CA2054059A1 - Rubber composition having blue-tinted grey color - Google Patents
Rubber composition having blue-tinted grey colorInfo
- Publication number
- CA2054059A1 CA2054059A1 CA 2054059 CA2054059A CA2054059A1 CA 2054059 A1 CA2054059 A1 CA 2054059A1 CA 2054059 CA2054059 CA 2054059 CA 2054059 A CA2054059 A CA 2054059A CA 2054059 A1 CA2054059 A1 CA 2054059A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- carbon black
- rubber composition
- value
- color
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure RUBBER COMPOSITION HAVING BLUE-TINTED GREY COLOR
This invention related to a rubber composition having a blue-tinted grey color.
This invention related to a rubber composition having a blue-tinted grey color.
Description
- 1 - 2 ~ 9 RUBBER COMPOSITION HAVING BLUE-TINTED GREY COLOR
Field This invention relates to a r~bber composition having a blue-tinted grey color.
Background Rubber which contains carbon black reinforcement is often used for various rubber products. Some rubber products are prepared of other colors by using a colorant and reducing or deleting the carbon black.
hile various colors are often considered, many times the color is white.
For a white colored rubber, the rubber is typically compounded with a white-colored pigment s~ch as, for example, titanium dioxide. Carbon black is not used for white colored rubbers because even very small amounts would discolor the white rubber.
It is appreciated that the titanium dioxide coloring pigment is not considered to be a r~bber reinforcing ingredient for rubber but is more in a form of a filler.
In contrast, the typically unwanted carbon black is well recognized as being a reinforcing ingredient for rubber, and not usually just a filler pigment or material.
The inventor is not aware of a rubber composition having a grey color which is blue tinted.
Disclosure and Practice of the Invention In accordance with this invention, a rubber composition is provided which is comprised of a sulf~r cured r~bber containing as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight rubber, about 40 to about 50 parts 2~r.(~9 by weight titani~m dioxide pigment about 0.5 to abo~t 1.0 part by weight carbon black wherein preferably, the said carbon black is characterized by having an iodine absorption number in the range of about 38 to about 48, and a dib~tylphthalate value in the range of about 116 to about 126.
Such colorants are referred to as basic colorants since it considered that the color of the rubber composition is derived primarily from such colorants and, thus, dominate its visible color, although it is recognized that it is likely that the rubber itself and other compounding ingredients contained in the rubber may contribute to its color in a minor way.
In further accordance with this invention, a rubber composition is provided having a blue tinted grey color characterized by having a RD axis value of about 20 to about 40, an (a) axis value of about zero to about -3 and a (b) axis value of about -3 to about -6.
Thus, in one aspect, a rubber compocition is provided which i8 comprised of a s~lfur cured rubber composit~on containing, as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight rubber; about 40 to abo~t 50 parts by weight titanium dioxide pigment and about 0.5 to about 1.0 part by weight carbon black and where said rubber composition is further characterized by having a blue tinted grey color characterized by having a RD
axis value of about 20 to about 40, an (a) axis val~e of about zero to about -3 and a (b) axis value of abo~t -3 to about -6.
The color values are determined according to a Gardner XL Colorimeter with a tungsten-halogen lamp.
For such measurements, it was calibrated to a white blank standard with an RD value of 85.1, an (a) val~e : . of -0.9 and a (b) value of +1.2.
2 ~
It is important to appreciate that the color of the rubber composition, absent the included very small amount of carbon black, would typically be white~
By inclusion of the very small amount of carbon black, a rubber composition is provided which has a pleasing effect. It is also perceived that the added small, bllt appreciable, amount of carbon black contributes a very small amount of reinforcement to the white sidewall rubber which would not otherwise be present.
~ lhile the relatively light grey color imparted to the titanium dioxide pigment loaded rubber by the small amount of carbon black might be predictive, the blue tint of the grey color apparently imparted by specific carbon black(~) selection is not clearly understood.
It is possible that the observed blue tint of the grey colored sidewall rubber is a result of one or more of the carbon black's specific surface area, or structure.
S~ch carbon black characteristics are conventionally measured as (A) an iodine absorption number: ASTM Test No. D1510 and (B) a DBP (dibutylphthalate) value; ASTM
Test No. D2414, respectively.
Preparation of a rubber composition with the observed blue tinted grey color was obtained with an FEF, oil-derived, N550 carbon black with an iodine absorption number (g/kg) specification of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP absorption number (cc/lOOg) specification of 121 ; +/- 5. Thus, it is perceived that a carbon black, namely an oil-derived carbon black, particularly of the FEF type having an iodine absorption number in the range of about 35 to about 50 and a DBP value in the range of about 115 to about 130 would be satisfactory for the preparation of a blue-tinted grey colored sulf~r cured, titanium dioxide pigment loaded rubber composition.
~`
2 ~
The term FEF means it is a furnace carbon black, namely, fine, or fast, extrusion f~rnace black.
While it is acknowledged that the amount of carbon black used is onLy in a small amount of about 1 to about 2.5 weight percent of the titanium dioxide ~sed in the white sidewall rubber, the presence of carbon black is considered of interest because of the rubber reinforcement quality of carbon black, even though such reinforcement e fect would be very small due to the small amount of carbon black used, significantly a grey color imparted to the sidewall rubber would be expected to be of good stability because of the resistance of the carbon black to migrate within the cured rubber composition.
This is considered to be a particularly significant quality of the carbon black as a colorant.
It is, thus, considered significant that the blue tinted grey color are apparently primarily obtained with pigments instead of oil-based dyes, because the dyes wo~ld be expected to migrate to the rubber s~rface and diminish their colorant effect over time.
Therefore, it is anticipated that the utilization of the reinforcement type of carbon black adds a degree of stability to the colorant effect for the sulfur cured rubber.
The color of the s~lf~r cured blue tinted grey rubber has been characterized by measurement with a Gardiner Colorimeter X~20 (1978 model) using a tungsten-halogen lamp. For the purposes of the description of the invention, such color determination may be referred to as a ~ardner Color.
The color measurements are reported on a three axis basis and, thus, represent a ~hree-diminsional pro~ection of values.
;
2 ~ f~
The (a) and (b) axes can be represented on a flat plane with the RD axis being represented vertically through the said plane. All three axes join at their zero vaLue.
The (a) axis represents a red-green axis with (+a) representing red and (-a) representing green.
The (b) axis, at right angles, or perpendicular, to the (a) axis, represents a blue-yellow axis with (+b) representing yellow and (-b) representing blue.
The RD axis, perpendicular to the plane of the (a) and (b) axis; represents a white-black scale where a zero value represents black and a +100 value represents white. The RD axis might sometimes be referred to as a grey scale.
Such color measurements and representations are well known to those having skill in the color characterization and color matching art.
Such rubber composition may be comprised of natural rubber, butyl rubber, halobutyl r~bber, EPDM r~bber, polyb~tadiene r~bber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber and/or styrene/butadiene rubber. Preferably, the rubber is natural rubber or a blend of natural rubber with one or more of such other rubbers. For example, such rubber may be comprised of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber and halobutyl rubber may contain EPDM rubber and/or styrene/butadiene copolymer rubber.
As an example, such r~bber composition may be comprised of a mixture of natural rubber and halobutyl rubber or a mixture of natural rubber, halobutyl rubber and EPDM rubber.
Preferably, the halobutyl rubber is selected from at least one of chlorobutyl rubber and bromobutyl rubber. EPDM rubber is an ethylene/propylene/
non-conjugated diene terpolymer rubber.
. ,`
2 ~ Q ~ r~
The following example is intended to exemplify features of ~he invention. The parts and percentages are by weight ~nless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I
Samples A and B were prepared and c~red to which, for Sample A, titani~m dioxide had been added and for Sample B, the titanium dioxide and a very small amo~nt of carbon black had been added. Sample A is considered a Control and is referred to herein as Exp. A and Sample B, with the added carbon black, is referred to herein as Exp. B. Its composition comprised the ingredients shown in Table 1.
Table 1 (Control) Parts Parts Ingredientsl Exp A Exp B
Chlorobutyl Rubber 20 20 Natural Rubber 40 40 EPDM Rubber2 20 20 Styrene/B~tadiene Rubber 20 20 Titanium Dioxide 30 30 Kaolin Clay 30 30 Stearic Acid Microcrystalline Wax 1.5 1.5 Benzothiazole Type Accelerator 0.75 0.75 Disulfide Type Accelerator 1.25 1.25 Sulfur 0.5 0.5 Zlnc Oxide 10 10 Carbon Black (FEF,N550)3 0 0.7 Ultra Marine Blue4 0.2 0.2 1. White tire sidewall rubber, derived from Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (1978), page 651.
; 2. EPDM rubber, an ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated diene terpolymer r~bber.
3. Obtainable from Cabot Corporation and reported as having an iodine absorption number of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP value of 121 ~/- 5.
2 ~
Field This invention relates to a r~bber composition having a blue-tinted grey color.
Background Rubber which contains carbon black reinforcement is often used for various rubber products. Some rubber products are prepared of other colors by using a colorant and reducing or deleting the carbon black.
hile various colors are often considered, many times the color is white.
For a white colored rubber, the rubber is typically compounded with a white-colored pigment s~ch as, for example, titanium dioxide. Carbon black is not used for white colored rubbers because even very small amounts would discolor the white rubber.
It is appreciated that the titanium dioxide coloring pigment is not considered to be a r~bber reinforcing ingredient for rubber but is more in a form of a filler.
In contrast, the typically unwanted carbon black is well recognized as being a reinforcing ingredient for rubber, and not usually just a filler pigment or material.
The inventor is not aware of a rubber composition having a grey color which is blue tinted.
Disclosure and Practice of the Invention In accordance with this invention, a rubber composition is provided which is comprised of a sulf~r cured r~bber containing as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight rubber, about 40 to about 50 parts 2~r.(~9 by weight titani~m dioxide pigment about 0.5 to abo~t 1.0 part by weight carbon black wherein preferably, the said carbon black is characterized by having an iodine absorption number in the range of about 38 to about 48, and a dib~tylphthalate value in the range of about 116 to about 126.
Such colorants are referred to as basic colorants since it considered that the color of the rubber composition is derived primarily from such colorants and, thus, dominate its visible color, although it is recognized that it is likely that the rubber itself and other compounding ingredients contained in the rubber may contribute to its color in a minor way.
In further accordance with this invention, a rubber composition is provided having a blue tinted grey color characterized by having a RD axis value of about 20 to about 40, an (a) axis value of about zero to about -3 and a (b) axis value of about -3 to about -6.
Thus, in one aspect, a rubber compocition is provided which i8 comprised of a s~lfur cured rubber composit~on containing, as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight rubber; about 40 to abo~t 50 parts by weight titanium dioxide pigment and about 0.5 to about 1.0 part by weight carbon black and where said rubber composition is further characterized by having a blue tinted grey color characterized by having a RD
axis value of about 20 to about 40, an (a) axis val~e of about zero to about -3 and a (b) axis value of abo~t -3 to about -6.
The color values are determined according to a Gardner XL Colorimeter with a tungsten-halogen lamp.
For such measurements, it was calibrated to a white blank standard with an RD value of 85.1, an (a) val~e : . of -0.9 and a (b) value of +1.2.
2 ~
It is important to appreciate that the color of the rubber composition, absent the included very small amount of carbon black, would typically be white~
By inclusion of the very small amount of carbon black, a rubber composition is provided which has a pleasing effect. It is also perceived that the added small, bllt appreciable, amount of carbon black contributes a very small amount of reinforcement to the white sidewall rubber which would not otherwise be present.
~ lhile the relatively light grey color imparted to the titanium dioxide pigment loaded rubber by the small amount of carbon black might be predictive, the blue tint of the grey color apparently imparted by specific carbon black(~) selection is not clearly understood.
It is possible that the observed blue tint of the grey colored sidewall rubber is a result of one or more of the carbon black's specific surface area, or structure.
S~ch carbon black characteristics are conventionally measured as (A) an iodine absorption number: ASTM Test No. D1510 and (B) a DBP (dibutylphthalate) value; ASTM
Test No. D2414, respectively.
Preparation of a rubber composition with the observed blue tinted grey color was obtained with an FEF, oil-derived, N550 carbon black with an iodine absorption number (g/kg) specification of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP absorption number (cc/lOOg) specification of 121 ; +/- 5. Thus, it is perceived that a carbon black, namely an oil-derived carbon black, particularly of the FEF type having an iodine absorption number in the range of about 35 to about 50 and a DBP value in the range of about 115 to about 130 would be satisfactory for the preparation of a blue-tinted grey colored sulf~r cured, titanium dioxide pigment loaded rubber composition.
~`
2 ~
The term FEF means it is a furnace carbon black, namely, fine, or fast, extrusion f~rnace black.
While it is acknowledged that the amount of carbon black used is onLy in a small amount of about 1 to about 2.5 weight percent of the titanium dioxide ~sed in the white sidewall rubber, the presence of carbon black is considered of interest because of the rubber reinforcement quality of carbon black, even though such reinforcement e fect would be very small due to the small amount of carbon black used, significantly a grey color imparted to the sidewall rubber would be expected to be of good stability because of the resistance of the carbon black to migrate within the cured rubber composition.
This is considered to be a particularly significant quality of the carbon black as a colorant.
It is, thus, considered significant that the blue tinted grey color are apparently primarily obtained with pigments instead of oil-based dyes, because the dyes wo~ld be expected to migrate to the rubber s~rface and diminish their colorant effect over time.
Therefore, it is anticipated that the utilization of the reinforcement type of carbon black adds a degree of stability to the colorant effect for the sulfur cured rubber.
The color of the s~lf~r cured blue tinted grey rubber has been characterized by measurement with a Gardiner Colorimeter X~20 (1978 model) using a tungsten-halogen lamp. For the purposes of the description of the invention, such color determination may be referred to as a ~ardner Color.
The color measurements are reported on a three axis basis and, thus, represent a ~hree-diminsional pro~ection of values.
;
2 ~ f~
The (a) and (b) axes can be represented on a flat plane with the RD axis being represented vertically through the said plane. All three axes join at their zero vaLue.
The (a) axis represents a red-green axis with (+a) representing red and (-a) representing green.
The (b) axis, at right angles, or perpendicular, to the (a) axis, represents a blue-yellow axis with (+b) representing yellow and (-b) representing blue.
The RD axis, perpendicular to the plane of the (a) and (b) axis; represents a white-black scale where a zero value represents black and a +100 value represents white. The RD axis might sometimes be referred to as a grey scale.
Such color measurements and representations are well known to those having skill in the color characterization and color matching art.
Such rubber composition may be comprised of natural rubber, butyl rubber, halobutyl r~bber, EPDM r~bber, polyb~tadiene r~bber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber and/or styrene/butadiene rubber. Preferably, the rubber is natural rubber or a blend of natural rubber with one or more of such other rubbers. For example, such rubber may be comprised of at least one rubber selected from natural rubber and halobutyl rubber may contain EPDM rubber and/or styrene/butadiene copolymer rubber.
As an example, such r~bber composition may be comprised of a mixture of natural rubber and halobutyl rubber or a mixture of natural rubber, halobutyl rubber and EPDM rubber.
Preferably, the halobutyl rubber is selected from at least one of chlorobutyl rubber and bromobutyl rubber. EPDM rubber is an ethylene/propylene/
non-conjugated diene terpolymer rubber.
. ,`
2 ~ Q ~ r~
The following example is intended to exemplify features of ~he invention. The parts and percentages are by weight ~nless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE I
Samples A and B were prepared and c~red to which, for Sample A, titani~m dioxide had been added and for Sample B, the titanium dioxide and a very small amo~nt of carbon black had been added. Sample A is considered a Control and is referred to herein as Exp. A and Sample B, with the added carbon black, is referred to herein as Exp. B. Its composition comprised the ingredients shown in Table 1.
Table 1 (Control) Parts Parts Ingredientsl Exp A Exp B
Chlorobutyl Rubber 20 20 Natural Rubber 40 40 EPDM Rubber2 20 20 Styrene/B~tadiene Rubber 20 20 Titanium Dioxide 30 30 Kaolin Clay 30 30 Stearic Acid Microcrystalline Wax 1.5 1.5 Benzothiazole Type Accelerator 0.75 0.75 Disulfide Type Accelerator 1.25 1.25 Sulfur 0.5 0.5 Zlnc Oxide 10 10 Carbon Black (FEF,N550)3 0 0.7 Ultra Marine Blue4 0.2 0.2 1. White tire sidewall rubber, derived from Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (1978), page 651.
; 2. EPDM rubber, an ethylene/propylene/non-conjugated diene terpolymer r~bber.
3. Obtainable from Cabot Corporation and reported as having an iodine absorption number of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP value of 121 ~/- 5.
2 ~
4. Ultramarine bl~e Pigment identified as #5005 Ultramarine Blue (R5-5) and obtainable from Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, Inc.
The ultramarine bl~e pigment is often used in white colored rubbers and is used in both Exp. A and Exp. B
rubbers. It is considered that it contrib~tes only in a minor way, if at all, as a colorant, as compared to the titanium dioxide and carbon black.
In the practice of this invention, the ingredients, absent the carbon black, are first mixed together to form a white colored compounded rubber composition.
Following such mixing step, the carbon black is then mixed with the rubber composition to form the blue tinted light grey colored compounded rubber.
The Exp. A (Control) and Exp. B sulfur c~red rubbers were measured for their color characteristics by a Gardner XL 20 Colorimeter. The colorimeter was a 1978 model with a tungsten halogen lamp (new lamp in 1990~ having a part No. lT41B, catalog No. CG-5875.
The colorimeter was t~rned on and warmed up for about 20-30 min~tes and calibrated to a white standard (7900-202300).
The following results were obtained as shown in Table 1.
9 ~a ~
Table 2 Test Object (RD) Axis (a) Axis (b) Axis White Standard 85.1 -0.9 +1.2 Exp. A 67.7 -1.7 -0.7 (Control) Exp. B 33.3 -1.8 -4.2 The Exp. A (Control) rubber was white in color.
The Exp. B cured rubber had a visibly light grey color with a definite blue tint.
Normally, absent the selection of the specified carbon black, it would have been expected that the Exp.
B rubber composition would have simply exhibited a grey color without the substantial blue tint.
The test values shown in Table 1 confirm the visual inspection and show that there i8 a definite bl~e presence in the Exp. B rubber indicated by the (b) axis val~e of -4.2.
The test values reported in Table 1 show that the Exp. A rubber was white in color with very little (basically, insignificant) blue presence.
While various carbon blacks might be ~sed in the practice of this invention for the rubber composition, preferably the carbon black is of the N550 type, which has an iodine absorption Number of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP
value of 121 +/- 5 and is apparently the cause of the blue tint.
; While the creation of the blue tint in the rubber composition might not be fully ~nderstood, it is considered that the blue tint was caused by the inclusion of the indicated FEF 550 carbon black.
2 ~ r,7 ~ ~
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the p~rpose of ill~strating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that vario~s changes and modifications may be made therein witho~t departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
The ultramarine bl~e pigment is often used in white colored rubbers and is used in both Exp. A and Exp. B
rubbers. It is considered that it contrib~tes only in a minor way, if at all, as a colorant, as compared to the titanium dioxide and carbon black.
In the practice of this invention, the ingredients, absent the carbon black, are first mixed together to form a white colored compounded rubber composition.
Following such mixing step, the carbon black is then mixed with the rubber composition to form the blue tinted light grey colored compounded rubber.
The Exp. A (Control) and Exp. B sulfur c~red rubbers were measured for their color characteristics by a Gardner XL 20 Colorimeter. The colorimeter was a 1978 model with a tungsten halogen lamp (new lamp in 1990~ having a part No. lT41B, catalog No. CG-5875.
The colorimeter was t~rned on and warmed up for about 20-30 min~tes and calibrated to a white standard (7900-202300).
The following results were obtained as shown in Table 1.
9 ~a ~
Table 2 Test Object (RD) Axis (a) Axis (b) Axis White Standard 85.1 -0.9 +1.2 Exp. A 67.7 -1.7 -0.7 (Control) Exp. B 33.3 -1.8 -4.2 The Exp. A (Control) rubber was white in color.
The Exp. B cured rubber had a visibly light grey color with a definite blue tint.
Normally, absent the selection of the specified carbon black, it would have been expected that the Exp.
B rubber composition would have simply exhibited a grey color without the substantial blue tint.
The test values shown in Table 1 confirm the visual inspection and show that there i8 a definite bl~e presence in the Exp. B rubber indicated by the (b) axis val~e of -4.2.
The test values reported in Table 1 show that the Exp. A rubber was white in color with very little (basically, insignificant) blue presence.
While various carbon blacks might be ~sed in the practice of this invention for the rubber composition, preferably the carbon black is of the N550 type, which has an iodine absorption Number of 43 +/- 5 and a DBP
value of 121 +/- 5 and is apparently the cause of the blue tint.
; While the creation of the blue tint in the rubber composition might not be fully ~nderstood, it is considered that the blue tint was caused by the inclusion of the indicated FEF 550 carbon black.
2 ~ r,7 ~ ~
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the p~rpose of ill~strating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that vario~s changes and modifications may be made therein witho~t departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rubber composition comprised of a sulfur cured rubber containing as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight of said rubber, about 40 to about 50 parts by weight titanium dioxide pigment and about 0.5 to about 1 part by weight carbon black wherein said carbon black is characterized by having an iodine absorption number in the range of about 35 to about 50 and a DBP value in the range of about 115 to about 130.
2. The rubber composition of claim 1 wherein the rubber is selected from at least one of natural rubber, or a blend of natural rubber and at least one of butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, EPDM rubber, polybutadiene rubber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber and styrene/butadiene copolymer rubber.
3. The rubber composition of claim 1 where said carbon black is an FEF N550 carbon black.
4. A rubber composition comprised of a sulfur cured rubber containing as basic colorants, based on 100 parts by weight of said rubber, about 40 to about 50 parts by weight titanium dioxide pigment and about 0.5 to about 1 part by weight carbon black wherein the color of said rubber composition is a color defined bv having an RD value in a range of about 20 to about 40, an (a) axis value of about zero to about -3 and a (b) axis value of about -3 to about -6.
5. The rubber composition of claim 4 where said color description is a Gardner Color as determined by a Gardner XL20 instrument calibrated to a white blank standard to an RD value of 85.1, an (a) value of -0.9 and a (b) value of +1.2.
6. The rubber composition of claim 4 wherein the rubber is selected from at least one of natural rubber, or a blend of natural rubber and at least one of butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber, EPDM rubber, polybutadiene rubber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber, and styrene/butadiene rubber.
7. The rubber composition of claim 4 where said carbon black is an FEF N550 carbon black.
8. The rubber composition of claim 4 where said carbon black is an oil-derived furnace black characterized by having an iodine absorption number in a range of bout 35 to about 50 and a DBP value in a range of about 115 to about 130,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US67971991A | 1991-04-03 | 1991-04-03 | |
| US679,719 | 1991-04-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2054059A1 true CA2054059A1 (en) | 1992-10-04 |
Family
ID=24728071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2054059 Abandoned CA2054059A1 (en) | 1991-04-03 | 1991-10-23 | Rubber composition having blue-tinted grey color |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2054059A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6747087B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-06-08 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Rubber composition for a tire, based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing titanium oxide |
| US6835769B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-12-28 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Rubber composition for a tire, based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing titanium oxide |
| CN110746662A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-04 | 河北万达轮胎有限公司 | Camouflage tire and processing technology thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-10-23 CA CA 2054059 patent/CA2054059A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6747087B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-06-08 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Rubber composition for a tire, based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing titanium oxide |
| US6835769B2 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2004-12-28 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Rubber composition for a tire, based on diene elastomer and a reinforcing titanium oxide |
| CN110746662A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2020-02-04 | 河北万达轮胎有限公司 | Camouflage tire and processing technology thereof |
| CN110746662B (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2022-05-10 | 河北万达轮胎有限公司 | Camouflage tire and processing technology thereof |
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