CA2056079C - Method for treating exhaust gas from light oil combustion and apparatus therefor - Google Patents
Method for treating exhaust gas from light oil combustion and apparatus thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA2056079C CA2056079C CA002056079A CA2056079A CA2056079C CA 2056079 C CA2056079 C CA 2056079C CA 002056079 A CA002056079 A CA 002056079A CA 2056079 A CA2056079 A CA 2056079A CA 2056079 C CA2056079 C CA 2056079C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- carbon
- exhaust gas
- pipe
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Abstract
An apparatus for removing SO2 and/or NO x from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil is provided herein. The apparatus includes a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air, and a screen portion fitted to the conduit across the conduit. The screen portion accommodates an activated carbon which comprises both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which includes crosslinking lattices in the gaps among carbon microcrystals. The activated carbon has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 .ANG., a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g. A first end of the screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated carbon thereinto. A second end of the screen portion is also open to the outside, and includes a means for discharging used activated carbon therefrom near the second end opening. Means are provided for controlling the feeding of the new activated carbon and the discharging of the used activated carbon by detecting the amount of the discharged used activated carbon.
Description
_ ~ ~ 5 6 0 7 9 This invention relates to an a~a,dtus and a method for treating an exhaust gas from an oil combustion appald~us, e.g., a light oil combustion apparatus. It also relates to a novel activated carbon and to the process for preparing such activated carbon.
Heretofore, exhaust gas from a light oil combustion appaldt~ls, for example, a diesel engine, has been treated by various methods. For example, a copper-typezeolite catalyst or an activated alumina catalyst was set in an exhaust gas-introducing pipe connected with a muffler so as to remove SO2 and NOX. However, the desired results are not generally always obtained.
Activated carbon is a porous carbonaceous substance having a large specific surface area and large adsorption ability and has a wide range of uses as an adsorbent for various purposes. Activated carbon can be used for adsorbing gases and vapours, recovering solvents, purifying gases, deodorizing gases, and contacting with liquids so as to treat water, and to decolorize or purify solutions. Further, activated carbon can be used as carriers for catalysts.
He~ ofole, activated carbon has been manufactured by treating wood or brown coal with an activating agent, e.g., zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and the like followed by dry ~i~till~tion, or by activating charcoal with steam. For example,charcoal, coconut husk, coal char and the like are sufficiently carbonized followed by a high te~p~ld~ulc; treatment by means of steam. The activated carbon may be activated by so~king in zinc chloride and c~lcin~tion at a high t~ peldtllre.
Activated carbon usually has specific surface area of 800 - 12 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.2 - 2 cm3/g and a pore size of 1 - 4 nm. Activated carbon is comprised mainly of carbon and small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen and inorganic components.
~.
~ 0 5 6 ~ 7 9 With respect to the chemical structure, activated carbon is mainly composed of amorphous graphite, and has functional groups, e.g., hydroxy groups, quinone groups, and the like, on the surface.
An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an appaldtus for 5 treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus to remove harmful components.
An object of another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus to remove harmful - components.
By a broad aspect of this invention, an apparatus is provided for removing SO2 and/or NOX from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil, which appa,dlus comprises: a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air; a screen portion fitted to the conduit across the conduit, the screen portion accommodating an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged 15 and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 A, a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g, wherein a first end of the screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated 20 carbon into the conduit, and a second end of the screen portion is also open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from the conduit near the second end opening; and means for controlling the feeding of the new activated carbon and the discharging of the used activated carbon dependent on detecting the amount of the discharged used activated carbon.
"~
~ ~) 5 6 0 7 9 By one variant thereof, the controlling means compnse a motorized conveyor for feeding the new activated carbon to the screen portion, a motorized rotary blade for discharging the used activated carbon to a chute which empties into a receiving box for receiving the used activated carbon, and a sensor for detecting when the 5 receiving box is full, the sensor being adapted to stop the conveyor and rotary blade when the receiving box is full.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes a new activated carbon supply reservoir for supplying new activated carbon to the controlling means motorized conveyor, the supplying reservoir being controlled by a rotary blade activated by a timer.
By variations thereof, the screen portion is removable; or the activated carbon is produced by the burning of waste tires.
By another aspect of this invention, an appal~L~Is is provided for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus, which apparatus comprises: a 15 muffler connected with the light oil combustion a~al~L~ls; an exhaust pipe containing an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-e~h~lsting pipe provided with multiple gas discharging small holes and a plurality of gas escape ports; a filter pipe, the filter pipe being composed of an inner layer filter pipe and an outer layer filter pipe, an activated carbon packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe and the outer 20 layer filter pipe, the activated carbon compri~ing both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-gld~hiLizable cros~linking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 A, a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g; a blind plate B~
~ ao5~79 blocking one end of the filter pipe; and the exhaust gas-inhroducing and exhaust gas-exh~ hng pipe being provided in the inner space of the inner layer filter pipe.
By a variant thereof, the exhaust gas inhroducing and exhaust gas-e~h~lshng pipe comprises: a pelr~,ldl~d pipe portion having multiple small holes for passing gas at the pipe wall and a rear end lid having multiple small holes for passing as; a pipe portion provided with a plurality of gas escape ports at the pipe wall near the end portion; and a blocking plate at the top end portion. By a variation thereof, the activated carbon is produced by burning waste tires.
By yet another aspect of this invention, a method is provided for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion a~p~d~ls, which method comprises:
adsorbing and removing harmful components in the exhaust gas with an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly-arranged and difficultly-gld~hi~izable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals, and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100 - 400 A, a specific surface area of 150 - 500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3 - 5.0 ml/g.
By another aspect of this invention, an activated carbon is provided for use in an dppald~l s for removing SO2 and/or NOX from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil which ~aldllls comprises (a) a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air, (b) a screen portion fitted to the conduit across the conduct, the screen portion accommodating the activated carbon, wherein a first end of the screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated carbon into the conduit, and a second end of the screen portion is also open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from the conduit near the second -Y
Heretofore, exhaust gas from a light oil combustion appaldt~ls, for example, a diesel engine, has been treated by various methods. For example, a copper-typezeolite catalyst or an activated alumina catalyst was set in an exhaust gas-introducing pipe connected with a muffler so as to remove SO2 and NOX. However, the desired results are not generally always obtained.
Activated carbon is a porous carbonaceous substance having a large specific surface area and large adsorption ability and has a wide range of uses as an adsorbent for various purposes. Activated carbon can be used for adsorbing gases and vapours, recovering solvents, purifying gases, deodorizing gases, and contacting with liquids so as to treat water, and to decolorize or purify solutions. Further, activated carbon can be used as carriers for catalysts.
He~ ofole, activated carbon has been manufactured by treating wood or brown coal with an activating agent, e.g., zinc chloride, phosphoric acid and the like followed by dry ~i~till~tion, or by activating charcoal with steam. For example,charcoal, coconut husk, coal char and the like are sufficiently carbonized followed by a high te~p~ld~ulc; treatment by means of steam. The activated carbon may be activated by so~king in zinc chloride and c~lcin~tion at a high t~ peldtllre.
Activated carbon usually has specific surface area of 800 - 12 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.2 - 2 cm3/g and a pore size of 1 - 4 nm. Activated carbon is comprised mainly of carbon and small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen and inorganic components.
~.
~ 0 5 6 ~ 7 9 With respect to the chemical structure, activated carbon is mainly composed of amorphous graphite, and has functional groups, e.g., hydroxy groups, quinone groups, and the like, on the surface.
An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an appaldtus for 5 treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus to remove harmful components.
An object of another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus to remove harmful - components.
By a broad aspect of this invention, an apparatus is provided for removing SO2 and/or NOX from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil, which appa,dlus comprises: a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air; a screen portion fitted to the conduit across the conduit, the screen portion accommodating an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged 15 and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 A, a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g, wherein a first end of the screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated 20 carbon into the conduit, and a second end of the screen portion is also open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from the conduit near the second end opening; and means for controlling the feeding of the new activated carbon and the discharging of the used activated carbon dependent on detecting the amount of the discharged used activated carbon.
"~
~ ~) 5 6 0 7 9 By one variant thereof, the controlling means compnse a motorized conveyor for feeding the new activated carbon to the screen portion, a motorized rotary blade for discharging the used activated carbon to a chute which empties into a receiving box for receiving the used activated carbon, and a sensor for detecting when the 5 receiving box is full, the sensor being adapted to stop the conveyor and rotary blade when the receiving box is full.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes a new activated carbon supply reservoir for supplying new activated carbon to the controlling means motorized conveyor, the supplying reservoir being controlled by a rotary blade activated by a timer.
By variations thereof, the screen portion is removable; or the activated carbon is produced by the burning of waste tires.
By another aspect of this invention, an appal~L~Is is provided for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus, which apparatus comprises: a 15 muffler connected with the light oil combustion a~al~L~ls; an exhaust pipe containing an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-e~h~lsting pipe provided with multiple gas discharging small holes and a plurality of gas escape ports; a filter pipe, the filter pipe being composed of an inner layer filter pipe and an outer layer filter pipe, an activated carbon packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe and the outer 20 layer filter pipe, the activated carbon compri~ing both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-gld~hiLizable cros~linking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 A, a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g; a blind plate B~
~ ao5~79 blocking one end of the filter pipe; and the exhaust gas-inhroducing and exhaust gas-exh~ hng pipe being provided in the inner space of the inner layer filter pipe.
By a variant thereof, the exhaust gas inhroducing and exhaust gas-e~h~lshng pipe comprises: a pelr~,ldl~d pipe portion having multiple small holes for passing gas at the pipe wall and a rear end lid having multiple small holes for passing as; a pipe portion provided with a plurality of gas escape ports at the pipe wall near the end portion; and a blocking plate at the top end portion. By a variation thereof, the activated carbon is produced by burning waste tires.
By yet another aspect of this invention, a method is provided for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion a~p~d~ls, which method comprises:
adsorbing and removing harmful components in the exhaust gas with an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly-arranged and difficultly-gld~hi~izable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals, and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100 - 400 A, a specific surface area of 150 - 500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3 - 5.0 ml/g.
By another aspect of this invention, an activated carbon is provided for use in an dppald~l s for removing SO2 and/or NOX from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil which ~aldllls comprises (a) a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air, (b) a screen portion fitted to the conduit across the conduct, the screen portion accommodating the activated carbon, wherein a first end of the screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated carbon into the conduit, and a second end of the screen portion is also open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from the conduit near the second -Y
2 ~ 5 ~ ~ 7 9 s end opening, and (c) means for controlling the feeding of the new activated carbon and the discharging of the used activated carbon, the activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-gldphilizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable cros~linking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 A, a specific surface area of lS0-S00 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-S.0 ml/g.
By a variation thereof, the activated carbon has a cation exchange capacity of 8- 13,e.g.,9- 12.
In the accoln~anying drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is an electron photomicrograph of an activated carbon, usable in the method and appald~us of aspects of the present invention.
lS According to one embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion a~a,dtus' for example a diesel engine used for various purposes, for example, a diesel engine for an emergency electric generator, is treated so as to remove harmful colllponents, e.g., SO2 and NOX.
Referring to Fig. 1, such appaldl~ls for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion ~aldtus containing SO2 and NOX as the harmful components comprises a muffler 1 connected with the light oil combustion apparatus, an exhaust pipe 2containing an exhaust gas-introducing pipe and an exhaust gas-exh~-sting pipe 4 provided with multiple gas dischd~ging small holes 4a2, 4a4, a plurality of gas escape ports 4bl, a filter pipe S, and a gas outlet pipe 3 connected with the exhaust pipe 2.
"~ ~ 0 5 ~i 0 7 9 The filter pipe 5 is composed of an inner layer filter pipe Sa and an outer layer filter pipe 5b, a particularly-specified activated carbon 6 packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe 5a and the outer layer filter pipe Sb, and a blind plate 5c blocking one end of the filter pipe S. An exhaust gas-introducing pipe and S an exhaust gas-exh~--sting pipe 4 is each provided in the inner space of the inner layer filter pipe Sa.
The exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-e~h~-lsting pipe 4 preferably comprises a perforated pipe portion 4a having multiple small holes 4a2 for passing gas at the pipe wall 4al, a rear end wall 4a3 provided with multiple small holes 4a4 for passing gas, a pipe portion 4b provided with a plurality of gas escape ports 4bl at the pipe wall near the end portion, and a blocking plate 4b2 at the top end portion.The activated carbon should have the following char~ct~ri~tics: it comprises both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable cro~clinkin~ lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals. It has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B (preferably 2B to 4B), a pore size of 100-400 A (preferably 200 - 350 A), a specific surface area of lS0-S00 m2/g (preferably 200 - 400 m2/g), and a pore volume of 1.3-S.0 ml/g (preferably 1.4 - 3.0 ml/g). An activated carbon produced by burning waste tires is most preferable.
An exhaust gas from a light oil combustion appa-dllls is introduced into an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas~rh~lsting pipe through a muffler, passesthrough many gas discha~ g small holes of the perforated pipe portion and a plurality of gas escape ports and diffuses into the activated carbon layer through a metal net of an inner layer filter pipe (for example, a 3 mm mesh).
_ ~05~079 The exhaust gas is treated in the inner layer portion of the activated carbon, that is, SO2 and NOX are adsorbed to the activated carbon, and SO2 and NOX whichare not adsorbed by this primary tre~tmPnt are subjected to a secondary treatment in the outer layer portion of the activated carbon for adsorbing the rem~ining SO2 and S NO,~ before the exhaust gas passes through a metal net of the outer layer filter pipe (for example, a 2 mm mesh).
The concentrations of SO2 and NOX in the exhaust gas having passed the outer layer filter pipe is much lower than those before the treatment.
Further, according to a method for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus, the harmful components, e.g., SO2, NOX and the like, are removed by adsorbing the harmful components to the above-described activated carbon which is produced by burning waste tires, or to an activated carbon having a particular structure and particular characteristics.
One end of a muffler 1 is connected with a flue of a diesel engine using a lightoil and the other end of muffler 1 is connected with one end of an exhaust pipe 2.
The other end of muffler 1 is connected with one end of an exhaust pipe 2. The other end of exhaust pipe 2 is connected with a gas outlet pipe 3.
Muffler 1, exhaust pipe 2 and gas outlet pipe 3 are connected by fixing the flanges with bolts and nuts.
An exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-exh~ ting pipe 4 (made of metal) is colllposed of a pc;,rol~ted pipe portion 4a provided with an opening at the forward end (right end in Fig. 1), a pipe wall 4al having many small holes 4a2, a rear end lid 4a3 (left end in Fig. 1) having many small holes 4a~, and a pipe por~on 4b of which the forward end is connected with rear end lid 4a3 and which has a plurality (for ~s ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ 7 9 example, four) of gas escape ports 4b, at the pipe wall near the end portion and a blocking plate 4b2 at the top end portion.
Pelroldted pipe portion 4a is provided with a flange 4a5, for example, at approximately the middle portion in the longitll~lin~l direction, and the flange 4aS is fixed to a flange of muffler 1 (for example, using bolts and nuts).
Filter pipe S is composed of inner layer filter pipe 5a made of a 3 mm mesh metal net (for example, made of stainless steel), outer layer filter pipe Sb made of a 2 mm mesh metal net (for example, made of stainless steel), an activated carbon layer 6 packed in the space between the pipes 5a and 5b, a blind plate 5c (for example, made of st~inless steel) blocking the end portion and an annular frame plate 5d supporting the inner and outer pipes 5a and 5b and activated carbon layer 6 which is fixed to an end of the filter pipe opposite to blind plate 5c.
Filter pipe 5 is removably fitted to flange 4a5 of perforated pipe portion 4a bymeans of annular frame plate 5d.
In the above-mentioned apparatus for treating the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas entering muffler 1 from a diesel engine flows into pelrol~ted pipe portion 4a ofexhaust gas introducing and exh~l-sting pipe 4 and then one part of the gas is discharged through small holes 4a2 (for ex~mple, 9 mm in ~ meter) and is diffused into activated carbon layer 6 through inner layer filter pipe 5a of filter pipe 5.
The other part of the gas flows into pipe portion 4b through small holes 4a4 (for example, 3 mm in diameter) at a large flow rate, collides against blocking plate 4b2, discha.~es through gas escape ports 4bl, then passes through inner layer filter pipe 5a and diffuses into activated carbon layer 6. In this diffusion step, the diffusion speed is so large (due to the high flow speed into pipe portion 4b) that the diffusion ~ 0; 5 6 ~ 7 9 of the exhaust gas which passes through small holes 4a2 and diffuses previously into activated carbon layer 6 than this exhaust gas which passes through gas escape ports 4bl, is f~ilit~te~.
The exhaust gas diffuses into the inner layer portion of the activated carbon 6 and SO2 and NOX are adsorbed, but the lc~ inil~ SO2 and NOX are adsorbed in the outer layer portion of the activated carbon 6, and then discharged to exhaust pipe 2 through the outer layer filter pipe Sb.
The exhaust gas thus treated leaves exhaust pipe 2 and is discharged to atmosphere through gas outlet pipe 3. When an activated carbon produced by burning waste tires, having average 3 mm in size was used in the above-mentionedexample where filter pipe S comprised inner layer filter pipe Sa composed of 3 mm mesh metal net and outer layer filter pipe Sb composed of 2 mm mesh metal net, SO~
concentration of 42 p.p.m. and NO2 concentration of S9 p.p.m. in an exhaust gas fed decreased to 25 p.p.m. and 24 p.p.m. after the treatment, respectively, that is, they lS were decreased by 40% and 60%, respectively. Further, under the similar conditions, 70 p.p.m. NO2 and 29 p.p.m. SO2 in an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion were reduced to 17 p.p.m. NO2 and 6 p.p.m. SO2, fespe~ ely, after thetre~tm~nt Activated carbon produced by burning waste tires can be used in the present invention. An example of such activated carbon is disclosed in J~p~nese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 1-127812 (1989) in which waste tires are burned asa fuel for a boiler and the resulting cinder can be used as an activated carbon.Activated carbon used in aspect of this invention may be preferably produced by burning waste tires under particular conditions as shown below. Thus, the activated ~O~Q79 ,.....
carbon used in aspects of the present invention can be produced by burning waste tires con~ ing metal cords, e.g., steel cords, silicon steel cords, and the like at 400 -900~C, preferably 700 - 800~C, in the presence of oxygen and in the further presence of CO2 and water vapour.
Air used for the combustion of the waste tires is preferably of high humidity, for example, having a relative humidity of at least 60%; if desired, water is added to the combustion atmosphere in an appro~liate way.
After forrnation of the activated carbon, metal cord fragments are removed, for example, by using a magnet. Then the resulting activated carbon particles are 10 subjected to screening to obtain the particles in a desired particle size range.
Therefore, pelletization is not nece.ss~ry. Naturally, if necessary, particles of a size less than the desired particle size may be pelleti7e~ to produce desired particles.
This production procedure is quite different from prior art methods; it differs from a method comprising strongly heating a carbon-co~ g material in the 15 absence of air (oxygen) to effect dry ~ till~tion followed by adding active hydrogen;
it differs also from a method comprising fully carbonizing a carbonaceous m~teri~l and then activating the resulting carbon by steam or a treatment with chemicals.
As is clear from above, the activated carbon of an aspect of the present invention can be produced without a multiple-step method including an activation step 20 or complicated procedure as in conventional methods.
The mech~ni~m of producing the activated carbon of the present invention having the excellent prop~.lies in a single step is not clearly understood. Although it is not desired to limit the invention to any particular theory, it is believed that the metal cord (a twisted thin metal wire) is broken into fragments during the combustion ~ ~ O 5 ~ ~ 7 9 and is scattered into the waste tire m~t~ri~l~ to act in a catalyst-like manner or to act physically on the materials; further CO2 and water present in the combustion atmosphere simultaneously activate the carbonaceous material.
The amount of the metal cord is preferably at least 1/3 times the weight of the 5 waste tires. When the amount is less than 1/3 times, the reslllting adsorption ability is poor. More preferably, the amount is from 4/10 times to 6/10 times the weight of the waste tire.
In aspects of the present invention, the activated carbon preferably used has a particular structure and particular characteristics, that is, the activated carbon has pencil hardness of from B to 6B, preferably from 2B to 4B, a pore size of 100 - 400 A, preferably 200 - 350 A, a specific surface area of 150 - 500 m2/g, preferably 1.4 -3.0 ml/g, and if desired, CEC of 8 - 13, preferably 9 - 12. The activated carbon comprises both carbon microcrystals irregularly arranged and difficultly graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly graphitizable crosclinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals.
In the above, CEC (cation exchange capacity) defines a capacity of substitlltin~
a base.
Fig. 2 shows an electron photomiclo~ld~h of the activated carbon used in aspects of the present invention. The m~gnific~tion is 1000 times. This shows large 20 pores, a large pore volume and the irregular arrangement.
~'.
2 ~) 5 ~ U 7 9 The following table is given to c~nlpale the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention with a commercially-available activated carbon.
Activated carbon Commercially of the present available acti-invention vated carbon Pencil hardness B - 6B H
Pore size 100 - 400 A 23.5 - 32.7 A
Specific surface area 150 - 500 m2/g 900 - 1010 m2/g Pore volume 1.3 - 5.0 ml/g 0.60 - 1.17 ml/g As is clear from the above table, the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention has a lower hardness, larger pore size and larger pore volume than a commercially-available activated carbon, and can adsorb large particles and molecules. As shown by the electron photomicrographic structure, the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention does not seem to deodorize or to decolour due to its small specific surface area. However, it can surprisingly exhibit excellent deodorizing and decolouring functions. This appears to be attributable to the large pore size and volume.
The activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention and commercially-available activated carbon are further col.,paled as to adsorbability in the following:
a. Activated Carbon Used In An Aspect of the Present Invention Oil: adsorbed Fungi: adsorbed Ammonia odour: adsorbed 2~6~9 ~._ Speed of deodorizing: very fast Decolouring (Methylene Blue): very fast b. Commercially-available Activated Carbon Oil: not adsorbed Fungi: not adsorbed Ammonia odour adsorbed with difficulty Speed of Deodorizing: slow; taking a long time Decolouring (Methylene Blue): ordinary The activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention produced by 10 burning waste tires contains, for example, the following components and shows the following pH.
Component % By Weight Moisture 0.43 - 0.61 Carbon (C) 53.8 - 62.9 Total Nitrogen (T-N) 0.244 - 0.293 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 0.584 - 0.611 Potassium (K2O) 0.525 - 0.574 Calcium (CaO) 4.62 - 4.69 Magnesium (MgO) 0.665 - 0.670 Sulphur (S) 0.31 - 0.37 Vaporizable matter (mostly) balance Carbon ratio (C/N) 220 - 226 pH (H20) 10.15 - 10.44 ~0~6û79 ,., The activated carbon is soft (low pencil hardness), but the structure strength is high since the carbon ratio (C/N) relating to the bonding force is as high as 200.
On the other hand, the carbon ratio of commercially-available activated carbon is 70.
As described above, the activated carbon having a particular structure and 5 particular characteristics may be produced by burning waste tires, preferably, under the above-mentioned particular conditions. The activated carbon has a large pore volume and, due to the large pore volume, molecules of sulphur components and nitrogen components are adsorbed at a high speed. Since the pore volume is large, adsorption can be effected within a short time in correspondence with the molecular 10 structures of SO2 and NOx-Furthermore, as mentioned above, the activated carbon used in the method andapparatus of aspects of the present invention can be produced from waste tires disposal of which is an environmPntal problem these days. Therefore, the activated carbon can be produced at low cost and the disposal problem of waste tires can be 15 also solved by aspects of the present invention.
By a variation thereof, the activated carbon has a cation exchange capacity of 8- 13,e.g.,9- 12.
In the accoln~anying drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus of one embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is an electron photomicrograph of an activated carbon, usable in the method and appald~us of aspects of the present invention.
lS According to one embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion a~a,dtus' for example a diesel engine used for various purposes, for example, a diesel engine for an emergency electric generator, is treated so as to remove harmful colllponents, e.g., SO2 and NOX.
Referring to Fig. 1, such appaldl~ls for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion ~aldtus containing SO2 and NOX as the harmful components comprises a muffler 1 connected with the light oil combustion apparatus, an exhaust pipe 2containing an exhaust gas-introducing pipe and an exhaust gas-exh~-sting pipe 4 provided with multiple gas dischd~ging small holes 4a2, 4a4, a plurality of gas escape ports 4bl, a filter pipe S, and a gas outlet pipe 3 connected with the exhaust pipe 2.
"~ ~ 0 5 ~i 0 7 9 The filter pipe 5 is composed of an inner layer filter pipe Sa and an outer layer filter pipe 5b, a particularly-specified activated carbon 6 packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe 5a and the outer layer filter pipe Sb, and a blind plate 5c blocking one end of the filter pipe S. An exhaust gas-introducing pipe and S an exhaust gas-exh~--sting pipe 4 is each provided in the inner space of the inner layer filter pipe Sa.
The exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-e~h~-lsting pipe 4 preferably comprises a perforated pipe portion 4a having multiple small holes 4a2 for passing gas at the pipe wall 4al, a rear end wall 4a3 provided with multiple small holes 4a4 for passing gas, a pipe portion 4b provided with a plurality of gas escape ports 4bl at the pipe wall near the end portion, and a blocking plate 4b2 at the top end portion.The activated carbon should have the following char~ct~ri~tics: it comprises both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable cro~clinkin~ lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals. It has a pencil hardness of from B to 6B (preferably 2B to 4B), a pore size of 100-400 A (preferably 200 - 350 A), a specific surface area of lS0-S00 m2/g (preferably 200 - 400 m2/g), and a pore volume of 1.3-S.0 ml/g (preferably 1.4 - 3.0 ml/g). An activated carbon produced by burning waste tires is most preferable.
An exhaust gas from a light oil combustion appa-dllls is introduced into an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas~rh~lsting pipe through a muffler, passesthrough many gas discha~ g small holes of the perforated pipe portion and a plurality of gas escape ports and diffuses into the activated carbon layer through a metal net of an inner layer filter pipe (for example, a 3 mm mesh).
_ ~05~079 The exhaust gas is treated in the inner layer portion of the activated carbon, that is, SO2 and NOX are adsorbed to the activated carbon, and SO2 and NOX whichare not adsorbed by this primary tre~tmPnt are subjected to a secondary treatment in the outer layer portion of the activated carbon for adsorbing the rem~ining SO2 and S NO,~ before the exhaust gas passes through a metal net of the outer layer filter pipe (for example, a 2 mm mesh).
The concentrations of SO2 and NOX in the exhaust gas having passed the outer layer filter pipe is much lower than those before the treatment.
Further, according to a method for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus, the harmful components, e.g., SO2, NOX and the like, are removed by adsorbing the harmful components to the above-described activated carbon which is produced by burning waste tires, or to an activated carbon having a particular structure and particular characteristics.
One end of a muffler 1 is connected with a flue of a diesel engine using a lightoil and the other end of muffler 1 is connected with one end of an exhaust pipe 2.
The other end of muffler 1 is connected with one end of an exhaust pipe 2. The other end of exhaust pipe 2 is connected with a gas outlet pipe 3.
Muffler 1, exhaust pipe 2 and gas outlet pipe 3 are connected by fixing the flanges with bolts and nuts.
An exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-exh~ ting pipe 4 (made of metal) is colllposed of a pc;,rol~ted pipe portion 4a provided with an opening at the forward end (right end in Fig. 1), a pipe wall 4al having many small holes 4a2, a rear end lid 4a3 (left end in Fig. 1) having many small holes 4a~, and a pipe por~on 4b of which the forward end is connected with rear end lid 4a3 and which has a plurality (for ~s ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ 7 9 example, four) of gas escape ports 4b, at the pipe wall near the end portion and a blocking plate 4b2 at the top end portion.
Pelroldted pipe portion 4a is provided with a flange 4a5, for example, at approximately the middle portion in the longitll~lin~l direction, and the flange 4aS is fixed to a flange of muffler 1 (for example, using bolts and nuts).
Filter pipe S is composed of inner layer filter pipe 5a made of a 3 mm mesh metal net (for example, made of stainless steel), outer layer filter pipe Sb made of a 2 mm mesh metal net (for example, made of stainless steel), an activated carbon layer 6 packed in the space between the pipes 5a and 5b, a blind plate 5c (for example, made of st~inless steel) blocking the end portion and an annular frame plate 5d supporting the inner and outer pipes 5a and 5b and activated carbon layer 6 which is fixed to an end of the filter pipe opposite to blind plate 5c.
Filter pipe 5 is removably fitted to flange 4a5 of perforated pipe portion 4a bymeans of annular frame plate 5d.
In the above-mentioned apparatus for treating the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas entering muffler 1 from a diesel engine flows into pelrol~ted pipe portion 4a ofexhaust gas introducing and exh~l-sting pipe 4 and then one part of the gas is discharged through small holes 4a2 (for ex~mple, 9 mm in ~ meter) and is diffused into activated carbon layer 6 through inner layer filter pipe 5a of filter pipe 5.
The other part of the gas flows into pipe portion 4b through small holes 4a4 (for example, 3 mm in diameter) at a large flow rate, collides against blocking plate 4b2, discha.~es through gas escape ports 4bl, then passes through inner layer filter pipe 5a and diffuses into activated carbon layer 6. In this diffusion step, the diffusion speed is so large (due to the high flow speed into pipe portion 4b) that the diffusion ~ 0; 5 6 ~ 7 9 of the exhaust gas which passes through small holes 4a2 and diffuses previously into activated carbon layer 6 than this exhaust gas which passes through gas escape ports 4bl, is f~ilit~te~.
The exhaust gas diffuses into the inner layer portion of the activated carbon 6 and SO2 and NOX are adsorbed, but the lc~ inil~ SO2 and NOX are adsorbed in the outer layer portion of the activated carbon 6, and then discharged to exhaust pipe 2 through the outer layer filter pipe Sb.
The exhaust gas thus treated leaves exhaust pipe 2 and is discharged to atmosphere through gas outlet pipe 3. When an activated carbon produced by burning waste tires, having average 3 mm in size was used in the above-mentionedexample where filter pipe S comprised inner layer filter pipe Sa composed of 3 mm mesh metal net and outer layer filter pipe Sb composed of 2 mm mesh metal net, SO~
concentration of 42 p.p.m. and NO2 concentration of S9 p.p.m. in an exhaust gas fed decreased to 25 p.p.m. and 24 p.p.m. after the treatment, respectively, that is, they lS were decreased by 40% and 60%, respectively. Further, under the similar conditions, 70 p.p.m. NO2 and 29 p.p.m. SO2 in an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion were reduced to 17 p.p.m. NO2 and 6 p.p.m. SO2, fespe~ ely, after thetre~tm~nt Activated carbon produced by burning waste tires can be used in the present invention. An example of such activated carbon is disclosed in J~p~nese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 1-127812 (1989) in which waste tires are burned asa fuel for a boiler and the resulting cinder can be used as an activated carbon.Activated carbon used in aspect of this invention may be preferably produced by burning waste tires under particular conditions as shown below. Thus, the activated ~O~Q79 ,.....
carbon used in aspects of the present invention can be produced by burning waste tires con~ ing metal cords, e.g., steel cords, silicon steel cords, and the like at 400 -900~C, preferably 700 - 800~C, in the presence of oxygen and in the further presence of CO2 and water vapour.
Air used for the combustion of the waste tires is preferably of high humidity, for example, having a relative humidity of at least 60%; if desired, water is added to the combustion atmosphere in an appro~liate way.
After forrnation of the activated carbon, metal cord fragments are removed, for example, by using a magnet. Then the resulting activated carbon particles are 10 subjected to screening to obtain the particles in a desired particle size range.
Therefore, pelletization is not nece.ss~ry. Naturally, if necessary, particles of a size less than the desired particle size may be pelleti7e~ to produce desired particles.
This production procedure is quite different from prior art methods; it differs from a method comprising strongly heating a carbon-co~ g material in the 15 absence of air (oxygen) to effect dry ~ till~tion followed by adding active hydrogen;
it differs also from a method comprising fully carbonizing a carbonaceous m~teri~l and then activating the resulting carbon by steam or a treatment with chemicals.
As is clear from above, the activated carbon of an aspect of the present invention can be produced without a multiple-step method including an activation step 20 or complicated procedure as in conventional methods.
The mech~ni~m of producing the activated carbon of the present invention having the excellent prop~.lies in a single step is not clearly understood. Although it is not desired to limit the invention to any particular theory, it is believed that the metal cord (a twisted thin metal wire) is broken into fragments during the combustion ~ ~ O 5 ~ ~ 7 9 and is scattered into the waste tire m~t~ri~l~ to act in a catalyst-like manner or to act physically on the materials; further CO2 and water present in the combustion atmosphere simultaneously activate the carbonaceous material.
The amount of the metal cord is preferably at least 1/3 times the weight of the 5 waste tires. When the amount is less than 1/3 times, the reslllting adsorption ability is poor. More preferably, the amount is from 4/10 times to 6/10 times the weight of the waste tire.
In aspects of the present invention, the activated carbon preferably used has a particular structure and particular characteristics, that is, the activated carbon has pencil hardness of from B to 6B, preferably from 2B to 4B, a pore size of 100 - 400 A, preferably 200 - 350 A, a specific surface area of 150 - 500 m2/g, preferably 1.4 -3.0 ml/g, and if desired, CEC of 8 - 13, preferably 9 - 12. The activated carbon comprises both carbon microcrystals irregularly arranged and difficultly graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly graphitizable crosclinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals.
In the above, CEC (cation exchange capacity) defines a capacity of substitlltin~
a base.
Fig. 2 shows an electron photomiclo~ld~h of the activated carbon used in aspects of the present invention. The m~gnific~tion is 1000 times. This shows large 20 pores, a large pore volume and the irregular arrangement.
~'.
2 ~) 5 ~ U 7 9 The following table is given to c~nlpale the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention with a commercially-available activated carbon.
Activated carbon Commercially of the present available acti-invention vated carbon Pencil hardness B - 6B H
Pore size 100 - 400 A 23.5 - 32.7 A
Specific surface area 150 - 500 m2/g 900 - 1010 m2/g Pore volume 1.3 - 5.0 ml/g 0.60 - 1.17 ml/g As is clear from the above table, the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention has a lower hardness, larger pore size and larger pore volume than a commercially-available activated carbon, and can adsorb large particles and molecules. As shown by the electron photomicrographic structure, the activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention does not seem to deodorize or to decolour due to its small specific surface area. However, it can surprisingly exhibit excellent deodorizing and decolouring functions. This appears to be attributable to the large pore size and volume.
The activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention and commercially-available activated carbon are further col.,paled as to adsorbability in the following:
a. Activated Carbon Used In An Aspect of the Present Invention Oil: adsorbed Fungi: adsorbed Ammonia odour: adsorbed 2~6~9 ~._ Speed of deodorizing: very fast Decolouring (Methylene Blue): very fast b. Commercially-available Activated Carbon Oil: not adsorbed Fungi: not adsorbed Ammonia odour adsorbed with difficulty Speed of Deodorizing: slow; taking a long time Decolouring (Methylene Blue): ordinary The activated carbon used in an aspect of the present invention produced by 10 burning waste tires contains, for example, the following components and shows the following pH.
Component % By Weight Moisture 0.43 - 0.61 Carbon (C) 53.8 - 62.9 Total Nitrogen (T-N) 0.244 - 0.293 Phosphoric Acid (P2O5) 0.584 - 0.611 Potassium (K2O) 0.525 - 0.574 Calcium (CaO) 4.62 - 4.69 Magnesium (MgO) 0.665 - 0.670 Sulphur (S) 0.31 - 0.37 Vaporizable matter (mostly) balance Carbon ratio (C/N) 220 - 226 pH (H20) 10.15 - 10.44 ~0~6û79 ,., The activated carbon is soft (low pencil hardness), but the structure strength is high since the carbon ratio (C/N) relating to the bonding force is as high as 200.
On the other hand, the carbon ratio of commercially-available activated carbon is 70.
As described above, the activated carbon having a particular structure and 5 particular characteristics may be produced by burning waste tires, preferably, under the above-mentioned particular conditions. The activated carbon has a large pore volume and, due to the large pore volume, molecules of sulphur components and nitrogen components are adsorbed at a high speed. Since the pore volume is large, adsorption can be effected within a short time in correspondence with the molecular 10 structures of SO2 and NOx-Furthermore, as mentioned above, the activated carbon used in the method andapparatus of aspects of the present invention can be produced from waste tires disposal of which is an environmPntal problem these days. Therefore, the activated carbon can be produced at low cost and the disposal problem of waste tires can be 15 also solved by aspects of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. An apparatus for removing SO2 and/or NO x from an exhaust gas formed by the combustion of oil, said apparatus comprising: (a) a conduit for discharging the exhaust gas to the open air; (b) a screen portion fitted to said conduit across said conduit, said screen portion accommodating an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B
to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 .ANG., a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g, wherein a first end of said screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated carbon into said conduit, and a second end of said screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from said conduit near said second end opening;
and (c) means for controlling the feeding of said new activated carbon and the discharging of said used activated carbon dependent on detecting the amount of the discharged used activated carbon.
to 6B, a pore size of 100-400 .ANG., a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g, wherein a first end of said screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for feeding new activated carbon into said conduit, and a second end of said screen portion is open to the outside, and has a means for discharging used activated carbon from said conduit near said second end opening;
and (c) means for controlling the feeding of said new activated carbon and the discharging of said used activated carbon dependent on detecting the amount of the discharged used activated carbon.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said controlling means comprise a motorized conveyor for feeding said new activated carbon to said screen portion and a motorized rotary blade for discharging said used activated carbon to a chute which empties into a receiving box for receiving said used activated carbon, and a sensor for detecting when said receiving box is full, said sensor being adapted to stop said conveyor and rotary blade when said receiving box is full.
3. An apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a new activated carbon supply reservoir for supplying new activated carbon to said controlling means motorized conveyor, said supplying reservoir being controlled by a rotary blade activated by a timer.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein said screen portion is removable.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein characteristics of said activated carbon are: pencil hardness of from 2B to 4B; pore size of 200 - 350 .ANG.; specific surface area of 200 - 400 m2/g; and pore volume of 1.4 - 3.0 ml/g.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein said activated carbon is produced by the burning of waste tires.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 3, wherein said activated carbon is produced by the burning of waste tires containing a metal cord, wherein said burning is at a temperature of 400 - 900°C in the presence of oxygen, and in the presence of CO2 and water vapour.
8. An apparatus for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus, said apparatus comprising:
a muffler connected with said light oil combustion apparatus;
an exhaust pipe containing an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas -exhausting pipe provided with multiple gas discharging small holes and a plurality of gas escape ports and a filter pipe, said filter pipe being composed of an inner layer filter pipe and an outer layer filter pipe, with an activated carbon packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe and the outer layer filter pipe, said activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B
to 6B, pore size of 100-400 .ANG., a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g; a blind plate blocking one end of the filter pipe; said exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-exhausting pipe being provided in the inner space of said inner layer filter pipe.
a muffler connected with said light oil combustion apparatus;
an exhaust pipe containing an exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas -exhausting pipe provided with multiple gas discharging small holes and a plurality of gas escape ports and a filter pipe, said filter pipe being composed of an inner layer filter pipe and an outer layer filter pipe, with an activated carbon packed in the space between the inner layer filter pipe and the outer layer filter pipe, said activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitizable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among the carbon microcrystals and which has a pencil hardness of from B
to 6B, pore size of 100-400 .ANG., a specific surface area of 150-500 m2/g, and a pore volume of 1.3-5.0 ml/g; a blind plate blocking one end of the filter pipe; said exhaust gas-introducing and exhaust gas-exhausting pipe being provided in the inner space of said inner layer filter pipe.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8 in which said exhaust gas introducing and exhausting gas-exhausting pipe comprises:
a performed pipe portion having multiple small holes for passing gas at the pipe wall and a rear end lid having multiple small holes for passing gas; and a pipe portion provided with a plurality of gas escape ports at the pipe wall near the end portion and a blocking plate at the top end portion.
a performed pipe portion having multiple small holes for passing gas at the pipe wall and a rear end lid having multiple small holes for passing gas; and a pipe portion provided with a plurality of gas escape ports at the pipe wall near the end portion and a blocking plate at the top end portion.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8 or claim 9 wherein characteristics of said activated carbon are: pencil hardness of from 2B to 4B; pore size of 200 - 350 .ANG.; specific surface area of 200 - 400 m2/g; and pore volume of 1.4 - 3.0 ml/g.
11. The apparatus according to claim 8, claim 9, or claim 10 in which the activated carbon is produced by burning waste tires.
12. The apparatus according to claim 8, claim 9, or claim 10 in which the activated carbon is produced by burning waste tires containing a metal cord at a temperature of 400 - 900°C in the presence of oxygen, and in the presence of CO2 and water vapour.
13. A method for treating an exhaust gas from a light oil combustion apparatus which comprises: adsorbing and removing harmful components in said exhaust gas with an activated carbon comprising both carbon microcrystals which are irregularly-arranged and difficultly-graphitizable carbon which comprises difficultly-graphitazable crosslinking lattices in the gaps among carbon microcrystals, and which has pencil hardness of from B to 6B, pore size of 100 - 400 .ANG., specific surface area of 150 - 500 m2/g, and pore volume of 1.3 - 5.0 ml/g.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the pencil hardness of said activated carbon is from 2B to 4B, the pore size is 200 - 350 .ANG., the specific surface area is 200 - 44 m2/g and the pore volume is 1.4 - 3.0 ml/g.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said activated carbon has a cation exchange capacity of 8 - 13.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein said activated carbon has a cation exchange capacity of 9 - 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP325036/1990 | 1990-11-26 | ||
| JP2325036A JP2605179B2 (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | SO2 (2), NOx removal method and removal device using activated carbon |
| US07/669,917 | 1991-03-15 | ||
| US07/669,917 US5186914A (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1991-03-15 | Process for removing NOx and SO2 utilizing activated carbon |
| JP3303889A JP3066145B2 (en) | 1991-03-15 | 1991-10-24 | Activated carbon and its manufacturing method |
| JP303889/1991 | 1991-10-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2056079A1 CA2056079A1 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| CA2056079C true CA2056079C (en) | 1999-05-25 |
Family
ID=27338640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002056079A Expired - Fee Related CA2056079C (en) | 1990-11-26 | 1991-11-18 | Method for treating exhaust gas from light oil combustion and apparatus therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2056079C (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-11-18 CA CA002056079A patent/CA2056079C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2056079A1 (en) | 1992-05-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US7022269B2 (en) | Activated carbon for odor control and method for making same | |
| KR950003733B1 (en) | Activated carbon production thereof & its use for adsorption | |
| EP0603178A4 (en) | ||
| US5620506A (en) | Activated carbon, production thereof and adsorption using activated carbon | |
| Lu | Preparation and evaluation of adsorbents from waste carbonaceous materials for SOx and NOx removal | |
| US8133304B2 (en) | Process for the production of carbonaceous adsorption agents doped with elementary sulfur and a process for waste gas cleaning using such adsorption agents | |
| US7101417B2 (en) | Activated carbon for odor control and method for making same | |
| JP4393747B2 (en) | Fuel vapor adsorbent | |
| JP4418079B2 (en) | Method for producing activated coke having high strength and high adsorption capacity | |
| EP0488105B1 (en) | Activated carbon, production thereof and its use for adsorption | |
| CA2056079C (en) | Method for treating exhaust gas from light oil combustion and apparatus therefor | |
| JP3190021B2 (en) | Exhaust gas treatment device for gas oil combustion equipment and gas oil combustion exhaust gas treatment method | |
| Fell et al. | Removal of dioxins and furans from flue gases by non-flammable adsorbents in a fixed bed | |
| CN108744762A (en) | A kind of dedusting-adsorption desorption combination integrated apparatus and its working method | |
| JP3497319B2 (en) | Dioxin removal material recycling method | |
| JP3947285B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of activated carbon for desulfurization and denitration with high denitration performance | |
| CN105771576A (en) | Process of utilizing modified activated carbon to remove dioxin | |
| JP2000288386A (en) | Filter medium for removing environmental pollutant and recovering useful substance | |
| JPH11106751A (en) | Soil conditioner and sox adsorbent | |
| Reed et al. | Development of a fluidized-bed technique for the regeneration of powdered activated carbon | |
| JP3206107B2 (en) | Air purifier | |
| JPH01261365A (en) | Method for treating solution containing tryptophan or the like | |
| JPH07265700A (en) | Nox removing material and its production | |
| JP2878552B2 (en) | Activated carbon and method for producing the same | |
| JP3281143B2 (en) | Adsorption material and method for producing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |