CA2041888A1 - Apparatus and method for gas absorption in a liquid - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for gas absorption in a liquidInfo
- Publication number
- CA2041888A1 CA2041888A1 CA 2041888 CA2041888A CA2041888A1 CA 2041888 A1 CA2041888 A1 CA 2041888A1 CA 2041888 CA2041888 CA 2041888 CA 2041888 A CA2041888 A CA 2041888A CA 2041888 A1 CA2041888 A1 CA 2041888A1
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An apparatus and method for increasing gas absorption in a liquid includes, in a first embodiment, gas injection airfoils at an inlet of an extended vertical tube and a pump at an outlet of the tube for drawn in the liquid at a rate greater than the rise rate of the gas bubbles. An outlet of the pump preferrably includes a plurality of outlet nozzles. A second embodiment for use with a liquid or slurry includes a venturi gas inlet in place of the airfoils.
An apparatus and method for increasing gas absorption in a liquid includes, in a first embodiment, gas injection airfoils at an inlet of an extended vertical tube and a pump at an outlet of the tube for drawn in the liquid at a rate greater than the rise rate of the gas bubbles. An outlet of the pump preferrably includes a plurality of outlet nozzles. A second embodiment for use with a liquid or slurry includes a venturi gas inlet in place of the airfoils.
Description
C I F 3: C A T I O N
TI~
~9iAPPARATUS ~ND MET~OD FOR G.~3 AB~30RP~IO~ :IN ;~ LIQUID~
BACRGRO~JND OF :ir~E INVENT:I:ON
5_ield ~:1~ tha :r~7~ti~n The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for adding a gas or liguid to a liquid, and more particularly/ for effec~ing absorption of a gas in a liguid.
~0~ ri~ n o~ ~h@ ~
Water treatment ~or potable water supplies frequently involves the addi~ion of chlorine to maintain water quality. However, the use of chlorine leaves carcinogenic residuals in the water in quantities wh.ich 15are unacceptable. It has been ~ound ~hat ~reatment by ozone enables smaller amounts of chlorine to b~ used to maintain the purity o~ the ~ater in a water supply system.
De.vices are known for injecting ozone or other 20gases into water for purification. In these devicei~, the gas is ~ubblf~d into a liquid stream for absorptlon at ~' atmospheric pressure and siubmergence.
I~VE~T~0~
An ob7ect of the present invention isi to proYide 25increased absorption of a gas into a liquid.
Another ohject o~ the invention is to provide effective water treaitment using reduced levels of chlorine in a water supply system.
Arlother object of the invention is to provide means 30or ozone treatmfant of watPr for a water supply system.
~1~ A further object of the invention is to provide for ', nearly complete absorption of a gais in~o a liquid at increased absorption rates.
I Yet another object is to effectively add a gas or j~ 35liquid to a lifquid with a~ increased dwell time and ~' efficient mixing. These and other objec~s of the f .~ .
'~1 !
f,~ ~) invention are pro~ided .in a method and apparatus for injecting gas or li~uid at a low pressure into a liquid and then directing th~ mixture into a pump. When a gas is injected into the li~uid, the gas and liquid mixture 5 is caused to flow downward prior to rPaching the pump to increase the dwell time of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
Because oî the increasirlg dep~h of liquid, the pressure of the ga~ and 1 iquid mix~ure increases during the downward flow, ~hereby reducing ~he si~e of ~he bubbles 10 and increasing the absorption rate of the gas into the liquid. The rate of downward flow of the liquid and gas mixture is slightly greater ~han ~he upward mo~ion of the gas bubbles os that a higher conce~tration of the gas bubbles is drawn into the pump. The li~uid and gas mixture is then discharged under pressure from the apparatus into a reservisr of the li~uid.
The apparatus o~ thQ invention is generally eithPr supported or suspended within a tank and has a liquid inlet below the liquid level in the tank. Within the inlet, the gas or a second liquid is injected into the li~uid. In one development, the in-flowing liquid creates a luw pressure zone which draws in the gas or second liquid, such as by flowing over air foils having feed openings on low pressure surfaces, so ~hat a 25 pressurized f~ed is not required. In another developm~nt, the liquid inlet is maintained at a constant level below the liquid surface. This en5ures that the ~apparatus can operate regardless of the liquid level.
.~A generally vertically oriented tube extends frQm the liquid inlet to an inlet of the pump so ~ha~ the liquid and gas mixture are drawn downwardly opposite the ~,~direction of the gas bubbles, which increases the dwell time of the gas in the liquid. The liquid and gas ~:mixture is agitated and mixed by the pump and is then forced out a pump outlet. At least one~ and preferrably ':
,f`,l/',"
a plurality of nozzles are provided at the outlet of the pump for directing i;he liqu.id and gas mixture back into the li~uid reservoir.
Thus, the gas is in contact with the li~uid for an increased length o~ tlme, the dwell time of the gas bubbles in the liquid being controlled by the flow rate : in the vertically dispos0d tube. Furthermo~e, the abs~rption of the gas into the liquid is increased by the increasing pressures present as the liquid and gas lo mixture flows downward through the tube. Once in the pump, the pump impeller imparts energy to the mixture which further reduces the bubble size and mixes the gas - and liquid~ after which the liquid and gas mixture is subjected to a back pressure created by the nozzles at the outlets of the pump. The back pres~ure increases the : gas absorption rate as taught by Stearns in his U.S.
~ Patent No. 3,~77,5~1.
; Once discharged from the apparatus, ~he gas bubbles have a still further opportunity for absorption while , 20 rising to the surfa~e of the liquid within the resevoir.
,~, The absorption of the gas into the liquid is even further enhanced by directing the nozzles of the device somewhat ~,1 downwardly so that the travel time of the bubbles through 1~ ~he liquid is increased. The no~zles also disperse the ;3~ 25 liquid and gas mixture throughout the container or :`1 reservoir.
-, The method and apparatus of ~he present in~enti~n are particularly useful in effecting ozone, oxygen or air absortion during potable water treatment, and, when ozone is used, a reduced amount of chlorine is required while maintaining the quality of the water. It is expected that absorption of the ozone or other gas into the water will be such that little, if any, of the gas bubbles leave the liquid. It is also contempla~ed that the .l~ 35 present apparatus can be used for carbonation of !
' 1 S~
beverages and the like, as well as for other gas/liquid or liguid/liquid m;ixing operations, and may even be useful in ga~/gas mixing. In these instances, the two fluids being mixed preferrably have different specific 5gr~vities to enable the dwell time ~o be ~ontrolled and increased.
B:P~IE:F DESCRIPl~ION OF 5r~IE DR~WIN(:S
Figure 1 is a vertical cross section of an apparatus a~cording to the principles of the present 10invention in us~ in a liquid reservoir;
Figure 2 is a cross section along line II-II of Figure 1 showing a pump outlek arrangement for the apparatus;
Figure 3 is an enlarged detail of an airfoil 15arrangement at the liquid inlet o~ the apparatus o~
Figure 1:
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of an airfoi~
of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a cross section of Figure 4 showing the 20airfoil arrange~ent of khe present invention;
Figure 6 is a vertical cross section of a s~cond embodiment of the invention; and Figure 7 is a cross ~ection along line VII-VII of Figure 6 showiny a venturi air inlet.
- 25D~TAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E
~ PRES~N~LY PREF~RR~D ~MBODIMEN~5 i In Figure 1, is shown an apparatus 10 within a tank 12 filled with liquid 14. For example, th2 liquid 14 can be water in a water treatment system to which oæone or 30oxygen is to be added, although it can also be a liquid into which gas, such as carbon dioxide or the like, is to ~2 mixed ox any two fluids preferrably of differing pecific ~ravities. The apparatus ~0 has an inlet opening 16 in~o which ~he liquid 14 is drawn ~or passage 35through a vertical tube 18~ ~lthough a vertical tube 18 . i .
~: , i~ preferred, it is of cour~e possible for the tube 18 to be inclined as well, howe~er, not at a~ angle exceeding 45 degrees. In the illustrated example, the inlet 16 is of a larger diameter than the tube 18. The enlarged inlet 16 is formed by a frusto-conical wall 20 connecting the tube 18 to a larger diameter wall 22.
Within the tube 18, are one or more airfoils 24 which inject a gas or liquid, such as ozone, in-~o the liquid 14. After injection og ~h~ gas or liquid, ~he mixture flows downward through the tube 18 at a flow rate such that gas bubbles 26 will not rise to the surfaceO
The tube 18 is connected at its lower end to a pump 28 which draws the liquid 14 downward along the vertisal extent of the tube 18. ~he kube 1~ can be as short as one foot or as long as 40 or more feet. The pump 28 includes an impeller 30 mounted therewithin on a shaft - 32 which is driven by a drive motor 34. The drive motor 34 is suspended ~elow the device 10 and is of a submersible de~ign, including liquid tight seals and the like. A power cable 36 connects the dri~e mctor 34 to a control box 38 which can include a power switch and/or a speed control.
~ At an outlet of the pump 78 is mounted a nozzle `~ hou~ing 40 which includes a plurality of noz~le openings 42 for directing the liquid 14 back into the tank 12.
` The nozæles 42 of the illustrated example are directed ., somewhat downwardly in a mutually opposed radial ;i: direction to provide increased dispersion of the gas-treated liquid.
,~ 30 The device 1~ is shown mountPd vn a base 44 resting on a ~loor of the tank 12. It is also possible to suspend the unit 10 from a structure over the tank 12 or ~ ~ even to provide a floating support (not shown).
,~ Referring now to Figure ~, the nozzle housing 40 ! 35 includes eight of the nozzles 42 directed radially .
~J i~ '3 outward in the nozzl~ hou~ing ~o ~t equally spaced intervals. each of the nozzles 42 includes a feed channel 46 which transmi~s the gas-treated liquid 14 from the pump 28 to the individual nozæles ~2. Although other nozzle arrangements are possi~le~ the illustrated nozzle design disperses the gas treated liquid throughout the tank 12. The outlet opening of each nozzle 42 is somewhat smaller tha~ ~e respec~ive ~eed channel 46 50 that a back pressure is genera~ed at ~he nozæles ~2 by the pump 28. A nozzle outlet pressure for the present device of 10 psi has been found to be ideal for ozone or 13~ while an outlet pressure ol 20 psi is better for oxygen or 2 In Figure 3, two of the airfoil members 24 are positioned within the vertical tube 18, each of th~
airfoils 24 including a forward high pr~ssure surface 50 and a low pressure surface 52 rel~tive to the 10w of ~he liquid 14 as indicated ~y arrows F. The forward surfaces 50 of the airfoils 24 create high pressure regions in the liquid 14 during the flow of the liquid, while a low pressure is created at the low pressure surfaces 52~
Openings 54 are provided in th~ low pressure surfaces 52 extending through to the interior of the airfoils ~4.
Internally of each of the airfoils 24, a divider wall 56 is provided to divide each airfoil into two chambers 58 and 60. The openings 54 are in communica~ion with ~he ~irst chamber 58 from which a fluid i5 fed~ The low pressure at th~ openings 54 draws the fluid through ~he openings so that the fluid feed need not be pressurized.
The bubbles 26 of gas which have been drawn from : the openings 54 have an upward velocity shown schematically at ~0 The flow rate of the liquid has a downward velocity as indicated at ~. In a preferred ;.
example, the liquid flow rate B is greater by a small amount than the upward velocity ~ of the bubbles 26.
Referring now to Figure 4, the airfoil 24 extends across the extent of the tu~e 18 and includes one ~ more of the gas outlet openings 54 along the low pressure surface 520 The first chamber 58 in which the openings 54 are provided i5 supplied with a gas or other fluid through a conduit line 62. The airfoil unit 24 has been mounted within the tube 18 through an opening 64 cut in the side of ~e tube 18, ~he opening 64 being sealed with a sealant 66 proYided around the interface of the airfoil 24 with the tube 180 In Fi~ure 5 can be seen a preferred ~mbodiment including two of the air~oils 2~ moun~.ed within the cylindrical tube 1~ and conneGted to a single gas supply source 68 which, for example, contains ozone *or use in waker purification. Since the op~nings 54 on the low pressure surface 52 draw the gas of other fluid from the source 6~, the source 68 need ~ot be under pressure, although it certai.nly mayO The source 68 can even be an open tube f~r aspirating air or enriched air.
The devic4 of the first embodimen-t op~rates by drawing in the liquid 14 at the inlet 16 so thak it flows past the airfoils 240 The flowing liquid 14 creates low pressure regions adjacent the gas outlet openings 54, which in turn causes bubbles of the gas to be drawn ~5 through the openings 54 and into the liquid. The gas can either be induced by the velocity ov~r the airfoil section or can be supplied undPr pressur2 for a greater flow rate. Since the liquid flow ra~e ~ is greater ~han the gas bubble rise rate ~, the gas bubbles are carried down the tube 18 at a relatively slow rate to result in a co~centraked mixture o~ yas and liquid, The . counteracting ~lows o~ liquid and gas thereby increase ¦ the dwell time of the bubbles 26 in the liquid. As the mixture descends down the tube 18, ~he increasing static pressure reduces the size o the bubbles 26 and increases .,:
, the ab~orption rat~ of the gas into the liquid 14. The compressed mixt.ure then enters the pump 28 whi~h mi~es the liquid and gas and f~rther reduces the si~e of the bubbles 26. The mixture is then discharged through th~
nozzles 42. The nozzle outlet pressure of one emhodiment, for example, is between 10 to 20 pounds per squar~ inch 50 that a back pressure is provided at the nozzles for further gas absorption. Since the nozzles 42 are directed downwardly, any gas bubbles which have yet to be absorbed will traverse a greaker path to rise to the surface of the liquid and thereby fac.ilitate even further gas absorption by the liquid.
A second embodiment is shown in Figure 6, which differs from the first embodiment in several aspectsO
Where like elements are c~mmon between the first and second embodiments, the same reference sharacters have been used. A float 70 rides on the surface 14 of the liquid and supports the inlet 16 at a fixed distance below the surface 14. Although other shapes are possible, a ring shaped floa~ 70 is shown, ~ith the inlet 16 being susp nded kherebelow on cables 72.
The tube 18 is flexible to accomodate vertical movement of the inlet 16 as the liquid level 1~ changes.
A telescoping connection 74 is provided, having an inner ~, 25 sleeve 76 and an outer sleeve 78 in sliding relation, ,.j ï preferrably with a gasket 80 or other sealing means therebetweenO It is also possible for the tube 18 to simply be 1exible, such as of a flexible corrigated ;~ tube.
The gas feed arrangement of this embodimen~ differs `I from that of the first embodiment in that a venturi inlet ., housing 82 is mounted adjacent the inlet 16. The venturi :.l inlet housing 82 includes an annular constriction 84 which reduces the diameter of the ~low path, behind which l 35 is an annular gas feed opening 86 which is connected to :!
. 1 ' '';,~.' '.''.. ' ': ,' ':, ", '' :' .' . ' .. , ' ''' ' . ; : ~ . ' '''.,' . " , . ' ~J ~ . V ~ C~
_9~
a chamber 88. A gas or other fluid is fed into the : chamber B8 by a supply hose 90 which extends to a source of fluid to be mixed into the liquid. As shown, the supply hose 90 can simply draw tha gas from the environment since there is no need to pressurize the gas.
The environmental gas can be air or 9 when t.he process occurs in a sealed vessel, any other gas.
In Figure 7~ ~he ven~uri inlet housing 82 and the chamber ~8 extends around the tube 1~. Referring again to Figure 6, the liquid and gas bubble mixture ~lows down the tube 18 at a rate slightly greater than the rise rate ; of the bubbles and into a pump 92. The pump 92 is a centri~ugal pump. The pump 92 has a 'cangentially directed outlet 94 from which the mixture is ejected back into the liq~id. It is conte~plated to connect a conduit (not shown) to the outlet 94 to feed the liquid and gas . mixture to a separate reservoir.
The second embodiment, and in particular the gas `, feed arrangement of the second embodiment, are useful for injecting gas not only into a liquid, but also for injecting a gas or other fluid into a slurry. The gas feed arrangement shown in Fiyures 6 and 7 is less likely to become blocked or otherwise impeded than an embodiment having airfoils extending across the intake opening, ~. 25 although this depends on the consistancy of the slurry.
,i Thus, there has been described and shown a methodand apparatus for increasing gas absorption in a liquid.
The invention is particularly useful in increasing ozone or air absorption in water treatment facilities. It is also possible to use the present invention to inject carbon dioxide into beverages, and the like, or to mix ,,1 two liquid~ or two gases together.
: It should be understood that various changes and modificatlons to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the -!
TI~
~9iAPPARATUS ~ND MET~OD FOR G.~3 AB~30RP~IO~ :IN ;~ LIQUID~
BACRGRO~JND OF :ir~E INVENT:I:ON
5_ield ~:1~ tha :r~7~ti~n The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for adding a gas or liguid to a liquid, and more particularly/ for effec~ing absorption of a gas in a liguid.
~0~ ri~ n o~ ~h@ ~
Water treatment ~or potable water supplies frequently involves the addi~ion of chlorine to maintain water quality. However, the use of chlorine leaves carcinogenic residuals in the water in quantities wh.ich 15are unacceptable. It has been ~ound ~hat ~reatment by ozone enables smaller amounts of chlorine to b~ used to maintain the purity o~ the ~ater in a water supply system.
De.vices are known for injecting ozone or other 20gases into water for purification. In these devicei~, the gas is ~ubblf~d into a liquid stream for absorptlon at ~' atmospheric pressure and siubmergence.
I~VE~T~0~
An ob7ect of the present invention isi to proYide 25increased absorption of a gas into a liquid.
Another ohject o~ the invention is to provide effective water treaitment using reduced levels of chlorine in a water supply system.
Arlother object of the invention is to provide means 30or ozone treatmfant of watPr for a water supply system.
~1~ A further object of the invention is to provide for ', nearly complete absorption of a gais in~o a liquid at increased absorption rates.
I Yet another object is to effectively add a gas or j~ 35liquid to a lifquid with a~ increased dwell time and ~' efficient mixing. These and other objec~s of the f .~ .
'~1 !
f,~ ~) invention are pro~ided .in a method and apparatus for injecting gas or li~uid at a low pressure into a liquid and then directing th~ mixture into a pump. When a gas is injected into the li~uid, the gas and liquid mixture 5 is caused to flow downward prior to rPaching the pump to increase the dwell time of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
Because oî the increasirlg dep~h of liquid, the pressure of the ga~ and 1 iquid mix~ure increases during the downward flow, ~hereby reducing ~he si~e of ~he bubbles 10 and increasing the absorption rate of the gas into the liquid. The rate of downward flow of the liquid and gas mixture is slightly greater ~han ~he upward mo~ion of the gas bubbles os that a higher conce~tration of the gas bubbles is drawn into the pump. The li~uid and gas mixture is then discharged under pressure from the apparatus into a reservisr of the li~uid.
The apparatus o~ thQ invention is generally eithPr supported or suspended within a tank and has a liquid inlet below the liquid level in the tank. Within the inlet, the gas or a second liquid is injected into the li~uid. In one development, the in-flowing liquid creates a luw pressure zone which draws in the gas or second liquid, such as by flowing over air foils having feed openings on low pressure surfaces, so ~hat a 25 pressurized f~ed is not required. In another developm~nt, the liquid inlet is maintained at a constant level below the liquid surface. This en5ures that the ~apparatus can operate regardless of the liquid level.
.~A generally vertically oriented tube extends frQm the liquid inlet to an inlet of the pump so ~ha~ the liquid and gas mixture are drawn downwardly opposite the ~,~direction of the gas bubbles, which increases the dwell time of the gas in the liquid. The liquid and gas ~:mixture is agitated and mixed by the pump and is then forced out a pump outlet. At least one~ and preferrably ':
,f`,l/',"
a plurality of nozzles are provided at the outlet of the pump for directing i;he liqu.id and gas mixture back into the li~uid reservoir.
Thus, the gas is in contact with the li~uid for an increased length o~ tlme, the dwell time of the gas bubbles in the liquid being controlled by the flow rate : in the vertically dispos0d tube. Furthermo~e, the abs~rption of the gas into the liquid is increased by the increasing pressures present as the liquid and gas lo mixture flows downward through the tube. Once in the pump, the pump impeller imparts energy to the mixture which further reduces the bubble size and mixes the gas - and liquid~ after which the liquid and gas mixture is subjected to a back pressure created by the nozzles at the outlets of the pump. The back pres~ure increases the : gas absorption rate as taught by Stearns in his U.S.
~ Patent No. 3,~77,5~1.
; Once discharged from the apparatus, ~he gas bubbles have a still further opportunity for absorption while , 20 rising to the surfa~e of the liquid within the resevoir.
,~, The absorption of the gas into the liquid is even further enhanced by directing the nozzles of the device somewhat ~,1 downwardly so that the travel time of the bubbles through 1~ ~he liquid is increased. The no~zles also disperse the ;3~ 25 liquid and gas mixture throughout the container or :`1 reservoir.
-, The method and apparatus of ~he present in~enti~n are particularly useful in effecting ozone, oxygen or air absortion during potable water treatment, and, when ozone is used, a reduced amount of chlorine is required while maintaining the quality of the water. It is expected that absorption of the ozone or other gas into the water will be such that little, if any, of the gas bubbles leave the liquid. It is also contempla~ed that the .l~ 35 present apparatus can be used for carbonation of !
' 1 S~
beverages and the like, as well as for other gas/liquid or liguid/liquid m;ixing operations, and may even be useful in ga~/gas mixing. In these instances, the two fluids being mixed preferrably have different specific 5gr~vities to enable the dwell time ~o be ~ontrolled and increased.
B:P~IE:F DESCRIPl~ION OF 5r~IE DR~WIN(:S
Figure 1 is a vertical cross section of an apparatus a~cording to the principles of the present 10invention in us~ in a liquid reservoir;
Figure 2 is a cross section along line II-II of Figure 1 showing a pump outlek arrangement for the apparatus;
Figure 3 is an enlarged detail of an airfoil 15arrangement at the liquid inlet o~ the apparatus o~
Figure 1:
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of an airfoi~
of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a cross section of Figure 4 showing the 20airfoil arrange~ent of khe present invention;
Figure 6 is a vertical cross section of a s~cond embodiment of the invention; and Figure 7 is a cross ~ection along line VII-VII of Figure 6 showiny a venturi air inlet.
- 25D~TAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E
~ PRES~N~LY PREF~RR~D ~MBODIMEN~5 i In Figure 1, is shown an apparatus 10 within a tank 12 filled with liquid 14. For example, th2 liquid 14 can be water in a water treatment system to which oæone or 30oxygen is to be added, although it can also be a liquid into which gas, such as carbon dioxide or the like, is to ~2 mixed ox any two fluids preferrably of differing pecific ~ravities. The apparatus ~0 has an inlet opening 16 in~o which ~he liquid 14 is drawn ~or passage 35through a vertical tube 18~ ~lthough a vertical tube 18 . i .
~: , i~ preferred, it is of cour~e possible for the tube 18 to be inclined as well, howe~er, not at a~ angle exceeding 45 degrees. In the illustrated example, the inlet 16 is of a larger diameter than the tube 18. The enlarged inlet 16 is formed by a frusto-conical wall 20 connecting the tube 18 to a larger diameter wall 22.
Within the tube 18, are one or more airfoils 24 which inject a gas or liquid, such as ozone, in-~o the liquid 14. After injection og ~h~ gas or liquid, ~he mixture flows downward through the tube 18 at a flow rate such that gas bubbles 26 will not rise to the surfaceO
The tube 18 is connected at its lower end to a pump 28 which draws the liquid 14 downward along the vertisal extent of the tube 18. ~he kube 1~ can be as short as one foot or as long as 40 or more feet. The pump 28 includes an impeller 30 mounted therewithin on a shaft - 32 which is driven by a drive motor 34. The drive motor 34 is suspended ~elow the device 10 and is of a submersible de~ign, including liquid tight seals and the like. A power cable 36 connects the dri~e mctor 34 to a control box 38 which can include a power switch and/or a speed control.
~ At an outlet of the pump 78 is mounted a nozzle `~ hou~ing 40 which includes a plurality of noz~le openings 42 for directing the liquid 14 back into the tank 12.
` The nozæles 42 of the illustrated example are directed ., somewhat downwardly in a mutually opposed radial ;i: direction to provide increased dispersion of the gas-treated liquid.
,~ 30 The device 1~ is shown mountPd vn a base 44 resting on a ~loor of the tank 12. It is also possible to suspend the unit 10 from a structure over the tank 12 or ~ ~ even to provide a floating support (not shown).
,~ Referring now to Figure ~, the nozzle housing 40 ! 35 includes eight of the nozzles 42 directed radially .
~J i~ '3 outward in the nozzl~ hou~ing ~o ~t equally spaced intervals. each of the nozzles 42 includes a feed channel 46 which transmi~s the gas-treated liquid 14 from the pump 28 to the individual nozæles ~2. Although other nozzle arrangements are possi~le~ the illustrated nozzle design disperses the gas treated liquid throughout the tank 12. The outlet opening of each nozzle 42 is somewhat smaller tha~ ~e respec~ive ~eed channel 46 50 that a back pressure is genera~ed at ~he nozæles ~2 by the pump 28. A nozzle outlet pressure for the present device of 10 psi has been found to be ideal for ozone or 13~ while an outlet pressure ol 20 psi is better for oxygen or 2 In Figure 3, two of the airfoil members 24 are positioned within the vertical tube 18, each of th~
airfoils 24 including a forward high pr~ssure surface 50 and a low pressure surface 52 rel~tive to the 10w of ~he liquid 14 as indicated ~y arrows F. The forward surfaces 50 of the airfoils 24 create high pressure regions in the liquid 14 during the flow of the liquid, while a low pressure is created at the low pressure surfaces 52~
Openings 54 are provided in th~ low pressure surfaces 52 extending through to the interior of the airfoils ~4.
Internally of each of the airfoils 24, a divider wall 56 is provided to divide each airfoil into two chambers 58 and 60. The openings 54 are in communica~ion with ~he ~irst chamber 58 from which a fluid i5 fed~ The low pressure at th~ openings 54 draws the fluid through ~he openings so that the fluid feed need not be pressurized.
The bubbles 26 of gas which have been drawn from : the openings 54 have an upward velocity shown schematically at ~0 The flow rate of the liquid has a downward velocity as indicated at ~. In a preferred ;.
example, the liquid flow rate B is greater by a small amount than the upward velocity ~ of the bubbles 26.
Referring now to Figure 4, the airfoil 24 extends across the extent of the tu~e 18 and includes one ~ more of the gas outlet openings 54 along the low pressure surface 520 The first chamber 58 in which the openings 54 are provided i5 supplied with a gas or other fluid through a conduit line 62. The airfoil unit 24 has been mounted within the tube 18 through an opening 64 cut in the side of ~e tube 18, ~he opening 64 being sealed with a sealant 66 proYided around the interface of the airfoil 24 with the tube 180 In Fi~ure 5 can be seen a preferred ~mbodiment including two of the air~oils 2~ moun~.ed within the cylindrical tube 1~ and conneGted to a single gas supply source 68 which, for example, contains ozone *or use in waker purification. Since the op~nings 54 on the low pressure surface 52 draw the gas of other fluid from the source 6~, the source 68 need ~ot be under pressure, although it certai.nly mayO The source 68 can even be an open tube f~r aspirating air or enriched air.
The devic4 of the first embodimen-t op~rates by drawing in the liquid 14 at the inlet 16 so thak it flows past the airfoils 240 The flowing liquid 14 creates low pressure regions adjacent the gas outlet openings 54, which in turn causes bubbles of the gas to be drawn ~5 through the openings 54 and into the liquid. The gas can either be induced by the velocity ov~r the airfoil section or can be supplied undPr pressur2 for a greater flow rate. Since the liquid flow ra~e ~ is greater ~han the gas bubble rise rate ~, the gas bubbles are carried down the tube 18 at a relatively slow rate to result in a co~centraked mixture o~ yas and liquid, The . counteracting ~lows o~ liquid and gas thereby increase ¦ the dwell time of the bubbles 26 in the liquid. As the mixture descends down the tube 18, ~he increasing static pressure reduces the size o the bubbles 26 and increases .,:
, the ab~orption rat~ of the gas into the liquid 14. The compressed mixt.ure then enters the pump 28 whi~h mi~es the liquid and gas and f~rther reduces the si~e of the bubbles 26. The mixture is then discharged through th~
nozzles 42. The nozzle outlet pressure of one emhodiment, for example, is between 10 to 20 pounds per squar~ inch 50 that a back pressure is provided at the nozzles for further gas absorption. Since the nozzles 42 are directed downwardly, any gas bubbles which have yet to be absorbed will traverse a greaker path to rise to the surface of the liquid and thereby fac.ilitate even further gas absorption by the liquid.
A second embodiment is shown in Figure 6, which differs from the first embodiment in several aspectsO
Where like elements are c~mmon between the first and second embodiments, the same reference sharacters have been used. A float 70 rides on the surface 14 of the liquid and supports the inlet 16 at a fixed distance below the surface 14. Although other shapes are possible, a ring shaped floa~ 70 is shown, ~ith the inlet 16 being susp nded kherebelow on cables 72.
The tube 18 is flexible to accomodate vertical movement of the inlet 16 as the liquid level 1~ changes.
A telescoping connection 74 is provided, having an inner ~, 25 sleeve 76 and an outer sleeve 78 in sliding relation, ,.j ï preferrably with a gasket 80 or other sealing means therebetweenO It is also possible for the tube 18 to simply be 1exible, such as of a flexible corrigated ;~ tube.
The gas feed arrangement of this embodimen~ differs `I from that of the first embodiment in that a venturi inlet ., housing 82 is mounted adjacent the inlet 16. The venturi :.l inlet housing 82 includes an annular constriction 84 which reduces the diameter of the ~low path, behind which l 35 is an annular gas feed opening 86 which is connected to :!
. 1 ' '';,~.' '.''.. ' ': ,' ':, ", '' :' .' . ' .. , ' ''' ' . ; : ~ . ' '''.,' . " , . ' ~J ~ . V ~ C~
_9~
a chamber 88. A gas or other fluid is fed into the : chamber B8 by a supply hose 90 which extends to a source of fluid to be mixed into the liquid. As shown, the supply hose 90 can simply draw tha gas from the environment since there is no need to pressurize the gas.
The environmental gas can be air or 9 when t.he process occurs in a sealed vessel, any other gas.
In Figure 7~ ~he ven~uri inlet housing 82 and the chamber ~8 extends around the tube 1~. Referring again to Figure 6, the liquid and gas bubble mixture ~lows down the tube 18 at a rate slightly greater than the rise rate ; of the bubbles and into a pump 92. The pump 92 is a centri~ugal pump. The pump 92 has a 'cangentially directed outlet 94 from which the mixture is ejected back into the liq~id. It is conte~plated to connect a conduit (not shown) to the outlet 94 to feed the liquid and gas . mixture to a separate reservoir.
The second embodiment, and in particular the gas `, feed arrangement of the second embodiment, are useful for injecting gas not only into a liquid, but also for injecting a gas or other fluid into a slurry. The gas feed arrangement shown in Fiyures 6 and 7 is less likely to become blocked or otherwise impeded than an embodiment having airfoils extending across the intake opening, ~. 25 although this depends on the consistancy of the slurry.
,i Thus, there has been described and shown a methodand apparatus for increasing gas absorption in a liquid.
The invention is particularly useful in increasing ozone or air absorption in water treatment facilities. It is also possible to use the present invention to inject carbon dioxide into beverages, and the like, or to mix ,,1 two liquid~ or two gases together.
: It should be understood that various changes and modificatlons to the presently preferred embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the -!
2~3~ ~3(~
art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without dimin.ishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes 5 and modifications be covered by the appended claims.
.
`
.d "~
7 ~
art. Such changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and without dimin.ishing its attendant advantages. It is therefore intended that such changes 5 and modifications be covered by the appended claims.
.
`
.d "~
7 ~
Claims (21)
1. A method for effecting absorption of a first fluid in a second fluid wherein said second fluid has a higher specific gravity than said first fluid, comprising:
injecting the first fluid into the second fluid at a predetermined pressure;
directing a flow of the second fluid and the first fluid in a generally downward direction substantially opposite to the movement direction of the first fluid in the second fluid to increase dwell time of the first fluid in the first and second fluid;
increasing pressure of the first and second fluids during said generally downwardly directed flow to increase absorption of the first fluid into the second fluid; and discharging the first and second fluid into a reservoir of the second fluid.
injecting the first fluid into the second fluid at a predetermined pressure;
directing a flow of the second fluid and the first fluid in a generally downward direction substantially opposite to the movement direction of the first fluid in the second fluid to increase dwell time of the first fluid in the first and second fluid;
increasing pressure of the first and second fluids during said generally downwardly directed flow to increase absorption of the first fluid into the second fluid; and discharging the first and second fluid into a reservoir of the second fluid.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rate of said flow of the first and second fluids in a downward direction is greater than a rate of upward movement of the first fluid in the second fluid.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein backpressure of the first and second fluids is increased prior to discharging the first and second fluids into the reservoir.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of discharging the first and second fluids includes discharging the first and second fluids in a downward direction.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first fluid is ozone and the second fluid is water.
6. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
drawing in the second fluid from the reservoir prior to injecting the first fluid.
drawing in the second fluid from the reservoir prior to injecting the first fluid.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
maintaining a fluid inlet at a substantially constant level below a surface of the second fluid in said reservoir.
maintaining a fluid inlet at a substantially constant level below a surface of the second fluid in said reservoir.
8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said predetermined pressure at which said first fluid is injected is substantially equal to atmospheric pressure.
9. A method for mixing a gas and a liquid, comprising:
directing the gas into the liquid in a substantially unpressurized flow;
directing the gas and liquid in a direction substantially opposite the direction of movement of the gas in the liquid; and discharging the liquid and gas into a reservoir of the liquid.
directing the gas into the liquid in a substantially unpressurized flow;
directing the gas and liquid in a direction substantially opposite the direction of movement of the gas in the liquid; and discharging the liquid and gas into a reservoir of the liquid.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising:
generating a low pressure zone in the liquid to assist said directing of the gas into the liquid.
generating a low pressure zone in the liquid to assist said directing of the gas into the liquid.
11. An apparatus for effecting gas absorption in a liquid, comprising:
means for injecting a gas into a liquid at a predetermined pressure, means for directing a flow of the liquid and gas in a generally downward direction substantially opposite to the movement direction of bubbles of the gas in the liquid to increase dwell time of the gas in the liquid;
means for increasing pressure of the liquid and gas during said generally downwardly directed flow to increase absorption of the gas into the liquid; and means for discharging the liquid and gas into a reservoir of the liquid.
means for injecting a gas into a liquid at a predetermined pressure, means for directing a flow of the liquid and gas in a generally downward direction substantially opposite to the movement direction of bubbles of the gas in the liquid to increase dwell time of the gas in the liquid;
means for increasing pressure of the liquid and gas during said generally downwardly directed flow to increase absorption of the gas into the liquid; and means for discharging the liquid and gas into a reservoir of the liquid.
12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for directing a flow includes;
a generally vertically oriented tube having said gas injecting means at an upper end and a means for regulating liquid flow through said tube at a lower end so that the liquid and gas flow generally downwardly through said tube.
a generally vertically oriented tube having said gas injecting means at an upper end and a means for regulating liquid flow through said tube at a lower end so that the liquid and gas flow generally downwardly through said tube.
13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein said means for regulating liquid flow includes a pump having an inlet at said lower end of said tube.
14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said pump includes at least one outlet and wherein said means for discharging includes a nozzle connected to said at least one pump outlet, said nozzle being mounted to directed a flow of the liquid and gas in a direction having a downward component.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said at least one outlet of said pump is a plurality of outlets and wherein each of said outlets includes a nozzle.
16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for injecting gas includes at least one airfoil having gas conducting openings on at least one low pressure surface through which the gas passes into the liquid.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for injecting gas includes a venturi constriction in a flow tube.
18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, further comprising: means for maintaining a liquid inlet opening at a substantially constant distance from a surface of the liquid.
19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 11, wherein said means for directing a flow includes:
a tube having said gas injecting means as an upper end and a means for regulating liquid flow through said tube at a lower end, said tube extending at an angle not exceeding 45 degrees from vertical.
a tube having said gas injecting means as an upper end and a means for regulating liquid flow through said tube at a lower end, said tube extending at an angle not exceeding 45 degrees from vertical.
20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein said liquid is a slurry.
21. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second fluid is a slurry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2041888 CA2041888A1 (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1991-05-06 | Apparatus and method for gas absorption in a liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11667087A | 1987-11-04 | 1987-11-04 | |
| CA 2041888 CA2041888A1 (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1991-05-06 | Apparatus and method for gas absorption in a liquid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2041888A1 true CA2041888A1 (en) | 1992-11-07 |
Family
ID=25674596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2041888 Abandoned CA2041888A1 (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1991-05-06 | Apparatus and method for gas absorption in a liquid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2041888A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460731A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-10-24 | Aquatex Group Industrie, S.A. | Method of aeration of liquids |
-
1991
- 1991-05-06 CA CA 2041888 patent/CA2041888A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5460731A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-10-24 | Aquatex Group Industrie, S.A. | Method of aeration of liquids |
| US5601724A (en) * | 1993-07-23 | 1997-02-11 | Aquatex Group Industrie, S.A. | Method of aeration of liquids |
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