CA2057278A1 - Composition for rendering waste substances harmless - Google Patents
Composition for rendering waste substances harmlessInfo
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- CA2057278A1 CA2057278A1 CA 2057278 CA2057278A CA2057278A1 CA 2057278 A1 CA2057278 A1 CA 2057278A1 CA 2057278 CA2057278 CA 2057278 CA 2057278 A CA2057278 A CA 2057278A CA 2057278 A1 CA2057278 A1 CA 2057278A1
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- acid
- composition
- hydrophobizing agent
- mixture
- fatty acids
- Prior art date
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Abstract
A novel hydrophobizing agent is provided for compounding into a novel composition for rendering waste substances harmless. The hydrophobizing agent comprises a liquid blend of a specified mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a specified mixture of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. The novel composition comprises such hydrophobizing agent which is coated on finely-ground lime.
Description
~ 2057278 This invention relates to a composition for rendering ~aste substances harmless and to a method for making such cor,lposition.
The art has been faced with the problem of rendering waste substances harmless, particularly at the present time with the emphasis on enhancing the environment.
Common by-products of plants in which chemicals are made or treated on an industrial scale are aqueous sludges often containing a high proportion of relatively inert f-ine particulate materials a variety of reactive materials in sufficiently small concentrations as to make the reclamation thereof uneconomical.
Often the available reactive compounds in the sludge solids include concentrations in the 0.5-5.0 weight percent range of common materials, e.g. sulfate ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions, and iron ions or sources thereof. The water content of such sludges may vary considerably, and is typically in the range of 10 - 90 per cent by weight.
Yet another disposal problem relates to soil contaminated through intentional or accidental spills of petroleum oils, hydrocarbon solvents or other, semi-volatile or norl-volatile 2C organic materials. Such contaminants may extend over large tracts of land and may directly or indirectly, such as through subseyuent contamination of an underlying aquifer, constitute an ex~reme threat of wildlife, vegetation vr human health. Conventional me'hods, such as land farming or those described above in connection with oil well sumps are similarly unsuitable.
The disposition of such sludges has always been a proble~.
With the increasing awareness of the undesirability of discharging such waste materials into the environment and the resulting governmental regulation of such discharges, the need for a convenient, harmless, and economical way of disposing of such sludges or converting them into a useful product is becoming increasingly apparent. A further incentive is provided by the capital investment and land required for the disposition of such sludges by conventional means, which often include large settling ponds or storage piles.
~ Another disposal problem relates to oil well sumps. Oil wel~
sumps are artificial pits used as dump sites for all kinds of liquid and viscous wastes. The physical consistency of the sump varies according to the random materials dumped. Typically, however, in the absence of a water layer, the consistency is pasty.
Inasmuch as sumps create traps for wild fowl, there is an increasing demand for elimination of sumps, especially those not being commercially used. In zddition, they are unsightly. The traditional treatment has been to dur,lp and mix dirt into the sump and thereby so~k up sufficient of the oil until the dirt-sump material can be r,~oved by conventional equipment. The mixture is then spread to dry. This'treatment has not been acceptable because the mixture bleeds oil and chemicals. Over the mont,hs and years this dirt-sump mixture oozes oil and becomes almost as objectionable as the original oil sump. This unsatisfactory type of treatment has called for an improved solution to the ecological problem of SUMp eliminatiOrl.
The increasing use of hydrophobic substances, e.g. oils and oily substances, as well as macromolecular substances especially, has created new problems which arise mainly out of the handling of these substances. Particularly, the use of old oil, heating oils, lubricating oils and diesel fuels often leads, either intentionally or through negligence, and often due to emergency situations, to dangerous contamination of the environment.
There are a number of methods for rendering such oils or oily substances which, in a single phase or in multiple phase systems, entail an endangerment of the environment harmless. For example, oil can be chen~ically reacted by being burned, for example, or biologically degraded. The combustion method used frequently in combatting oil damage results in considerable air pollution if the burning is performed in the open rather than in expensive combustion apparatus.
The use of adsorbents solves such problem only when the oil can be fixed with them in such a manner that it is chemically unaltered but is encapsulated or otherwise isolated or is accescible to bio~ogical degradation and no longer contsitutes any danger to the environment. With the known adsorptive agents, e.g.
active charcoal, kieselguhr or bentonite, waste oil, for example, can be adsorptively bound only with difficult~. Large amounts of oil may cement the adsorptive agent, especially in the case of high-viscosity oils, making further processing difficult.
It has furthermore been proposed in various ways to treat porous mineral substances with hydrophobic substances for the purpose of improving their adsorptive characteristics. In this manner hydrophobic waste substances can be preferentially bound, while the water is no longer primarily absorbed. In such adsorptive agents, e.g. hydrophobized pearlite, however, the absorptive capacity is greatly reduced, since the mineral starting material is partially sealed by surface treatment with hydrophobizing substances, so that the inner cavities are no longer accessible.
It is particularly important that the substances which are adsorptively bound by the known processes are so fixed on the adsorptive agent that they no longer constitute any danger to the environment.
In addition to the general, mainly unsatisfactory procedures for the problems of disposal of such wastes discussed above, the patent ~iterature has purported to provide solutions to these problems. For example, one solution to the problem was said to be provided in U.S. Patent No. 3,720,609, patented March 13, 1973 by C. L. Smith et al. That patent provided a procedure whereby waste sludyes containing small amounts of certain types of reactive materials were treated by adding, to such sludges, materials capable of producing aluminum ions, lime and/or sulfate bearing 2057~8 compounds to produce a composition having a sufficient concentration of sulfate ions, aluminum ions and equivalents thereof, and calcium ions and equivalents thereof. Over a period of time such compositions hardened by the formation of calcium sulfo-aluminate hydrates.
Another solution to the problem was said to be provided in U.S. Patent No. 4,028,240 patented June 7, 1977 by F. Marchak Jr.
That patent provided a procedure whereby lime, preferably as calcium oxide, was mixed with the contents of sumps, such as oil well sumps, and these generally have a pasty or plastic consistency. The calcium oxide reacted with the materials present and also dehydrated the contents of the sump, causing the sump contents to stiffen.
Yet another solution to this problem was said to be achieved in ~.S. Patent No. 4,01&,679 patented April 19, 1977 by F. Bolsing.
That patent provided a method for rendering an oil waste material harmless by mixing an alkaline earth metal oxide with a surface active agent which delayed reaction between t,he alkaline earth metal oxide and water, combining the mixture with oily material, ~0 e.g. a sludge or an oil contaminated soil, and reacting the alkaline earth metal oxide charged with the waste material with approximately the stoichiometric amount of water to convert the alkaline earth metal oxide to the hydroxide. The alkaline earth r.letal oxide was preferably calciurl~ oxide and advantageously it was also mixed with a hydlul)hobizing agent prior to mixture with the oily waste m~t~ri~l In the patent to Bolsing described above, the composition used was preferably ~r~a~d by blending lime with a solid fatty acid (in particular, a commercial grade of stearic acid commonly called stearin) by slowly adding the acid to coarse lime as 5it was subjected to the process of fine-grin-ling. The purpose of this operation was to render the lime hydrophobic, thereby delaying its hydration reaction with water and ing it to be inl;",~t~ly mixed with co,~ ~ soil by m~h~nic~l means.
Subsequent hydration then resulted in an extremely fine and uniform dispersion of the conta",i~ , hydrated lime and soil. In practice, however, the purpose of that 10invention was not always achieved to its optimum.
Accordingly, an object of a principal aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel hydrophobizing agent which effectively inhibits lime hydration until the lime-water Illi~c~ure is me~h~ni~lly blended through vigorous stirring, thenallowed to remain e~nti~lly lln~ rbed at which time reaction occurs at a high rate.
15An object of another aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel co"~osi~ion for r~n-iering waste substances harmless which incll1des such novel hydrophobizing agent therein.
The present invention, in one of its broad ~pect~, provides a hydrophobizing agent which comprises a liquid blend of a Il~ ule of liquid salul~ted fatty acids 20having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a "~ ult; of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
By one variant thereof the liquid Ill~lure of fatty acids comprises a prepo~er~nt amount of caprylic acid and capric acid.
~o~7 21 B
By another variant thereof, the liquid ~ ule of fatty acids comprises caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid.
By yet another variant thereof, the "~Llu~ of glycerides is selected from the group con.eisting of coconu~ oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil. By one variation of that variant, the glyceride mixture sele~ted is coconut oil, the composition of which comprises the glyceride of lauric acid, with appleciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids. By another variation of that variant, the glyceride mixture s~l~cted is b~h~c~l oil, the composition of the acids of whichcompricç~C caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid and oleic acid. By yet another variation of that variant, the glyceride IllLClul~ selected is palm kernel oil, the composition of the acids of which comprices caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
By another variant thereof, the ratio of the Illi~lul~ of fatty acids to the Illib~lul~ of glycerides by weight is 90:10 to 65:35.
By a specific aspect of this invention, a hydrophobizing agent is provided comprising a blend which is liquid at room lelllpt;ldlul~ and is readily-atomizable, the blend comprising: a) a IllibLlul~ of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconul oil.
By one variation thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight is 73:27.
By another variant thereof, the general colllposition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
A
The art has been faced with the problem of rendering waste substances harmless, particularly at the present time with the emphasis on enhancing the environment.
Common by-products of plants in which chemicals are made or treated on an industrial scale are aqueous sludges often containing a high proportion of relatively inert f-ine particulate materials a variety of reactive materials in sufficiently small concentrations as to make the reclamation thereof uneconomical.
Often the available reactive compounds in the sludge solids include concentrations in the 0.5-5.0 weight percent range of common materials, e.g. sulfate ions, calcium ions, aluminum ions, and iron ions or sources thereof. The water content of such sludges may vary considerably, and is typically in the range of 10 - 90 per cent by weight.
Yet another disposal problem relates to soil contaminated through intentional or accidental spills of petroleum oils, hydrocarbon solvents or other, semi-volatile or norl-volatile 2C organic materials. Such contaminants may extend over large tracts of land and may directly or indirectly, such as through subseyuent contamination of an underlying aquifer, constitute an ex~reme threat of wildlife, vegetation vr human health. Conventional me'hods, such as land farming or those described above in connection with oil well sumps are similarly unsuitable.
The disposition of such sludges has always been a proble~.
With the increasing awareness of the undesirability of discharging such waste materials into the environment and the resulting governmental regulation of such discharges, the need for a convenient, harmless, and economical way of disposing of such sludges or converting them into a useful product is becoming increasingly apparent. A further incentive is provided by the capital investment and land required for the disposition of such sludges by conventional means, which often include large settling ponds or storage piles.
~ Another disposal problem relates to oil well sumps. Oil wel~
sumps are artificial pits used as dump sites for all kinds of liquid and viscous wastes. The physical consistency of the sump varies according to the random materials dumped. Typically, however, in the absence of a water layer, the consistency is pasty.
Inasmuch as sumps create traps for wild fowl, there is an increasing demand for elimination of sumps, especially those not being commercially used. In zddition, they are unsightly. The traditional treatment has been to dur,lp and mix dirt into the sump and thereby so~k up sufficient of the oil until the dirt-sump material can be r,~oved by conventional equipment. The mixture is then spread to dry. This'treatment has not been acceptable because the mixture bleeds oil and chemicals. Over the mont,hs and years this dirt-sump mixture oozes oil and becomes almost as objectionable as the original oil sump. This unsatisfactory type of treatment has called for an improved solution to the ecological problem of SUMp eliminatiOrl.
The increasing use of hydrophobic substances, e.g. oils and oily substances, as well as macromolecular substances especially, has created new problems which arise mainly out of the handling of these substances. Particularly, the use of old oil, heating oils, lubricating oils and diesel fuels often leads, either intentionally or through negligence, and often due to emergency situations, to dangerous contamination of the environment.
There are a number of methods for rendering such oils or oily substances which, in a single phase or in multiple phase systems, entail an endangerment of the environment harmless. For example, oil can be chen~ically reacted by being burned, for example, or biologically degraded. The combustion method used frequently in combatting oil damage results in considerable air pollution if the burning is performed in the open rather than in expensive combustion apparatus.
The use of adsorbents solves such problem only when the oil can be fixed with them in such a manner that it is chemically unaltered but is encapsulated or otherwise isolated or is accescible to bio~ogical degradation and no longer contsitutes any danger to the environment. With the known adsorptive agents, e.g.
active charcoal, kieselguhr or bentonite, waste oil, for example, can be adsorptively bound only with difficult~. Large amounts of oil may cement the adsorptive agent, especially in the case of high-viscosity oils, making further processing difficult.
It has furthermore been proposed in various ways to treat porous mineral substances with hydrophobic substances for the purpose of improving their adsorptive characteristics. In this manner hydrophobic waste substances can be preferentially bound, while the water is no longer primarily absorbed. In such adsorptive agents, e.g. hydrophobized pearlite, however, the absorptive capacity is greatly reduced, since the mineral starting material is partially sealed by surface treatment with hydrophobizing substances, so that the inner cavities are no longer accessible.
It is particularly important that the substances which are adsorptively bound by the known processes are so fixed on the adsorptive agent that they no longer constitute any danger to the environment.
In addition to the general, mainly unsatisfactory procedures for the problems of disposal of such wastes discussed above, the patent ~iterature has purported to provide solutions to these problems. For example, one solution to the problem was said to be provided in U.S. Patent No. 3,720,609, patented March 13, 1973 by C. L. Smith et al. That patent provided a procedure whereby waste sludyes containing small amounts of certain types of reactive materials were treated by adding, to such sludges, materials capable of producing aluminum ions, lime and/or sulfate bearing 2057~8 compounds to produce a composition having a sufficient concentration of sulfate ions, aluminum ions and equivalents thereof, and calcium ions and equivalents thereof. Over a period of time such compositions hardened by the formation of calcium sulfo-aluminate hydrates.
Another solution to the problem was said to be provided in U.S. Patent No. 4,028,240 patented June 7, 1977 by F. Marchak Jr.
That patent provided a procedure whereby lime, preferably as calcium oxide, was mixed with the contents of sumps, such as oil well sumps, and these generally have a pasty or plastic consistency. The calcium oxide reacted with the materials present and also dehydrated the contents of the sump, causing the sump contents to stiffen.
Yet another solution to this problem was said to be achieved in ~.S. Patent No. 4,01&,679 patented April 19, 1977 by F. Bolsing.
That patent provided a method for rendering an oil waste material harmless by mixing an alkaline earth metal oxide with a surface active agent which delayed reaction between t,he alkaline earth metal oxide and water, combining the mixture with oily material, ~0 e.g. a sludge or an oil contaminated soil, and reacting the alkaline earth metal oxide charged with the waste material with approximately the stoichiometric amount of water to convert the alkaline earth metal oxide to the hydroxide. The alkaline earth r.letal oxide was preferably calciurl~ oxide and advantageously it was also mixed with a hydlul)hobizing agent prior to mixture with the oily waste m~t~ri~l In the patent to Bolsing described above, the composition used was preferably ~r~a~d by blending lime with a solid fatty acid (in particular, a commercial grade of stearic acid commonly called stearin) by slowly adding the acid to coarse lime as 5it was subjected to the process of fine-grin-ling. The purpose of this operation was to render the lime hydrophobic, thereby delaying its hydration reaction with water and ing it to be inl;",~t~ly mixed with co,~ ~ soil by m~h~nic~l means.
Subsequent hydration then resulted in an extremely fine and uniform dispersion of the conta",i~ , hydrated lime and soil. In practice, however, the purpose of that 10invention was not always achieved to its optimum.
Accordingly, an object of a principal aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel hydrophobizing agent which effectively inhibits lime hydration until the lime-water Illi~c~ure is me~h~ni~lly blended through vigorous stirring, thenallowed to remain e~nti~lly lln~ rbed at which time reaction occurs at a high rate.
15An object of another aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel co"~osi~ion for r~n-iering waste substances harmless which incll1des such novel hydrophobizing agent therein.
The present invention, in one of its broad ~pect~, provides a hydrophobizing agent which comprises a liquid blend of a Il~ ule of liquid salul~ted fatty acids 20having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a "~ ult; of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
By one variant thereof the liquid Ill~lure of fatty acids comprises a prepo~er~nt amount of caprylic acid and capric acid.
~o~7 21 B
By another variant thereof, the liquid ~ ule of fatty acids comprises caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid.
By yet another variant thereof, the "~Llu~ of glycerides is selected from the group con.eisting of coconu~ oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil. By one variation of that variant, the glyceride mixture sele~ted is coconut oil, the composition of which comprises the glyceride of lauric acid, with appleciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids. By another variation of that variant, the glyceride mixture s~l~cted is b~h~c~l oil, the composition of the acids of whichcompricç~C caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid and oleic acid. By yet another variation of that variant, the glyceride IllLClul~ selected is palm kernel oil, the composition of the acids of which comprices caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
By another variant thereof, the ratio of the Illi~lul~ of fatty acids to the Illib~lul~ of glycerides by weight is 90:10 to 65:35.
By a specific aspect of this invention, a hydrophobizing agent is provided comprising a blend which is liquid at room lelllpt;ldlul~ and is readily-atomizable, the blend comprising: a) a IllibLlul~ of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconul oil.
By one variation thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight is 73:27.
By another variant thereof, the general colllposition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
A
2 oS~
-By still another variant thereof, the composition of fatty acids in the cocollu oil comprices lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7%, stearic acid, <3%, and other lower molecul~r weight fatty acids, ~15%.
By another aspect of this invention, a composition is provided for r~nd.orin~
S a waste substance harmless, the composition comrricing: A) a hydrophobizing agent compricing a blend which is liquid at room telll~ldlulc and is readily atomizable, the blend comprising: a) a Illi~Ul~ of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a ll~ixlu~e of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the hydrophobizing agent being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
By a variant thereof, the amount of A) is from 0.5 % to 2.5 % by weight of the co",posilion; e.g., where the amount of A) is 1.0%.
By another variant thereof, the size of the finely-divided lime is from minus 10 mesh to submicron size.
By variants of this aspect of the invention, the hydrophobizing agent 15 comrrices: a) a ll~lure of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a Illixlu~e of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; or where a) comrri.cec a preponderant amount of caprylic acid and capric acid; or where a) comrricec caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid, or where b) comrrices the group conci.cting of coconul oil, b~h~csll oil and palm kernel oil; or 20 where b) comprice~C the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, p~lmitic and oleic acids; or where b) comprises caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid and oleic acid; or where b) comprises caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
~,o~
By another variant thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight of the hydrophobizing agent is 90:10 to 65:35.
By another aspect of this invention, a co~lposi~ion is provided for rendering a waste substance harmless, the co.llposiLion compri.~ing: A) a hydrophobizing agent 5 comrri~ing a blend which is liquid at room t~ ll~ and is readily atomizable, the blend compri~ing: a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil, the blend being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
By a variant thereof, the amount of A) is sllffiçient fully to coat the finely-ground lime.
By another variant thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight in the hydrophobizing agent is 73:27.
By another variant thereof, the general cGIllposilion of fatty acids in the coconut oil compri~Ps caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
By yet another variant thereof, the colllpo~iLion of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7%, stearic acid, < 3 %, and other lower molecular weight fatty acids, > 15%.
By yet another aspect of this invention, a method is provided for forming a co.,lposiLion for rendering a waste substance harmless comprising feeding the hydrophobizing agent which comprises a liquid blend of a Illi~Lule of liquid s~lll,t,t~
fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a Ini~lul~ of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, which is liquid at room t~ dlure and is readily atomizable, to a spray nozzle, and spraying such hydrophobizing agent into a rising air stream carrying fine lime particles.
9a By one variant thereof, the plC;s~ulc gradient across said spray nozzle is from 10 psig to 30 psig.
By yet another variant thereof, the air flow velocity is within the range of S0 5 ft/sec. to 100 ft/sec.
In general terms, then, by broad aspects of the present invention, a novel hydrophobizing agent has been provided which comprises a liquid blend of certain liquid sdtuldted fatty acids and certain glycerides of fatty acids, e.g. coconut oil. The resulting blend is a liquid at room telll~ldlul~ and is easily atomizable, thereby 10 allowing it to be very easily and ullirorlllly combined with the fine-ground lime. This procedure is accomplished with the aid of a spray nozzle which introduces the hydrophobizing agent into a rising air stream carrying the fine lime particles.
The chief co~ ;L"erlt~ of coconut oil are the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids.
15 The general co.~posiLion of fatty acids in coconut oil is as follows: caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0 and linoleic, 2.5.
In one plerellcd coconut oil, the a~plo~i-,-aLe composition of the fatty acids is as follows: lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 20 7%, stearic acid, <3% and other (lower molecul~r weight fatty acids), < 15%.
The app~ late colll~o~iLion of fatty acids in b~h~c~ oil is as follows:
caprylic, 6.5, capric, 2.7, lauric, 45.8, myristic, 19.9, p~lmitic~ 6.9, and oleic, 18.1.
The approximate co~--po~ition of fatty acids in palm kernel oil is as follows:
caprylic, 3.0, capric, 3.0, lauric, 52.0, myristic, 15.0, palmitic, 7.5, stearic, 2.5, oleic, 16.0, and linoleic, 1Ø
~51'L1 8 9b A most p~f~l.,d liquid fatty acid ~ u~, is that known by the trade-mark INDUSI~ENE~, 365 of Hunko Products Division, National Dairy Products Col~ldtion. An espe~i~lly plef~lled coconul oil is that known by the trade-mark VICTORYTM 76 of Bareco Division, Petrolite Corp.
EXAMPLES
Various blends of INDUSTRENE~" 365 and COCOIlu~ oil, l~nginp: from 88.9 %
to 66.7% INDUSTRENE~ 365, and the balance VICTORYTM 76 were evaluated in terms of their hydrophobizing/hydration-delaying capability. On the basis of this inVçsti~tion~ it was deL~ ed that the most effic~t~ious composition of the finalagent blend should be:
1. 73% INDUSI~, 365.
and 2. 27% VICTORY~M 76.
The desired ~.h~r~teri~tic of the hydlo~hobizing agent is that it virtually inhibit the lime hydration until the lime-water Ill~b~Lu~e iS ~PI'h~n;~11Y blended with a cont~-"in~ed soil or other gr~n~ r m~tt~.ri~l with the aid of vigorous s~rring then allowed to remain un~ rbed, at which time the reaction should occur at a high rate as in~ t~ by a rapid and extensive rise in ~ ,. This behaviour is seen to be o~Lilllulll when the concentration of the hydrophobizing agent in the treated lime is _ ~
_~~~
within the range of 0.5~ and 2.5~, with the optimum performance noted at approximately 1.0%. It is possible that other blends of oil and fatty acids would perform equally well. For example, blends of liquid fatty acids with babassu oil or with palm kernel oil may be useful.
Moreover, a number of solid and liquid fatty acid agents have been tested and were found to be considerably less satisfactory.
Included amongst the liquids examined and found to be less satisfactory were the following, also identified by their trade-r,~arks:
1. Shell ROTELLA 10W~;
2. Shell VITRE A~;
-By still another variant thereof, the composition of fatty acids in the cocollu oil comprices lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7%, stearic acid, <3%, and other lower molecul~r weight fatty acids, ~15%.
By another aspect of this invention, a composition is provided for r~nd.orin~
S a waste substance harmless, the composition comrricing: A) a hydrophobizing agent compricing a blend which is liquid at room telll~ldlulc and is readily atomizable, the blend comprising: a) a Illi~Ul~ of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a ll~ixlu~e of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the hydrophobizing agent being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
By a variant thereof, the amount of A) is from 0.5 % to 2.5 % by weight of the co",posilion; e.g., where the amount of A) is 1.0%.
By another variant thereof, the size of the finely-divided lime is from minus 10 mesh to submicron size.
By variants of this aspect of the invention, the hydrophobizing agent 15 comrrices: a) a ll~lure of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a Illixlu~e of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; or where a) comrri.cec a preponderant amount of caprylic acid and capric acid; or where a) comrricec caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid, or where b) comrrices the group conci.cting of coconul oil, b~h~csll oil and palm kernel oil; or 20 where b) comprice~C the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, p~lmitic and oleic acids; or where b) comprises caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, p~lmitic acid and oleic acid; or where b) comprises caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
~,o~
By another variant thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight of the hydrophobizing agent is 90:10 to 65:35.
By another aspect of this invention, a co~lposi~ion is provided for rendering a waste substance harmless, the co.llposiLion compri.~ing: A) a hydrophobizing agent 5 comrri~ing a blend which is liquid at room t~ ll~ and is readily atomizable, the blend compri~ing: a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil, the blend being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
By a variant thereof, the amount of A) is sllffiçient fully to coat the finely-ground lime.
By another variant thereof, the ratio of a) to b) by weight in the hydrophobizing agent is 73:27.
By another variant thereof, the general cGIllposilion of fatty acids in the coconut oil compri~Ps caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
By yet another variant thereof, the colllpo~iLion of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7%, stearic acid, < 3 %, and other lower molecular weight fatty acids, > 15%.
By yet another aspect of this invention, a method is provided for forming a co.,lposiLion for rendering a waste substance harmless comprising feeding the hydrophobizing agent which comprises a liquid blend of a Illi~Lule of liquid s~lll,t,t~
fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a Ini~lul~ of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, which is liquid at room t~ dlure and is readily atomizable, to a spray nozzle, and spraying such hydrophobizing agent into a rising air stream carrying fine lime particles.
9a By one variant thereof, the plC;s~ulc gradient across said spray nozzle is from 10 psig to 30 psig.
By yet another variant thereof, the air flow velocity is within the range of S0 5 ft/sec. to 100 ft/sec.
In general terms, then, by broad aspects of the present invention, a novel hydrophobizing agent has been provided which comprises a liquid blend of certain liquid sdtuldted fatty acids and certain glycerides of fatty acids, e.g. coconut oil. The resulting blend is a liquid at room telll~ldlul~ and is easily atomizable, thereby 10 allowing it to be very easily and ullirorlllly combined with the fine-ground lime. This procedure is accomplished with the aid of a spray nozzle which introduces the hydrophobizing agent into a rising air stream carrying the fine lime particles.
The chief co~ ;L"erlt~ of coconut oil are the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids.
15 The general co.~posiLion of fatty acids in coconut oil is as follows: caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, p~lmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0 and linoleic, 2.5.
In one plerellcd coconut oil, the a~plo~i-,-aLe composition of the fatty acids is as follows: lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, p~lmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 20 7%, stearic acid, <3% and other (lower molecul~r weight fatty acids), < 15%.
The app~ late colll~o~iLion of fatty acids in b~h~c~ oil is as follows:
caprylic, 6.5, capric, 2.7, lauric, 45.8, myristic, 19.9, p~lmitic~ 6.9, and oleic, 18.1.
The approximate co~--po~ition of fatty acids in palm kernel oil is as follows:
caprylic, 3.0, capric, 3.0, lauric, 52.0, myristic, 15.0, palmitic, 7.5, stearic, 2.5, oleic, 16.0, and linoleic, 1Ø
~51'L1 8 9b A most p~f~l.,d liquid fatty acid ~ u~, is that known by the trade-mark INDUSI~ENE~, 365 of Hunko Products Division, National Dairy Products Col~ldtion. An espe~i~lly plef~lled coconul oil is that known by the trade-mark VICTORYTM 76 of Bareco Division, Petrolite Corp.
EXAMPLES
Various blends of INDUSTRENE~" 365 and COCOIlu~ oil, l~nginp: from 88.9 %
to 66.7% INDUSTRENE~ 365, and the balance VICTORYTM 76 were evaluated in terms of their hydrophobizing/hydration-delaying capability. On the basis of this inVçsti~tion~ it was deL~ ed that the most effic~t~ious composition of the finalagent blend should be:
1. 73% INDUSI~, 365.
and 2. 27% VICTORY~M 76.
The desired ~.h~r~teri~tic of the hydlo~hobizing agent is that it virtually inhibit the lime hydration until the lime-water Ill~b~Lu~e iS ~PI'h~n;~11Y blended with a cont~-"in~ed soil or other gr~n~ r m~tt~.ri~l with the aid of vigorous s~rring then allowed to remain un~ rbed, at which time the reaction should occur at a high rate as in~ t~ by a rapid and extensive rise in ~ ,. This behaviour is seen to be o~Lilllulll when the concentration of the hydrophobizing agent in the treated lime is _ ~
_~~~
within the range of 0.5~ and 2.5~, with the optimum performance noted at approximately 1.0%. It is possible that other blends of oil and fatty acids would perform equally well. For example, blends of liquid fatty acids with babassu oil or with palm kernel oil may be useful.
Moreover, a number of solid and liquid fatty acid agents have been tested and were found to be considerably less satisfactory.
Included amongst the liquids examined and found to be less satisfactory were the following, also identified by their trade-r,~arks:
1. Shell ROTELLA 10W~;
2. Shell VITRE A~;
3. Esso HDX 10W;
4. Mineral Oil;
and 5. INDUSTRENE 106~;
The solid additives examined and found to be less satisfactory were -~ - the following:
1. Calcium Stearate;
2. Rubber Grade Stearic Acid;
3. Single Pressed Stearic Acid;
4. Neutral 60 (60% to 100% Stearic Acid);
and 5. INDUSTRENE 106~;
The solid additives examined and found to be less satisfactory were -~ - the following:
1. Calcium Stearate;
2. Rubber Grade Stearic Acid;
3. Single Pressed Stearic Acid;
4. Neutral 60 (60% to 100% Stearic Acid);
5. Tallow;
6. Cottonseed Oil;
7. Soybean Oil;
20~7278 8. INDUSTRENE B~;
and 9. INDUSTRENE 143~;
In virtually all cases, the blended product was not a clear, stable readily-atomizable liquid at room temperatures. One combination, INDUSTRENE 106~ plus coconut oil, though a quite atomizable liquid, did not provide as effective a lime-treating agent as did the blend of the present invention.
The hydrophobizing agent of the present invention also acts as an activator/initiator in a method for rendering waste substances 10 harr.lless.
In such novel method, at some point during the lime hydration reaction, the present hydrophobizing agent begins to react with, or in the presence of, the lime. Coupled with its destruction is the release of sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the mass significantly above 100C, the boiling point of water. At this temperature, hydration, which clearly involves water as a reactant, must soon cease. This behaviour of the hydrophobizing agent as an activator/initiator contributes to the chemical destruction of the oils and other organics originally present in the waste and is a vital mechanism in the operation of the above-described novel method.
20~7278 8. INDUSTRENE B~;
and 9. INDUSTRENE 143~;
In virtually all cases, the blended product was not a clear, stable readily-atomizable liquid at room temperatures. One combination, INDUSTRENE 106~ plus coconut oil, though a quite atomizable liquid, did not provide as effective a lime-treating agent as did the blend of the present invention.
The hydrophobizing agent of the present invention also acts as an activator/initiator in a method for rendering waste substances 10 harr.lless.
In such novel method, at some point during the lime hydration reaction, the present hydrophobizing agent begins to react with, or in the presence of, the lime. Coupled with its destruction is the release of sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the mass significantly above 100C, the boiling point of water. At this temperature, hydration, which clearly involves water as a reactant, must soon cease. This behaviour of the hydrophobizing agent as an activator/initiator contributes to the chemical destruction of the oils and other organics originally present in the waste and is a vital mechanism in the operation of the above-described novel method.
Claims (31)
1. A hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is a liquid at room temperature and is readily-atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a mixture of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) a mixture of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
2. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 1 wherein the liquid mixture a) comprises a preponderant amount of caprylic acid and capric acid.
3. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 1 wherein said liquid mixture a) comprises caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid.
4. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 1 wherein said mixture of glycerides is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil.
5. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 4 wherein said glyceride mixture selected is coconul oil, the composition of which comprises: the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids.
6. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 4 wherein said glyceride mixture selected is babassu oil, the composition of the acids of which comprises: caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid.
7. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 4 wherein said glyceride mixture selected is palm kernel oil, the composition of the acids of which comprises: caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
8. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 1, or claim 2, or claim 4 wherein the ratio of a) to b) by weight is 90:10 to 65:35.
9. A hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is liquid at room temperature and is readily-atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil.
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil.
10. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 9 wherein the ratio of a) to b) by weight is 73:27.
11. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 9, or claim 10 wherein said glyceride mixture selected is coconut oil, the general composition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprising: caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, palmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
12. The hydrophobizing agent of claim 9, or claim 10 wherein said glyceride selected is coconut oil, the general composition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprising: lauric acid, 47 %, myristic acid, 19%, palmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7 % , stearic acid, < 3 %, and other lower molecular weight fatty acids, > 15%.
13. A composition for rendering a waste substance harmless comprising:
A) a hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is liquid at room temperature and is readily atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and
A) a hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is liquid at room temperature and is readily atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and
14 b) a mixture of glycerides of fatty acids having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms; said blend being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein the amount of A) is from 0.5%
to 2.5% by weight of the composition.
14. The composition of claim 13 wherein the amount of A) is from 0.5%
to 2.5% by weight of the composition.
15. The composition of claim 13 wherein the amount of A) is 1.0%.
16. The composition of claim 14 wherein the size of the finely-divided lime is from minus 10 mesh to submicron size.
17. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture a) in said hydrophobizing agent comprises a preponderant amount of caprylic acid and capric acid.
18. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture a) in said hydrophobizing agent comprises: caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid.
19. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture b) in said hydrophobizing agent comprises said mixture of glycerides is selected from the group consisting of coconul oil, babassu oil and palm kernel oil.
20. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture b) in said hydrohobizing agent comprises the glyceride of lauric acid, with appreciable amounts of the glycerides of capric, myristic, palmitic and oleic acids.
21. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture a) in said hydrophobizing agent comprises: caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid.
22. The composition of claim 13 wherein said mixture a) in said hydrophobizing agent comprises: caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
23. The composition of claim 13 wherein the ratio of a) to b) by weight of said hydrophobizing agent is 90:10 to 65:35.
24. A composition for rendering a waste substance harmless comprising:
A) a hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is liquid at room temperature and is readily atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil; said blend being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
A) a hydrophobizing agent comprising a blend which is liquid at room temperature and is readily atomizable, said blend comprising:
a) a mixture of liquid fatty acids having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; and b) coconut oil; said blend being coated on B) finely-ground lime.
25. The composition of claim 26 wherein the amount of A) is sufficient fully to coat the finely-ground lime.
26. The composition of claim 25 wherein the ratio of a) to b) by weight of said hydrophobizing agent is 73:27.
27. The composition of claim 24 wherein the general composition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises: caprylic, 8.0, capric, 7.0, lauric, 48.0, myristic, 17.5, palmitic, 8.2, stearic, 2.0, oleic, 6.0, and linoleic, 2.5.
28. The composition of claim 24 wherein the composition of fatty acids in the coconut oil comprises: lauric acid, 47%, myristic acid, 19%, palmitic acid, 9%, oleic acid, 7%, stearic acid, <3%, and other lower molecular weight fatty acids, >15%.
29. A method of providing a composition for rendering a waste substance harmless comprising feeding the hydrophobizing agent of claim 1, which is liquid at room temperature and is readily atomizable, to a spray nozzle; and spraying such hydrophobizing agent into a rising air stream carrying fine lime particles.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein the pressure gradient across said spray nozzle is from 10 psig to 30 psig.
31. The method of claim 29, or claim 30 wherein the air flow velocity is within the range of 50 ft/sec. to 100 ft/sec.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2057278 CA2057278A1 (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1991-12-09 | Composition for rendering waste substances harmless |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2057278 CA2057278A1 (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1991-12-09 | Composition for rendering waste substances harmless |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2057278A1 true CA2057278A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
Family
ID=4148888
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2057278 Abandoned CA2057278A1 (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1991-12-09 | Composition for rendering waste substances harmless |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2057278A1 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-12-09 CA CA 2057278 patent/CA2057278A1/en not_active Abandoned
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