CA2052986C - Video recorder with distortion corrector circuit - Google Patents
Video recorder with distortion corrector circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CA2052986C CA2052986C CA002052986A CA2052986A CA2052986C CA 2052986 C CA2052986 C CA 2052986C CA 002052986 A CA002052986 A CA 002052986A CA 2052986 A CA2052986 A CA 2052986A CA 2052986 C CA2052986 C CA 2052986C
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- distortion corrector
- modulated brightness
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/92—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/93—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/76—Television signal recording
- H04N5/91—Television signal processing therefor
- H04N5/93—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof
- H04N5/931—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof for restoring the level of the reproduced signal
- H04N5/9315—Regeneration of the television signal or of selected parts thereof for restoring the level of the reproduced signal the level control being frequency dependent
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- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
- Picture Signal Circuits (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Signal Processing Not Specific To The Method Of Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
- Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A distortion corrector circuit (11) arranged in the signal path (1) of the frequency-modulated brightness signal of a video recorder between the video tape (2) and the frequency demodulator (3) acts as a band-pass filter whenever the brightness signals fall below a certain threshold level (U16) and switches to act as an amplitude-controlled transmission time retarder whenever the brightness signals exceed the said threshold level. The phase errors produced during recording and transmission are substantially compensated in the latter mode, while in the former state oscillation sequences with atrophied oscillations have their amplitude resuscitated by the resonance effect. The threshold level (U16) is set by means of a disturbed signal recognition circuit (21) that detects the number and rate of the oscillations that do not exceed a certain recognition threshold of the disturbed signal recognition circuit that lies close to the switching point line of the frequency demodulator. In this way the distortion corrector circuit is adapted to the different reproduction qualities of different video tapes in such a manner as to obtain image reproduction with the least possible disturbance and the greatest possible definition.
Description
P 40 35 309.5 G. Reime-021 Description Video recorder with distortion corrector circuit The present invention relates to a video recorder with a distortion corrector circuit in accordance with the precharacterizing part of Claim 1 or Claim 6.
From the German patent specification DE-3809394 there is known a distortion corrector circuit ar-ranged in the signal path for processing the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals of a video recorder and containing a band-pass filter that is tuned to the deflection range of the part of the brightness signal that actually reproduces the brightness. This band-pass filter consists of a filter circuit com-ponent located in the signal path and a coupling component arranged downstream thereof. A diode switch is also connected in parallel with the output of the t~",',' filter circuit component. When the oscillation amp-litudes of the frequency-modulated brightness signal at the output side of the filter circuit component exceed a switching voltage of the diode switch, the said voltage being defined in the vicinity of the Election point of the diode switch characteristic, the diode switch will pass from a blocked state a .. .. ;, ~ ,:: sc ~., - . > . . .~.- .. ; ,.;~
,..
;.,.
(off-state) to a conducting state (on-state) in this part of the characteristic and, together with the filter circuit component and the conducting state d.c. resistance of the diode switch, will form a transit-time controller with an amplitude-dependent retardation of the transit time of the frequency-modulated brightness signal. In this switching state of the distortion corrector circuit the transit time of the frequency-modulated brightness signals is therefore retarded in a manner proportional to the amplitude of their oscillations, so that these sig-nals have their transit time corrected. This transit time retardation compensates frequency and phase frequency characteristic errors, especially in the lower-frequency range of the lower sideband of the carrier frequencies of the frequency-modulated brightness signal immediately adjacent to the range of variation of the carrier oscillations, so that the amplitude-modulated brightness signals at the output side of the frequency modulator will maintain r' a linear frequency characteristic up to very high video frequencies (beyond 3 MHz), thereby making it possible to attain a very high image resolution in the image reproduction from the videotape without any additional noise.
From the German patent specification DE-3809394 there is known a distortion corrector circuit ar-ranged in the signal path for processing the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals of a video recorder and containing a band-pass filter that is tuned to the deflection range of the part of the brightness signal that actually reproduces the brightness. This band-pass filter consists of a filter circuit com-ponent located in the signal path and a coupling component arranged downstream thereof. A diode switch is also connected in parallel with the output of the t~",',' filter circuit component. When the oscillation amp-litudes of the frequency-modulated brightness signal at the output side of the filter circuit component exceed a switching voltage of the diode switch, the said voltage being defined in the vicinity of the Election point of the diode switch characteristic, the diode switch will pass from a blocked state a .. .. ;, ~ ,:: sc ~., - . > . . .~.- .. ; ,.;~
,..
;.,.
(off-state) to a conducting state (on-state) in this part of the characteristic and, together with the filter circuit component and the conducting state d.c. resistance of the diode switch, will form a transit-time controller with an amplitude-dependent retardation of the transit time of the frequency-modulated brightness signal. In this switching state of the distortion corrector circuit the transit time of the frequency-modulated brightness signals is therefore retarded in a manner proportional to the amplitude of their oscillations, so that these sig-nals have their transit time corrected. This transit time retardation compensates frequency and phase frequency characteristic errors, especially in the lower-frequency range of the lower sideband of the carrier frequencies of the frequency-modulated brightness signal immediately adjacent to the range of variation of the carrier oscillations, so that the amplitude-modulated brightness signals at the output side of the frequency modulator will maintain r' a linear frequency characteristic up to very high video frequencies (beyond 3 MHz), thereby making it possible to attain a very high image resolution in the image reproduction from the videotape without any additional noise.
~j On the other hand, given small oscillation ampli-tulles of the transmitted frequency-modulated bright-ness signals that do not exceed the threshold value of the diode switch and therefore maintain the diode switch in its off-state, so that the entire distor-tion corrector circuit will be in the state of band-pass filter operation, the resonance effects of the band-pass filter, which to all intents and purposes trigger the basic or carrier oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal, will make themselves felt. This leads to the suppression of fix, the low oscillations of the lower sideband of the frequency-modulated brightness signals, the said frequencies having superposed on them the carrier frequencies of the frequency-modulated brightness signals and being capable - given adequate ampli-tulles in the vicinity of their maximum amplitude -of taking the carrier frequencies of the frequency-modulated brightness signal out of the switching range of the frequency modulator. Furthermore, this will also increase the amplitude of the carrier oscillations themselves and reduce the noise signals in the frequency range above the carrier oscillations.
These measures ensure that a sharper image will be reproduced on the screen. Furthermore, the arrange-ment substantially eliminates the edge noises that disturb image reproduction, especially the noises ~5~~~~
due to vertical brightness edges, as well as dis-turbing reflections and the defects described as "flitter".
However, the practical application of these measures has shown that the quality of the recording of video information on the tape of a video cassette and the quality of the video tapes themselves are so widely divergent as to make it impossible to find a design or dimensioning of the known distortion corrector circuit that can cover in a satisfactory manner this wide range of differences in quality of the video cassettes to be reproduced.
Starting from this insight, the present invention is therefore underlain by the task of further develop-ing a video recorder of the type just described and of doing so in such a manner that - over a very wide range of the disturbed oscillation behaviour of the frequency-modulated brightness signal - the distortion corrector circuit will perform the ampli-tude-dependent compensation of the transit time and will further compensate the disturbed oscilla-tions in such a way as to ensure image reproduction with the least possible disturbances while maintain-ing the greatest possible sharpness of the image.
According to the present invention, this task is solved by the measures described in the character-izing part of Claim 1 or Claim 6.
These measures ensure that a sharper image will be reproduced on the screen. Furthermore, the arrange-ment substantially eliminates the edge noises that disturb image reproduction, especially the noises ~5~~~~
due to vertical brightness edges, as well as dis-turbing reflections and the defects described as "flitter".
However, the practical application of these measures has shown that the quality of the recording of video information on the tape of a video cassette and the quality of the video tapes themselves are so widely divergent as to make it impossible to find a design or dimensioning of the known distortion corrector circuit that can cover in a satisfactory manner this wide range of differences in quality of the video cassettes to be reproduced.
Starting from this insight, the present invention is therefore underlain by the task of further develop-ing a video recorder of the type just described and of doing so in such a manner that - over a very wide range of the disturbed oscillation behaviour of the frequency-modulated brightness signal - the distortion corrector circuit will perform the ampli-tude-dependent compensation of the transit time and will further compensate the disturbed oscilla-tions in such a way as to ensure image reproduction with the least possible disturbances while maintain-ing the greatest possible sharpness of the image.
According to the present invention, this task is solved by the measures described in the character-izing part of Claim 1 or Claim 6.
The starting point of the solution is represented by the insight that disturbances will occur during the reproduction of video images above all when the am-plitudes of the slow oscillations of the lower side-band of the frequency-modulated brightness signals arrive at the order of magnitude of the carrier oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signals. A substantial attenuation of these repro-duction disturbances can therefore be obtained by reducing the ratio between the amplitudes of the low oscillations of the lower sideband and the ampli-tudes of the carrier oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal. These measures of the present invention have the effect of setting the starting level of a transmission circuit upstream of the distortion corrector circuit or the switching level of the threshold switch via the ascertained average fault rate and an appropriate setting signal formed therefrom and to do this in such a manner that the distortion corrector circuit will to all intents and purposes still be working as an ampli-tude-controlled transit-time retarder Circuit and ensure playback of the image with the beat possible sharpness and the least possible disturbances due to flitter and edge noises.
As soon as image reproduction becomes subject to additional disturbances with an error rate that sub-stantially exceeds the average error rate, the level of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit or the threshold voltage of the threshold switch is changed to such an extent that the distortion cor-rector circuit will be caused by these disturbed frequency-modulated brightness signals to pass pre-dominantly into the switching state of a band-pass filter circuit and - for the entire duration of this high disturbance rate - will work predominantly in the band-pass filter state and will therefore com-pensate the disturbed pattern of the oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal in such a manner as to ensure that these oscillations will no longer produce any noticeable disturbances on the screen.
The setting of the level of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distor-tion corrector circuit, just like the setting of the switching level of the threshold switch of the distortion corrector circuit, acts like a displace-ment into a range in which the distortion corrector circuit is always set for the reproduction of video images with optimal sharpness (definition). In this way the image reproduction of a video recorder in accordance with the present invention is optimally matched to the quality of the video recording on a video tape, to the quality of the tape material itself, and the reproduction characteristics of the video recorder. The measures in accordance with the present invention therefore make it possible to re-produce video images on a screen with a considerable quality improvement as compared with the previous state of the art of image reproduction, i.e. rela-tively free of disturbances and with the best poss-ible definition, and this even when the quality of the recording is poor and the reproduction channel employed is of poor transmission quality.
The dependent claims describe advantageous embodi-ments of the invention, which will be discussed in greater detail in the description hereinbelow. The appended drawings can be briefly described as follows:
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a signal path in accordance with the invention to be followed by the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a recording support in a video recorder, Figure 2 shows the diagrams a), b)'and c) illustrat-ing the production of the setting signal to set an optimal quality of image reproduction, such signal being dependent on the rate of disturbed oscillations, ~~~ c~,~~3~
Figure 3 shows the diagrams of the frequency pattern of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 for a recording and FM transmission of high, medium and low quality, Figure 4 shows diagrams (a) to (d3) of the sequence of oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit (4a) and on the input side of the threshold switch (4b), of the output signals of the disturbed oscillation detector (4c1, 4c2, 4c3) and of the rate of disturbed signals (4d1, 4d2, 4d3) in the case of high, medium and low transmission quality, Figure 5 shows the block diagram of another embodi ment of the signal path in accordance with the in v~ention to be followed by the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a recording support 'v in a video recorder, and Figure 6 shows diagrams (a) to (c2) illustrating the mode of action of the disturbed oscillation detector contained in the disturbance detection circuit of the embodiment shown in Figure 5 in the event of a particularly high local disturbance rate.
~~~~~~~
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of an embodiment of the signal path 1 in a video recorder for the fre quency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a video tape 2. This embodiment extends from the video tape 2 inserted in the video recorder right through to the frequency demodulator 3 included in the sig-nal path 1, the said frequency demodulator being used to convert the frequency-modulated brightness signal from an FM signal into an AM signal. The video signals recorded on the video tape 2 are scanned by the video head 4 of the video recorder and then pass to the signal input 13 of the frequency demodulator 3 via a head amplifier 5, a separating filter circuit 6, a buffer amplifier 10, a distor-tion corrector circuit 11, and a further buffer amplifier 12. The separating filter circuit 6 serves to separate the frequency-modulated brightness sig-nals from other signals scanned from the video tape 2. In the embodiment here illustrated the distortion _, corrector circuit 11 consists of ari inductive filter circuit component 14, a capacitative coupling com-ponent 15 on the downstream side thereof, and a threshold switch 16 connected to the signal path 1 at a point between the said filter circuit component 14 and the said coupling component 15, where the switching level U16 of the threshold switch 16 can be set by means of a setting signal acting via the setting input 27. The filter circuit component 14 and the coupling component 15 of the distortion cor-rector circuit 11 are designed and dimensioned in such a manner that - when the threshold switch 16 is in the nonconducting state - these two circuit com-ponents will form a band-pass filter 19 with a band-width such as to transmit the range of variation of the carrier oscillation of the frequency-modulated video signal, the frequency of the said oscillation being the direct representation of the brightness of the image line to be transmitted. Furthermore, the filter circuit component 14 is so designed and so dimensioned that - when the threshold switch 16 is in the conducting state - the filter circuit 16, together with the conducting-state resistance 25 of the threshold switch, will constitute a transit-time retarder 14/25 to control the transit time as a function of the amplitude. This transit time con-troller substantially compensates the phase errors that the frequency-modulated brightness signal has suffered during the recording on the video tape 2 and the subsequent scanning therefrom.
A disturbance recognition circuit 21 is connected to the signal path 1 in the distortion corrector cir-cuit 11 via another buffer amplifier 20. In the em-bodiment here illustrated this disturbance recogni-tion circuit contains a disturbed oscillation detec-tor 22, a disturbance (error) rate circuit 23, and a l0 ~~5~~~~
setting signal generator 24. The disturbed oscilla-tion detector 22 recognizes individual oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal trans°
mitted through the signal path 1 that are either missing or do not exceed a certain recognition threshold, producing an error signal F every time such a disturbed oscillation is detected. The error rate circuit 23 uses the rate of these error signals F to form an electric error rate signal 30 (Figure 2a) and this signal is then used by the setting sig-nal generator 24 to produce a setting signal 31 (Figure 2b) for the setting input 27 of the threshold switch 16 that corresponds to the magni-tude of the error rate signal 30.
Given the presence of the disturbance. recognition circuit 21 and the adjustable value of the threshold level U16 that it controls, it becomes possible to match the distortion corrector circuit il to the different recording qualities of the video tapes 2 and the transmission quality of the scanned signal up to the signal input 28 of the distortion correc tor circuit in the signal path 1 for the frequency modulated brightness signals. The diagram of Figure 3 shows the frequency response of the amplitudes A(FM) of the frequency-modulated brightness signals plotted over the frequency axis f for three differ ent recording qualities at the signal input 28 of I
~~5~~~~
the distortion corrector circuit 11, namely high quality (Curve 32), normal quality (Curve 33) and poor quality (Curve 34). This diagram indicates a range of variation 35 of the carrier oscillations 36 of the frequency-modulated brightness signal the frequency f(L) of these oscillations character-izing the actual brightness value of the trans-mitted signal. This range is followed on the low-frequency side by the lower sideband 37, of which the oscillations 38 are responsible for the re-solution and/or the sharpness of the reproduced video image. In the embodiment here illustrated the frequency f(L) of the schematically represented car-rier oscillation is 2.5 times greater than the fre-quency f(SB) of the sideband oscillation represented by the vertical distance 38 that is superposed on the carrier oscillation 36. The effect of this superposition is that the oscillation sequence of the carrier oscillation will from time to time go beyond the zero line area of the frequency°modulated brightness signals transmitted in signal path 1 and thus cause disturbances during the demodulation in the frequency demodulator 3 (as schematically illus-trated in diagram a) of Figure 4). This diagram pro-vides a schematic illustration of the oscillation sequences 38.1, 38.2 and 38.3 of the sideband oscil-lation 38 for a recording of high quality (38.1), a ~~5~~~~
recording of normal quality (38.2) and a recording of poor quality (38.3) onto which there are super-posed the carrier oscillations 36 of a recording of high quality, a recording of normal quality and a recording of poor quality, thus producing the oscil-lation sequences 39.1, 39.2 and 39.3 of a frequency-modulated brightness signal of a recording of high quality (39.1), normal quality (39.2) and poor quality (39.3) shown in diagram a). It can be seen from this diagram that the half-wave 39.22 of the oscillation sequence 39..2 of a normal recording quality and the_ half-waves 39.32 and 39.35 of the oscillation sequence 39.3 of a poor recording quality do not overstep the zero line 26 of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signal. Also plotted in diagram a).of Figure 4 are the lines 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3, which correspond to the threshold values U16:1; U16.2 and U16.3 of the threshold switch that are set by the setting signal 31 of the disturbance recognition circuit 21 at the setting input 27 of the threshold switch 16 during the transmission of fre-quency-modulated brightness signals in a recording' of high quality (Line 40.1), normal quality (Line 40.2) and poor quality (Line 40.3). Within the area round the zero line 26 that is delimited by the dines 40.1 or 40.2 or 40.3 the distortion corrector circuit 11 acts as a band-pass filter for the carrier oscillations 36 of the frequency-modulated 2~~~~~~
brightness signals, while outside this area it be-haves as an amplitude-controlled transit-time re-tarder whose retardation time is determined by the part of the amplitude that lies beyond these deli-mitation lines 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3. In the embodi-ment here illustrated the switching process takes place with a switching pattern that corresponds to that of a switching diode at the flection point of its characteristic. Demodulation disturbances due to the switching process are therefore avoided.
Diagram b) of Figure 4 illustrates the oscillation sequences 45.1, 45.2 and 45.3 that the distortion corrector circuit 11, acting under the influence of the set threshold levels U16.1, U16.2 and U16.3, has formed at the signal input 29 of the threshold switch 16 from the oscillation sequences 39.1 to 39.3 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals in the signal path 1 illustrated in Figure 4a and which are evaluated by the disturbance recognition circuit 21.
Given the inductive intermediate storage of the electric energy of the part of the half-waves that exceeds the threshold level while the distortion corrector circuit operates as a transit-time retard-er, the amplitude of the subsequent half-wave 39.22 will become considerably enlarged when the distor-tion corrector circuit acts as a band-pass filter, so that in the embodiment here illustrated the half-~~5~~~3~
wave 45.22 of the oscillation sequence 45.2 in the signal path 1 at the signal input 29 of the threshold switch 16 will overstep the zero line 46 (Figure 4b), which is also the switching-point line of the frequency demodulator 3. Consequently, all the half-waves of the oscillation sequences 39.1 to 39.3 illustrated in diagram a) of Figure 4, which have their counterpart in the oscillation sequences 45.1 to 45.3 in diagram b) of Figure 4, will be evaluated by the frequency modulator 3. In diagram b) of Figure 4, there are also shown - on either side of the zero line (or switching-point line) 46 and lying close to it - the lines 47.1 and 47.2 which, form the a switching threshold for recognition thresholds Ue1 and Ue2 of the oscillation disturbance detector 22 of the disturbance recognition circuit 21 referred to the signal path 1. As soon as one of the os-cillations of the oscillation sequences 45.1 to 45.3 shown in diagram b) of Figure 4 exceeds one of the re-cognition thresholds 47.1 or 47.2, the discharge switch 41 (in the example here illustrated), will discharge the charging capacitor 42 of a charging component 43 of the disturbed oscillation detector 22. This dis-charge takes in a fraction of the length of a half-oscillation, so that the charging capacitor 42 can recharge before the attainment of a charging limit or the next discharge through the discharge switch ~~~,~~~
41. The charging circuit is dimensioned in such a manner as to ensure that the charging voltage U42 at the charging capacitor 42 will not exceed a charging threshold U44 of a charge detector 44 connected to the said charging capacitor 42 within the greatest possible oscillation width TB of a half-wave of the carrier oscillations in the distortion corrector circuit 11. The charging threshold U44, in its turn, is so dimensioned .that the charging voltage U42 of the charging capacitor 42 will be greater than the charging threshold U44 when the charging capacitor 42 is charged during the~smallest oscillation time of a carrier oscillation 36. The curves of the charging voltages U42 at the charging capacitor 42 are shown schematically in Figure 4 for a record-ing of high quality (c1), a recording of normal quality (c2), and a recording of poor quality (c3).
These diagrams include a line 49 representing the charging threshold U44. Although the half-wave 45.22 for a normal-quality recording in diagram 4b does Fx cross the switching-point line 46, this is no longer the case as regards the subsequent recogni-tion threshold 47.2. Consequently, the charging curve 48 in diagram 4c2 will cross the line 49 of the charging threshold U44 at time t23, so that the charge detector 44 will at this time produce an error signal F for the error (disturbance) rate circuit 23, as illustrated in diagram d2) of Figure ~~5~~~'~
4 for the scanning of a video tape with normal re-cording quality. During the schematically represent-ed transmission of a recording of low quality (oscillation sequence 45.3) the half-wave 45.32 does not reach the appropriate recognition threshold 47.2 and the half-wave 45.35 of the same oscillation sequence 45.3 - after overstepping the switching-point line 46 - does not reach the re-cognition threshold 47.1, so that the oscillatian sequence 48 in diagram 4c3 will overstep the line 49 of the charging threshold U44 at both time t33 and time t36: the charging detector 44 - as illus-trated in diagram d3) of Figure 4 for the reproduction of a poor-quality image of the video tape 2 - will therefore produce an error signal F at both moments of time.
As can be seen from diagrams d2) to d3) of Figure 4, of which diagram di does nat contain any error signals F, the density or rate of the error signals F increases as the recording quality diminishes, so that the error rate signal 30, which is formed by the error rate circuit 23 and illustrated in diagram b) of Figure 2, represents a measure of the record-ing quality and the transmission quality of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals up to the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11. The setting signal generator 24 on the downstream side c of the error rate circuit 23 uses the error rate signal 30 to form a setting signal 31 for setting the switching threshold U16 of the threshold switch 1.6 in such a way that - as fax as possible - all the half-waves of the oscillation sequence of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals passing through the distortion corrector circuit 11 will at least just cross the switching-point line 46. The dis-turbance recognition circuit 21 will therefore set a switching threshold U16 at the threshold switch 16 that will correspond to the average recording quali-ty of the image playback that is being transmitted at that instant and yield the best possible image definition with an image reproduction that is just free of disturbance. In the embodiment here illus-trated, the switching threshold U16 of the of the threshold switch 16 is gradually lowered (from U16.1 to U16.3) as the recording quality diminishes (from curve 32 to curve 34 in the diagram of Figure 3).
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the signal path for the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a.video support 2 in a video recorder according to the present invention. Identical cir-cuit components and signals always bear the same reference number as in Figure 1. The embodiment illustrated by Figure 5 essentially differs from the embodiment of such a signal path shown in Figure 1 2~ a~~~
by virtue of the fact that the distortion corrector circuit is preceded by an adjustable transmission circuit in the form of damping circuit 8 and, fur-ther, that the setting signal 31 produced by the disturbance recognition circuit 21 is applied to the setting input 27 of the damping circuit 8 and that the threshold switch 17 of this embodiment is made up of two antiparallel switching diodes 18, whence its switching threshold U17 is determined by the flection point of the characteristic of the two antiparallel switching diodes 18. In the embodiment here illustrated, the damping circuit 8 consists es-sentially of two derivation diodes 50 connected to the signal path 1 and a series resistance 51 arrang-ed in the signal path upstream of the said derivat-ion diodes. The series resistance 51, together with the volume resistances of the derivation diodes (which can be set by means of a d.c. setting volt-age), constitutes a voltage divider for the frequen-cy-modulated brightness signals arriving at the sig-nal input 7 of the damping circuit 8. Damping of the frequency-modulated brightness signals in the embo-diment according to Figure 5 has its counterpart in a raising of the switching threshold U16 from, for example, U16.3 to U16.1 in the embodiment according to Figure 1.
The thin unbroken line 52 in diagram a) of Figure 6 represents an oscillation sequence of the frequency-modulated brightness signals at the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 for normal recording quality of image reproduction. This recording quality has its counterpart in a rate of error signals F that is shown in diagram a) of Figure 2 to the left of the dividing line 53 and which produces an error rate signal 30 in the error rate circuit 23. This error rate signal, in its turn, produces a setting current I in the setting signal generator 24 of the disturbed signal recognition circuit 21 that will set the damping factor of the damping circuit 8 in such a manner that the mean . value of the amplitudes of the normal half-oscil-lations 52.0 to 52.2 and 52.8 and 52.9 of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals at the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 will constitute a certain ratio with the threshold level U17.0 applied to the said signal input 28. By means of the direct--current setting voltage, this ratio is set in such a manner that the reproduced image will have the best possible definition and the least possible disturbances. A disturbance is indicated between the half-waves 52.2 and 52.8 of the oscillation sequence 52 of the frequency-modul-ated brightness signals. As is shown in diagrams b1) and ci) of Figure 6, this disturbance triggers ~~~~,~
additional error signals F in the disturbed signal recognition circuit 21. As these additional error signals accumulate, they will cause a considerable increase in the rate of the error signals F, this new condition being indicated in diagram a) of Fig-ure 2 to the right of the dividing line 53. As can clearly be seen from diagram b) of Figure 2, this leads to a considerable step-up in the error rate signal 30. This temporary increase of the error rate signal 30 causes a change in the setting cur-rent I produced by the setting signal generator 24, so that the damping factor of the damping circuit 8 will become greater. The oscillation sequence of the more strongly damped brightness signal corresponding to the greater disturbance rate shown to the right of the dividing line 53 of the diagrams in Figure 2 is represented in diagram a) of Figure 6 by the thick unbroken line 54. Given this damping of the original oscillation sequence 52 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals, proportionally greater parts of the oscillation sequence of the frequency-modulated brightness signals will now fall within the range in which the distortion corrector circuit 11 operates as a band-pass filter, namely the parts of the oscillation sequence 54 that are projected between the lines 40.4 and 40.5 of the switching threshold U17 of the threshold switch 17 applied to the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector ~~5~~t~
circuit 11. This measure ensures that the distor-tion corrector circuit 11 will tend to centre the oscillations of the disturbed parts of the oscilla-Lion sequence 54 more closely around the zero line 46 of the oscillation sequence 54 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals. The said zero line 46 is also the switching-point line of the frequency demodulator 3. In the disturbed zone, therefore, the disturbance signals on the screen will be con-siderably reduced and, at one and the same time, the image sharpness will be enhanced to the great-est possible extent. The disturbance zone thus regulated by the disturbed signal recognition cir-cuit 21 produces an appropriately higher rate of error signals F that is added to the error rate corresponding to the recording quality as in-dicated in diagram a) of Figure 2 to the right of the dividing line 55; for as.long as this higher er-ror rate pertains, it will raise the value of the error rate signal 30 shown schematically in dia-grams b) and c) of Figure 2. This setting signal shown in diagram c) of Figure 2, which will remain in being for as long as the greater error rate prevails, will set the damping circuit 8 in such a manner that the oscillation sequence 54 of the frequency-modulated brightness signal will be applied to the signal input 28 of the distortion ~,~95~~~' a corrector circuit 11. mhe additional rate of error signals F (diagram e2 of Figure 6), which in the regulated state of the setting signal 31 (diagram c of Figure 2) characterizes the magnitude of the dis-turbance of the disturbed part of the signal and whose production process is schematically illustrat-ed by diagrams b) and c) of Figure 6, will maintain this setting until such time as the local disturb-ance causing the higher error rate has disappeared.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, moreover, an integrating level regulator 56 is connected to the signal path 1 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11. The level reg-ulator 56 measures the average signal level in the signal path 1 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 and, in the embodi-ment here illustrated, will set the setting current through the derivation diodes 50 of the damping cir-cuit 8, always provided that this proves necessary, in such a manner as to ensure that the average sig-nal level upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 will not fall below a value below which the image reproduction guality would be substantially reduced on account of an ex-cessively low signal level.
~~5~~~~
In a further embodiment, which will not be discussed in greater detail, the adjustable transmission ircuit 8 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 takes the form of a symmetrical amplifier with a setting input that permits its amplification factor to be set, by means of an appropriate setting signal, to such value as may from time to time be required.
Legend 1 Signal path 2 Video tape 3 Frequency demodulator 4 Video head Head amplifier 6 Separating filter circuit 7 Input of damping circuit s Damping circuit 9 Output of damping circuit Buffer amplifier 11 Distortion corrector circuit 12 Second buffer amplifier 13 Signal input of frequency demodulator .
14 Filter circuit component Coupling component 16 Threshold switch (Figure 1) 17 Threshold switch (Figure 5) 18 Antiparallel switching diodes 19 Band-pass filter Third buffer amplifier 21 Disturbed signal recognition circuit 22 Disturbed oscillation detector 23 Error (disturbance) rate circuit 24 Setting signal generator Conducting state resistance ~~5~~~~
26 Brightness signal zero line 27 Setting input of threshold switch (in Figure 1) 28 Setting input of damping circuit (in Figure 1) 29 Signal input of threshold switch 30 Error rate signal , 31 Setting signal 32 High-quality recording 33 Normal-quality recording 34 Poor-quality recording 35 Range of variation of carrier oscillations 36 Carrier oscillations 37 Lower sideband 38 Lower sideband oscillations 41 Discharge switch 42 Charging capacitor 43 Charging circuit 44 Charge detector 50 Derivation diodes 51 Series resistance 56 Level regulator
As soon as image reproduction becomes subject to additional disturbances with an error rate that sub-stantially exceeds the average error rate, the level of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit or the threshold voltage of the threshold switch is changed to such an extent that the distortion cor-rector circuit will be caused by these disturbed frequency-modulated brightness signals to pass pre-dominantly into the switching state of a band-pass filter circuit and - for the entire duration of this high disturbance rate - will work predominantly in the band-pass filter state and will therefore com-pensate the disturbed pattern of the oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal in such a manner as to ensure that these oscillations will no longer produce any noticeable disturbances on the screen.
The setting of the level of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distor-tion corrector circuit, just like the setting of the switching level of the threshold switch of the distortion corrector circuit, acts like a displace-ment into a range in which the distortion corrector circuit is always set for the reproduction of video images with optimal sharpness (definition). In this way the image reproduction of a video recorder in accordance with the present invention is optimally matched to the quality of the video recording on a video tape, to the quality of the tape material itself, and the reproduction characteristics of the video recorder. The measures in accordance with the present invention therefore make it possible to re-produce video images on a screen with a considerable quality improvement as compared with the previous state of the art of image reproduction, i.e. rela-tively free of disturbances and with the best poss-ible definition, and this even when the quality of the recording is poor and the reproduction channel employed is of poor transmission quality.
The dependent claims describe advantageous embodi-ments of the invention, which will be discussed in greater detail in the description hereinbelow. The appended drawings can be briefly described as follows:
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a signal path in accordance with the invention to be followed by the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a recording support in a video recorder, Figure 2 shows the diagrams a), b)'and c) illustrat-ing the production of the setting signal to set an optimal quality of image reproduction, such signal being dependent on the rate of disturbed oscillations, ~~~ c~,~~3~
Figure 3 shows the diagrams of the frequency pattern of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 for a recording and FM transmission of high, medium and low quality, Figure 4 shows diagrams (a) to (d3) of the sequence of oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal on the input side of the distortion corrector circuit (4a) and on the input side of the threshold switch (4b), of the output signals of the disturbed oscillation detector (4c1, 4c2, 4c3) and of the rate of disturbed signals (4d1, 4d2, 4d3) in the case of high, medium and low transmission quality, Figure 5 shows the block diagram of another embodi ment of the signal path in accordance with the in v~ention to be followed by the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a recording support 'v in a video recorder, and Figure 6 shows diagrams (a) to (c2) illustrating the mode of action of the disturbed oscillation detector contained in the disturbance detection circuit of the embodiment shown in Figure 5 in the event of a particularly high local disturbance rate.
~~~~~~~
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of an embodiment of the signal path 1 in a video recorder for the fre quency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a video tape 2. This embodiment extends from the video tape 2 inserted in the video recorder right through to the frequency demodulator 3 included in the sig-nal path 1, the said frequency demodulator being used to convert the frequency-modulated brightness signal from an FM signal into an AM signal. The video signals recorded on the video tape 2 are scanned by the video head 4 of the video recorder and then pass to the signal input 13 of the frequency demodulator 3 via a head amplifier 5, a separating filter circuit 6, a buffer amplifier 10, a distor-tion corrector circuit 11, and a further buffer amplifier 12. The separating filter circuit 6 serves to separate the frequency-modulated brightness sig-nals from other signals scanned from the video tape 2. In the embodiment here illustrated the distortion _, corrector circuit 11 consists of ari inductive filter circuit component 14, a capacitative coupling com-ponent 15 on the downstream side thereof, and a threshold switch 16 connected to the signal path 1 at a point between the said filter circuit component 14 and the said coupling component 15, where the switching level U16 of the threshold switch 16 can be set by means of a setting signal acting via the setting input 27. The filter circuit component 14 and the coupling component 15 of the distortion cor-rector circuit 11 are designed and dimensioned in such a manner that - when the threshold switch 16 is in the nonconducting state - these two circuit com-ponents will form a band-pass filter 19 with a band-width such as to transmit the range of variation of the carrier oscillation of the frequency-modulated video signal, the frequency of the said oscillation being the direct representation of the brightness of the image line to be transmitted. Furthermore, the filter circuit component 14 is so designed and so dimensioned that - when the threshold switch 16 is in the conducting state - the filter circuit 16, together with the conducting-state resistance 25 of the threshold switch, will constitute a transit-time retarder 14/25 to control the transit time as a function of the amplitude. This transit time con-troller substantially compensates the phase errors that the frequency-modulated brightness signal has suffered during the recording on the video tape 2 and the subsequent scanning therefrom.
A disturbance recognition circuit 21 is connected to the signal path 1 in the distortion corrector cir-cuit 11 via another buffer amplifier 20. In the em-bodiment here illustrated this disturbance recogni-tion circuit contains a disturbed oscillation detec-tor 22, a disturbance (error) rate circuit 23, and a l0 ~~5~~~~
setting signal generator 24. The disturbed oscilla-tion detector 22 recognizes individual oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal trans°
mitted through the signal path 1 that are either missing or do not exceed a certain recognition threshold, producing an error signal F every time such a disturbed oscillation is detected. The error rate circuit 23 uses the rate of these error signals F to form an electric error rate signal 30 (Figure 2a) and this signal is then used by the setting sig-nal generator 24 to produce a setting signal 31 (Figure 2b) for the setting input 27 of the threshold switch 16 that corresponds to the magni-tude of the error rate signal 30.
Given the presence of the disturbance. recognition circuit 21 and the adjustable value of the threshold level U16 that it controls, it becomes possible to match the distortion corrector circuit il to the different recording qualities of the video tapes 2 and the transmission quality of the scanned signal up to the signal input 28 of the distortion correc tor circuit in the signal path 1 for the frequency modulated brightness signals. The diagram of Figure 3 shows the frequency response of the amplitudes A(FM) of the frequency-modulated brightness signals plotted over the frequency axis f for three differ ent recording qualities at the signal input 28 of I
~~5~~~~
the distortion corrector circuit 11, namely high quality (Curve 32), normal quality (Curve 33) and poor quality (Curve 34). This diagram indicates a range of variation 35 of the carrier oscillations 36 of the frequency-modulated brightness signal the frequency f(L) of these oscillations character-izing the actual brightness value of the trans-mitted signal. This range is followed on the low-frequency side by the lower sideband 37, of which the oscillations 38 are responsible for the re-solution and/or the sharpness of the reproduced video image. In the embodiment here illustrated the frequency f(L) of the schematically represented car-rier oscillation is 2.5 times greater than the fre-quency f(SB) of the sideband oscillation represented by the vertical distance 38 that is superposed on the carrier oscillation 36. The effect of this superposition is that the oscillation sequence of the carrier oscillation will from time to time go beyond the zero line area of the frequency°modulated brightness signals transmitted in signal path 1 and thus cause disturbances during the demodulation in the frequency demodulator 3 (as schematically illus-trated in diagram a) of Figure 4). This diagram pro-vides a schematic illustration of the oscillation sequences 38.1, 38.2 and 38.3 of the sideband oscil-lation 38 for a recording of high quality (38.1), a ~~5~~~~
recording of normal quality (38.2) and a recording of poor quality (38.3) onto which there are super-posed the carrier oscillations 36 of a recording of high quality, a recording of normal quality and a recording of poor quality, thus producing the oscil-lation sequences 39.1, 39.2 and 39.3 of a frequency-modulated brightness signal of a recording of high quality (39.1), normal quality (39.2) and poor quality (39.3) shown in diagram a). It can be seen from this diagram that the half-wave 39.22 of the oscillation sequence 39..2 of a normal recording quality and the_ half-waves 39.32 and 39.35 of the oscillation sequence 39.3 of a poor recording quality do not overstep the zero line 26 of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signal. Also plotted in diagram a).of Figure 4 are the lines 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3, which correspond to the threshold values U16:1; U16.2 and U16.3 of the threshold switch that are set by the setting signal 31 of the disturbance recognition circuit 21 at the setting input 27 of the threshold switch 16 during the transmission of fre-quency-modulated brightness signals in a recording' of high quality (Line 40.1), normal quality (Line 40.2) and poor quality (Line 40.3). Within the area round the zero line 26 that is delimited by the dines 40.1 or 40.2 or 40.3 the distortion corrector circuit 11 acts as a band-pass filter for the carrier oscillations 36 of the frequency-modulated 2~~~~~~
brightness signals, while outside this area it be-haves as an amplitude-controlled transit-time re-tarder whose retardation time is determined by the part of the amplitude that lies beyond these deli-mitation lines 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3. In the embodi-ment here illustrated the switching process takes place with a switching pattern that corresponds to that of a switching diode at the flection point of its characteristic. Demodulation disturbances due to the switching process are therefore avoided.
Diagram b) of Figure 4 illustrates the oscillation sequences 45.1, 45.2 and 45.3 that the distortion corrector circuit 11, acting under the influence of the set threshold levels U16.1, U16.2 and U16.3, has formed at the signal input 29 of the threshold switch 16 from the oscillation sequences 39.1 to 39.3 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals in the signal path 1 illustrated in Figure 4a and which are evaluated by the disturbance recognition circuit 21.
Given the inductive intermediate storage of the electric energy of the part of the half-waves that exceeds the threshold level while the distortion corrector circuit operates as a transit-time retard-er, the amplitude of the subsequent half-wave 39.22 will become considerably enlarged when the distor-tion corrector circuit acts as a band-pass filter, so that in the embodiment here illustrated the half-~~5~~~3~
wave 45.22 of the oscillation sequence 45.2 in the signal path 1 at the signal input 29 of the threshold switch 16 will overstep the zero line 46 (Figure 4b), which is also the switching-point line of the frequency demodulator 3. Consequently, all the half-waves of the oscillation sequences 39.1 to 39.3 illustrated in diagram a) of Figure 4, which have their counterpart in the oscillation sequences 45.1 to 45.3 in diagram b) of Figure 4, will be evaluated by the frequency modulator 3. In diagram b) of Figure 4, there are also shown - on either side of the zero line (or switching-point line) 46 and lying close to it - the lines 47.1 and 47.2 which, form the a switching threshold for recognition thresholds Ue1 and Ue2 of the oscillation disturbance detector 22 of the disturbance recognition circuit 21 referred to the signal path 1. As soon as one of the os-cillations of the oscillation sequences 45.1 to 45.3 shown in diagram b) of Figure 4 exceeds one of the re-cognition thresholds 47.1 or 47.2, the discharge switch 41 (in the example here illustrated), will discharge the charging capacitor 42 of a charging component 43 of the disturbed oscillation detector 22. This dis-charge takes in a fraction of the length of a half-oscillation, so that the charging capacitor 42 can recharge before the attainment of a charging limit or the next discharge through the discharge switch ~~~,~~~
41. The charging circuit is dimensioned in such a manner as to ensure that the charging voltage U42 at the charging capacitor 42 will not exceed a charging threshold U44 of a charge detector 44 connected to the said charging capacitor 42 within the greatest possible oscillation width TB of a half-wave of the carrier oscillations in the distortion corrector circuit 11. The charging threshold U44, in its turn, is so dimensioned .that the charging voltage U42 of the charging capacitor 42 will be greater than the charging threshold U44 when the charging capacitor 42 is charged during the~smallest oscillation time of a carrier oscillation 36. The curves of the charging voltages U42 at the charging capacitor 42 are shown schematically in Figure 4 for a record-ing of high quality (c1), a recording of normal quality (c2), and a recording of poor quality (c3).
These diagrams include a line 49 representing the charging threshold U44. Although the half-wave 45.22 for a normal-quality recording in diagram 4b does Fx cross the switching-point line 46, this is no longer the case as regards the subsequent recogni-tion threshold 47.2. Consequently, the charging curve 48 in diagram 4c2 will cross the line 49 of the charging threshold U44 at time t23, so that the charge detector 44 will at this time produce an error signal F for the error (disturbance) rate circuit 23, as illustrated in diagram d2) of Figure ~~5~~~'~
4 for the scanning of a video tape with normal re-cording quality. During the schematically represent-ed transmission of a recording of low quality (oscillation sequence 45.3) the half-wave 45.32 does not reach the appropriate recognition threshold 47.2 and the half-wave 45.35 of the same oscillation sequence 45.3 - after overstepping the switching-point line 46 - does not reach the re-cognition threshold 47.1, so that the oscillatian sequence 48 in diagram 4c3 will overstep the line 49 of the charging threshold U44 at both time t33 and time t36: the charging detector 44 - as illus-trated in diagram d3) of Figure 4 for the reproduction of a poor-quality image of the video tape 2 - will therefore produce an error signal F at both moments of time.
As can be seen from diagrams d2) to d3) of Figure 4, of which diagram di does nat contain any error signals F, the density or rate of the error signals F increases as the recording quality diminishes, so that the error rate signal 30, which is formed by the error rate circuit 23 and illustrated in diagram b) of Figure 2, represents a measure of the record-ing quality and the transmission quality of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals up to the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11. The setting signal generator 24 on the downstream side c of the error rate circuit 23 uses the error rate signal 30 to form a setting signal 31 for setting the switching threshold U16 of the threshold switch 1.6 in such a way that - as fax as possible - all the half-waves of the oscillation sequence of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals passing through the distortion corrector circuit 11 will at least just cross the switching-point line 46. The dis-turbance recognition circuit 21 will therefore set a switching threshold U16 at the threshold switch 16 that will correspond to the average recording quali-ty of the image playback that is being transmitted at that instant and yield the best possible image definition with an image reproduction that is just free of disturbance. In the embodiment here illus-trated, the switching threshold U16 of the of the threshold switch 16 is gradually lowered (from U16.1 to U16.3) as the recording quality diminishes (from curve 32 to curve 34 in the diagram of Figure 3).
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the signal path for the frequency-modulated brightness signals scanned from a.video support 2 in a video recorder according to the present invention. Identical cir-cuit components and signals always bear the same reference number as in Figure 1. The embodiment illustrated by Figure 5 essentially differs from the embodiment of such a signal path shown in Figure 1 2~ a~~~
by virtue of the fact that the distortion corrector circuit is preceded by an adjustable transmission circuit in the form of damping circuit 8 and, fur-ther, that the setting signal 31 produced by the disturbance recognition circuit 21 is applied to the setting input 27 of the damping circuit 8 and that the threshold switch 17 of this embodiment is made up of two antiparallel switching diodes 18, whence its switching threshold U17 is determined by the flection point of the characteristic of the two antiparallel switching diodes 18. In the embodiment here illustrated, the damping circuit 8 consists es-sentially of two derivation diodes 50 connected to the signal path 1 and a series resistance 51 arrang-ed in the signal path upstream of the said derivat-ion diodes. The series resistance 51, together with the volume resistances of the derivation diodes (which can be set by means of a d.c. setting volt-age), constitutes a voltage divider for the frequen-cy-modulated brightness signals arriving at the sig-nal input 7 of the damping circuit 8. Damping of the frequency-modulated brightness signals in the embo-diment according to Figure 5 has its counterpart in a raising of the switching threshold U16 from, for example, U16.3 to U16.1 in the embodiment according to Figure 1.
The thin unbroken line 52 in diagram a) of Figure 6 represents an oscillation sequence of the frequency-modulated brightness signals at the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 for normal recording quality of image reproduction. This recording quality has its counterpart in a rate of error signals F that is shown in diagram a) of Figure 2 to the left of the dividing line 53 and which produces an error rate signal 30 in the error rate circuit 23. This error rate signal, in its turn, produces a setting current I in the setting signal generator 24 of the disturbed signal recognition circuit 21 that will set the damping factor of the damping circuit 8 in such a manner that the mean . value of the amplitudes of the normal half-oscil-lations 52.0 to 52.2 and 52.8 and 52.9 of the fre-quency-modulated brightness signals at the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 will constitute a certain ratio with the threshold level U17.0 applied to the said signal input 28. By means of the direct--current setting voltage, this ratio is set in such a manner that the reproduced image will have the best possible definition and the least possible disturbances. A disturbance is indicated between the half-waves 52.2 and 52.8 of the oscillation sequence 52 of the frequency-modul-ated brightness signals. As is shown in diagrams b1) and ci) of Figure 6, this disturbance triggers ~~~~,~
additional error signals F in the disturbed signal recognition circuit 21. As these additional error signals accumulate, they will cause a considerable increase in the rate of the error signals F, this new condition being indicated in diagram a) of Fig-ure 2 to the right of the dividing line 53. As can clearly be seen from diagram b) of Figure 2, this leads to a considerable step-up in the error rate signal 30. This temporary increase of the error rate signal 30 causes a change in the setting cur-rent I produced by the setting signal generator 24, so that the damping factor of the damping circuit 8 will become greater. The oscillation sequence of the more strongly damped brightness signal corresponding to the greater disturbance rate shown to the right of the dividing line 53 of the diagrams in Figure 2 is represented in diagram a) of Figure 6 by the thick unbroken line 54. Given this damping of the original oscillation sequence 52 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals, proportionally greater parts of the oscillation sequence of the frequency-modulated brightness signals will now fall within the range in which the distortion corrector circuit 11 operates as a band-pass filter, namely the parts of the oscillation sequence 54 that are projected between the lines 40.4 and 40.5 of the switching threshold U17 of the threshold switch 17 applied to the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector ~~5~~t~
circuit 11. This measure ensures that the distor-tion corrector circuit 11 will tend to centre the oscillations of the disturbed parts of the oscilla-Lion sequence 54 more closely around the zero line 46 of the oscillation sequence 54 of the frequency-modulated brightness signals. The said zero line 46 is also the switching-point line of the frequency demodulator 3. In the disturbed zone, therefore, the disturbance signals on the screen will be con-siderably reduced and, at one and the same time, the image sharpness will be enhanced to the great-est possible extent. The disturbance zone thus regulated by the disturbed signal recognition cir-cuit 21 produces an appropriately higher rate of error signals F that is added to the error rate corresponding to the recording quality as in-dicated in diagram a) of Figure 2 to the right of the dividing line 55; for as.long as this higher er-ror rate pertains, it will raise the value of the error rate signal 30 shown schematically in dia-grams b) and c) of Figure 2. This setting signal shown in diagram c) of Figure 2, which will remain in being for as long as the greater error rate prevails, will set the damping circuit 8 in such a manner that the oscillation sequence 54 of the frequency-modulated brightness signal will be applied to the signal input 28 of the distortion ~,~95~~~' a corrector circuit 11. mhe additional rate of error signals F (diagram e2 of Figure 6), which in the regulated state of the setting signal 31 (diagram c of Figure 2) characterizes the magnitude of the dis-turbance of the disturbed part of the signal and whose production process is schematically illustrat-ed by diagrams b) and c) of Figure 6, will maintain this setting until such time as the local disturb-ance causing the higher error rate has disappeared.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, moreover, an integrating level regulator 56 is connected to the signal path 1 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11. The level reg-ulator 56 measures the average signal level in the signal path 1 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 and, in the embodi-ment here illustrated, will set the setting current through the derivation diodes 50 of the damping cir-cuit 8, always provided that this proves necessary, in such a manner as to ensure that the average sig-nal level upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 will not fall below a value below which the image reproduction guality would be substantially reduced on account of an ex-cessively low signal level.
~~5~~~~
In a further embodiment, which will not be discussed in greater detail, the adjustable transmission ircuit 8 upstream of the signal input 28 of the distortion corrector circuit 11 takes the form of a symmetrical amplifier with a setting input that permits its amplification factor to be set, by means of an appropriate setting signal, to such value as may from time to time be required.
Legend 1 Signal path 2 Video tape 3 Frequency demodulator 4 Video head Head amplifier 6 Separating filter circuit 7 Input of damping circuit s Damping circuit 9 Output of damping circuit Buffer amplifier 11 Distortion corrector circuit 12 Second buffer amplifier 13 Signal input of frequency demodulator .
14 Filter circuit component Coupling component 16 Threshold switch (Figure 1) 17 Threshold switch (Figure 5) 18 Antiparallel switching diodes 19 Band-pass filter Third buffer amplifier 21 Disturbed signal recognition circuit 22 Disturbed oscillation detector 23 Error (disturbance) rate circuit 24 Setting signal generator Conducting state resistance ~~5~~~~
26 Brightness signal zero line 27 Setting input of threshold switch (in Figure 1) 28 Setting input of damping circuit (in Figure 1) 29 Signal input of threshold switch 30 Error rate signal , 31 Setting signal 32 High-quality recording 33 Normal-quality recording 34 Poor-quality recording 35 Range of variation of carrier oscillations 36 Carrier oscillations 37 Lower sideband 38 Lower sideband oscillations 41 Discharge switch 42 Charging capacitor 43 Charging circuit 44 Charge detector 50 Derivation diodes 51 Series resistance 56 Level regulator
Claims (8)
1. A video recorder - with a distortion corrector circuit for processing the frequency-modulated brightness signals that is arranged in the signal path (1) and - in a first switching state constitutes a band-pass filter (19) tuned to the range of variation of the part of the frequency-modulated brightness signal that directly reproduces the signal brightness, and - in a second switching state constitutes an amplitude-controlled retardation circuit (14/18) that increasingly retards the phase of the frequency-modulated brightness signal as the signal amplitude increases, - and a threshold switch (17) connected to the signal path that switches the distortion corrector circuit from the first into the second switching state whenever the oscillation sequence (52) of the frequency-modulated brightness signal in the distortion corrector circuit passes through a preset switching threshold (U17), characterized in that - a transmission circuit (8) that can be set to a particular output level at a setting input (27) is connected on the upstream side of the distortion corrector circuit (11), and that - a disturbed signal recognition circuit (21) is connected to the signal path 1, where the said circuit (21) is capable of detecting individual oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal passing through the distortion corrector circuit that are either missing or do not exceed a certain threshold level of the said disturbed signal recognition circuit and produces a setting signal (31) for the setting input (27) of the transmission circuit that depends on the rate (error rate 30) with which such disturbed oscillations occur, the said signal being so proportioned that, as the error rate of the oscillation pattern of the frequency-modulated brightness signal increases, the distortion corrector circuit will be switched into the band-pass filter state for an increasingly great part of this oscillation pattern.
2. A video recorder in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the transmission circuit (8) is a damping circuit having a damping factor that can be set via a setting input (27).
3. A video recorder in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the transmission circuit (8) is a settable amplifier with a setting input and an amplification factor that can be set via the said setting input.
4. A video recorder in accordance with Claim 2, characterized in that the damping circuit (8) is a symmetrically designed voltage divider circuit with a series resistance (51) in the signal path (1) of the frequency-modulated brightness signal and two d.c.-controlled diode lines (50) arranged symmetrically with respect thereto.
5. A video recorder in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that between the signal path (1) and the transmission circuit (8) there is connected an integrating level regulator (56) that will further regulate the output level of the transmission circuit in such a manner as to ensure that the average level of the frequency-modulated brightness signal (54) at the signal input (28) of the distortion corrector circuit (11) will not fall below a preset minimum level.
6. A video recorder - with a distortion corrector circuit for processing the frequency-modulated brightness signals arranged in the signal path (1) that - in a first switching state constitutes a band-pass filter (19) tuned to the range of variation of the part of the frequency-modulated brightness signal that directly reproduces the signal brightness, and - in a second switching state constitutes an amplitude-controlled retardation circuit (14/25) that increasingly retards the phase of the frequency-modulated brightness signal as the signal amplitude increases, - and a threshold switch (16) connected to the signal path that switches the distortion corrector circuit from the first, into the second switching state whenever the oscillation sequence (39) of the frequency-modulated brightness signal in the distortion corrector circuit passes through a preset switching threshold (U16), characterized in that - the threshold level (U16) of the threshold switch (16) can be set via a setting input (27), and that - a disturbed signal recognition circuit (21) is connected to the signal path 1, where the said circuit (21) is capable of detecting individual oscillations (45.22, 45.32, 45.35) of the frequency-modulated brightness signal (45) passing through the distortion corrector circuit that are either missing or do not exceed a certain threshold level of the said disturbed signal recognition circuit and produces a setting signal (31) for the setting input (27) of the threshold switch (16) that depends on the rate (error rate 30) with which such disturbed oscillations occur, the said signal being so proportioned that, as the error rate of the oscillation pattern of the frequency-modulated brightness signal increases, the distortion corrector circuit will be switched into the band-pass filter state for an increasingly great part of the said oscillation pattern.
7. A video recorder in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the disturbed signal recognition circuit (21) comprises the following function groups: a disturbed oscillation detector (22) that recognizes individual oscillations of the frequency-modulated brightness signal (39, 54) that are either missing or do not exceed a certain recognition threshold (Ue) of the disturbed signal recognition circuit and indicates them by means of an error signal (F), an error rate circuit (23) to form an error rate signal (30) from the said error signals (F), and an error signal generator (24) on the downstream side of the disturbed signal recognition circuit that produces a setting signal (31) dependent on the pattern of the said error rate signal.
8. A video recorder in accordance with any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the switching threshold of the threshold switch (16, 17) is the average value of a switching range formed in the manner of a diode switch passing from the nonconducting state into the conducting state.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4035309A DE4035309A1 (en) | 1990-11-07 | 1990-11-07 | VIDEO RECORDER WITH AN EQUALIZER |
| DEP4035309.5 | 1990-11-07 | ||
| SG8494A SG8494G (en) | 1990-11-07 | 1994-01-19 | Videorecorder with equalizing circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2052986A1 CA2052986A1 (en) | 1992-05-08 |
| CA2052986C true CA2052986C (en) | 2000-08-08 |
Family
ID=25898302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002052986A Expired - Fee Related CA2052986C (en) | 1990-11-07 | 1991-10-08 | Video recorder with distortion corrector circuit |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0484631B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2693060B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0144849B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE97287T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9104833A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2052986C (en) |
| CS (1) | CS334291A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4035309A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0484631T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2049503T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI915192A (en) |
| HK (1) | HK21894A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU211179B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE65895B1 (en) |
| IS (1) | IS3758A7 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9101799A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO914312L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL292295A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT99438B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG8494G (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR960009146B1 (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1996-07-13 | Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd | Reservation recording control method of video tape recorder |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT346099B (en) * | 1976-08-05 | 1978-10-25 | Philips Nv | PLAYBACK DEVICE |
| JP2604697B2 (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1997-04-30 | ソニー株式会社 | FM demodulation circuit |
| DE3516913C1 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-10-02 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Automatic FM sideband level control for video recorders |
| DE3539816A1 (en) * | 1985-11-09 | 1987-05-21 | Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag | Filter circuit for influencing the resolution of a video recording luminance signal reproduced on a screen |
| DE3809394A1 (en) * | 1987-04-18 | 1989-10-12 | Graetz Nokia Gmbh | Video device with an equalizer circuit in the signal path for the frequency-modulated signals |
| US5185679A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1993-02-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Inversion phenomenon preventing circuit |
| JPH0810533B2 (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1996-01-31 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | Magnetic playback device |
-
1990
- 1990-11-07 DE DE4035309A patent/DE4035309A1/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-06-28 DK DK91110743.1T patent/DK0484631T3/en active
- 1991-06-28 DE DE91110743T patent/DE59100587D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-28 EP EP91110743A patent/EP0484631B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-28 ES ES91110743T patent/ES2049503T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-06-28 AT AT91110743T patent/ATE97287T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-02 JP JP3194339A patent/JP2693060B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-27 IS IS3758A patent/IS3758A7/en unknown
- 1991-10-08 CA CA002052986A patent/CA2052986C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-28 MX MX9101799A patent/MX9101799A/en unknown
- 1991-10-31 HU HU913428A patent/HU211179B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-04 FI FI915192A patent/FI915192A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-11-04 NO NO91914312A patent/NO914312L/en unknown
- 1991-11-05 CS CS913342A patent/CS334291A3/en unknown
- 1991-11-06 PT PT99438A patent/PT99438B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-06 BR BR919104833A patent/BR9104833A/en unknown
- 1991-11-06 IE IE386891A patent/IE65895B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-11-06 PL PL29229591A patent/PL292295A1/en unknown
- 1991-11-06 KR KR1019910019648A patent/KR0144849B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-01-19 SG SG8494A patent/SG8494G/en unknown
- 1994-03-10 HK HK218/94A patent/HK21894A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9101799A (en) | 1992-07-08 |
| CS334291A3 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| HK21894A (en) | 1994-03-18 |
| BR9104833A (en) | 1992-06-23 |
| IE65895B1 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
| CA2052986A1 (en) | 1992-05-08 |
| FI915192A (en) | 1992-05-08 |
| IS3758A7 (en) | 1992-05-08 |
| JPH04273680A (en) | 1992-09-29 |
| KR0144849B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
| DE4035309C2 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
| DE59100587D1 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
| ATE97287T1 (en) | 1993-11-15 |
| EP0484631A2 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| IE913868A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
| HUT62129A (en) | 1993-03-29 |
| PT99438B (en) | 1999-02-26 |
| DE4035309A1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
| JP2693060B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
| NO914312L (en) | 1992-05-08 |
| HU913428D0 (en) | 1992-02-28 |
| ES2049503T3 (en) | 1994-04-16 |
| PL292295A1 (en) | 1992-08-10 |
| SG8494G (en) | 1994-04-15 |
| NO914312D0 (en) | 1991-11-04 |
| EP0484631A3 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| PT99438A (en) | 1994-02-28 |
| DK0484631T3 (en) | 1994-01-03 |
| EP0484631B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
| KR920011229A (en) | 1992-06-27 |
| FI915192A0 (en) | 1991-11-04 |
| HU211179B (en) | 1995-11-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |