CA2041750A1 - Electrically heated hose - Google Patents
Electrically heated hoseInfo
- Publication number
- CA2041750A1 CA2041750A1 CA002041750A CA2041750A CA2041750A1 CA 2041750 A1 CA2041750 A1 CA 2041750A1 CA 002041750 A CA002041750 A CA 002041750A CA 2041750 A CA2041750 A CA 2041750A CA 2041750 A1 CA2041750 A1 CA 2041750A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hose
- conductor
- heating
- braided wire
- wire structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/58—Heating hoses; Heating collars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/46—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices using liquid; Windscreen washers
- B60S1/48—Liquid supply therefor
- B60S1/487—Liquid supply therefor the liquid being heated
- B60S1/488—Liquid supply therefor the liquid being heated electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
- F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electrically heated hose, particularly for heating vehicle windshield washer systems, including a heating conductor arranged longitudinally in the interior of the hose. The heating conductor is a coaxial conductor having a center electrical conductor, a conductive braided wire structure conductively connected at a first end with the center electrical conductor but otherwise separated from the center electrical conductor by an insulating layer, and an outer liquid-tight electrical insulating layer disposed on the conductive braided wire structure. The second end of the coaxial heating conductor extends out of said hose via a liquid-tight seal where a plug-in element, for connection to a current source, is connected to the center electrical conductor and to the conductive braided wire structure.
An electrically heated hose, particularly for heating vehicle windshield washer systems, including a heating conductor arranged longitudinally in the interior of the hose. The heating conductor is a coaxial conductor having a center electrical conductor, a conductive braided wire structure conductively connected at a first end with the center electrical conductor but otherwise separated from the center electrical conductor by an insulating layer, and an outer liquid-tight electrical insulating layer disposed on the conductive braided wire structure. The second end of the coaxial heating conductor extends out of said hose via a liquid-tight seal where a plug-in element, for connection to a current source, is connected to the center electrical conductor and to the conductive braided wire structure.
Description
20~ 7~
BACgGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
This invention relates to an electrically heated hose, particularly for heating vehicle windshield washer systems, including a heating conductor for transporting the thermal energy to the washing fluid contained in the interior of the . 10 hose, with the heating conductor having electrical terminals and being an insulated unit that extends longitudinally in the interior of the hose.
German Gebrauchsmuster ~Utility Model) No. 86/07,830 discloses an electrical heating device for the washing fluid in vehicle windshield washer systems. In this device, the heating wire lies as an insulated conductor in the interior of the hose carrying the washing fluid. It has been found to be a drawback of this system that it requires two wires, namely the actual heating wire and the return wire, to.be arranged next to one another in the interior of the hose. In order to conduct current, this requires two current carrying terminals at each input and output, involving a complicated connection technique in which the system must be interrupted 20~17~
repeatedly in order to form branches or other connections.
This drawback becomes particularly apparent if branch nozzles and similar elements are involved.
SUMI~ARY OF THE INV~TION
It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the above-described drawbacks and to provide a hose heating system which, in addition to being easily manufactured, involves an uncomplicated connection technique.
- This object and others to become apparent as the specification progresses, are accomplished by the invention, according to which, briefly stated, the heating conductor is configured as a coaxial conductor having a copper conductor in its interior, a conductive braided wire structure which is separated therefrom by an insulating layer, as well as an external insulation. The copper conductor and the braided wire structure are electrically connected with one another in the region of one end of the hose, and at the other free end of the hose the heating conductor is brought out of the hose in a sealed manner. The copper conductor and the braided wire structure are combined, while being insulated from one another, in a plug-in member which can be connected with a current source by a simple plug-in process.
BACgGROUND OF T~E INVENTION
This invention relates to an electrically heated hose, particularly for heating vehicle windshield washer systems, including a heating conductor for transporting the thermal energy to the washing fluid contained in the interior of the . 10 hose, with the heating conductor having electrical terminals and being an insulated unit that extends longitudinally in the interior of the hose.
German Gebrauchsmuster ~Utility Model) No. 86/07,830 discloses an electrical heating device for the washing fluid in vehicle windshield washer systems. In this device, the heating wire lies as an insulated conductor in the interior of the hose carrying the washing fluid. It has been found to be a drawback of this system that it requires two wires, namely the actual heating wire and the return wire, to.be arranged next to one another in the interior of the hose. In order to conduct current, this requires two current carrying terminals at each input and output, involving a complicated connection technique in which the system must be interrupted 20~17~
repeatedly in order to form branches or other connections.
This drawback becomes particularly apparent if branch nozzles and similar elements are involved.
SUMI~ARY OF THE INV~TION
It is therefore an object of the invention to avoid the above-described drawbacks and to provide a hose heating system which, in addition to being easily manufactured, involves an uncomplicated connection technique.
- This object and others to become apparent as the specification progresses, are accomplished by the invention, according to which, briefly stated, the heating conductor is configured as a coaxial conductor having a copper conductor in its interior, a conductive braided wire structure which is separated therefrom by an insulating layer, as well as an external insulation. The copper conductor and the braided wire structure are electrically connected with one another in the region of one end of the hose, and at the other free end of the hose the heating conductor is brought out of the hose in a sealed manner. The copper conductor and the braided wire structure are combined, while being insulated from one another, in a plug-in member which can be connected with a current source by a simple plug-in process.
2~ 75~
The advantages of the invention are that only one compact conductor (or cable) is disposed in the water in the interior of the hose. The heating conductor projects only from one end of the hose and simple T-branches can be employed for branch nozzles. It is therefore not necessary to interrupt the system to establish the branches, and the heating system can be employed without complication for hoses, fluid containers, and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF l~EIE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing a hose conduit, provided with branches, and a heating conductor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heating conductor of Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the connection at one end of the heating conductor of Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating the connection at the other end of the heating conductor.
2~4~7~
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PRE]FERRED ENBODINENT
Figure 1 shows a hose conduit 1 including a coaxial heating conductor 2 disposed in its interior 11. At one free end 12, hose conduit 1 is tightly sealed by a closure element 13. At its other free end 14, a stub 31 of a T-shaped connecting member 3 is tightly inserted into the interior 11 of the hose. Stub 31 extends in the axial direction of connecting member 3 and changes into a likewise axially extending stub 32. A stub 33 projects on the side in the middle between the two axially extending stubs 31 and 32.
One end of the heating conductor 2 leaves the interior 11 of hose conduit 1 via the end of stub 32 which is sealed in a known manner.
Hose conduit 1 is provided with further T-shaped connecting members 4, 5 which are distributed over its length. These connecting members 4, 5 may have the same configuration as connecting member 3. Each one of the members 3, 4, 5 is a simple hose connection, which, in addition to being a T-shaped connecting member as shown, may additionally be configured as an axial connector, as a Y-shaped connector, or the like. These connecting members may be connected, for example, directly with nozzle openings (not shown) for spraying out washer fluid onto, for example, the 2~ 7~
windshields of motor vehicles or may be connected with other connections.
The end of heating conductor 2 coming out of interior 11 of the hose conduit 1 is connected by a plug-in connector 21 with a current source 6. At the end 22 of the coaxial conductor, i.e. in the region of the free end 12 of hose conduit 1, a copper conductor and conductive plaited wires of the conductor 2 are electrically connected with one another and this conductive connection is covered by an insulating layer, as described in greater detail below.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heating conductor 2. As considered from the inside out, heating conductor 2 includes a stranded copper wire center conductor 23 that is surrounded by an electrical and thermal insulation 24 made of, for example, polyamide, and heating conductor wire in the form of a conductive braided wire structure 25 disposed on insulation 24. This conductive braided wire structure 25 may be, for example, a copper wire braid. A
thermal insulation 26, which may be, for example, glass silk, is in turn disposed on braided wire structure 25. The entire structure is encased in a bending-resistant and water-tight insulation 27, for example, of polyamide.
Figure 3 shows the conductive connection of copper conductor 23 and the braided wire structure 25 at the end 22 ~ ~ 4 ~ rG~ ~ ~
of the conductor 2 in the region of free hose end 12. In Fig. 3, the water-tight insulation 27 and the thermal insulation 26 at the end 22 have been removed. Moreover, the insulation 24 has also been removed at the end 22, e.g., by previous lifting of conductive braided wire structure 25 away from the further structure, and the braided wire structure 25 directly applied and soldered to the copper conductor 23. The free end 22 of thermal conductor 2 iS then encased in a water-tight insulation 28.
Figure 4 shows the connection of copper conductor 23 and the conductive braided wire structure 25 to the plug-in connector 21. At this end, the insulation 26, 27 has been removed from copper conductor 23 and conductive braided wire structure 25 as described in connection with Figure 3 .
Then, copper conductor 23 is electrically connected with a short plug-in pin 211, and conductive braided wire structure 25 is electrically connected with a long plug-in pin 212.
Plug-in pins 211, 212 are then insulated electrically and thermally against one another and the entire structure is encased in a bend resistant and water-tight insulation 28'.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes, and adaptations, and the same are intended to be -2~7~0 comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
... ... .
The advantages of the invention are that only one compact conductor (or cable) is disposed in the water in the interior of the hose. The heating conductor projects only from one end of the hose and simple T-branches can be employed for branch nozzles. It is therefore not necessary to interrupt the system to establish the branches, and the heating system can be employed without complication for hoses, fluid containers, and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF l~EIE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic sectional elevational view showing a hose conduit, provided with branches, and a heating conductor according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heating conductor of Fig. 1.
Figure 3 is a schematic view illustrating the connection at one end of the heating conductor of Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic view illustrating the connection at the other end of the heating conductor.
2~4~7~
DESCRIPTION OF T~E PRE]FERRED ENBODINENT
Figure 1 shows a hose conduit 1 including a coaxial heating conductor 2 disposed in its interior 11. At one free end 12, hose conduit 1 is tightly sealed by a closure element 13. At its other free end 14, a stub 31 of a T-shaped connecting member 3 is tightly inserted into the interior 11 of the hose. Stub 31 extends in the axial direction of connecting member 3 and changes into a likewise axially extending stub 32. A stub 33 projects on the side in the middle between the two axially extending stubs 31 and 32.
One end of the heating conductor 2 leaves the interior 11 of hose conduit 1 via the end of stub 32 which is sealed in a known manner.
Hose conduit 1 is provided with further T-shaped connecting members 4, 5 which are distributed over its length. These connecting members 4, 5 may have the same configuration as connecting member 3. Each one of the members 3, 4, 5 is a simple hose connection, which, in addition to being a T-shaped connecting member as shown, may additionally be configured as an axial connector, as a Y-shaped connector, or the like. These connecting members may be connected, for example, directly with nozzle openings (not shown) for spraying out washer fluid onto, for example, the 2~ 7~
windshields of motor vehicles or may be connected with other connections.
The end of heating conductor 2 coming out of interior 11 of the hose conduit 1 is connected by a plug-in connector 21 with a current source 6. At the end 22 of the coaxial conductor, i.e. in the region of the free end 12 of hose conduit 1, a copper conductor and conductive plaited wires of the conductor 2 are electrically connected with one another and this conductive connection is covered by an insulating layer, as described in greater detail below.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heating conductor 2. As considered from the inside out, heating conductor 2 includes a stranded copper wire center conductor 23 that is surrounded by an electrical and thermal insulation 24 made of, for example, polyamide, and heating conductor wire in the form of a conductive braided wire structure 25 disposed on insulation 24. This conductive braided wire structure 25 may be, for example, a copper wire braid. A
thermal insulation 26, which may be, for example, glass silk, is in turn disposed on braided wire structure 25. The entire structure is encased in a bending-resistant and water-tight insulation 27, for example, of polyamide.
Figure 3 shows the conductive connection of copper conductor 23 and the braided wire structure 25 at the end 22 ~ ~ 4 ~ rG~ ~ ~
of the conductor 2 in the region of free hose end 12. In Fig. 3, the water-tight insulation 27 and the thermal insulation 26 at the end 22 have been removed. Moreover, the insulation 24 has also been removed at the end 22, e.g., by previous lifting of conductive braided wire structure 25 away from the further structure, and the braided wire structure 25 directly applied and soldered to the copper conductor 23. The free end 22 of thermal conductor 2 iS then encased in a water-tight insulation 28.
Figure 4 shows the connection of copper conductor 23 and the conductive braided wire structure 25 to the plug-in connector 21. At this end, the insulation 26, 27 has been removed from copper conductor 23 and conductive braided wire structure 25 as described in connection with Figure 3 .
Then, copper conductor 23 is electrically connected with a short plug-in pin 211, and conductive braided wire structure 25 is electrically connected with a long plug-in pin 212.
Plug-in pins 211, 212 are then insulated electrically and thermally against one another and the entire structure is encased in a bend resistant and water-tight insulation 28'.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes, and adaptations, and the same are intended to be -2~7~0 comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
... ... .
Claims (6)
1. An electrically heated hose, particularly for heating vehicle windshield washer systems, comprising:
a hose having first and second ends and defining an interior conduit;
a heating conductor arranged in said interior conduit of said hose, extending along a length of said hose, and having a first end which extends out of said interior conduit of the hose adjacent said first end of said hose via a liquid-tight seal, said heating conductor being a coaxial conductor including a center electrical conductor, an electrical insulating layer disposed around said center conductor, a conductive braided wire structure disposed on said electrical insulating layer and electrically connected to said center electrical conductor at the second end of said heating conductor, and a liquid-tight outer insulating layer; and a plug-in connector, f or connection to a current source, electrically connected to said electrical conductor and to said conductive braided wire structure at said first end of said heating conductor and outside of said interior conduit of said hose.
a hose having first and second ends and defining an interior conduit;
a heating conductor arranged in said interior conduit of said hose, extending along a length of said hose, and having a first end which extends out of said interior conduit of the hose adjacent said first end of said hose via a liquid-tight seal, said heating conductor being a coaxial conductor including a center electrical conductor, an electrical insulating layer disposed around said center conductor, a conductive braided wire structure disposed on said electrical insulating layer and electrically connected to said center electrical conductor at the second end of said heating conductor, and a liquid-tight outer insulating layer; and a plug-in connector, f or connection to a current source, electrically connected to said electrical conductor and to said conductive braided wire structure at said first end of said heating conductor and outside of said interior conduit of said hose.
2. An electrically heated hose as defined in claim 1, wherein said coaxial heating conductor extends along substantially the entire length of said conduit.
3. An electrically heated hose as defined in claim 1, wherein said hose includes at least one branch opening along its length.
4. An electrically heated hose as defined in claim 1, wherein said liquid-tight seal is disposed at said first end of said hose.
5. An electrically heated hose as defined in claim 1, wherein said heating conductor further includes a thermal insulator disposed between said liquid-tight outer insulating layer and said conductive braided wire structure.
6. An electrically heated hose as defined in claim 1, wherein said electrical conductor and said conductive braided wire structure each comprises copper.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE9004980U DE9004980U1 (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1990-05-02 | Electrically heated hose |
| DEG9004980 | 1990-05-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2041750A1 true CA2041750A1 (en) | 1991-11-03 |
Family
ID=6853428
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002041750A Abandoned CA2041750A1 (en) | 1990-05-02 | 1991-05-02 | Electrically heated hose |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0456024A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2041750A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE9004980U1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI912071A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO911477L (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2950844A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-08 | Valeo Systemes Dessuyage | DEVICE FOR DELIVERING CLEANING LIQUID FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0411175U (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1992-01-30 | ||
| GB9123670D0 (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1992-01-02 | Naylor Neville | Improvements relating to the thawing of frozen pipes |
| DE4307371A1 (en) * | 1993-03-09 | 1994-09-15 | Hit Hillesheim Innovations Und | Heatable line for a flow medium |
| DE4404409A1 (en) * | 1994-02-11 | 1995-08-17 | Kammerer Gmbh M | Windscreen washer system for motor vehicles |
| DE29703138U1 (en) | 1997-02-24 | 1998-07-02 | Kröger, Hans, Dipl.-Ing., 88718 Daisendorf | Frost protection device |
| DE29812492U1 (en) | 1998-07-14 | 1998-10-08 | Bitzer, Horst, 72479 Straßberg | Windscreen washer system for motor vehicles |
| EP1040973B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2005-04-20 | A. Raymond & Cie | Electrically heated hose for windscreen cleaning device |
| FR2804395B1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2002-05-10 | Renault | DEVICE FOR WASHING A GLASS SURFACE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| DE10055423A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-23 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Liquid heating device for conduit system has pipe section containing electric heating wire provided with separate liquid feed connection and current feed |
| DE10060316B4 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2008-06-19 | Paul Rosenberger | Press nipple for a heatable hose for supplying flowable media, in particular water and water mixtures, in a car wash |
| DE10243448B4 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2007-05-24 | Beurer Gmbh & Co | Pliable radiator |
| DE10314422A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-28 | Valeo Systèmes d`Essuyage | Nozzle arrangement for a washer system of a vehicle |
| DE102007007761A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Vola Plast Werner Hoppach Kg | Washer or headlamp washing system of a vehicle and a Fluidzuführschlauch this |
| DE202007007125U1 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-10-02 | Rehau Ag + Co | Heating means for heating a fluid |
| DE202010001821U1 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-06-09 | REHAU AG + Co., 95111 | Spray nozzle arrangement of a windscreen cleaning system of a vehicle |
| DE202010007529U1 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-10-19 | Rehau Ag + Co. | Heatable media line, in particular for process media of a fuel cell system, and fuel cell systems |
| DE102014214687A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Contitech Techno-Chemie Gmbh | Heated hose |
| DE102014214690A1 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-01-28 | Contitech Techno-Chemie Gmbh | Heated hose |
| FR3039483B1 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2019-01-25 | Valeo Systemes D'essuyage | CONVEYANCE FOR TRANSPORTING A REDUCED ICEWASHING LIQUID COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE COAXIAL ELECTRIC WIRE |
| DE202017106495U1 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2017-11-13 | Elmeric Gmbh | Heatable flexible hose with applied heating element |
| DE102017125104A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-02 | Elmeric Gmbh | Heatable flexible hose with applied heating element |
| DE102021103869A1 (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Nozzle system for cleaning a vehicle part, in particular a window of a motor vehicle, and cleaning method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4423311A (en) * | 1981-01-19 | 1983-12-27 | Varney Sr Paul | Electric heating apparatus for de-icing pipes |
| DE3414284A1 (en) * | 1984-04-14 | 1985-10-31 | Heraeus-Wittmann Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Electrical heating element for pipelines, especially for long pipelines |
-
1990
- 1990-05-02 DE DE9004980U patent/DE9004980U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-04-16 NO NO91911477A patent/NO911477L/en unknown
- 1991-04-22 EP EP91106426A patent/EP0456024A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-04-29 FI FI912071A patent/FI912071A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-02 CA CA002041750A patent/CA2041750A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2950844A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-08 | Valeo Systemes Dessuyage | DEVICE FOR DELIVERING CLEANING LIQUID FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
| WO2011042319A1 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2011-04-14 | Valeo Systèmes d'Essuyage | Device for supplying a cleaning liquid for an automobile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI912071A0 (en) | 1991-04-29 |
| EP0456024A1 (en) | 1991-11-13 |
| FI912071A (en) | 1991-11-03 |
| DE9004980U1 (en) | 1990-07-05 |
| NO911477D0 (en) | 1991-04-16 |
| NO911477L (en) | 1991-11-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |