CA2056979C - Process for the preparation of ketone compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved, large scale process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) (see fig. I) wherein R is halogen atom or hydroxyl, R2 is hydrogen atom or hydroxyl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms.

Description

205697~
Improved process for the preparation of ketone compounds Field of the invention ,! The invention relates to an improved, large scale process for the preparation of ketones of formula (I) lo ~F - C~2 ~ ( ) wherein R is halogen atom or hydroxyl, R is hydrogen atom or hydroxyl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen atom or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, and Background of the invention It is known that the ketones of formula (I) can be used as intermediates for the preparation of isoflavone 69514-77 OE/Hoj 20~97~

derivatives (see e.g. HU PS No. 163,515) as well as anabolics since they effect the metabolism.
Out of industrial point of view those processes are - the most advantageous wherein resorcinol is used as starting material, e.g. the desired product may be obtained according to the Houben-Hoesch reaction, wherein the resorcinol is reacted in anhydrous medium with benzyl cyanide in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride gas and anhydrous tin chloride (see e.g. J. Chem. Soc. /1923/, 404 and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 48, /1926/, 791). The yield in this reaction is 50% and the drawback of this process is that the hydrolysis of the "ketimine" derivate intermed-iate is a very corrosive procedure.
Alternatively 2-hydroxy-4-n-butoxy-phenyl-benzyl ketone or 4-hydroxy-2-n-butoxy-phenyl-benzyl ketone may be obtained when reacting the mono-n-butyl ether of resorcinol with phenyl-acetyl- chloride in the presence of pyridine, then removing pyridine by distillation, dissolving the residue in ether, extracting the solution with hydrogen chloride several times, removing the ether by distillation, thereafter treating the l-phenyl-acetyl-oxy-4-n-butyloxy-phenol thus obtained in nitrobenzene with aluminium chloride and steam distilling the mixture thus obtained (see Example 7 of HU PS No. 168,744). The starting material of the first step, i.e. the mono-n--butyl ether of resorcinol, can be obtained e.g. when reacting resorcinol with n-butyl bromide in the presence of dimethyl formamide. Regarding that from resorcinol -3- 23~97~

diether derivatives may also be formed, in order to obtain an end product of good quality the monoethers have to be purified before the second reaction step.
- The analogous phenol compound can be prepared by the known, so called Bouveault reaction too, wherein 2 moles of anhyrous aluminium chloride are reacted with phenol.
In the first step of this reaction phenoxy-aluminium di-chloride forms while hydrogen chloride gas is released.
In the second reaction step said phenoxy-aluminium di-chloride is then reacted with the acid chloridederivative in the presence of a further mole of aluminium chloride (Olah, Gy:Friedel Crafts and related reactions, Vol. I, page 97, 1963).
The drawbacks of these known processes are as follows:
- the reaction procedure itself and the technology too, are rather difficult, - large amount of aluminium chloride (2 moles) is required, - the released hydrogen chloride is corrosive.

Summary of the invention The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ketones of formula (I) and salts thereof 205697~

,~f--CH2 ~S

wherein R, R , R , R , R are the same as mentioned above wherein phenols of formula (II) R~OH

~ (II) are reacted with acid chlorldes of the formula (IV) ~ ~ .CH2COCt (IV) such as phenyl acetyl chloride, in the presence of inert, anhydrous organic solvent and anhydrous aluminium chloride by method known per se, the mixture thus obtained is decomposed with an aqueous acid solution and the phases obtained are separated, characterized by reacting said phenol derivative with 1 mole aluminium chloride - calculated for the phenol derivative - at a temperature between 0~C and 45~C, preferably ;
~ 23305-1198 ,.

between 0~C and 40~C in the presence of halogenated hydrocarbon, preferably dichloro ethane, thereafter reacting the complex of the formula (III) thus obtained R

~ ~ICI~ (III) _ with an acid chloride of the formula (IV) ~3 R~ ~ CH2COCI (IV) preferably in the presence of the solvent used prevlously at a temperature ranging from 10~C to 60~C, preferably 20~C to 50~C
thereafter adding an aqueous acid solution to the mixture thus obtained, separating the phases and recovering the desired ketone compound from the organic layer.
Detailed descriPtion of the invention We have surprisingly recognized that when reacting e.g. resorcinol with 1 mole of anhydrous aluminium chloride, -~~ 23305-1198 2(j~979 without hydrogen chloride formation a hydrogen-aluminium--trichloro-3-hydroxy phenolate (further "complex") is obtained, which dissolves in the used reaction medium.
This complex is very active and it is able to react with the acide chloride without adding additional aluminium chloride.
The presently claimed process is based on the above recognition and phenol derivatives of formula (II) are used as starting material.
In the process according to the invention halogenat-ed hydrocarbons, preferably dichloro ethane, are used as solvent in 3-10-fold excess. The reaction temperature depends on the used starting material, in case of resorcinol and dichloro ethane the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 10~ to 25~C.
The reaction of the complex with the acid chloride can be carried out by adding the aromatic acid chloride or the solution thereof to the solution or to the suspension of the complex or alternatively the solution or suspension of the complex is added to the acid chloride or to the solution of same.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention the preparation of the complex and the subsequent reaction steps are carried out in the same aprotic solvent, preferably in halogenated hydrocarbons.
Another important recognition of the present inven-tion enables the pure isolation of the desired product.
We have found that the ketones of the formula (I), _7_ 2056q7q which are obtained from the resorcinol derivatives of the formula (V) ~ (V) OH

- wherein R6 is hydrogen atom or hydroxyl -Gan react with potassium carbonate to form the double salts of formula (VI) KO
\~ OH R

R~ C--CH2~ ~ KHC03 - ~herein R3, R4 and R6 are the same as mentioned above -which are not soluble in aprotic solvents. So, accord-ing to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the present invention, the product is isolated (e.g.
separated by filtration) in the form of this salt and so can selectively be separated from the side products or other accompanying materials being present or are formed in the reaction mixture. The ketone of formula (I) can be obtained from the double salt of formula (VI) after dissolving it in water or aqueous alcohol and acidlfying the solution thus 8 20~9~

obtained to pH=3.5-4.5.
The above mentioned step is especially preferred if the starting resorcinol or acide chloride are not sufficiently pure. When pure starting material is used, ketones of appropriate quality can be obtained by the optional removal of the solvent of the organic layer and by recrystallization, preferably from toluene, of the residue.
The advantages of the present invention are e.g. as follows:
- the synthesis can be carried out without the separat-ion of the intermediates, especially without the preparation of the mono-n-butyl ether of resorcinol and without the use of nitromethane, nitrobenzene or ether solvents, - the amount of the aluminium chloride is decreased to the half of the amount used in the known processes, - the considerable corrosion of the Houben-Hoesch method can be eliminated, - the yield amounts to 82-85%, which is substantially higher than that of any known method, - the quality of the product is very good.
The process according to the invention is illustrat-ed in detail by the following Examples.

Example 1 55 9 (0.5 mole) of resorcinol were suspended in 250 ml of dichloro ethane and at 20~C 67 9 (0.502 mole) of _9_ 2~97~

anhydrous aluminium chloride were added. To the obtained homogeneous dark solution, containing the hydro-gen-aluminium-trichloro-3-hydroxy-phenolate, 77.2 9 (0.5 mole) of phenyl-acetyl chloride in 100 ml of dichloro ethane were added over one hour while the temperature raised to 35-40~C. The reaction mixture was stirred for one hour, the solution thus obtained was added to an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the two layers were separated, the organic layer was washed with water to neutral, the solvent was distilled off and the residue was optionally crystallized from toluene. 96.9 9 of 2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl--ketone were obtained, m.p.: 112-114~C, yield: 85%. After an optional recrystallization from toluene the melting point was 113-114~C. Elemental analysis f~rC14H12~3 ~w: 228):
Calculated: C%: 73.68, H%: 5.26 Found: C%: 73.6, H%: 5.3 NMR spectrum (Bruker WP 80 spectrometer, in DMS0-D6 solvent, TMS internal standard):
lH

6 C-H 7.90 ppm /d/ 3J-9Hz 5 C-H 6.37 ppm /dd/

3 C-H 6.25 ppm /d/ 4J-2Hz 13c 4-C 165.1 ppm 20~97~3 Example 2 The procedure described in Example 1 was followed.
~ After separating the two phase mixture, the organic layer was washed to neutral with water, the dichloro ethane layer was separated and 69 9 (0.5 mole) of anhydrous potassium carbonate were added. From the reaction mixture the precipitated 2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl--ketone-potassium-potassium hydrogencarbonate double salt (C14H1103K.KHC03) was separated by filtration (166 g))was dissolved in methanol:water=1:3 and the solution thus obtained was acidified (pH=4) with 33% acetic acid. The precipitated product was filtered and after drying 96.2 9 of 2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained, m.p.
113-114C.The quality of the product thus obtained was identical with the product of Example 1 obtained after recrystallization. The melting point of a mixture (1:1) did not show depression.

Ele ental analysis for C14H1103K.KHC03 ~ 366):
Calculated: C%: 49.18, H%: 3.27, Found: C%: 49.6 H%: 3.32 NMR spectrum:

lH

6 C-H 7.63 ppm /d/ 3J=9Hz 5 C-H 6.00 ppm /dd/
3 C-H 5.78 ppm /d/ 4J=2Hz -1 1 - 2 ~
-4-C 174.2 ppm (The potassium salt in the double salt of 2,4-- -dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl ketone appears in the 4--position).

Example 3 64.25 9 (0.5 mole) of 2-chlorophenol were dissolved in 200 ml of dichloro ethane and 67 9 (0.5 mole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added to the solution.
Thereafter 77.2 9 (0.5 mole) of phenyl-acetyl chloride in 100 ml of dichloro ethane were added over 1 hour under stirring while the reaction temperature raised from 15--20~C to 35-40~C. After a one-hour stirring the reaction mixture was admixed with aqueous hydrogen chloride, the two-phase mixture was separated, the organic layer was washed with water to neutral and the solvent was removed.
106.1 9 of 2-hydroxy-3-chloro-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained, m.p.: 62-64~C. After a recrytallization from aqueous isopropanol (1:2), m.p. 63-67~C.
Elemental analysis for C14H11C102 ~w:246.5):
Calculated: C%: 68.15, H%: 4.46, C1%: 14.40 Found: C%: 68.55, H%: 4.70, C1%: 14.00 Example 4 22 9 (0.2 mole) of hydroquinone were dissolved in 60 ml of dichloro ethane and 26.8 9 (0.2 mole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added to the solution. To the obtained complex 30.8 9 (0.2 mole) of phenyl-acetyl ~ -12- 20~7~

chloride in 30 ml of dichloro ethane were added. Further the procedure of Example 1 was followed. lO.1 9 of 2,5-~ -dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained, m.p.: 118--120~C.
Elemental analysis for C14H12C3 ~w: 228):
Calculated: C%: 73.6B, H%: 5.26 Found: C%: 73.62, H%: 5.58 Exapmle 5 24.7 9 (0.196 mole) of floroglucinol were dissolved in 70 ml of dichloro ethane and 26.6 9 (0.2 mole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added to the solution.
To the obtained complex 30.1 9 (0.196 mole) phenyl--acetyl-chloride in 30 ml of dichloro ethane were added.
Further the procedure of Example 1 was followed.
15 9 of 2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained, m.p.: 117-120~C.
Elemental analysis for Cl4H1204 (Mw: 244):
Calculated: C%: 6a.85, H%:4.92 Found: C%: 69.05, H%: 4.67 Example 6 120 kg (1.09 kmole) of resorcinol were suspended in 660 1 of dichloro ethane and 150 kg (1.12 kmole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added to the suspension while the temperature raised from 15~C to 25~C. The complex obtained dissolved in the reaction medium. 171 kg (1.10 kmole) of phenyl-acetyl chloride were added over a period of -13- ~6979 one hour while the temperature raised to 35-40~C. The mixture was stirred for one hour thereafter it was - admixed with diluted hydrogen chloride (the mixture of 300 1 of hydrogen chloride and 600 1 of water), and it was treated as described in the preceding Examples. The solvent was removed by distillation, the residue was re-crytallized from toluene, the product obtained was cent-rifuged and dried at 45-50~C. 205-210 kg of 2,4--dihydroxy-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained, yield 82--84.5%. Calculated amount: 248.5 kg. The physical data are identical with the data given in Example 1.

Example 7 27.5 9 (0.25 mole) of resorcinol were suspended in 150 ml of dichloro ethane and 33.5 9 (0.25 mole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added. To the solution containing the formed complex 42.9 9 (0.2 mole) crude 3,4-dimethyl-phenyl-acetyl-chloride in 50 ml of dichloro ethane were added and was stirred for 4 hours.
Thereafter the complex was decomposed by adding 1:1 aqueous hydrogen chloride, the dichloro ethane solution containing the desired product was washed with water, the solvent was removed and the residue was recrystallized from toluene. 45.9 9 product were obtained, m.p.: 171--173~C, yield 79.8%. Calculated amount: 57.6 9.
Elemental analysis for C16H1605 ~w: 288):
Calculated: C%: 66.66, H%: 4.17 Fcund: C%: 66.45, H%: 4.10 -14- 2Q~7~

The NMR spectrum proved the desired compound.
TLC:
Developing system: toluene/n-butyl acetate/acetic acid=8/2/1 Adsorbent: Kieselgel 60 F254 (Merck) Application: 0.2 9/10 ml dimethyl formamide-lOO~ug Front: 16 cm Development in UV-light, 254 nm Rf~J 0.6 Example 8 27.5 9 (0.25 mole) resorcinol were suspended in 150 ml of dichloro ethane and 33.5 9 (0.25 mole) of anhydrous aluminium chloride were added to it. To the solution containing the obtained "complex" 48.5 9 (0.2 mole) of 3,4-diethoxy-phenyl-benzyl-acetyl chloride in 5û ml of dichloro ethane were added. Therafter the procedure described in Example 7 was followed. 53.7 9 of 2,4-di-hydroxy-3',4'-diethoxy-phenyl-benzyl-ketone were obtained after a recrystallization from toluene, m.p.: 141-143~C.
Theoretical amount: 63.2 9. Yield 85%.
Elemental analysis for C18H2005:
Calculated: C%: 68.55, H%: 6.23 Found: C%: 68.35, H%: 6.29 The NMR data corresponds to the desired product.
TLC: (carried out as described in Example 7): Rf~ 0.7

Claims (9)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A process for preparing a ketone of formula (I) wherein R is halogen or hydroxyl, R2 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, R3 and R4 are hydrogen or alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, which process comprises reacting a complex of formula (III) wherein R and R2 are as defined above - with an acid chloride of formula (IV) wherein R3 and R4 are as defined above - in the presence of an inert solvent at a temperature of 10°-60°C, thereafter adding an aqueous acid solution to the reaction mixture, separating an organic layer and an aqueous layer and recovering the ketone from the organic layer by evaporating and recrystallizing residue from toluene.

2. A process according to claim 1 wherein said complex of formula III is obtained by reacting a compound of formula II

wherein R and R2 are as defined in claim 1, in an inert solvent with anhydrous aluminium chloride.

3. A process according to claim 2 wherein about 1 mole of said compound of formula (II) is reacted with about 1 mole of anhydrous aluminium chloride.

4. A process according to claim 2 or 3 wherein the inert solvent is a halogenated hydrocarbon.

5. A process according to claim 4 wherein the halogenated hydrocarbon is dichloroethane and the process is carried out at a temperature of 0°C to 45°C.

6. A process according to claim 1 wherein said compound of formula II is a resorcinol of formula (V) wherein R6 is hydrogen or hydroxyl.

7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the compound of formula (I) in the organic layer is purified further by reacting said organic layer with potassium carbonate and separating an insoluble double salt of formula (VI) wherein R3, R4 and R6 are as defined in claim 7, dissolving said insoluble double salt of formula (VI) and acidifying the resulting solution to a pH of 3.5 to 4.5 to precipitate said compound of formula (I).

8. A process according to claim 7 wherein said insoluble double salt of formula (VI) is dissolved in an aqueous alcohol solution.

9. A process according to claim 1 wherein said acid chloride of formula (IV) is phenyl acetyl chloride and the process is carried out at a temperature of 20°C to 50°C.