CA2050478A1

CA2050478A1 - Insulating jacket

Info

Publication number: CA2050478A1
Application number: CA002050478A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Peter Hutchinson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Mountain Equipment Ltd
Priority date: 1989-03-23
Filing date: 1990-03-22
Publication date: 1990-09-24
Also published as: ATE116821T1; GB2229351A; JPH04506156A; EP0464098A1; AU5335890A; GB8906842D0; EP0464098B1; ES2069071T3; DK0464098T3; GB2229351B; WO1990011034A1; DE69016013D1; DE69016013T2

Abstract

A thermally insulating jacket such as a sleeping bag is provided with an inner layer (1) and an outer layer (2) to which are attached a plurality of internal walls (3) so as to define a plurality of boxes. The boxes are filled with insulating material such as down or synthetic material. The inner layer is elasticated by, for example, the provision of elasticated thread (7) which causes the inner layer to pull inwards away from the outer layer. This reduces the space between the inner layer and the person or article being covered by the jacket, so as to reduce heat transfer by convection and also increases the thickness of the jacket, thereby improving its thermal insulation. In addition to sleeping bags, the invention can be applied to articles of high insulation clothing and also jackets for insulating hot or cold water tanks.

Description

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INSULATING JACKET

- The present invention relates generally to thermally insulating jackets and is particularly concerned with jackets in the form of sleeping bags.
However, the invention is also applicable to jackets used as articles of clothing such as anoraks, insulated suits and headgear, and even to jackets in the form of covérings for hot or cold water tanks.
Known thermally insulating jackets comprise an inner layer and an outer layer between which is disposed a mass of thermally insulating material. One problem that arises with such insulating jackets is that the jackets have to be fabricated in a number of different sizes so as to fit, in the case of sleeping bags and clothing, the human being for which they are designed, and, in the case of water tank coverings, the particular water tank for which the jacket is designed.
Furthermore, in the case of sleeping bags, there must be sufficient room for the person to be able to m~ve around. A sleeping bag that is too small has the disadvantage of constricting movement of the person, and one that is too large has the disadvantage of allowing convection currents in the space which have :

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~ WO90/11034 PCT~GB90/00440 ..
~047~3 2 the effect of increasing body heat loss.
The present applicants have tested a range of conventional sleeping bags ~nd have measured the effectLve internal circumference of each bag to be, when averaged over its }ength, about 42% greater than the average circumference of a human being of a size appropriate to the sleeping bag. The effective cross-sectional area within the sleeping bag, being a quadratic function of the circumference, is thus about twice that taken up by the body, resulting in undesirable convection currents as mentioned above.
It would be possible to mitigate the above problem by making the bag a tighter fit, but, as mentioned above, that would make the bag feel excessively constrictive and also require a greater variety of bag sizes.
Furthermore, conventional sleeping bags require a ,. .
certain time for the insulating material to return to its normal thickness after unpacking the sleeping bag ., .
~ 20 from a compressed state, and, during this time, the I
~ ~insulating effect of the bag is less than its optimum . , . . ~
value, since less air can be trapped in the compressed ~, insulating material.

It would thereore be desirable to provide a thermally insulating jac~et ~hich overcomes or at least mitigates the above-mentioned disadvantages of :. " :

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conventional insulating jackets.
Accordingly, the invention in a first aspect provides a thermally insulating jacket having an inner and an outer surface, wherein said inner surface is elasticated.
Preferably, the outer surface is elasticated to a lesser degree than the inner surface, or is not elasticated at all.
Preferably, the arrangement is such that the elastication of the inner surface tends to cause an increase in the separation between the inner and outer surfaces.
The above arrangement has the advantage that the effective area presented by the inner surface in use is reduced, as compared with that in the absence of elastication, possibly to an extent depending on the size of the person or articles surrounded by the jacket, thereby reducing the air space in which convection currents can occur, and this in turn reduces heat transfer between the person or articles and the surrounding atmosphere. Also, by not elasticating the outer surface, or elasticating it to a lesser degree, the inner surface is enabled to pull inwards away from the outer layer, thus increasing the thickness of the jacket in use. This assists the lofting properties of any insulating material used for .

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the filling. Furthermore, if such a jacket is adapted to be packed in a compressed state, the elastication of the inner layer, in conjunction with the outer layer not being elasticated, causes the inner surface to pull inwards away from the outer surface, thus reducing the possibility of cold spots forming where the layers touch each other and enabling the desired thickness of the jacket to be attained more rapidly than in conventional insulating jackets.
- With- prior art bags, with-out elastication, the filling is relatively thin not only because the inner and outer layers are not pulled apart by elastication, but also because the filling has to be distributed around a large circumference. In a bag according to the present invention, however, the ~ .
`~ elastication of the inner layer will in practice have . ~ , ,.
the effect of pulling the outer layer inwards, albeit to a lesser extent than the inner layer, so that the :
overall volume occupied by the filling is reduced, or at least not significantly increased. This has the , advantage that for a given ~uantity of insulating .
- material the density of the material is not significantly decreased even though there is an increase in thickness of the jacket resulting from the " 25 elastication of the inner layer. Accordingly, undesirably large air spaces are not created.

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Another advantage particularly valuable in sleeping bags, and to some extent in articles of - clothing, is that the wearer can have a tightly fitting garment without feeling constricted, because only the inner surface is elasticated. I~ will be appreciated that if the entire jacket were elasticated throughout its thickness, substantial elastic force would be necessary to ensure a tight fitting, resulting in substantial perceived constriction by the _ . .. . .
wearer and reduced insulation resulting from the constriction of the filling.
A further advantage of particular value in clothing is that the "bellows effect", whereby a large percentage of the insulating value can be lost by warm air being forced from inside loose clothing by body movement, can be avoided or.substantially reduced.
The inner and outer surfaces would normally be surfaces of respective inner and outer layers.
Alternatively, the jacket may comprise a single layer of material which preferably is of a thickness which is non-resiliently expansible, and in this case the inner and outer surfaces would be respective surfaces of the single layer.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a thermally insulating jacket comprising:
(a) an inner layer and an outer layer;

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WO90/1~34 PCT/GB90/00440 ~ Q ~ ~ ~ 7 8 (b) a plurality of internal walls each attached at one edge thereof to said inner layer and at another edge thereof to said outer la~er so as to define in conjunction with said inner and outer layers a plurality of boxes;
and (c) a mass of thermally insulating material disposed in each of said boxes;
wherein said inner layer is elasticated.
It is appreciated that all threads are elastic to a small extent. However, the term "elasticated" as used in the present application is intended to mean that the resulting linear dimension of the inner surface or inner layer is caused to be reduced by a significant extent, and preferably by at least by 10%
s~ from its normal, unelasticated value. Indeed, a degree of elastication such as to cause a reduction in linear dimension of in excess of 15% from the normal, unelasticated value is especially preferred.
The jacket is preferably elongate and the inner `~ layer preferably elasticated in a transverse direction and not elasticated along the longitudinal direction.
This arrangement causes the jacket to be wrapped more efficiently about a person or elongate article.
The means of attachment is preferably not exposed ~; on either the inner layer or ~the outer layer, and this " . .

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is preferably achieved using tuck stitching, wherein each internal wall is joined to the inner and outer layers by stitching it to a small raised tuck on the internal side of each layer. Such an arrangement renders the stitching not only invisible but also almost completely protected from abrasion or snagging from the external side (or "wear" side) of the layers.
The elastication of the inner layer is preferaXly by means of elasticated thread which constitutes the - 10 means of attac~ment of the internal walls to the inner layer. This provides a means of elasticating the inner layer which is simple to effect in manufacture and, in the case of an insulating jacket which would be conventionally manufactured by attaching the internal walls to the inner layer by means of non-elasticated thread, this has the advantage that a jacket according to the second aspect of the present invention can be manufactured simply by replacing the non-elasticated thread with elasticated. In such an arrangement the use of tuck stitching as mentioned above is even more advantageous, since elasticated thread is more vulnerable to snagging than ordinary thread; elasticated thread being generally thicker, it offers greater friction and is more proud of the fabric surface. Furthermore, the breaking of elasticated thread results in greater damage than ~ .
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ordinary thread, since the tension in elasticated thread will tend to unravel more stitches on breaking than with ordinary thread.
The outer layer is preferably attached to the internal walls by means of non-elasticated thread.
Although the invention may of course provide a jacket made from any suitable thermally insulating material, whether natural or synthetic, the preferred material is down or other free-moving insulation, since this material more rea~ily moves to fill the spaces within the boxes, thereby minimising relatively cold (or hot) spots caused by convective heat transfer through air gaps next to the internal walls. To achieve the improved ihsulation which results from lS increasing the separation between the inner and outer layers, the insulation material preferably has a loft of at least 300, and preferably at least 500, cubic inches per ounce, using the standard British fill power test; this can easily be achieved if down is ` 20 used.
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The thermally insulating jacket may be in the ` form of a sleeping bag, an article of clothing or a jacket adapted to fit around a water tank.
, ~An embodiment of the present invention will now :
be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
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Figure l is a pictorial representation, partially cut away, of a known sleeping bag;
Figures 2A and 2B are respectively diagrammatic representations, in transverse cross-section, of a known sleeping bag and a sleeping bag incorporating an elasticated thread in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Figures 3A and 3B are similar to Figures 2A and . .
2B, but show diagrammatically longitudinal cross-~ lO sections of the bags, and Figure 4 shows in diagrammatic form the stitching used to attach the internal walls to the ~.
inner and outer layers of the sleeping bag shown in . Figures 2B and 3B. ~:
Figure l shows a sleeping bag having an inner layer l and an outer layer 2 which are joined by :~ internal baffles or walls 3. The walls shown extend . longitudinally along the sleeping bag, and transversely across the bag. The lines 4 indicate ~: 20 stitching joining the walls 3 to the outer layer 2. -:~ The inner layer l, the outer layer 2 and the internal ;, walls 3 define boxes in which is disposed suitable ~ insulating material such as down or a synthetic :1': , material.
2S Figures 2A and 3A show diagrammatically the configurations adopted by the sleeping bag in use. It , ::
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WO90tl1034 PCT/GB90/00440 4~ o will be noted that there is a large volume 5 of air between a ~ody 6 in the sleeping bag and the inner layer l. Figures 2B and 3B are similar views, but illustrate the configuration of a sleeping bag in accordance with the present invention, having an elasticated inner layer 1. It will be noted that there is a much smaller volume 5 of air between the body 6 and the inner layer 1, and the thickness of the sleeping ba~, i.e. the distance between the inner and o outer layers 1 and 2, has increased substantlaily to the extent that the walls 3 are fully extended.
As shown in Figure 4, the elastication of the inner layer l is achieved by incorporating elasticated thread 7 sewn along the junction of the inner layer 1 and the transversely extending internal walls 3, thereby attaching the inner layer to the walls. The elasticated thread 7 would normally be hidden below the surface of the inner layer 1 so as to prevent it catching and thereby breaking. This is achieved by attaching the internal walls 3 to the inner layer 1 using tuck stitching of the elasticated thread, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 4. The outer layer 2 is attached to the internal walls 3 by means of non-elasticated thread 8. If desired, tuck stitching could be used here, also.
The degree of elastication of the inner layer is . ' .

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dependent both on the intrinsic properties of the elastic thread and also on the tension which is applied to it when the thread is sewn. The type of elastic thread in normal use is known as shearing elastic. The present applicants have found that a desirable degree of elastication is such as to cause a reduction in the width of the sleeping bag of about 16% from its normal, "unelasticated" value, and this causes a corresponding reduction in the excess circumference referred to above from about 42% to about 19% without causing any noticeable discomfort to the person in the sleeping bag. The figure of 19~ is equivalent to a cross-sectional area of about 40% in excess of that taken up by the body, compared with the . 15 100% excess in conventional sleeping bags. The applicants have also found that the resulting thickness of the sleeping bag (i.e. the average separation between the inner and outer walls) is increased by at least 10%, or preferably by about 15 to 20% as a result of elastication of the inner layer, giving rise to a significant increase in thermal insulation.
The st~ength of the elastic used will vary for different types of sleeping bag. For example, for larger sleeping bags having a substantial quantity of insulating material (e.g. down), such as those " .
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designed for colder conditions, a stronger elastic which gathers in the fabric by about 40% before filling ti.e. causes a 40% reduction in the width of the bag) is used for two reasons:
(a) in such bags the height of the internal walls or baffles is greater so as to accommodate a greater quantity of insulating material, and a greater strength of elastic is thus required to stretch the entire height of the walls; and (b) such bags are larger, so as to allow a substantial variation in thickness of clothing to be worn inside the bag, the elastic providing the same closeness of fit irrespective of this variation, and a greater strength of elastic is thus required.
For smaller bags having less insulating material and smaller internal walls, a light elastic providing approximately a 30~ reduction in bag width before filling is sufficient for optimum configuration of the bag.
The preferred elasticated thread is a blend of rubber and polyester providing an approximate stretch of 500% before break, i.e. the stretched length is five times the unstretched length.
Laboratory tests were undertaken at Leeds University on an elasticated sleeping bag made in accordance with the above embodiment, having 450g .

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insulating material and designed in the a~sence of elastication, for use down to -5C. A cold chamber was used which provided a minimum ambient temperature of -24C. At this minimum temperature the user in the sleeping bag did not perceive the temperature to be uncomfortably low, thus indicating that the performance of the bag was enhanced considerably by elastication.
A similar sleeping bag was used at 23000 feet (7010 metres) on Mount Everest with satisfactory results. Again this is far beyond the normal capabilities of a sleeping bag having 450g insulating material. In such conditions at least twice this quantity of insulating material would be required.
Similar sleeping bags but filled with 550g insulating material have also been used in winter in the mountains of Scotland where the damp cold is especially penetrating. The degree of insulation afforded was that to be expected from a normal sleeping bag having 750 to 850g insulating material.
Comfort was also reported on favourably.
Although some of the above tests were by their nature subjective, in each case the tests were carried out and monitored by people independent of the present applicants.
Although in the preferred embodiment it is the , . ,.

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205 0 4~ ~ 14 junctions of transversely extending internal walls 3 and the inner layer 1 which are provided with the elasticated thread, of course it is also or alternatively possible to provide the junctions of any longitudinally extending internal walls and the inner layer with such thread.
In the embodiment described the means of elastication of the inner layer is by elasticated thread, but any other suitable means of elastication, such as for exampie the attachment of elasticated tape to the inner layer or surface or indeed the inner layer being fabricated from elasticated material would - be possible. In addition the inner and outer layers may be attached to the internal walls by any suitable means, and the means may be different for the inner and outer layers. Such means may for example include adhesives or press-stud fasteners.
In an alternative arrangement, the degree of elastication of the inner layer can be varied by the user. Thus, for example, an otherwise conventional sleeping bag may be provided on its inside with an elasticated cord which is attached to the inner layer ; by a sheath of material which extends substantially all the way around the inner circumference of the bag and extends inwardly away from the inner layer, or possibly by a plurality of discrete loops of material.

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WO90/110~4 PCT/GB90/00440 . ,.2Q"5~.78 The cord may either be continuous or have ends which can be fastened together, or held together by a clip.
The user would be able to pull either the ends of the cord or a portion of the cord so as to tension it to a desired degree, and would then knot or clip the cord in order to maintain the tension. Several such cords could be provided, spaced longitudinally along the sleeping bag.
The invention has been described above in ... .. _ . .
connection with its application to sleeping bags of a conventional form including boxes defined by longitudinally and transversely extending inner walls.
It will of course be appreciated that the :invention can also be applied to other forms of sleeping bags which omit one or more or all of these inner walls.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to sleeping bags, it can apply also to clothing requiring a high level of thermal insulation and also jackets for insulating either hot or cold water tanks. The invention can also be applied to coverings for use in hospitals for treating victims of hypothermia.

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Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A thermally insulating jacket having an inner and an outer surface wherein said inner surface is elasticated and said outer surface is elasticated to a lesser degree than the inner surface, or is not elasticated at all.

2. A thermally insulating jacket having an inner and an outer surface, wherein said inner surface is elasticated, the arrangement being such that the elastication of the inner surface tends to cause an increase in the separation between the inner and outer surfaces.

3. A thermally insulating jacket as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said inner and outer surfaces are surfaces of respective inner and outer layers of said jacket.

4. A thermally insulating jacket comprising:
(a) an inner layer and an outer layer;
(b) a plurality of internal walls each attached at one edge thereof to said inner layer and at another edge thereof to said outer layer so as to define in conjunction with said inner and outer layers a plurality of boxes;
and (c) a mass of thermally insulating material disposed in each of said boxes;
wherein said inner layer is elasticated.

5. A thermally insulating jacket according to claim 4 wherein the means of attachment is not exposed on either the inner layer or the outer layer.

6. A thermally insulating jacket according to claim 5, wherein the means of attachment is tuck stitching.

7. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the elastication of said inner layer is by means of elasticated thread constituting a means of attachment of said internal walls to said inner layer.

8. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein said outer layer is attached to said internal walls by means of non-elasticated thread.

9. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 4 to 8 wherein said thermally insulating material is down.

10. A thermally insulating jacket as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 9 wherein said outer layer is not elasticated.

11. A thermally insulating jacket as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 10 which is generally elongate and wherein said inner layer is elasticated in a transverse direction and not elasticated along the longitudinal direction.

12. A thermally insulating jacket as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 11 wherein the degree of elastication of the inner layer is such as to cause a reduction in linear dimension of in excess of 15%
from the normal, unelasticated values.

13. A thermally insulating jacket as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 12 wherein the degree of elastication of the inner layer is variable by the user.

14. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein said jacket is a sleeping bag.

15. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein said jacket is an article of clothing.

16. A thermally insulating jacket according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein said jacket is adapted to fit around a water tank.

17. A thermally insulating jacket substantially as described herein with reference to Figures 2B, 3B
and 4 of the accompanying drawings.

18. A thermally insulating jacket having an inner and an outer surface, wherein said inner surface is elasticated.