model each year. Thus, each below ground mining vehicle is generally built on an individual basis, or in very few numbers, to fill the need of a particular customer or class of customers.
It is widely acknowledged that producing such small numbers of specifically designed below ground mining vehicles is inherently inefficient. Thus, the cost of each vehicle is very high compared to vehicles which are mass produced and directed to a larger number of users.
Moreover, since so few below ground mining vehicles are built by each manufacturer, the design and fabrication of the vehicles requires that simple and readily available components, materials, and fabrication techniques be used. For example, in mass produced vehicles where tens of thousands are manufactured, such as above ground sport utility vehicles and small trucks, the frame, engine, drive train components, and body parts are all specifically designed and extensively tested to ensure that they work together properly and in a trouble free manner.
In contrast, prior art below ground mining vehicles are designed by each manufacturer and built in small numbers from the "ground up" with no other perspective in mind but to produce the vehicle for the intended specific end use. Thus, below ground mining vehicle manufacturers are left to obtain components such as engincs, drive trains, and brake systems from sources where they are mass produced. The remaining components "
...... : . , -.~;~ : .. ', 2057~81 used in low profile vehicles, such as frames and body parts, must be individually fabricated by the vehicle manufacturer.
As recognized in the arts devoted to design and production of vehicles for street and highway use, the compatibility of vehicle components is crucial to making a vehicle perform most efficiently. ~nsuring that vehicle components are compatible requires a great deal of design, engineering, and testing effort before production of the vehicle begins. Such extensive design, engineering, and testing efforts are prohibitively expensive in view of the small numbers of below ground mining vehicles which are manufactured.
Unfortunately, the use of "high quality" individual components does not ensure that the components will work well together.
Since the frames, bodies, and other components of prior art below ground mining vehicles must be designed and fabricated in small numbers, they are of simple construction and are fitted with components which are not ideally suited for use therewith. In the case of body parts, large flat pieces of sheet metal are generally attached to a simple geometric framework giving the co~pleted below ground mining vehicle a "boxy" and "unfinished" appearance when compared to mass produced vehicles which are manufactured for street and highway use.

,~ , , 2~7~1 Moreover, the fact that each prior art below ground mining vehicle is individually designed and built causes most manufacturers to omit the design, fabrication and installation of many desirable features into their vehicles. Such omitted features may include performance enhancing features such as drive train, exhaust system, and suspension, braking, and fuel system improvements.
Also omitted from some prior art below ground mining vehicles are even basic amenities for the comfort and safety of the low profile vehicle operator such as cab environmental control, roll down windows, padded dashboard, windshield wipers, and windshield washers.
In some cases, below ground mining vehicles do not provide the operator with any enclGsed cab at all.
In view of the foregoing, it would be an advance in the art to provide a below ground mining vehicle which includes the desirable features present in above ground vehicles which are equipped for street and highway use while providing the below ground mining vehicle at a lower cost than prior art low profile vehicles. It would be a further advance in the art to provide a method of converting above ground vehicles for use as below ground mining vehicles. It would also be an advance in the art to provide a below ground vehicle conversion which allows below ground vehicles to be produced more efficiently than are prior art below ground vehicles which are designed and built in small numbers for specific end uses.

. . , 2~57~81 BRIEF SUMMARY AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above described state of the art, the present invention seeks to realize the following objects and advantages.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method for converting an above ground vehicle into a below ground vehicle.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for converting an above ground vehicle into a below ground mining vehicle which may be carried out more efficiently and more economically than fabricating a below ground mining vehicle in accordance with the teachings of the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of converting an above ground vehicle into a below ground mining vehicle which retains the desirable features of the above vehicle.
These and other objects of the present invention will become more fully apparent during an examination of this disclosure and by practicing the invention.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent from the description and claims which follow, or may be learned ~ by the practice of the invention.
: a 5 The present invention provides an efficient below ~ ground mining vehicle and a method of converting an ; ; above ground vehicle to the same. Important to the method is reducing the maximum speed attainable by the ..... .

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below ground mining vehicle to some acceptably low value for below ground mining operations, e.g., about 25-35 miles per hour. In order to convert the above ground vehicle, a portion of the drive train between the diesel engine and the rear wheels is disconnected and the drive train is modified, either by inserting additional components or preferably altering existing components, so that the maximum speed attainable by the vehicle is no greater than one third of the original maximum vehicle speed. The drive train is then reconnected between the engine and the rear wheels.
one preferred method of carrying out the present invention on an original above ground vehicle includes the steps of modifying the diesel engine to limit engine speed to not greater than 90% of the original maximum engine speed and modifying the transmission so that at least one of the highest forward speeds is disabled.
The novel below ground mining vehicle of the present invention preferably incudes a chassis, a body msunted on the chassis, the body including an operator's compartment, an engine, the engine including means for limiting the maximum engine speed to not greater than about 3500 r.p.m., a first pair of wheels, the first pair of wheels used for steering the vehicle, a second ;~ ~ 25 pair of wheels, the second pair of wheels being always driven by the engine and a transmission, the transmission comprising a highest forward speed which propels the below ground mining vehicle at no more than "
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about 25 miles per hour when the engine is operating at its maximum speed.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention can also include a diesel engine having a fuel injection pump, the fuel injection pump including a governor which is limited to about 3500 r.p.m. to limit engine speed.
It is also preferred that the transmission included in the embodiment be the transmission which arrived with the original vehicle but which has had the highest one, two, or three forward speeds disabled so that the maximum vehicle speed is limited. If the original vehicle is provided with a four wheel drive transfer case, it is preferred that the transfer case be modified 80 that the transfer case is permanently set in the four wheel drive, low range, position.
The embodiments of the present invention also preferably include safety equipment such as: fire suppression means in the vicinity of the engine; a manual fuel shut off valve; an engine intake shut off valve and a temperature sensor positioned adjacent to the engine, the engine intake shut off valve closing in response to the temperature sensor detecting an abnormal temperature.
Also included in the preferred embodiment of the invention are: a battery box enclosing a battery; a circuit breaker serially connected with the positive terminal of the battery; fire suppression means in the vicinity of the fuel tank; an exhaust muffler; a fire ~3~8~

suppression means in the vicinity of the exhaust muffler and a back up alarm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained can be appreciated, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which is illustrated in the appended drawings.
Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a completed low profile vehicle which was converted from a normal profile vehicle in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a normal profile vehicle chassis suitable for being converted to a low profile vehicle in accordance with the present ~; invention.
Figure 2A is a perspective view of the cab assembly of the normal profile vehicle chassis illustrating the step of removing the cab from the frame in accordance with the present invention.
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Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a step of the present invention wherein a frame extension is attached to the frame of the normal profile vehicle.
Figure 3A is a perspective view of the cab assembly of the present invention undergoing the cut down step of the present invention.
Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the assemblies of the present invention which are to be installed on the low profile vehicle split level frame in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 4A is a perspective view of the frame of the illustrated embodiment undergoing the step of being shortened.
Figure 5 is a partially cut away perspective view of the low profile vehicle illustrated in Figure 1 showing additional components installed thereon.
Figure 6 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the low profile vehicle of the present invention with a personnel carrier body installed thereon.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of another low profile vehicle of the present invention with a telescopic scissor lift body installed thereon.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of another low profile vehicle of the present invention with a fuel and lubrication body installed thereon.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of another low profile vehicle of the present invention with a stake bed utility body installed thereon.
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Figure lO is a perspective view of another low profile vehicle of the present invention with a fresh water/waste water tank body installed thereon.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of another low profile vehicle of the present invention with a medical assistance and transport body installed thereon.
Figure 12 is an exploded perspective view of another presently preferred embodiment of the present invention which is particularly adapted for use as a general purpose below ground mining vehicle.
Figures 13A and 13B are schematic views of the fuel injection pump components of the described below ground mining vehicle.
Figures 14A, 14B, 14C are representatio~s of the transmission assembly components of the described below ground mining vehicle.
Figure 15 is a representation of the transfer case components of the described below ground mining vehicle.
Figures 16A and 16B are representations of the air ::, cleaner components and shutoff valve assembly of the ; described below ground mining vehicle.
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Figures 17A and 17B are representations of the automatic fire suppression components of the described ~:
below ground mining vehicle.
Figure 18 is a representation of the manual fuel .~:
~ shut off components of the described below ground mining :; ~
~ vehicle.
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Figure 19 is a representation of the battery components of the described below ground mining vehicle.
Figure 20 is a representation of the back up alarm installed in the described below ground mining vehicle.
5Figure 21 is a representation of the headlamp guard components included in the described below ground mining vehicle.
Figure 22A is a representation of the front suspension assembly of a preferred embodiment of the 10below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
Figure 22B is a representation of the front drive axle assembly of a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
Figure 22C is a representation of the drive line 15mounted, liquid cooled, emergency brake assembly of a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
F~gures 22D-E are representations of the fuel system and distributor type fuel injection pump of a 20preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
Figure 22F is a representation of the cold engine starting system included in a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
Figure 22G is a representation of the exterior of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention partially illustrated in Figures 22~-22F.
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Figure 22H is a representation of the below ground mining vehicle with the roof being removed.
Figure 22I is a representation of the door of the below ground mining vehicle which in one preferred embodiment is removed.
Figure 22J is a representation one preferred below ground mining vehicle of the present invention including perimeter guards and a vehicle body.
Figure 22K is a representation of another preferred below ground mining vehicle of the present invention including another vehicle body.
Figure 22L is a represent~tion of the exhaust system of one embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
ETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like structures will be provided with like reference designations. A general overview of the first presently preferred embodiment of the present invention will first be provided followed by a detailed listing of the presently preferred steps used to fabricate the first presently preferred embodiment of the present invention.
` A detailed description of the steps carried out to fabricate a second presently preferred embodiment of the : : , present invention will then be provided. Generally, the first described embodiment is adapted for use as a large capacity low profile vehicle which may be adapted to any ''' : ,!
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one of a variety of end uses. The second described embodiment is particularly intended for use as a generally purpose, or light utility, below ground mining vehicle.

1. General Overview of the Method and Structure of the First Described Embodiment.
There are instances in various industries where efficient operations within the industry requires a vehicle which can maneuver under low clearances. In this disclosure a low profile vehicle will first be described which is intended for use in mining operations. The present invention, and also the first particular embodiment described herein, has applications and uses other than in mining operations.
Figure 1 provides a perspective view of one presently preferred embodiment of the present invention resulting from the conversion of a large capacity normal profile vehicle chassis which was mass produced for use on city streets and highways. It will be appreciated that a low profile vehicle used in mining operations must be able to maneuver in low clearances, for example, less than fifty-five inches. Normal profile vehicles intended for city and highway use place the operator's cab as high as practically possible, for example eighty to one-hundred and twenty-five inches ~` ~ vertical height, in order to maximize the visibility of the operator.

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The embodiment of the present invention is specifically intended to be used as a two man general utility low profile truck in mining operations which will maneuver on low clearance mining roadways. In general, a low profile vehicle is defined as a vehicle having a maximum height of less than eighty inches.
The clearances available from one below ground mining operation to another varies considerably. In one mine clearances of one-hundred inches or more may be available. In another mine, the clearance may only be fifty-five inches or less. In many cases, reducing the maximum height of a low profile vehicle by merely several inches is important.
The preferred maximum height of the first described embodiment is fifty-five inches, as represented in Figure 1 at Hl, but higher or lower maximum heights may be utilized according to the teachings of the present invention and the requirements of the particular application. A maximum height of fifty-five inches allows the low profile vehicle to maneuver in the great majority of below ground mining operations and in aircraft support applications.
The embodiment of the present invention illustrated ~ in Figure 1 includes a cab assembly, designated by - 25 bracket 102, an engine assembly, designated by bracket 104, and a body assembly, designated by bracket 106.
The body assembly represented in Figure 1 is a general purpose truck bed which may be exchanged for ::
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other body assemblies adapted for other purposes as will be explained in detail later in this disclosure. Also illustrated in Figure 1 is one of a pair of dual rear wheels, generally designated at 108, and one of a pair of front wheels, generally designated at 110, which are used to steer the vehicle.
The present invention's method of converting a normal profile vehicle to a low profile vehicle may be carried out on any number of mass produced normal profile vehicles which are commercially available. Such normal profile vehicles preferably include general purpose truck chassis (including engine, drive train, suspension, and wheels) or more specialized normal profile vehicles. It will also be appreciated that it is within the scope of the present invention to obtain the various chassis components as assemblies and then to produce a low profile vehicle within the scope of the present invention from the assemblies.
Illustrated in Figure 2 is a perspective view of a commercially available normal profile vehicle chassis which is presently preferred for use with the present invention. The illustrated chassis represents one of several available from Iveco Trucks of North America, Inc., 4 Sentry Parkway, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania 19422.
The models preferred for use with the present invention which are available from Iveco Trucks of North ; America, Inc. are those beginning in the model year 1989 and identified by the following model numbers (including .
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commencing serial numbers provided in parentheses): 12-11 (1110000); 12-12 (1150000); 10-14 (1210000); 12-14 (1250000); 15-14 (1310000); 18-14 (1350000); and 23-16 (1410000). Other normal profile vehicle chassis may also be used in accordance with the present invention.
Further information concerning the identified models can be obtained from Iveco Trucks and from the version of the publication which is current as of ~ecember 1989 and entitled Iveco Diesel Truck Parts Manual (also referred to as Euro Spare Parts Catalog from Model Year 1989) which is incorporated herein by reference.
The vehicle chassis illustrated in Figure 2 is well suited for carrying out the present invention. The ladder frame of the chassis includes two parallel rails 10 and a plurality of cross members 11. While the preferred vehicle chassis includes two rails as frame members, other chassis having other types of frames may be used.
Represented in Figure 2, dual rear wheels 14 provide suitable traction for many applications and with the modifications of the present invention, as will be explained shortly, offer excellent performance in applications such as mining operations. Front wheels 16 are used to steer the vehicle.
The components and design of the preferred vehicle ~` chassis provide an efficient low profile vehicle after u~dergoing the conversion of the present invention. As will be explained in more detail, the engine, ,1 ,;

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suspension, brakes, and other components are, upon modification in accordance with the present invention, well suited to performing in a low profile vehicle and work together much better than the collection of components found in previous low profile vehicles.
Moreover, the present invention allows features to be incorporated into a low profile vehicle which are unavailable in prior art low profile vehicles.
For example, a cab 12 is provided on the vehicle chassis illustrated in Figure 2 which includes many operator safety and comfort features which are expected in normal profile vehicles. Such safety and comfort features are absent in prior art low profile vehicles and are considered, according to the conventional wisdom found in the art, as unavailable in low profile vehicles due to economic or other considerations. Such safety and comfort features included in the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically pointed out later in this disclosure.
Illustrated in Figure 2A is the cab 12 of the vehicle chassis illustrated in Figure 2 as it is being ~ removed from the frame in accordance with the present `; invention. It will be appreciated that removal of the cab requires the disconnection of a variety of control lines, such as the steering wheel assembly, the accelerator eable, the clutch pedal assembly, the brake ~; pedal assembly, the gear shift link rod, and other various components.

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Those having skill in the art will appreciate the items which will require attention during the removal of the cab from the illustrated preferred vehicle chassis or from another vehicle chassis. Detailed information concerning the steps of removing the cab from the frame and the disconnection of control lines and other components from the preferred vehicle chassis will be provided later in this disclosure.
In accordance with the present invention, a split level frame means for supporting the other vehicle components thereon is provided. Represented in Figure 3 are the components used to conætruct the presently preferred example of the split level frame means of the present invention.
Illustrated in Figure 3 i5 a frame 112 (which before modification comprised rails 10 and cross members 11 as shown in Figure 2) which includes parallel rails, now indicated at 114A and 114B, and a plurality of cross members indicated at 116. The ladder type frame illustrated in Figure 3, which functions as a portion of ; the split level frame means of the present invention, is exemplary of the structures which may serve this function.
A frame extension, generally designated 130, is fabricated and attached to frame rails 114A and 114B to complete the presently preferred example of a split `~ level frame. The incorporation of a split level frame ~i allows the operator's cab (not shown in Figure 3) to .
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take full advantage of the height available between the maximum vertical height and the minimum ground clearance (the distance between the underlying surface and the vehicle components protruding below the level of the original frame). The use of the split level frame allows the cab to have the maximum possible height allowing for operator comfort and efficiency rather than the cramped operator's positions found in the prior art low profile vehicles.
The frame extension 130 comprises a torsion tube 118 which is attached to frame rails 114A and 114B. Two cantilever arms 120A and 120B are attached to torsion tube 118 so that their legs extend in a forward direction. A Z bar 122 is connected crossways between cantilever arme 120A and 120B and a tubular floor support 124 is connected thereto as illustrated in Figure 3.
Frame extension 130 illustrated in Figure 3 serves to support the cab which, after modification in accordance with the present invention, will be secured thereon. A floor plate 126 is attached to the bottom of the legs of cantilever arms 120A and 120B and to the bottom of tubular floor support 124 to form a floor.
A recess 128 is provided in floor plate 126 where accelerator, brake, and clutch operation pedals will be installed. To the forward end of frame extension 130 a bumper 128 is attached. Headlamp fixtures 129 are also provided in bumper 128.
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21 20~7~81 The illustrated structure provides a strong frame extension which is lower than the remaining portion of the frame to accommodate the height of the cab to be placed thereon as will be explained shortly. From the teachings contained herein, those skilled in the pertinent art will readily understand what materials and techniques are suitable for use in the fabrication of frame extension 130.
Referring next to Figure 3A, cab 12 the preferred vehicle chassis is illustrated undergoing the "cut down"
step of the present invention. While other cabs may be treated differently than that specifically described herein, the described modification of the cab is presently preferred in this example.
As illustrated in Figure 3A, the original cab i8 modified to form the prim~ry component of the cab assembly (102 in Figure 1) of the described embodiment.
Importantly, the height of the cab is reduced while still retaining many of its advantageous features.
Figure 3A shows the approximate cut lines used to shorten the cab. The cab roof is removed and a protective roof plate is installed on the completed cab assembly as shown at 202 in Figure 4. The original roof is removed just above the drip gutter provided around the roof of the cab.
The side walls and front wall of the cab, as well ,:
~ as the entry doors, are reduced in height, and the back :, ~ ~ wall is removed, as shown in Figure 3A. After examining '' , . ~ , :~ ~

20~79~1 the teachings contained herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate what other arrangements may be used to cut down a cab of a normal profile vehicle to accommodate particular applications and to fit other vehicle chassis.
Referring next to Figure 4, the split level frame of the described embodiment is illustrated with frame extension 130 attached to frame rails 114A and 114B.
The split level frame is much more economical to fabricate and less expensive and troublesome to maintain than articulating frames used in some prior art low profile vehicles. Frame extension 130 is ready to receive the modified cab shown suspended above the frame extension.
Floor plate 126 is shown attached to frame extension 130. Positioned within recess 128 formed on floor plate 130 are a clutch pedal 192, an accelerator pedal 190, and a brake pedal 188 which are each connected to their respective associated components by way of appropriate control lines as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, and as will be explained ; later in this disclosure.
The embodiments of the present invention include an engine means for providing power to propel the vehicle.
Illustrated in Figure 4 is a diesel engine, generally designated at 150, and its associated components which is one presently preferred example of an engine means of the present invention. Diesel engine 150 is preferably ,~ . .
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20~798 the engine which is supplied with the preferred vehicle chassis.
Associated with engine 150 in the first presently preferred embodiment are additional components which enhance the performance of the vehicle and which are generally unavailable on prior art low profile vehicles.
Represented in Figure 4 at 154 are dual fuel filters each having a heater to improve cold weather performance. Also represented in Figure 4 is an automatic glow plug, represented at 156, which assists with cold weather starting.
The illustrated embodiment is also provided with an air intake pre-cleaner chamber 152 which is adapted to eliminate large particles present in the intake air.
The presently preferred embodiment is also equipped with an intake airflow warning system, as represented by indicator 198H, to alert the operator of the vehicle of restricted air intake flow. It will be recognized that when operating the low profile vehicle in a mining operation the risk of particulate entering the engine or restricting the air flow therein is significant. Thus, the inclusion of intake airflow warning system indicator 198H and air intake pre-cleaner chamber 152 is a great ; advantage.
A brake means is included in the described embodiment. As used herein the brake means is defined as those structures which are adapted to brake the , ~ , :: :
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rotation of any of the wheels and any structure which perform functions equivalent thereto.
As an example of the brake means, disc brakes are desirably provided on the front wheels as represented at 158 in Figure 4. Moreover, as an additional safety feature, the brake actuation system of the illustrated embodiment comprises an air over hydraulic arrangement, represented at 174, which provides power assist (air) braking even if the engine is non-operational or should fail for some reason.
Low profile vehicles such as the illustrated embodiment place severe demands on the braking means incorporated therein. It is a common problem that the brake linings present in such vehicles unnoticeably wear out and cause significant damage to the brake drums or rotors. Thus, the illustrated embodiment is provided with a brake wear warning system, as indicated at brake warning indicator 198C in Figure 4, which illuminates when a brake lining wears out. The brake wear warning 2C system incorporates a conductor embedded in each of the brake linings which is broken when wear to a certain point occurs at which point brake warning indicator 198C
is actuated.
Also represented in Figure 4 is a rear axle proportioning valve 162 which functions to distribute braking action between the front brakes and the rear brakes depending upon the distribution of the load on the frame. An automatic exhaust brake 166 is also ' ..... ... .

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included in the illustrated embodiment as represented at 166 in Figure 4. Exhaust brake 166 allows the operator to reduce the vehicle speed without application of the friction brakes to the wheels.
The presently preferred embodiment also includes other braking means components which serve to increase the reliability and safety of vehicle operation. For example the illustrated embodiment includes dual brake actuation circuits (front and rear) each with their own master cylinders, hydraulic fluid reservoirs, and fluid lines.
The illustrated embodiment is also provided with an exhaust particulate trap 168 which traps particulate material present in the engine exhaust. The ceramic ; 15 element presently preferred for use in the exhaust particulate trap is one available from Engine Control Systems, Ltd. of Canada. Detailed instructions concerning its use are available from the manufacturer.
Using the disclosure contained herein and the instructions provided by the manufacturer, one of skill in the art will be able to readily incorporate the same into embodiments of the present invention.
; Also shown in Figure 4 are front wheels 110 which are used to steer the vehicle in cooperation with a steering mechanism as represented at 164 and including a steering wheel indicated at 220. ~he preferred ( ~
vehicle chassis identified earlier is available with several different manual or power steering mechanisms ~, , , ! ~

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which may be incorporated into different embodiments.
Advantageously, the front axle turning angle of the illustrated embodiment is in the range from about 44 to about 49, and preferably about 48, which provides a conveniently small turning radius.
The illustrated embodiment also includes a front and a rear suspension system, generally designated at 165 and 167, respectively, which each include a stabilizer bar and shock absorbers. The drive train of the illustrated embodiment includes a transmission, generally identified at 170, and a lockup rear differential, generally identified at 160. Transmission 170 is the presently preferred example of a transmission means of the present invention.
Lockup rear differential 160 i8 actuated by the positioning of a switch (not shown) provided within the cab. Lockup rear differential 160 is preferred over limited slip differentials which are more prone to wear.
Lockup rear differential provides the advantage of having power applied to both rear wheels when traveling over loose road surfaces without the operator having to leave the cab.
In the illustrated embodiment, it is preferred that transmission 170 be a manual transmission with five forward gears which is available as provided equipment on the preferred vehicle chassis. Similarly, it is preferred that lock-up rear differential 160 be that which is provided equipment on the preferred vehicle ',' .

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20~79~1 chassis. Alternatively, other commercially available alternatives may be incorporated into the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, in order to increase traction, wheels 110 and 108 have mounted thereon an appropriate off-road tire. For example, front wheels 110 preferably have oversize (e.g., ten to fourteen inch wide tread face) tires mounted thereon to reduce front wheel "ploughing"
on unstable surfaces. The inclusion of the described components provides a low profile vehicle with superior performance in low profile applications and which may also be taken on public roads and highways at normal speeds when required.
Those having experience in the vehicular arts will appreciate that the described dual rear wheels (108A and 108B in Figure 4), lockup rear differential 160, and transmission 170 allow the illustrated embodiment to achieve high levels of traction. Prior art low profile vehicles generally incorporate "all wheel drive"
I 20 schemes, with their higher initial cost and maintenance ; expenses, to maximize traction. By utilizing the described drive train and associated components, the illustrated embodiment is able to achieve superior traction without the added expense and complexity of incorporating an all wheel drive scheme.
As mentioned, one of the primary drawbacks found in ~ ~ prior art low profile vehicles is the lack of suitable ;~ safety and cosfort features for the operator of the ... .... .

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vehicle who regularly spends long hours maneuvering the vehicle. Many of the prior art vehicles leave the operator exposed to the surrounding environment while providing only a steel cage to protect the operator from falling objects.
In contrast to the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide operator comfort and safety features which are generally unknown in the prior art. By retaining nearly all of the desirable features of the cab of the preferred vehicle chassis, the completed low profile vehicle provides safety and comfort features heretofore unknown in low profile vehicles.
Referring still to Figure 4, the completed cab, generally designated 200 (having been cut down a~
represented in Figure 3A), i~ illustrated above the position it will occupy when attached to frame extension 130. Represented in Figure 4 i8 a curved windshield 204 which provides excellent visibility for the operator and which has been heretofore unavailable in low profile vehicles.
Also illustrated in Figure 4 are windshield wipers 212 and washers 214. A padded dashboard 216 is included in the described embodiment of the present invention.
The features of windshield wipers 212, windshield ; washers 214, and a padded dashboard 216 increase operator comfort and promote safe operation of the low profile vehicle.

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2~7~81 The illustrated embodiment is provided with several other features which increase efficient and safe operation of the vehicle. As represented in Figure 4, an instrument panel 198 is provided with a speedometer 198A, a tachometer 198B, and dual air pressure gauges 198L. In addition to these basic instruments, the below listed instruments, and their associated components, are also provided:
Reference Description Number 198C Brake warning indicator 198D Oil pressure indicator 198E Charging indicator 198F Fuel filter indicator 198G Automatic glow plug indicator 198H Air intake restriction indicator 198I High beam indicator 198J Turn signal indicator 198K Exhaust brake indicator Also represented in Figure 4 is an electrical circuit assembly 193 containing electrical relays, fuses, and other electrical components. The electrical circuit assembly is mounted in the cab providing easy access and protection from dirt and other contaminants found in the surrounding environment.
,~
A side illumination lamp, one of which is indicated in Figure 4 at 194, is provided on each side of engine cover 178. The appropriate side illumination lamp 194 ;:~

2~7~1 is configured to operate when a turn signal control mounted in the cab is actuated. Thus, as the illustrated vehicle maneuvers on dark mine roadways, the operator is able to see down dark roadways before turning the vehicle. Also illustrated in Figure 4 are tail lights/turn signals 196. A backup light 197 is also provided.
The cab of the illustrated embodiment is provided with two entry doors identified as 206A and 206B in Figure 4. As shown in Figure 4, doors 206A and 206B are provided with a forward mounted release handle (one of which is shown at 189) which are easy to reach and operate. In contrast, prior art low profile vehicles are provided with crude door release mechanisms which are inconveniently mounted in back of the operator's seating position~ or in some other inconvenient location.
The entry doors are preferably those which are supplied with the preferred vehicle chassis and modified in accordance with the present invention. Each of entry doors 206A and 206B are provided with a vertically sliding widow 208 which is operable by a crank, one of which is represented at 210 in Figure 4. Also provided are pivoting vent windows 187.
Entry doors 206A and 206B and vertically sliding windows 208 provide for easy access into and out of the cab and also allow the operator to determine the amount of exposure to the surrounding environment which is .~

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2~7~81 desirable. The cab is also provided with a heater 191 and two seats 218 which are commercially available.
Figure 4 also shows an engine cover 178 which is ready to be secured to the split level frame over engine 150. Engine cover 178 functions to protect the engine and associated components from damage. Engine cover 178 includes a removable panel 180 to allow access to the top of the engine. A door 182 is provided on each side of the engine cover to allow access to the components contained therein after the cover is secured in place.
Also provided on the engine cover is an exhaust port 196.
The techniques and materials necessary to incorporate the mentioned featured components into embodiments of the present invention are available to those dealing in the applicable arts, are available commercially, and/or are provided with one or more models of the preferred vehicle chassis.
It will be understood by those familiar to the applicable arts that the above described features are generally not found in prior art low profile vehicles even though they contribute greatly to the performance and the safe and efficient operation of the vehicle.
Furthermore, the combination of several of the described features has been unavailable in any prior art low profile vehicle and provides the described embodiment even greater performance and safety.

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20a798~

Also illustrated in Figura 4 is a general purpose utility body 176 which is one example of the body means of the present invention. Other examples of the body means which may be incorporated into embodiments of the present invention will be described later in connection with Figures 6-11. Advantageously, body 176 may be readily interchanged with other examples of bodies which function as the body means of the present invention.
It is presently preferred that the frame of the preferred vehicle chassis be shortened to provide a shorter wheelbase. Figure 4A illustrates the removal of a portion, indicated by bracket 115, of frame rails 114A
and 114B, and reconnecting the remaining ends (117A and 117B) of the remaining frame rails, resulting in a shorter frame. It is preferred that the wheelbase of the completed low profile vehicle be in the range from about eighty to about one hundred fifty inches.
Referring next to Figure 5, a partial cut away perspective view of the completed presently preferred low profile vehicle is provided. Cab 200, engine housing 1~8, and body 176 are shown attached to the frame.
Represented in Figure 5 is a fuel tank 186 positioned under the engine cover. Also positioned under the engine cover are air tanks 172 which supply air pressure for the brake system. An air hose 184 is , also provided to facilitate the cleaning of the engine and other vehicle components with a stream of compressed ; ~ : ': : ., .
, 2~7981 air. ~se of air hose 184 is particularly important in coal mining operations since coal dust layered on hot engine components may ignite.
As can be seen in Figure 5, the completed low profile vehicle provides a spacious operators cab with numerous safety and comfort features. Advantageously, the spaciousness of the operators cab is retained while still maintaining a maximum vertical height of less than eighty inches, and preferably less than fifty-five inches. Moreover, the illustrated low profile vehicle may be built much more economically than prior art low profile vehicles not having the mentioned desirable features.
one of the great advantages of the present invention is that one low profile vehicle chassis may be used as a platform for many different bodies. Thus, an owner of a fleet of low profile vehicles manufactured according to the present invention can stock a single inventory of repair parts and is only required to deal with identical or very similar chassis all sharing identical parts. This is in contrast to the prior art scheme of designing and manufacturing a different chassis depending upon the end use of each low profile vehicle.
Referring next to Figure 6, the low profile vehicle of the present invention is illustrated as having a personnel carrier body 230 attached to the frame.
Figure 7 shows the low profile vehicle of the present ~;
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20~7981 invention having a telescopic scissor-type lift body 232 mounted thereon. Suitable lifts are known and available in the art and may be readily incorporated into the present invention using the teachings contained herein.
The described low profile vehicle represented in Figure 8 has a body including lubrication and fuel tanks 234 installed thereon. Still further, Figures 9 and 10 show the completed low profile vehicle with a stake bed utility body 236, with side rails 237, and a fresh water/waste water tank body 238, respectively, installed thereon.
Even further, Fiqure 11 illustrates the completed low profile vehicle with a medical assistance and transport body 240 thereon. The medical assistance and transport body is provided with various equipment compartments and alcoves 242 for transporting stretchers therein. It will be appreciated that all of the described bodies, as well as other bodies, may function as the body means of the present invention.

2. Detailed Description of the First Preferred Method of the Present Invention.
Provided below in Groups A-J are the presently preferred steps used to fabricate the low profile vehicle described herein. It will be appreciated that the below listed steps are merely those which are ,~
~ presently preferred and that other steps may be used to ~` :
arrive at the low profile vehicle.

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2~7981 Using the steps listed below, and the teachings contained above, those of skill in the art will be able to make and use the embodiment described herein and other similarly functioning and featured embodiments.
The contents of each of the below-listed groups are as follows:
Group Contents A Front Chassis Disassembly B Front Chassis Reassembly C Center Chassis Disassembly D Center Chassis Reassembly E Rear Chassis Disassembly F Rear Chassis Reassembly G Final Assembly H Cab Subassembly, Fabrication &
Modification I Center Subcomponent Fabrication J Rear Subcomponent Fabrication GROUP A - FRONT CHASSIS DISASSEMBLY
___ ____________________________________________________ 1. REMOVE BATTERY BOX & CABLES
Remove the battery box assembly from the frame. Unbolt the negative battery cable from the frame and remove. Cut the positive cable at 36" from the battery end, and remove. Save all parts for reuse later.
2. REMOVE CAB GRILLE
Loosen the mounting screws on the grille hinges, and remove the radiator grille from the cab.
3. REMOVE LH/RH CAB DOORS
Remove the bolts securing the door hinges to ~ the door framework, and remove both of the cab ; doors. Save the doors for modification and reuse later.

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. REMOVE FRONT WINDSHIELD
Cut the outer lip off of the windshield weatherstrip, and carefully remove the front windshield. Store for reuse later.

5. DRAIN RADIATOR COOLANT
Drain fluid from the radiator petcock into a 5 gallon bucket. Re-tighten the petcock, and save the fluid for reuse later.

6. DRAIN CLUTCH FLUID
Disconnect and remove the clutch flexible line under the cab, and cap the fitting under the cab. Remove the 1/4" steel line on the LH
frame, and cap the fitting ends. Drain the fluid into a bottle to be reused later.
7. DRAIN POWER STEERING FLUID
Drain the power steering fluid into a container for reuse later.
8. RELEASE AIR TANK PRESSURE
Release all of the air pressure in the system.
9. REMOVE PARKING BRAKE VALVE
Remove and modify the parking brake valve.
10. CUT HEADLAMP WIRING
Cut the headlamp wiring. Remove the headlamp assemblies.
11. COVER AIR INTAKE OPENING
Cover the air intake opening behind the RF
wheel with a plastic or heavy cloth cover, and secure with tape.
12. REMOVE STEERING WHEEL ASSEMBLY
Remove the steering wheel assembly. Save all parts for reuse.
,, 13. REMOVE SEATS FROM THE CAB
Remove the driver and passenger seats from the cab.
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~ 14. DISCONNECT ACCELERATOR CABLE
;~ ~ Disconnect the cable from the injection pump and the fixing bracket on the engine. Cut the cable off of the cab at the foot pedal and discard the cable.
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15. CUT MAIN WIRING HARNESS
Cut and label both ends of each of the individual wires in the main and auxiliary wiring harnesses.

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2~7~81 16. REMOVE CLUTCH & BRAKE PEDAL ASSEMBLY
Remove the pedal assembly from the cab.
17. REMOVE HEATER ASSEMBLY
Remove the heater assembly and control panel from the cab and save for modification and reuse later. Remove the defroster ducts leading to the RH & LH dash vents and save for reuse later 1~. REMOVE GLOVE BOX ASSEMBLY
Remove the glove box assembly, and discard.
19. REMOVE WINDSHIELD FLUID RESERVOIR
Remove the windshield fluid reservoir with its upper mounting bracket, and save for reuse later.
20. REMOVE GEAR SHIFT LEVER ASSEMBLY
Remove the gear shift lever assembly from the cab. Loosely reassemble the upper and lower plates, and save for reuse later.
21. REMOVE THE CAB FROM THE FRAME
Remove the cab assembly.
22. REMOVE CAB TORSION BAR ASSEMBLY
Remove the torsion bar bases.
23. REMOVE FRONT BUMPER ~ FRAME TUBE
Unbolt the power steering valve and bracket from the front frame tube. Remove the front bumper and front frame tube.
24. REMOVE STEERING GEARBOX & LINK ROD
Disconnect all fluid lines to the gearbox, and seal with temporary caps. Remove the two fluid lines running from the gearbox to the fluid control valve in front of the radiator, and discard. Leave the "T" fitting and the shut-off valve in the 12mm steel line fastened to the gearbox for reuse later. Disconnect the link rod on both ends using a spreader fork. Unbolt the gearbox from the frame.
Remove the gearbox and the link rod and save for modification later.
25. REMOVE GEARBOX MOUNTING BRACKET
Remove the gearbox bracket.
26. REMOVE MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
Remove the lower radiator guard and save for `~ modification and reuse later. Unbolt the oil dips*ick and oil filler tube from the frame.
Remove the oil filler tube for modification ~: -: : , .. .
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2~7~81 and reuse later~ Remove the horn and mounting bracket from the frame, and save for reuse later.
27. REMOVE GEAR SHIFT LINK RO~
Unbolt the link rod and support bracket from the frame. Unbolt the stiffener rod from the transmission, and remove the link rod and front bracket from the frame. Save the stiffener and link rods for modification and reuse later. Place a new bolt in the top of the transmission in the hole previously used by the stiffener rod end.
28. REMOVE EXHAUST SYSTEM CONPONENTS
Unbolt and remove selected exhaust system components.
29. CUT FRONT FRAME
Mark and saw cut the front frame channels.
Discard the cut off pieces of channel.

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20~7~

~ROUP B - FRONT CHASSIS REASSEMBLY
________________________________________________________ 30. MODIFY COOLANT FILLER BOTTLE
Lower the position of the coolant filler bottle.
31. MODIFY CAB TILT WARNING CIRCUIT
Disconnect and terminate the tilt cab wiring harness.
32. REPLACE FRONT WHEELS & TIRES
Lift up the front of the chassis and remove the front wheels and tires. Install the new 14.00x17.50 tires and wheels.
33. INSTALL AIR LINE FITTINGS
Cut square ends on each of the air lines located on the LH side of the radiator using a hand tubing cutter. Install new brass inserts, ferrules, and nuts on the six 12mm plastic air lines and the two 8mm plastic air lines.
34. CONNECT CAB ASSEMBLY TO CHASSIS
Weld the frame of the cab assembly to the front of the chassis frame.
35. INSTALL CL~TCH HYDRAULIC LINES
Install the 1/4" clutch fluid lines.
36. CONNECT THROTTLE CABLE
Using a 7/16'1 drill bit, drill out the cable bracket hole at the injection pump to accommodate the new cable Thread the throttle cable in front of the radiator, and through the RH frame channel to the injection pump. Connect the cable to the bracket and to the ball on the injection pump lever. Adjust the cable for full throttle operation using r~ the adjustment nuts on both ends of the cable.
Tighten all nuts in position.
37. RECONNECT ALL WIRING HARNESS
Connect the matching numbered ends of the harness wires to the ends of each of the extension wires located at the rear of the cab. After crimping each butt connector, insulate each wire end with shrink wrap, and then remove the wiring labels as each wire is connected. Insert each of the completed wires into the upper harness. Ne~t connect the wires supplying the heater fan, the speedometer, the windshield washer pump, the parking brake control valve, the front headlamps, the horn;

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20~798~

the cab dome light, and the side turning lights.
38. SEC~RE ALL ITEMS UNDER DASHBOARD
Disconnect and discard the wiring harnesses under the right and left sides of the dashboard which previously went to the radio and cab clearance lights, to the dome light switches in each door, and to the radio speakers in each door. Coil all other unused harnesses together, and secure under the dashboard using tie wraps to make sure that all harnesses are secure and out of the way o~
the operator's and passenger's feet locations, and out of the way of any moving parts which would damage the wiring. Make sure all hoses and harnesses are tie wrapped and out of the way of moving parts, or of foot positions.
39. INSTALL GEAR SHIFT LINK ROD
Install the gear shifter link rod through the back of the cab. Connect the rod to the shift lever, to the transmission. Install the stabilizer arm bracket to the transmission bell housing. Connect the stabilizer arm to the bracket and to the link rod. Adjust for proper shift lever centering and proper operation in all gears.
40. CONNECT BRAKE AND LOCKING AXLE AIR LINES
Connect the six 12mm air lines and the two 8mm air lines proceeding out of the back of the cab to the matching lines running down the LH
frame channel. Be sure to follow the color code labels when reconnecting t~e ends of the -~ lines together. Tighten all line nuts. Make sure that the lines are tie-wrapped clear of the gear shift link rod.
41. INSTALL STEERING COMPONENTS
Install the steering gearbox, pitman arm, drag ~- link, fluid lines, and input shaft pieces.
42. INSTALL RADIATOR GUARD
Install *he lower radiator guard on the back of the cab wall, using 12mm x 35mm bolts, nuts, and locks. Be sure that the guard tabs are bent so that it does not touch the bottom of the gear shifter link rod.

GROUP C - CENTER CHASSIS DISASSEMBLY
~ ~, .~,.-~:~ ~ ----------------------------------_________________________ 43. REMOVE DRIVE LINES & CARRIER BEARING ASSEMBLY
Remove both drive lines and the carrier bearing assembly from the frame. Save the ,~
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-' 20~7~81 rear drive line for reuse. Discard the front drive line and carrier bearing.
44. REMOVE FUEL TANK & FUEL FILTER ASSEMBLIES
Remove the fuel tank and brackets from the frame. Then remove the fuel filter assembly from the frame. Save all parts for reuse later.

GROUP D - CENTER CHASSIS REASSEMBLY
________________________________________________________ 45. SHORTEN CHASSIS WHEELBASE
Cut tie wraps and loosen brackets for all wiring, hoses and tubing in the area to be cut out of the frame. Shorten the chassis wheelbase to 100 inches.
46. REMOUNT PARKING BRAKE VALVE & SERVO CANISTER
Use the drilling template and remount the parking brake valve and servo canister.
47. REMOUNT MISCELLANEOUS PARTS
Remount the oil dipstick, the oil filler tube, the remote start switch, and the power steering valve on the chassis.
48. RECONNECT CHASSIS BRAKE LINE
Reconnect the brake line in the LH frame channel.
49. INSTALL AIR INTAKE SHIELD
Install the shield over the air intake pipe.
50. REMOUNT FUEL TANK
Modify and remount the fuel tank in its brackets on the engine cover.
~- 51. REMOUNT DRIVE LINE
Install the modified rear drive line between the transmission and the rear axle. Tighten the flange bolts to 150 Ft./lbs.
52. INSTALL ENGINE COVER ASSEMBLY
Install the pre-assembled engine cover assembly over the engine, and weld in position to the chassis.
~, 53. INSTALL EXHAUST SYSTEM
Install the exhaust system between the turbocharger and the tail pipe~
54. REMOUNT FUEL FILTER ASSEMBLY
Remount the fuel filter assembly and fuel lines on the inside of the engine cover.

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2~79~i 55. REMOUNT GLQW PLUG BOX
Remount the glow plug relay box on the inside of the engine cover.
56. INSTALL SPLASH SHIELDS
Install the alternator and steering splash shields.
57. RECONNECT EXHAUST BRAKE LINE
Reconnect the air line supplying the exhaust brake.
58. RECONNECT FUEL TANK WIRING
Reconnect the fuel tank wiring harness.

GROUP E - REAR CHASSIS DISASSEMBLY
________________________________________________________ 59. EXCHANGE REAR TIRES
Lift up the rear of the chassis, and remove the highway tires and wheels. Exchange the highway tires with off-road tires.
60. SHORTEN REAR CHASSIS
Remove the rear light bar and cut off the rear frame pieces.

GROUP F - REAR CHASSIS REASSEMBLY
________________________________________________________ 61. INSTALL REAR BUMPER
Install the rear bumper and light bar.
62. INSTALL SPARE TIRE CARRIER
Install the spare tire carrier.
63. INSTALL BATTERY BOX
Install the battery box assembly.
64. CONNECT CHASSIS CABLES
Reconnect the RH and LH chassis cables.
65. INSTALL BACKUP ALARM
Install the backup alarm.
66. INSTALL REAR CARGO BODY ASSEMBLY
Install the cargo body on the truck chassis s~ and secure in place.
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2 ~ ~ 7 ~ ~1 GROUP G - FINAL ASSEMBLY
________________________________________________________ 67. TOUCHUP PAINT CAB AND BODY
68. INSTALL VEHICLE LABELS
69. INSTALL SPARE TIRE
Install the spare tire and wheel in the spare tire carrier, and secure in place with the retaining rod.
70. INSTALL VEHICLE JACK
Install the vehicle jack on the mounting pins in the rear cargo body.
71. QUALITY ASSURANCE INSPECTION

GROUP H - CAB SUBASSEMBLY FABRICATION & MODIFICATION
________________________________________________________ 72. FABRICATE PEDAL ASSEMBLY BRACKETS
Fabricate the front and rear support brackets for the pedal assembly.
73. MODIFY PEDAL BRACKET AND PEDAL ARMS
Modify the center pedal bracket, and the actuating arms for the clutch and the brake pedals.
74. FABRICATE THROTTLE CABLE
Fabricate the throttle cable assembly.
75. FABRICATE THROTTLE PEDAL & CABLE BRACKET
Fabricate a throttle pedal assembly and the front cable bracket.
76. FABRICATE CAB FRAME, FLOOR, & Z BAR
Fabricate the cab frame, floor panel, and Z
bar.
77. FABRICATE FRONT BUMPER
Fabricate the front bumper.
78. ASSEMBLE CAB FRAME, FRONT BUMPER, AND FLOOR
Assemble the cab frame and front bumper. Then weld the floor onto the framework as shown.
79. INSTALL CLUTCH AND BRAKE PEDAL ASSEMBLY
Install the pedal assembly on the cab floor with the new front and rear mounting brackets.
80. INSTALL THROTTLE PEDAL, CABLE, AND BRACKET
Install the throttle pedal, bracket, and cable on the cab floor.
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2~5~

81. CUT CAB SECTION
Prepare then cut and remove the cab section to be reused.
82. MODIFY CAB
Mark and cut the cab firewall and dashboard and install 6mm jack nuts in the door jambs for the lower door hinges.
83. FABRICATE CAB REAR WALL, ROOF, & ROOF SUPPORTS
Fabricate the cab rear wall, the roof panel, and the two roof supports.
84. POSITION CAB REAR WALL
Position the cab rear wall on the cab floor and frame, align in position, and tack in place.
85. POSITION CAB SECTION & ROOF
Prepare and position the cab section on the assembled cab floor and frame and check for proper door frame dimensions and tack in position. Next position and tack the cab roof in position.
86. WELD & TRIM CAB ASSEMBLY
Weld the cab section to the floor and framework. Weld the cab roof and rear wall to the cab section. Trim the excess off of the edges of the cab floor and the cab back wall, and finish grind all edges.
87. MODIFY STEERING WHEEL BRACKET & SHAFT
Drill out the steering wheel bracket holes, and modify the steering shaft.
88. INSTALL STEERING COMPONENTS
Weld the steering gearbox mounting plate on the torque tube behind the cab. Install the necessary steering components on the cab floor.
89. FABRICATE WIRING HARNESS DUCTS & TRIM COVER
Fabricate the plastic outer ducts for the wiring harnesses and the brake lines, using ~ the two plastic defroster hoses. Next ; fabricate the metal cover for the plastic hoses also.
90. FABRICATE GEAR SHIFT MOUNTING BRACKET
Fabricate the mounting bracket for the gear ~5'~ shift lever, the parking brake control, and ~ the locking rear axle control.

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20~79~

91. FABRICATE GEAR SHIFT LINK ROD
Fabricate the gear shift link rod, and stiffener rod bracket.
92. MODIFY GEAR SHIFT LEVER
Modify the gear shift lever.
93. INSTALL GEAR SHIFT LEVER & OTHER VALVES
Assemble the shift lever, the parking brake valve, and the locking rear axle valve on the control panel. Connect the fabricated air lines to the two air controls. Install the control panel assembly on the cab floor and weld in position. Feed all air lines out the rear cab opening.
94. REMOVE CIGARETTE LIGHTER ASSEMBLY
Unplug the wires on the back of the cigarette lighter unit. Unscrew the unit from the dash and discard it.
95. MODIFY HEATER ASSEMBLY
Modify the heater assembly to fit.
96. INSTALL HEATER ASSEMBLY
Install the heater assembly on the back wall of the cab. Cut approximately 7 inches off the end of the two heater hoses, and connect to the water ports on the heater assembly.
Secure the hoses to the heater ports with hose clamps.
97. FABRICATE WIRING HARNESS SECTIONS
Fabricate all the wiring harness sections required to reconnect the chassis harness, the headlamps, the horn, the windshield washer pump, the heater fan, the speedometer wiring, and the horn.
98. INSTALL CAB BRAKE AND CLUTCH LINES
Install the four new 12mm plastic air lines and connect to the brake pedal valve. Run the air lines through the lower plastic duct, and exit them out the back of the cab. Install the front clutch fluid line in the cab in its nylon brackets. Shorten the blue plastic i fluid line between the clutch fluid reservoir and the clutch master cylinder by 2.5 inches, and reconnect it to the master cylinder port.
Remove the clear plastic discharge hose on the brake pedal valve. Loosen the nut on the discharge port on the brake pedal valve, and rotate it until it points towards the front cab firewall, and re-tighten the bolt.
Shorten the air discharge hose by 11 inches, reattach it to the discharge port, and run the ~, .,, ~, ~: ' .,.. ~.-;-- - :
.

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2~579~

hose through the hole in the front firewall.
Shorten the clutch fluid reservoir drain hose by 16 inches, and run the hose through the same hole in the front firewall. Use a tie wrap to secure the two hoses together.
99. INSTALL CAB WIRING HARNESS SECTIONS
Connect the required wiring harness sections to the cables under the dashboard and run them in the center harness ducts to the rear of the cab. Be sure to retain a unique number label on each wire extended to the back of the cab, in order to ensure proper final cable connections to the harness wires at the rear of the cab which proceed to the chassis.
100. MODIFY CAB DOORS
Modify the LH & RH cab doors.
101. INSTALL CAB DOORS
Install the cab doors. Check for proper hinge operation, and for proper exterior panel alignment and edge gap.
102. INSTALL WINDSHIELD WASHER R~SERVOIR
Mount the reservoir to the rear of the cab.
103. BODY PANEL WORK
Repair all body panel imperfections. Finish sand all repa,ired areas suitable for primer painting.
104. MASK AND PAPER CAB FOR PAINTING
Thoroughly clean all debris off out of the cab floor. Cover all non-paint items on the ' ' inside and outside of cab with masking tape and paper. Roll up the door windows and paper the inside and outside of the window moldings.
Wipe down all metal surfaces for painting with Stoddard solvent and allow to dry. Wipe down all surfaces for painting with a tack cloth.
Move the cab to the painting area.
105. PAINT CAB ASSEMBLY
Apply primer paint to all repaired surfaces and to all bare metal surfaces on the cab.
Apply 2 finish coats of paint to all unmasked , ' surfaces of the cab. Move the cab to the , curing area.
, 106. CAB D~TAILING
Remove all tape and paper from the cab. Clean up any over spray on any non-paint surfaces.

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20~798t 107. INSTALL SEATS & DOORS, DOOR TRIM, AND WINDSHIELD
Install the cab seats and the inside door panels and handles on the doors. Next cut to length and install the weatherstripping on the door frame edges on both door openings. Next install the front windshield.
108. INSTALL TIRE WRENCHES AND FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Install the tire wrenches on their bracket on the rear cab wall. Install the fire extinguisher in its bracket next to the passenger seat.
109. MODIFY STEERING GEARBOX INPUT SHAFT
Cut a key way in the power steering gearbox input shaft, using an EDM machine.
110. FABRICATE STEERING COMPONENTS
Fabricate the rear angle gearbox bracket, the 3/4 inch input shaft, and the 1 1/4 inch input shaft and install the same.

GROUP I - CENTER SUBCOMPONENT FABRICATION
_ _____________________________ 111. FABRICATE EXHAUST TAIL PIPE
Fabricate the exhaust tail pipe.
112. FABRICATE AIR INTAKE SHIELD
Fabricate the air intake shield.
113. FABRICATE CLUTCH LINE
Fabricate the additional piece of 1/4" steel line required for the two sections of clutch line.
114. FABRICATE PLASTIC AIR LINES
Fabricate the additional pieces of 12mm and 8mm plastic air line required for the foot brake, the parking brake, and the lockup ~ differential air lines.
; 115. FABRICATE STEERING GEARBOX MOUNTING PLATE
Fabricate the 3/4" thick st~ering gearbox mounting plate.
116. FABRICATE POWER STEERING LINES
Fabricate the two steel power steering lines ; ~ ~ which connect to the steering gearbox.
117. MODIFY STEERING LINK ROD, & PITMAN ARM
Modify the steering link rod, and the pitman arm.
118. MODIFY REAR DRIVE LINE
Shorten the rear drive line.
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: ~ -20~7~81 119. EXCHANGE FRONT & REAR TIRES
Install 8.00 x 17.5 traction tires on the rear wheels. Inflate to 35 psi. Install two 14.00 x 17.5 tires on two 10 x 17.5 front wheels.
Inflate to 45 psi, and balance both front wheels.
120. FABRICATE EXHAUST MANIFOLD
Fabricate the exhaust manifold.
121. FABRICATE EXHAUST BRAKE FITTINGS
Fabricate the two pipe fittings with flanges which attach to each end of the exhaust brake valve.
122. FABRICATE ENGINE COVER ASSEMBLY
Fabricate the engine cover assembly.
123. FABRICATE ENGINE COVER DOORS
Fabricate the engine cover doors.
124. FABRICATE FRONT WHEELS
Fabricate the axle steel wheels.
125. MODIFY RADIATOR GUARD
Modify the lower radiator guard.
' 126. FABRICATE SPLASH SHIELDS
Fabricate the alternator and steering splash shields.

GROUP J - REAR SUBCOMPONENT FABRICATION
------------------- _______________________ 127. FABRICATE REAR BUMPER
Fabricate the rear bumper assembly.
128. FABRICATE REAR BOX ASSEMBLY
Fabricate the rear box assembly.
129. FABRICATE SPARE TIRE CARRIER
Fabricate the spare tire carrier.
130. FABRICATE FRAME BRACKETS
Fabricate the frame brackets used to shorten ,;~ the frame channels.
`~ 131. FABRICATE WOOD BED SPACERS
Fabricate the oak bed spacers.
132. FABRICATE TAILGATE HARDWARE
~'1 Fabricate the tailgate hardware.
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29~7~81 3. Method and Structure of the Second Described Embodiment.
In a below ground mine it is often the case that it is only necessary to transport a few items or a few workers through a mine tunnel. In such cases, it is inefficient to operate a large low profile vehicle with its large cargo capacity. Thus, mining operations routinely require smaller below ground mining vehicles to provide efficient transportation through mine tunnels.
In the case of a below ground mining vehicle, it is either desirable or required that the vehicle include particular features. As explained earlier, it is conventional wisdom in the industry that below ground mining vehicles must be designed and fabricated from the "ground up." Disadvantageously, this approach results in vehicles which are expensive to acquire and maintain.
In order to achieve its objective of providing below ground mining vehicles that are less expensive and more efficient than previously available vehicles, the present invention uses original vehicles having a vertical height which is low enough for operation in mine tunnels, e.g., less than seventy inches, which are produced for general street and highway use. In accordance with the present invention, such vehicles are ~, modified to allow their use as a below ground mining vehicle.
The presently preferred embodiment of the present invention herein is carried out using one of the 1990 ., . . ~ .. - - - - , 20~7~81 pick-up models available from Isuzu Motors, Ltd. or American Isuzu Motors Inc. ~he specified pickup models are examples of a class of vehicles which can be generally referred to as "light duty trucks" and the invention also may be used with vehicles classified as "general purpose" or "sport utility" vehicles. Another example of a vehicle fitting within these classes and which may be used with the present invention is the model "Rocky" sport utility vehicle available from Daihatsu Motor Company or Daihatsu America, Inc. Many other vehicles can also be used with the present invention. All of these vehicles will be referred to herein as an "original vehicle."
Since the below ground mining vehicles resulting from the present invention are intended to only be used in mining applications, substantial savings can be obtained if some government and industry mandated equipment required for use on streets and highways is omitted from the vehicles as they are being mass produced.
Provided in Figure 12 is an exploded perspective view of another presently preferred embodiment of the present invention fabricated from the specified Isuzu pickup and which is particularly adapted for use as a general purpose below ground mining vehicle. The represented embodiment includes a vehicle body 300A, ~j drive train components 300B, and a chassis 300C. Also generally represented in Figure 12 are components which :
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51 20~7~8~

will be described in greater detail later in this disclosure. Such components are generally indicated in Figure 12 and include: injection pump 302 (concealed in the engine); transmission 304; transfer case 306; fire suppression components 308; manual fuel shut off 310;
battery box and circuit breaker 312; engine intake shut off 314; and, back-up alarm 316.
Referring next to Figure 13A, a partially cut away overall perspective view of the fuel injection pump components of the described below ground mining vehicle is provided. The represented fuel pump is one available under the trademark Diesel Xiki~ and which is included in the described Isuzu vehicle. Provided below in Table A is a list of the components represented in Figure 13A
with their corresponding reference numerals.

TABLE A
Reference Numeral Description 325 Pump Housing 326 Governor Cover 327 Rated-Speed Adjusting Screw 328 Idle-Speed Adjusting Screw 329 Control Lever 330 Control Lever Shaft 331 Overflow Restriction 332 Delivery Adjusting Screw 333 Hydraulic Head 334 Delivery-Valve Assembly 2~7~81 335 Delivery-Valve Holder 336 Timing Device 337 Driveshaft 338 Vane-Type Supply Pump 339 Governor Drive 340 Carn Roller Ring 341 Rollers of Carn Roller Ring 342 Carn Plate 343 Spring Link 344 Plunger Return Springs 345 Control Collar 346 Distributor Pump Plunger 347 Inlet Port 348 Screw Plug : 349 Bleeder Screw : 30 350 Electric Shutoff Device 351 Flyweight Assembly :l 35 352 Flyweights '.
353 Sliding Sleeve . 354 Starting Lever 355 Tensioning Lever 356 Adjusting Lever 45 : 357 Governor Spring ~,, 358 Pivot for Adjusting Lever Represented in Figure 13B is detailed view of the , ,:, governor mechanism included in the preferred fuel injection pump. Provided below in Table B is a list of 1~:
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the components represented in Figure 13B with their corresponding referance numerals.

TABLE B
Reference Numeral Description 329 Control Lever 345 Control Collar 352 Flyweights 353 Sliding Sleeve 354 Starting Lever 355 Tensioning Lever 357 Governor Spring 359 Endface of Control Collar 360 Distributor Pump Plunger 361 Spill Port of Distributor Pump Plunger 362 Knife-Edge Bearing 363 Ball Pin on Starting Lever 364 Retaining Pin 365 Pivot for starting lever ~ and tensioning lever -~ 366 Starting Spring 367 Idle Spring : One of the features of the completed below ground mining vehicle of the present invention is that the ~; 45maximum speed of the vehicle is limited to not greater than about 30 miles per hour and preferably not greater than about 25 miles per hour. Thus, in a below ground /

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mining environment, even extreme operator error cannot cause a vehicle to go racing out of control. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, there are a variety of methods for limiting engine speed and, ultimately, vehicle speed. The modification of the injection pump included with the specified pickup is presently preferred and is just one example of a means for limiting the engine speed.
Generally, the modifications made to the original vehicle will reduce the maximum spead of the original vehicle (the speed of the vehicle in the highest forward speed at the maximum engine speed) is reduced by at least about half and preferably by two thirds. It will be appreciated that when dealing with diesel engines, the optimum engine speed falls within a relatively narrow range. Thus, the limitation on the engine speed should generally not be too drastic. The described reduction to 90% in the maximum engine speed is preferred and, depending upon the particular diesel engine, a higher or lower value might be used within the scope of the present invention.
Provided below in Procedure A is a list of the presently preferred steps which are to be carried out on the injection pump components in accordance with the present invention.

Procedure A
1. Remove upper injection pump governor housing.
2. Remove throttle control lever.
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3. Remove full-load adjusting screw from governor housing.

4. Remove control lever shaft from governor housing.

5. Disconnect and remove the governor spring, pin, and the idle spring.

6. Install a 3500 RPM governor spring, pin, and idle spring in pump. (Available under the trademark Diesel Kiki~ part number 146513-0020).

7. Replace upper governor housing.

8. Replace throttle control lever.

9. Replace full-load ad~usting screw.

10. Bench test and calibrate pump to manufacturers specifications.

In the described preferred embodiment, engine speed is limited by modifying the fuel injection pump. In order to limit the overall maximum speed of the vehicle, the transmission is modified.
Provided in Figure 14A is an exploded perspective view of the transmission represented generally in Figure 12. The transmission includes a front transmission case 375 and a rear transmission case 376. The illustrated transmission is a five speed transmission (i.e., five forward gears). Other transmissions may only have three or four forward speeds while still other transmissions may have more. Regardless of the number of forward speeds, the transmission should be modified so that the maximum speed obtainable by the vehicle at the maximum engine speed does not exceed the desired maximum vehicle : :
~ speed, preferably one third of the original maximum -~ speed.
-~ 35 Provided below in Procedure B, and referencing :: :
Figure 14B, is a list of the presently preferred steps ':
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which are to be carried out on the transmission components in accordance with the present invention.

Procedure B
1. Remove transmission front and rear case.
2. Remove 5th counter gear 377 from counter shaft 378.
3. Remove counter shaft 378 and input shaft 379.
4. Cut 4th gear teeth 380 off of input shaft 379.
5. Cut 5th gear teeth 381 off of 5th counter gear 377.
6. Replace modified input shaft 379.
7. Replace counter shaft 378.
8. Replace modified 5th counter gear 377.
9. Replace transmission front case and rear case.

In below ground mining vehicles, it is often preferred, but not required, that the vehicle include four wheel drive. Thus, the preferred described embodiment includes four wheel drive and the original vehicle is modified so that it is permanently in four wheel drive, low range, operation. Represented in Figure 14C is another transmission which can be included the preferred described embodiment and which includes a transfer case 390A attached to the transmission which provides advantages not generally avaialbe in other similar purpose vehicles.
Represented in Figure 15 is a transfer case which is included in the original vehicle. Set forth below in Procedure C, below, are the presently preferred steps for permanently locking the transfer case in the low range, four wheel drive position.

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Procedure c 1. Remove transfer case from transmission.
2. Remove detent spring 385 and ball 386.
3. Remove plug 387.
4. Drive out pin 388 from shift rod 389.
5. Slide shift rod 389 until the front of the shift rod clears the case.
6. Fabricate and insert locking spacer 390 onto the end of the shift rod 389.
7. Slide shift rod 389 back into position.
8. Replace pin 388 in shift rod 389.
9. Replace plug 387 in the case.
10. Position forks 391 in four wheel drive low range position.

11. Position shifting sleeves in four wheel drive low range position.

12. Replace detent ball 386.

13. Fabricate and insert a locking rod (not represented in Figure 15) in place of spring 385.

14. Replace gasket 392.

15. Remount transfer case.
Another feature which is desirably included in the preferred below ground mining vehicle of the present invention is an automatic engine intake shutoff valve and control. The engine intake shutoff valve and control functions to stop the engine if the temperature in the engine compartment exceeds a predetermined threshold and thus performs an important safety :~:
function.
Represented in Figure 16A is the air cleaner, generally designated at 400, which is included in the original vehicle. The air cleaner 400 is modified in accordance with Procedure D provided, below.
:
Procedure D
1. Disconnect clamps 402 and remove flexible hose section 401.
2. Install shut off valve 403 in place of hose section 401.
3. Install hose section 404 using clamps between air cleaner 400 and shut off valve 403.

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20~7981 4. Install hose section 404 using clamps between air plenum 405 and shut off valve 403.
5. Secure hose clamps.

Referring next to Figure 16B, the control components for the automatic engine intake shutoff valve, and its connection to the engine vacuum source, are represented. The installation of the control components in the original vehicle is carried out in accordance with Procedure E set forth below.
Procedure E
1. Install temperature sensor 406 on engine compartment firewall (not represented).
2. Mount vacuum valve 407 on the left front inner fender panel in the engine compartment (not represented).
3. Install wiring harness 408 between temperature sensor 406, fuse box in engine compartment ~not represented), and vacuum valve 407.
4. Cut vacuum line 40g leading to vacuum pump on the alternator (not represented).
5. Install T fitting 410.
6. Install two ends of the vacuum pump line 409 to T fitting 410.
7. Install vacuum hose 411 between T fitting 410 and inlet of vacuum valve 407.
8. Install vacuum hose 412 between vacuum valve 407 and vacuum actuator 413 on shut off valve ;~ 30 403 9. Secure all hoses with tie wraps (not represented).
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In order to maximize the safe operation of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention, a fire suppression system is installed on the original vehicle. The fire suppression system includes both fire sensors and extinguisher nozzles located in the engine compartment, at the fuel tank, and at the exhaust muffler. The preferred positions for installation of ~1 the fire sensors in the engine compartment of the ~' ' :

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original vehicle are indicated in Figure 17A at 420 and the positions of the extinguisher nozzles are indicated at 422. The preferred positions for installation of the fire sensors in the original vehicle adjacent to the fuel tank and the exhaust muffler are indicated in Figure 17B at 420 and the positions of the extinguisher nozzles are indicated at 422.
The chemical canisters, chemical lines, and the control components for the fire suppression system are not represented but those skilled in the art will understand the details of their installation. The chemical canisters and the control components can be conveniently mounted in the bed of the original vehicle.
For example, one preferred fire suppression system which can be installed in the embodiments of the present invention is available from AFEX Fire Suppression Systems of Raleigh, North Carolina.
The below ground mining vehicle of the present invention, and the method of converting the original vehicle to the same, includes a manual fuel shut off valve which, when closed, ensures that fuel does not travel from the fuel tank to the engine. Figure 18 provides an exploded perspective view of the manual fuel shut off components installed in the original vehicle.
Procedure F, set forth below, provides the presently preferred steps for installing the manual fuel shut off valve.

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Procedure F
1. Disconnect the fuel line 424 at the position indicated at 425.
2. Cut 6 inches off the end of fuel line 424.
3. Install manual shut off valve 426 in fuel line using clamps 427.
4. Mount ~anual shut off valve 4~6 and fuel line on the right hand frame member (not represented in Figure 18).
Still another feature which is desira~ly included in the preferred below ground mining vehicle of the present invention is a battery box which encloses the original vehicle battery and a circuit breaker integral with the battery box. Figure 19 provides a representation of a battery box 430 which encloses the battery and is fabricated from a durable material. A
circuit breaker 431, which is preferably a 12 volt, 100 amp circuit breaker, is provided integrally with the battery box and provides additional protection against fires in the vehicle. The presently preferred steps for installing the battery box 430 in the orig~nal vehicle are set forth below in Procedure G.
Procedure G
~; 1. Remove battery from the original vehicle.
2. Install battery box 430 with integral circuit breaker 431 in position within the engine compartment.
3. Re-install battery cable 432 between battery positive post 433 and circuit breaker 431.
Cable openings in the battery box should be provided with grommets (not represented).
4. Install battery cable 434 between circuit '~ breaker 431 and starter post (not represented in Figure 19).
~;~ 5. Install negative cable 436 and battery box lid 435 and secure all wiring.

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2~7~1 Referring next to Figure 20, the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention also includes a back up alarm which automatically sounds an audible alarm when the vehicle's transmission is placed into reverse. The presently preferred steps for installing the back up alarm in the original vehicle are set forth in Procedure H, below.

Procedure H
1. Mount the back up alarm 440 to underside of original vehicle bed.
2. Connect back up alarm wiring 443 to reverse lamp circuit 441 at the point indicated at 442.
3. Secure all wiring with wire ties (not represented).

Referring next to Fiqure 21, in order to avoid damage to the headlamps of the vehicle in the inhospitable below ground mine environment, headlamp guards 450, as are available in the art, are installed - over both headlamps (with only one being represented in Figure 21).
It will be appreciated that a variety of components, other than those specified above, are available in the art which can be used in accordance with the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to identify alternative components for use in carrying out the present invention and determine which components are best suited for particular applications. For example, the parts and/or service manuals for the Isuzu pick up models and the .,.,.,, ' .

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Daihatsu Rocky model will provide additional information to those skilled in the art and are now incorporated herein by reference.
For example, the Isuzu pickup models referenced earlier are particularly suited to for use in accordance with the present invention. Figures 22A-G illustrate exemplary modifications made to, or features of, such pickup models.
Figure 22A is a representation of the front suspension assembly of a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention.
Desirably, the embodiment of Figure 22A includes a torsion bar front suspension wherein each of the front wheels is independently suspended. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the advantages which accompany the use o~ a torsion bar suspension, yet such suspensions have not generally been included in below ground mining vehicles.
Also illustrated in Figure 22A is an upper wishbone suspension member 500A and in the case of a rear wheel drive only embodiment a lower suspension arm 500C. In the case of a four wheel drive embodiment, lower wishbone suspension member 500B, and its associated components, replaces the lower suspension arm 500C.
~ Provided below in Table C is a list of the major parts referenced in Figure 22A. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to apply the teachings ~ .
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20~7~81 contained herein to other embodiments of the present invention.
TABLE C
Reference Numeral Description 501 Torsion bar bolts, seat, lock plate 502 Height control arm 503 Torsion bar 504 Nut and washer 505 Rubber bushing and washer 506 Bolt and washer 507 Strut bar 508 Rubber bushing, washer, and tube 509 Bolt 510 Bracket 511 Nut 512 Rubber bushing and washer 513 Rubber bushing and washer 514 Bracket 515 Bolt and nut ; 516 Bolt and nut - 40 517 Stabilizer bar 518 Nut 519 Rubber bushing and washer 520 Bolt, nut, and washer 521 Shock absorber 522 Rubber bushing and washer 523 Lower link bumper 524 Upper link bumper :

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Figure 22B is a representation of the front drive axle assembly of a preferred four wheel drive embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention. The represented front drive axle includes a differential housing 529 which is mounted to the vehicle frame (not shown in Figure 22B). Also included are outer constant velocity joint 531 and inner constant velocity joint 532. The inclusion of outer constant velocity joint 531 and inner constant velocity joint 532 provide benefits, such benefits being well known in the art, not generally available in below ground mining vehicles.
Provided below in Table D is a list of parts referenced in Figure 22B. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to apply the teachings contained herein to other embodiments of the present invention.
TABLE D
Reference Numeral Description 525 Hub and disk, back plate, knuckle, knuckle arm, and - lower end assembly.
526 Propeller shaft 527 Nut and bolt 528 Washer 529 Front drive axle assembly 530 Washer .

2~57~

531 Outer constant velocity joint 532 Inner constant velocity joint Figure 22C is a representation of the drive line mounted, liquid cooled, brake assembly 546 of a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention in relation to other drive train components. Illustrated in Figure 22C is a differential 540, a first propeller shaft 542, and a second propeller shaft 544. The preferred drive line mounted brake is one manufactured by Mico and identified as a C-mount liquid cooled brake, for example model no. 02-540-060 (MC-141478-CR). The specified brake device is a complete self-contained liquid cooled device including standard SAE C motor mountings.
The preferred step~ used to install the drive line brake include:
1. Fabricate the disc brake support bracket out of 1/4" steel plate.
2. Remove vehicle drive line between transmission and rear axle.
3. Measure and cut section out of drive line to accommodate wet disc brake.
4. Weld new connecting ends on drive line to connect to wet brake assembly being sure to :
check for proper final alignment.
5. Mount wet disc assembly on its support bracket.
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6. Install first drive line section on rear of transmission.
7. Connect first drive line section to wet disc assembly.
8. Position assembly and bracket for welding bracXet to vehicle frame.
9. Weld bracket to vehicle frame.
10. Install second drive line section between wet disc brake and center carrier bearing.
11. Install third drive line section between carrier bearing and rear differential.
12. Install electric pump and oil accumulator for brake in engine compartment.
13. Connect pump, accumulator, and brake with high pressure ~lexible hose and fittings.
14. Install control switch on cab dashboard.
15. Connect control switch to electric pump.
; ~ 16. Connect electric pump to fused lead on - vehicle fuse box.
Figure 22D is a representation of the fuel system included in the described embodiment. The fuel system comprises a fuel tank 550, a fuel line water separator 551, a fuel filter 552, a fuel injection pump generally desi~nated at 553, a co}d starting solenoid valve 554, a fuel cut solenoid valve 555, and an ; injections nozzle 556 ~or sach oylinder of the engine.
Plgure 22E is a cross sectional view of the distributor type fuel in~ection pump of a preferred ,~' ~:; ~ : :
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`` 2~7~81 embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present invention. The use of a distributor type injection pump shown in Figure 22E provides advantages not otherwise obtainable with other types of injection pumps. Fuel is input to the injection pump at 557 and output to one of the injection nozzles at 565.
Other components included in the injection pump are listed in Table E.
TABLE E
Reference Numeral Description 558 Drive shaft 559 Feed pump gear 560 Camdlsc 561 Timer 562 Plunger spring 563 Control sleeve 564 Delivery valve 566 Plunger 567 Fuel cut solenoid valve ~ 30 568 Tension lever : ~ 569 Collector lever 570 Aneroid compensator 571 Governor spring 572 Control lever gQ 573 Control lever shaft Figure 22F is a representation of the cold engine starting sy~tem included in a preferred embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle of the present :: :

~0~7981 invention. The cold engine starting system (also referred to as an engine warm-up system) controls the opening of the throttle, the amount of intake air, and the ratio of air to fuel which is supplied to the cylinder. The system also functions to measure the amount of heat capacity, to close the exhaust throttle valve to increase the exhaust pressure, and to accelerate the increase in compression and temperature.
The major components represented in Figure 22F
are listed below in Ta~le F.
TABLE F
Reference Numeral Description 575 Vacuum control valve 576 Delay valve 577 Fast idle control device 578 Throttle 579 Exhaust throttle vacuum pump 580 Vacuum control valve; Fast idle control device 581 Vacuum switching valve 582 Delay valve 583 Vacuum regulating valve 584 Vacuum switching valve Further information regarding the operation of the components listed in Table F can be found in the previously referenced publications available from the provider of Isuzu pickup trucks.

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2~7981 Figure 22G is a side view representation of the below ground mining vehicle which includes what is commonly referred to in the art as a "crew cab"
generally designated at 591. The inclusion of the crew cab 591, while not a regular feature of prior art below ground mining vehicles, provides significant benefits. The numerical values for the dimensions shown in Figure 22G are provided below in Table G.
The values shown are in inches.
TABLE G
Reference Dimensio~
Numeral Referring next to Figure 22H, the steps carried out to fabricate the described embodiment of the below ground mining vehicle. one preferred step is that of removing the cab roof along lines 600 and the front and rear glass panels. It is preferred to use the steps of Procedure I, below.

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2~79~1 Procedure I
1. Remove front and rear glazing panels from cab roof structure.
2. Using a reciprocating metal saw, cut through the roof structure at the ~ront corners of the cab at a position just above the dash panel.
3. Using a reciprocating metal saw, cut through the roof structure at the rear corners of the cab at a position just above the rear seat cushion.
4. Remove the cab roof assembly.
5. Using standard vinyl panel trim, cover all cut metal edges at the corners and rear of the cab.
Figure 22I depicts the cab doors included in the described above ground vehicle. In many cases it is preferred that the cab doors be removed as described in Procedure J, below.
Froce~re J
1. Open the door (605) and disconnect the harness (601) and remove the checker pin (602).
2. Using a box end wrench, unbolt the door assembly from both the upper and lower door hinges (603 and 604).
3. Remove the door assembly.
4. Using a swivel joint socket and power driver, unbolt the upper and lower door hinges from the door pillar.
5. Remove the upper and lower door hinges.
6. Repeat the procedure for the opposite side door.
;
Represented in Figure 22J are side perimeter guards 610, front perimeter guard 616 including a front bumper 612, and a rear bumper 614 functioning as a rear perimeter guard. Also represented in Figure 22J i8 a body 618 provided on the rear o~ the vehicle which includes a plurality of locking cabinets used to carry ; 40 tools and other items. The body 618 is an example of the many different bodies which can be included on the ::
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2057~

described vehicle~ Figure 22J also depicts a pipe vise 622 and a battery invertor device 620. Procedure K, below, provides the presently preferred steps for fabricating the perimeter guards represented in Figure 22J.

Procedure K

1. Fabricate the pipe sections out of 2 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe.
2. Fabricate the bumpers out of 4"x8"x.188" wall square steel tubing.
3. Use 2" pre-formed short radius 90 degree elbows for connecting straight sections of the 2 inch pipe together.
4. Fabricate mounting plates for the bumpers and the pipe sections out of lt4" steel plate.
5. Assemble all components on a layout jig and arc weld using mild steel rod.
6. Finish grind all welding joints.
7. Primer paint all components.
8. Finish paint all components black, using acrylic enamel.
9. Remove existlng front bumper of vehicle.
10 Install ~ront bumper with grille guard.
11. Install rear bumper.
12. Install pipe sections along both sides of vehicle.
13. Connect pipe sections together, and to bumpers.

Figure 22K illustrates another body 626 which can be fitted onto the described vehicle and other ~eatures which can be desirably fitted thereto, including:
rollover protective structure 628, a flashing beacon 630, a side rail 632, a tool, e.g., a shovel holder 633, a water bottle holder 634, a scaling bar holder 635, a fire extinguisher holder 636,a jack-all holder 638, and ~; , ; a lunch box holder 640. Set forth in Procedure L are the preferred steps for fabricating a cab cage.
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Procedure L
1. Use 2 inch Schedule 40 steel pipe and 2 inch short radius 90 degree elbows to fabricate the cage.
2. Assemble all components on an assembly jig and arc weld together using mild steel rod.
3. Finish grind all defects in the welding joints.
4. Primer paint assembly.
5. Finish paint assembly black, using acrylic enamel.
6. Install cage assembly, connecting it to the perimeter guard pipes by arc welding with mild steel rod.
7. Clean and touch up paint burns from the welding process.

Referring next to Figure 22L, a partial diagram of the exhaust system of the preferred above ground vehicle is provided. Illustrated in Figure 22L is an exhaust pipe 642 and an exhaust purifier 644. The preferred exhaust purifier is one avaialbe from Engine Control Systems Ltd. of Ontario, Canada and ~rom the line of "DZ" models which include a catalyst which is specifically designed for use with diesel engines.
It should be understood that many vehicles having different features and components can be utilized in accordance with the present invention. Those above ground vehicles described herein are most presently preferred for use with the present invention. Set forth in Procedure M are the preferred steps for fabricating a cab cage.

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Procedure M
1. Mark the exhaust pipe at a location 5 inches away and also at 13 inches away from the connection between the exhaust pipe and the exhaust manifold.
2. Using a reciprocating metal saw, cut through the exhaust pipe at the two marked locations.
Be sure cuts are made perpendicular to the outer wall of the pipe.
3. Remove the 8 inch section of pipe.
4. Install a ECS model 5DZ exhaust purifier in line with the pipe connecting the two pipe ends to the purifier. Be sure the backpressure test ports and the service bands are positioned away from the engine block.
5. Using either a MIG welder or an acetylene torch and appropriate welding rod, weld the two exhaust pipe sections to the ends of the purifier.
6. Start the vehicle and inspect for any pinhole exhaust leaks which may be present at the welded joints.
7. Finish grind any welding imperfections.

4. ConçlusiOnt.
In view of the ~oreqoing, it will be appreciated that the present invention is a great advance in the arts pertaining to below ground mining vehicles. The present invention allows the desirable components and :
features of an above ground vehicle to be incorporated into a below ground mining vehicle more economically than possible with prior art below ground mining vehicles. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention perform better in many applications than prior art below ground mining vehicles because the components incorporated therein have been designed to work together rather than being a collection of unrelated components as are incorporated into prior art below ground mining vehicles.
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: , , -` 2~79~1 The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The sccpe of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foreqoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. ~~
What is claimed and desired to be secured b~ United~
States Letters Pate ~ s~
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Claims (66)

1. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle, the above ground vehicle comprising a diesel engine, a pair of front steering wheels and a pair of rear driving wheels, the method comprising the steps of:
disconnecting a portion of the drive train between the engine and rear wheels;
modifying the drive train so that the maximum speed attainable by the vehicle is no greater than 50 per cent of the original maximum speed; and reconnecting the portion of the drive train between the engine and the rear wheels including the modified drive train.

2. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 wherein the drive train comprises a transmission and wherein the step of disconnecting a portion of the drive train comprises the steps of:
removing the transmission; and disabling at least the highest forward speed of the transmission.

3. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 2 wherein the above ground vehicle further comprises a four wheel drive transfer case having both a high and a low range, wherein the step of disconnecting a portion of the drive train comprises the step of modifying the transfer case such that the transfer case is permanently set in its four wheel drive, low range, position.

4. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 wherein the above ground vehicle further comprises a fuel injection pump and wherein the step of modifying the drive train comprises the step of modifying the fuel injection pump to limit the maximum speed of the engine to not greater than about so percent of the previous maximum speed of the engine.

5. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 wherein the above ground vehicle further comprises a fuel injection pump and wherein the step of modifying the drive train comprises the step of modifying the fuel injection pump to limit the maximum speed of the engine to not greater than about 3500 r.p.m.

6. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 wherein the step of modifying the drive train comprises the step of modifying drive train so that the maximum speed of the vehicle is about 25 miles per hour.

7. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 wherein the above ground vehicle comprises an air cleaner, a fuel tank and a fuel line, and a battery, and wherein the method comprises the steps of:
installing at least one fire suppression nozzle and at least one fire sensor in the engine compartment of the vehicle;
installing a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line; and connecting an engine intake air shutoff valve to the engine cleaner and installing a temperature sensor in the engine compartment, the engine intake air shutoff valve being actuated when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold temperature.

8. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 7 further comprising the step of installing a back up alarm.

9. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of installing a drive line brake.

10. A method of converting an above ground vehicle, the above ground vehicle comprising a frame, a diesel engine including a distributor-type fuel injection pump, a fuel tank and a fuel line connecting the fuel tank and the fuel line, a torsion bar front suspension, a cab roof, two cab doors, a dashboard in the cab, and a transmission having at least four forward speeds, to a below ground mining vehicle, the method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle comprising the steps of:
removing the cab roof down to substantially the level of the dashboard;
removing both cab doors;
installing perimeter protection guards on both sides of the above ground vehicle;
installing perimeter protection guards on both ends of the above ground vehicle; and installing a back up alarm which sounds whenever the vehicle moves in a reverse direction.

11. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 10 further comprising the step of installing a at least one fire suppression nozzle and at least one fire sensor in the engine compartment of the vehicle.

12. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 10 wherein the above ground vehicle further comprises an air cleaner located in an engine compartment, and wherein the method further comprises the step of installing an engine intake air shutoff valve to the engine cleaner and installing a temperature sensor in the engine compartment, the engine intake air shutoff valve being actuated when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold temperature.

13. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 10 further comprises the step of installing a protective structure over the operator's position.

14. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 10 wherein the vehicle further comprises an exhaust system and wherein the method further comprising the step of installing an exhaust purifier in the above ground vehicle exhaust system.

15. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 10 further comprising the step of installing a vehicle body.

16. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 15 wherein the step of installing a vehicle body comprises the step of installing a vehicle body comprising a plurality of metal cabinets.

17. A method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 15 wherein the step of installing a vehicle body comprises the step of installing a vehicle body comprising a seat, a fire extinguisher holder, a water bottle holder, and a lunch box holder.

18. A method of converting an above ground vehicle, the above ground vehicle comprising a frame, a diesel engine including a distributor-type fuel injection pump, an exhaust system, a fuel tank and a fuel line connecting the fuel tank and the fuel line, a torsion bar front suspension, a cab roof, two cab doors, a dashboard in the cab, a pair of front wheels used at least for steering and a pair of rear wheels used at least for driving the vehicle, and a transmission having at least four forward speeds, to a below ground mining vehicle, the method of converting an above ground vehicle to a below ground mining vehicle comprising the steps of:
disconnecting a portion of the drive train between the engine and rear wheels;
modifying the drive train so that the maximum speed attainable by the vehicle is no greater than 50 per cent of the original maximum speed and not substantially greater than thirty miles per hour;
installing a drive line brake in the drive train;
reconnecting the portion of the drive train between the engine and the rear wheels including the modified drive train;
installing an exhaust purifier in the above ground vehicle exhaust system;
installing perimeter protection guards on both sides of the above ground vehicle;
installing perimeter protection guards on both ends of the above ground vehicle; and installing a back up alarm which sounds whenever the vehicle moves in a reverse direction.

19. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 wherein the step of modifying the drive train comprises the step of disabling the highest forward speed.

20. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 wherein the transmission comprises five forward speeds and wherein the step of modifying the transmission comprises the step of disabling the fourth and fifth forward speeds of the transmission.

21. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 wherein the above ground vehicle comprises a diesel engine including an air cleaner, a fuel tank, and a fuel line connecting the fuel tank and the fuel line, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
installing at least one fire suppression nozzle and at least one fire sensor in the engine compartment of the vehicle;
installing a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line; and installing an engine intake air shutoff valve and a temperature sensor in the engine compartment, the engine intake air shutoff valve being actuated when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold temperature.

22. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 wherein the above ground vehicle transmission comprises a reverse speed and wherein the step of installing a backup alarm comprises the step of installing an audible back up alarm, the back up alarm sounding whenever the transmission is placed in the reverse speed.

23. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 further comprises the step of installing a protective structure over the operator's position.

24. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 18 further comprising the step of installing a vehicle body.

25. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 24 wherein the step of installing a vehicle body comprises the step of installing a vehicle body comprising a plurality of metal cabinets.

26. A method of converting an above ground vehicle capable of highway speeds to a below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 24 wherein the step of installing a vehicle body comprises the step of installing a vehicle body comprising a seat, a fire extinguisher holder, a water bottle holder, and a lunch box holder.

27. A below ground mining vehicle comprising:
a chassis;
a body mounted on the chassis, the body including an operator's compartment;
a diesel engine, the engine including means for limiting the maximum engine speed to not greater than about 3500 r.p.m.;
a first pair of wheels, the first pair of wheels used for steering the vehicle;
a second pair of wheels, the second pair of wheels being always driven by the engine;
a transmission, the transmission comprising a highest forward speed which propels the below ground mining vehicle at no more than about 30 miles per hour when the engine is operating at its maximum speed.

28. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 wherein the a transmission comprises at least one reverse speed and no more than first, second, and third operable forward speeds.

29. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising fire suppression means in the vicinity of the engine.

30. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising:
a fuel tank;
a fuel line connecting the fuel tank to the engine; and a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line.

31. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising an engine intake shut off valve and a temperature sensor positioned adjacent to the engine, the engine intake shut off valve closing in response to the temperature sensor detecting an abnormal temperature.

32. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising:
a battery box enclosing a battery having a positive terminal; and a circuit breaker serially connected with the positive terminal.

33. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising:
fire suppression means in the vicinity of the fuel tank;
an exhaust muffler; and a fire suppression means in the vicinity of the exhaust muffler.

34. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 27 further comprising a back up alarm.

35. A below ground mining vehicle comprising:
a frame;
a diesel engine including a distributor-type fuel injection pump;
a fuel tank and a fuel line connecting the fuel tank and the fuel line;
a torsion bar front suspension;
an open operator's position;
perimeter protection guards on both sides of the vehicle;
perimeter protection guards on both ends of the vehicle; and a back up alarm which sounds whenever the vehicle moves in a reverse direction.

36. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising at least one fire suppression nozzle and at least one fire sensor in the engine compartment of the vehicle.

37. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising an engine intake air shutoff valve positioned at the engine cleaner and a temperature sensor in the engine compartment, the engine intake air shutoff valve being actuated when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold temperature.

38. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a protective cage over the operator's position.

39. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising an exhaust purifier positioned in the vehicle exhaust system.

40. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a vehicle body.

41. A below above ground vehicle as defined in claim 40 wherein the vehicle body comprises a vehicle body comprising a plurality of metal cabinets.

42. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 40 wherein the vehicle body comprises a seat, a fire extinguisher holder, a water bottle holder, and a lunch box holder.

43. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a front drive axle comprising at least an inner constant velocity joint and an outer constant velocity joint.

44. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 wherein the each of the front pair of wheels is independently suspended.

45. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 wherein the front pair of wheels is suspended using at least one wishbone suspension structure.

46. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 wherein the front pair of wheels is suspended using at least two wishbone suspension structures.

47. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a cold engine starting system.

48. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a front differential having a housing, the differential housing being mounted to the frame of the vehicle.

49. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 35 further comprising a four wheel drive transfer case integral with a transmission.

50. A below ground mining vehicle comprising:
a frame;
a diesel engine including a distributor-type fuel injection pump;
an exhaust system;
a fuel tank and a fuel line connecting the fuel tank and the fuel line;
a torsion bar front suspension;
a dashboard;
a pair of front wheels used at least for steering;
a pair of rear wheels used at least for driving the vehicle;
a transmission having at least four forward speeds;
a drive train positioned between the engine and rear wheels having a maximum speed not substantially greater than thirty miles per hour;
a drive line brake positioned in the drive train;

an exhaust purifier in the vehicle exhaust system;
perimeter protection guards on both sides of the above ground vehicle;
perimeter protection guards on both ends of the above ground vehicle; and a back up alarm which sounds whenever the vehicle moves in a reverse direction.

51. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 wherein the drive train comprises a transmission comprised of only three forward speeds.

52. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising:
at least one fire suppression nozzle and at least one fire sensor in the engine compartment of the vehicle;
a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line;
and an engine intake air shutoff valve and a temperature sensor in the engine compartment, the engine intake air shutoff valve being actuated when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a threshold temperature.

53. A below ground mining vehicle defined in claim 50 wherein the backup alarm comprises an audible back up alarm, the back up alarm sounding whenever the transmission is placed in the reverse speed.

54. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a protective cage over the operator's position.

55. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a vehicle body.

56. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 55 further comprising a vehicle body comprising a plurality of metal cabinets.

57. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 55 further comprising the step of installing a vehicle body comprising a seat, a fire extinguisher holder, a water bottle holder, and a lunch box holder.

58. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a front drive axle comprising at least an inner constant velocity joint and an outer constant velocity joint.

59. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 wherein the each of the front pair of wheels is independently suspended.

60. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 wherein the front pair of wheels is suspended using at least one wishbone suspension structure.

61. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 wherein the front pair of wheels is suspended using at least two wishbone suspension structures.

62. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a cold engine starting system.

63. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a front differential having a housing, the differential housing being mounted to the frame of the vehicle.

64. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 50 further comprising a four wheel drive transfer case integral with the transmission.

65. A below ground mining vehicle comprising:
a chassis;
a pair of front wheels;
a pair of rear wheels;
a diesel engine comprising means for limiting engine speed to about 3500 r.p.m. or less;
a transmission, the transmission conveying power from the diesel engine to at least the pair of rear wheels, the transmission having at least one reverse gear and no more than first, second, and third operable forward gears;
fire suppression means in the vicinity of the engine;
a fuel tank;
a fuel line connecting the fuel tank to the engine;
a manual fuel shut off valve in the fuel line;
and an engine intake shut off valve and a temperature sensor positioned adjacent to the engine, the engine intake shut off valve closing in response to the temperature sensor detecting an abnormal temperature.

66. A below ground mining vehicle as defined in claim 65 further comprising:
a battery box enclosing a battery having a positive terminal;
a circuit breaker serially connected with the positive terminal;
fire suppression means in the vicinity of the fuel tank;
an exhaust muffler;
a fire suppression means in the vicinity of the exhaust muffler; and a back up alarm.