CA2039827A1 - Solvent cleaning of articles - Google Patents
Solvent cleaning of articlesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2039827A1 CA2039827A1 CA002039827A CA2039827A CA2039827A1 CA 2039827 A1 CA2039827 A1 CA 2039827A1 CA 002039827 A CA002039827 A CA 002039827A CA 2039827 A CA2039827 A CA 2039827A CA 2039827 A1 CA2039827 A1 CA 2039827A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning composition
- solvent cleaning
- solvent
- mixture
- chlorinated hydrocarbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group Cl\C=C\Cl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940029560 pentafluoropropane Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JXGAPNVPOVVXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoropropane Chemical compound CCC(F)(Cl)Cl JXGAPNVPOVVXPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical class CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CCCC(C)=C WWUVJRULCWHUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)=C MHNNAWXXUZQSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CCC=C(C)C JMMZCWZIJXAGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentane Chemical compound CCC(C)CC PFEOZHBOMNWTJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YVWGMAFXEJHFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N halopropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)CBr YVWGMAFXEJHFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950000188 halopropane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)Cl NBRKLOOSMBRFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEQGRRJLJLVQAQ-GQCTYLIASA-N (e)-3-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound CC\C(C)=C\C BEQGRRJLJLVQAQ-GQCTYLIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGAQJENWWYGFSN-PLNGDYQASA-N (z)-4-methylpent-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C/C(C)C LGAQJENWWYGFSN-PLNGDYQASA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJSRTBYADDKVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C.CCC(C)(C)C DJSRTBYADDKVHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGLDPPIMKSVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)C.CCC(C)C QVGLDPPIMKSVBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPVNTHOFQMYAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane Chemical compound CCCC(C)C.CCCC(C)C WPVNTHOFQMYAAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CCC(C)C=C LDTAOIUHUHHCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIODEWUMOZXBKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC.ClC=CCl Chemical group CC.ClC=CCl XIODEWUMOZXBKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NQOMODDWGPNZKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClC(C)(C)Cl.ClCC(C)C Chemical compound ClC(C)(C)Cl.ClCC(C)C NQOMODDWGPNZKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UPHRSURJSA-N cis-1,2-dichloroethene Chemical group Cl\C=C/Cl KFUSEUYYWQURPO-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D7/261—Alcohols; Phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
- C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/50—Solvents
- C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
- C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
- C11D7/5059—Mixtures containing (hydro)chlorocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02809—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine
- C23G5/02825—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing chlorine and fluorine containing hydrogen
- C23G5/02841—Propanes
- C23G5/02851—C2HCl2F5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/28—Organic compounds containing halogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
SOLVENT CLEANING OF ARTICLES
A solvent cleaning composition comprising a mixture preferably an azeotropic, or essentially azeotropic, mixture of dichlorofluoropropane and a chlorinated hydrogen having a boiling point in the range 30°C to 70°C and its use to clean articles.
SOLVENT CLEANING OF ARTICLES
A solvent cleaning composition comprising a mixture preferably an azeotropic, or essentially azeotropic, mixture of dichlorofluoropropane and a chlorinated hydrogen having a boiling point in the range 30°C to 70°C and its use to clean articles.
Description
2Q3~27 . QM 35689 SOLVENT CLEANING OF ARTICLES
This invention relates to solvent cleaning applications in which contaminated articles such as, for example, metals, textiles, glass, plastics, electronic components and printed circuit boards are cleaned using a solvent and/or solvent vapour and more particularly to solvent mixtures useful in solvent cleaning applications and their use.
Solvent cleaning applications wherein contaminated articles are immersed in or washed with halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and/or the vapours thereof are well known and are in common use. Applications involving several stages of immersion, rinsing and drying are common and it is well known to use the solvent at ambient temperature (often accompanied by ultrasonic agitation) or at an elevated temperature up to the boiling point of the solvent. Examples of solvents used in these cleaning processes are 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and methylene chloride. These solvents are used alone or in mixtures with cosolvents such as aliphatic alcohols or other low molecular weight, polar additives and depending to some extent upon the articles to be cleaned are often stabilised against degradation induced by light, heat and the presence of metals.
In the known solvent cleaning applications and especially in those applications where the solvent is used at an elevated temperature, there is a tendency for solvent vapour to be lost from the cleaning system into the atmosphere. Further losses may occur in loading and unloading the solvents into cleaning plant and in recovering used solvent by distillation. Whilst care is usually exercised to minimize losses of solvent into the ~3~
atmosphere, for instance by improved plant design and vapour recovery systems, the expense of totally preventing losses is exorbitant and most practical cleaning applications result in some loss of solvent vapour into the atmosphere.
Until recently, the use of the common cleaning solvents has been regarded as an acceptable practice in that the solvents are stable, non-flammable materials of relatively low toxicity believed to be environmentally benign. However recent evidence suggests that some at least of the common solvents may have a long-term deleterious effect on the stratosphere, the so-called ozone layer, so that replacement solvents are seen to be desirable.
According to the invention there is provided a solvent cleaning composition comprising a mixture of at least one isomer of dichloropentafluoroproPane and at least one liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon having a boiling point in the range of 30C to 70C.
The dichloropentafluoropropane may be a mixture of isomers but preferably contains at lea~t a ma~or proportion of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propane, which is known in the art as "225ca", 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane, which is known in the art as "225cb", is another useful isomer.
The chlorinated hydrocarbon preferably boils at a temperature in the range of 40C to 65C and preferably contains at least one hydrogen atom in the molecule.
Examples of suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons include saturated and ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic compounds which may be cyclic or acyclic. Whilst any chlorinated hydrocarbon of appropriate boiling point may be employed, we prefer compounds containing less than six carbon atoms, especially compounds containing two, three or four carbon atoms. The compound should contain 21~39~2~
at least one chlorine atom and preferably contains at least two chlorine atoms. Specific examples of suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons are dichloroethane and dichloroethylene, particularly l,l-dichloroethane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. The cleaning composition may contain more than one chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons for use in the solvent compositions include the following:-B.Pt. (C) 2-chloropropane 36 methylene chloride 40 - l-chloropropane 47 trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 47 2-chloro-2-methyl propane 51 (t-butyl chloride) l,l-dichloroethane 57 cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 60 chloroform 62 l-chloro-2-methyl propane 69 (l-chloroisobutane) 2,2-dichloropropane 70 We have found that dichloropentafluoropropane and especially l,l-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, forms azeotropic mixtures with at least some chlorinated hydrocarbons and whilst the ability to form an azeotropic mixture is not an essential feature of the invention, chlorinated hydrocarbons which form an azeotropic mixture are preferred. By way of example, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane forms binary azeotropes with l,l-dichloroethane and with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and l,l-dichloroethane form a binary azeotrope, or essentially azeotropic mixture, consisting of about 80.5% by weight of the halogenated propane and '7 about 19.5% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and having a boiling point of about 51.4 D C .
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane forms a binary azeotrope, or essentially azeotropic mixture, with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene consisting of about 52%
by weight of the halogenated propane, and about 48% by weight of the dichloroethylene and having a boiling point of about 45.4C. The azeotrope is a prefered cleaning composition according to the present invention.
Whilst an azeotropic mixture may be preferred since it maintains an essentially constant composition in use, we have found that some non-azeotropic mixtures, for example containing about 18% by weight of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propane,do in fact exhibit acceptable compositional stability in use and may be attractive in affording the possibility of contxolling the cleaning power of the solvent cleaning composition.
The amounts of dichloropentafluoropropane and chlorinated hydrocarbon in the mixture may vary within wide limits but the mixture should contain sufficient dichloropentafluoropropane to render the mixture non-flammable so that it does not have a flash point.
The mixture preferably contains at least 15% by weight of dichloropentafluoropropane. Useful mixtures comprise from 15% to 90X by weight of dichloropentafluoropropane. It is often preferred that the mixture contains from 20X to 80% by weight. However, we have found that at less than 20% w/w the dichloropentafluoropropane is an effective diluent for dichloroethane.
We have found two preferred mix~ures for replacing the commonly used solvents 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. One such mixture comprises about - ~3~27 50:50% by weight of the dichloropentafluoropropane and 1,1-dichloroethane; the second such mixture comprises about 18:82% by weight of dichlorofluoropropane~
dichloroethane.
In addition to dichloropentafluoropropane and the chlorinated hydrocarbon, the cleaning composition may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon and/or a polar compound, for example an aliphatic alcohol, preferably an alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
Methanol, ethanol and propanol (n-propanol or iso-propanol), are preferred, especially ethanol. The amount of the alcohol may be up to 50% by weight of the composition, although amounts below about 10% are preferred. A typical ternary or quaternary mixture contains from about 2X to about 7% by weight of alcohol.
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, at least some chlorinated hydrocarbons and some at least of the lower alkanols form azeotropes and such ternary 20 , azeotropes represent another preferred feature of the invention, particularly in boiling-solvent cleaning applications.
The azeotrope of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1-dichloroethane and methanol boils at 46.4C and consists of 76.3% by weight the halogenated propane, 17.7% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and 6X by weight of methanol. The ternary azeotrope containing ethanol boils at 51C and consists of 79X by weight of the dichloropentafluoropropane, 18X by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and 3% by weight of ethanol.
The azeotrope of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and methanol boils at 41.2C and consists of ~1.1% by weight of the halopropane, 52.7% by weight of the ~ 6 --dichloroethylene and 6.2% by weight of methanol. The ternary azeotrope containing ethanol boils at 44.4C and consists of 47.7% by weight of the halopropane, 49.4% by weight of the dichloroethylene and 2.9% by weight of ethanol.
1,1-dichloroethane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene form a ternary azeotrope with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane. This ternary azeotrope boils at 52.6-52.7C and contains 47.9% by weight of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene but only 0.2% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane.
As stated, the cleaning composition may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon, acyclic or cyclic saturated or ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons being examples of suitable components. Suitable hydrocarbons, which should be liquids at room temperature, include those having a boiling point in the range 30C to 75C, preferably 40C to 65C. A particularly suitable hydrocarbon for use with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,-dichloroethane or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is cyclopentane, b.p 50C, although the compounds may not form ternary azeotropes.
As examples of suitable hydrocarbons for incorporation in the solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention may be mentioned inter alia:
B.Pt (C) 2-methylbutane (isopentane) 30 2-methyl but-1-ene (amylene) 31 pentane 35-36 2-methyl but-2-ene 35-38 cyclopentane 50 2,2-dimethylbutane (neohexane) 50 4-methyl pent-1-ene 53-54 ~ ~ 3 ~
This invention relates to solvent cleaning applications in which contaminated articles such as, for example, metals, textiles, glass, plastics, electronic components and printed circuit boards are cleaned using a solvent and/or solvent vapour and more particularly to solvent mixtures useful in solvent cleaning applications and their use.
Solvent cleaning applications wherein contaminated articles are immersed in or washed with halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and/or the vapours thereof are well known and are in common use. Applications involving several stages of immersion, rinsing and drying are common and it is well known to use the solvent at ambient temperature (often accompanied by ultrasonic agitation) or at an elevated temperature up to the boiling point of the solvent. Examples of solvents used in these cleaning processes are 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and methylene chloride. These solvents are used alone or in mixtures with cosolvents such as aliphatic alcohols or other low molecular weight, polar additives and depending to some extent upon the articles to be cleaned are often stabilised against degradation induced by light, heat and the presence of metals.
In the known solvent cleaning applications and especially in those applications where the solvent is used at an elevated temperature, there is a tendency for solvent vapour to be lost from the cleaning system into the atmosphere. Further losses may occur in loading and unloading the solvents into cleaning plant and in recovering used solvent by distillation. Whilst care is usually exercised to minimize losses of solvent into the ~3~
atmosphere, for instance by improved plant design and vapour recovery systems, the expense of totally preventing losses is exorbitant and most practical cleaning applications result in some loss of solvent vapour into the atmosphere.
Until recently, the use of the common cleaning solvents has been regarded as an acceptable practice in that the solvents are stable, non-flammable materials of relatively low toxicity believed to be environmentally benign. However recent evidence suggests that some at least of the common solvents may have a long-term deleterious effect on the stratosphere, the so-called ozone layer, so that replacement solvents are seen to be desirable.
According to the invention there is provided a solvent cleaning composition comprising a mixture of at least one isomer of dichloropentafluoroproPane and at least one liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon having a boiling point in the range of 30C to 70C.
The dichloropentafluoropropane may be a mixture of isomers but preferably contains at lea~t a ma~or proportion of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propane, which is known in the art as "225ca", 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane, which is known in the art as "225cb", is another useful isomer.
The chlorinated hydrocarbon preferably boils at a temperature in the range of 40C to 65C and preferably contains at least one hydrogen atom in the molecule.
Examples of suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons include saturated and ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic compounds which may be cyclic or acyclic. Whilst any chlorinated hydrocarbon of appropriate boiling point may be employed, we prefer compounds containing less than six carbon atoms, especially compounds containing two, three or four carbon atoms. The compound should contain 21~39~2~
at least one chlorine atom and preferably contains at least two chlorine atoms. Specific examples of suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons are dichloroethane and dichloroethylene, particularly l,l-dichloroethane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. The cleaning composition may contain more than one chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Suitable chlorinated hydrocarbons for use in the solvent compositions include the following:-B.Pt. (C) 2-chloropropane 36 methylene chloride 40 - l-chloropropane 47 trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 47 2-chloro-2-methyl propane 51 (t-butyl chloride) l,l-dichloroethane 57 cis-1,2-dichloroethylene 60 chloroform 62 l-chloro-2-methyl propane 69 (l-chloroisobutane) 2,2-dichloropropane 70 We have found that dichloropentafluoropropane and especially l,l-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, forms azeotropic mixtures with at least some chlorinated hydrocarbons and whilst the ability to form an azeotropic mixture is not an essential feature of the invention, chlorinated hydrocarbons which form an azeotropic mixture are preferred. By way of example, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane forms binary azeotropes with l,l-dichloroethane and with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and l,l-dichloroethane form a binary azeotrope, or essentially azeotropic mixture, consisting of about 80.5% by weight of the halogenated propane and '7 about 19.5% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and having a boiling point of about 51.4 D C .
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane forms a binary azeotrope, or essentially azeotropic mixture, with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene consisting of about 52%
by weight of the halogenated propane, and about 48% by weight of the dichloroethylene and having a boiling point of about 45.4C. The azeotrope is a prefered cleaning composition according to the present invention.
Whilst an azeotropic mixture may be preferred since it maintains an essentially constant composition in use, we have found that some non-azeotropic mixtures, for example containing about 18% by weight of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propane,do in fact exhibit acceptable compositional stability in use and may be attractive in affording the possibility of contxolling the cleaning power of the solvent cleaning composition.
The amounts of dichloropentafluoropropane and chlorinated hydrocarbon in the mixture may vary within wide limits but the mixture should contain sufficient dichloropentafluoropropane to render the mixture non-flammable so that it does not have a flash point.
The mixture preferably contains at least 15% by weight of dichloropentafluoropropane. Useful mixtures comprise from 15% to 90X by weight of dichloropentafluoropropane. It is often preferred that the mixture contains from 20X to 80% by weight. However, we have found that at less than 20% w/w the dichloropentafluoropropane is an effective diluent for dichloroethane.
We have found two preferred mix~ures for replacing the commonly used solvents 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. One such mixture comprises about - ~3~27 50:50% by weight of the dichloropentafluoropropane and 1,1-dichloroethane; the second such mixture comprises about 18:82% by weight of dichlorofluoropropane~
dichloroethane.
In addition to dichloropentafluoropropane and the chlorinated hydrocarbon, the cleaning composition may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon and/or a polar compound, for example an aliphatic alcohol, preferably an alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
Methanol, ethanol and propanol (n-propanol or iso-propanol), are preferred, especially ethanol. The amount of the alcohol may be up to 50% by weight of the composition, although amounts below about 10% are preferred. A typical ternary or quaternary mixture contains from about 2X to about 7% by weight of alcohol.
1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, at least some chlorinated hydrocarbons and some at least of the lower alkanols form azeotropes and such ternary 20 , azeotropes represent another preferred feature of the invention, particularly in boiling-solvent cleaning applications.
The azeotrope of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1-dichloroethane and methanol boils at 46.4C and consists of 76.3% by weight the halogenated propane, 17.7% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and 6X by weight of methanol. The ternary azeotrope containing ethanol boils at 51C and consists of 79X by weight of the dichloropentafluoropropane, 18X by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane and 3% by weight of ethanol.
The azeotrope of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and methanol boils at 41.2C and consists of ~1.1% by weight of the halopropane, 52.7% by weight of the ~ 6 --dichloroethylene and 6.2% by weight of methanol. The ternary azeotrope containing ethanol boils at 44.4C and consists of 47.7% by weight of the halopropane, 49.4% by weight of the dichloroethylene and 2.9% by weight of ethanol.
1,1-dichloroethane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene form a ternary azeotrope with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane. This ternary azeotrope boils at 52.6-52.7C and contains 47.9% by weight of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene but only 0.2% by weight of 1,1-dichloroethane.
As stated, the cleaning composition may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon, acyclic or cyclic saturated or ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons being examples of suitable components. Suitable hydrocarbons, which should be liquids at room temperature, include those having a boiling point in the range 30C to 75C, preferably 40C to 65C. A particularly suitable hydrocarbon for use with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,-dichloroethane or trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is cyclopentane, b.p 50C, although the compounds may not form ternary azeotropes.
As examples of suitable hydrocarbons for incorporation in the solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention may be mentioned inter alia:
B.Pt (C) 2-methylbutane (isopentane) 30 2-methyl but-1-ene (amylene) 31 pentane 35-36 2-methyl but-2-ene 35-38 cyclopentane 50 2,2-dimethylbutane (neohexane) 50 4-methyl pent-1-ene 53-54 ~ ~ 3 ~
3-methyl pent-1-ene 54 cis-4-methyl pent-2-ene 57-58 2,3-dimethyl butane 58 2-methyl pentane (isohexane) 61 2-methyl pent-1-ene 62 3-methyl pentane 63 2-methyl-pent-2-ene 67 n-hexane 69 3-methyl pent-2-ene 69 methyl cyclopentane 72 The amount of the hydrocarbon in the solvent cleaning composition may vary within wide limits, for example from 20% to 80% by weight. However, hydrocarbons are generally readily flammable and the amount of the hydrocarbon should preferably be such that the composition remains non-flammable. In particular, the combined amount of hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbon (and alcohol if present) should preferably be below that at which the composition is flammable and exhibits a flash point. In addition to the requirement that the liquid composition be non-flammable, any vapours emitted during use of the composition should preferably also be non-flammable.
The compositions of the invention may contain one or more stabilisers as are often used in previous cleaning compositions, notably nitroalkanes and epoxides.
The cleaning compositions of the invention may be used as replacements for the solvents used in any of the known cleaning applications and a process is provided according the invention for cleaning articles which comprises contacting the article(s) with the cleaning composition and/or the vapour thereof. The compositions may be used in cold cleaning applications but will 2~ 2~
usually be employed at an elevated temperature up to their boiling points.
The invention is illustrated but in no way limited by the following Examples.
These Examples illustrate the use of azeotropic mixtures according to the present invention for the removal of flux from printed circuit boards.
The azeotropic mixtures described in Tabl~ 1 were used to remove ionic solder flux residues from circuit boards by the following procedure.
A known weight of solder cream was applied to test boards (5 cm x 7 cm) cut from a copper-coated FR4 board and reflowed in a Micro VPS unit. The solder cream was a 62% tin/38% lead solder available as Multicore PRAB 3.
The solvent was boiled in a beaker fitted with an upper cooling coil through which cold water was circulated to create a boiling liquid phase and a vapour , phase. The contaminated test board was dipped into the boiling liquid for 60 seconds and then held in the vapour for 30 seconds.
Residual ionic contamination of the test board, expressed as mg sodium chloride per square centimetre, was determined using a Protonique Contaminometer. The ionic contamination of an unwashed test board was determined and the % removal of ionic contamination by the cleaning procedure was calculated.
The reslllts are shown in Table 1.
2039~2 ~
g Table 1 Example Solvent Ionic No contaminants 225ca 1,1-dichloro- 1,2-trans- removed ethane dichloro-ethylene (%) (%) (%) (%) 1 ao . s 19.5 0 72.4 2 52 0 48 77.3 These Examples illustrate the use of ternary azetropic mixtures according to the present invention for the removal of flux from printed circuit boards.
The test procedure described in Examples 1-2 was repeated using the ternary azeotropes described in Table 2. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.
- 10 - ~J~13~2 ~
.
U ~ ~ ~ oo o ~ ~ 8 H ~
s ~e ~ ~
_ ~0~
s ~ ~e O O~ O
O
¦ h ~1 , . co o tJ~
E~ ~
b N ~ O O ~o h O ~ ~ ~ t`
Su ~ ~ u a~ ~ o rl ~U h~ ~IQ t` ~
~ ~`1 _ ~Z
This example illustrates the compatibility of solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention with plastics materials.
Samples of three plastics materials (A-C) were thoroughly dried by heating in an oven at 80C for 1 hour followed by standing in a dessicator for a minimum of 24 hours.
The samples were removed from the dessicator, weighed immediately and then immersed in the boiling-solvent for 30 minutes (+ 5 seconds) after which time they were removed and allowed to cool in air for 5 minutes and then weighed. The samples were then placed in a dessicator for 24 hours before being re-weighed.
The results are shown in Table 3.
The plastics materials tested were:-A - Polypropylene copolymer [LYM 123]
B - Nylon [Maranyl A125]
C - epoxy/glass fibre laminate [FR4]
The solvents used in the tests were:-I - An 80:20% by weight mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (DCPFP) and 1,1-dichloroethane (DCE).
II - A 60:40% by weight mixture of DCPFP and DCE.
III - A 20:80% by weight mixture of DCPFP and DCE.
IV - A 79:18:3% by weight mixture of DCPFP, DCE and ethanol.
V - A 48:49:3X by weight mixture of DCPFP, 1,1-dichloro-ethane and ethanol.
A comparative test was carried out using as solvent:-VI - 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane.
~3~8'~7 PLASTIC
X Weight Change after 30 mins immersion SOLVENT
5 min 24 hr 3 min 24 hr 5 min 24 hr I +1.10 +0.55 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0 II +1.98 +0.88 0 +0.01 +0.02 +0.02 III +3.54 +1.35 0 -0.01 +0.62 +0.37 IV +0.97 +0.49 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 V +4.05 +1.50 +0.07 +0.04 +0.85 +0.42 VI +1.31 +0.57 -0.02 -0.02 0 -0.01 Comparison EXAMPLES ?-8 These Examples illustrate the stability of solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention against degradation in the presence of aluminium, zinc and mild steel.
Nitrome~hane (0.3X by weight) was added to the azeotropic mixtures of dichloro-pentafluoropropane (80.5%) and 1,1-dichloroethane (19.5X) described in Table 4 and the solvent (50 ml) was charged to a reflux apparatus heated on an oil bath.
Weighed test pieces of aluminium, zinc and mild steel were located in the reflux apparatus, partly ~ ,~3.~2~
immersed in the boiling solvent. After approximately 3 days the metal test pieces and the solvent were removed for analysis. The metal pieces were washed with a small amount of deionised water (which was retained and used later to extract ionic species from the used solvent), rinsed with more water and brushed free of any deposits. They were then rinsed with acetone, dried and re-weighed.
The used solvent was extracted with the metal rinse water (see above) and the extract was analysed for chloride and fluoride ions.
The results were that no change in weight was detected in any of the metal test pieces and no change in halide ion content was detected in the solvent. There was no change in the GC trace for the solvent.
The mild steel test pieces were clean and bright and there was no visual evidence of a tidemark corresponding to the liquid/vapour interface. The aluminium test pieces and the zinc test pieces were also clean and bright although a very slight tidemark was observed on each test piece.
203~27 NO. DICHLORO- l,l-DICHLORO- ETHANOL
PENTAFLUORO- ETHANE
PROPANE
225ca 225cb .
(X) (%) % %_ 7 80.5 0 19.5 0 8 0 66.4 29.2 4.4
The compositions of the invention may contain one or more stabilisers as are often used in previous cleaning compositions, notably nitroalkanes and epoxides.
The cleaning compositions of the invention may be used as replacements for the solvents used in any of the known cleaning applications and a process is provided according the invention for cleaning articles which comprises contacting the article(s) with the cleaning composition and/or the vapour thereof. The compositions may be used in cold cleaning applications but will 2~ 2~
usually be employed at an elevated temperature up to their boiling points.
The invention is illustrated but in no way limited by the following Examples.
These Examples illustrate the use of azeotropic mixtures according to the present invention for the removal of flux from printed circuit boards.
The azeotropic mixtures described in Tabl~ 1 were used to remove ionic solder flux residues from circuit boards by the following procedure.
A known weight of solder cream was applied to test boards (5 cm x 7 cm) cut from a copper-coated FR4 board and reflowed in a Micro VPS unit. The solder cream was a 62% tin/38% lead solder available as Multicore PRAB 3.
The solvent was boiled in a beaker fitted with an upper cooling coil through which cold water was circulated to create a boiling liquid phase and a vapour , phase. The contaminated test board was dipped into the boiling liquid for 60 seconds and then held in the vapour for 30 seconds.
Residual ionic contamination of the test board, expressed as mg sodium chloride per square centimetre, was determined using a Protonique Contaminometer. The ionic contamination of an unwashed test board was determined and the % removal of ionic contamination by the cleaning procedure was calculated.
The reslllts are shown in Table 1.
2039~2 ~
g Table 1 Example Solvent Ionic No contaminants 225ca 1,1-dichloro- 1,2-trans- removed ethane dichloro-ethylene (%) (%) (%) (%) 1 ao . s 19.5 0 72.4 2 52 0 48 77.3 These Examples illustrate the use of ternary azetropic mixtures according to the present invention for the removal of flux from printed circuit boards.
The test procedure described in Examples 1-2 was repeated using the ternary azeotropes described in Table 2. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.
- 10 - ~J~13~2 ~
.
U ~ ~ ~ oo o ~ ~ 8 H ~
s ~e ~ ~
_ ~0~
s ~ ~e O O~ O
O
¦ h ~1 , . co o tJ~
E~ ~
b N ~ O O ~o h O ~ ~ ~ t`
Su ~ ~ u a~ ~ o rl ~U h~ ~IQ t` ~
~ ~`1 _ ~Z
This example illustrates the compatibility of solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention with plastics materials.
Samples of three plastics materials (A-C) were thoroughly dried by heating in an oven at 80C for 1 hour followed by standing in a dessicator for a minimum of 24 hours.
The samples were removed from the dessicator, weighed immediately and then immersed in the boiling-solvent for 30 minutes (+ 5 seconds) after which time they were removed and allowed to cool in air for 5 minutes and then weighed. The samples were then placed in a dessicator for 24 hours before being re-weighed.
The results are shown in Table 3.
The plastics materials tested were:-A - Polypropylene copolymer [LYM 123]
B - Nylon [Maranyl A125]
C - epoxy/glass fibre laminate [FR4]
The solvents used in the tests were:-I - An 80:20% by weight mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (DCPFP) and 1,1-dichloroethane (DCE).
II - A 60:40% by weight mixture of DCPFP and DCE.
III - A 20:80% by weight mixture of DCPFP and DCE.
IV - A 79:18:3% by weight mixture of DCPFP, DCE and ethanol.
V - A 48:49:3X by weight mixture of DCPFP, 1,1-dichloro-ethane and ethanol.
A comparative test was carried out using as solvent:-VI - 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane.
~3~8'~7 PLASTIC
X Weight Change after 30 mins immersion SOLVENT
5 min 24 hr 3 min 24 hr 5 min 24 hr I +1.10 +0.55 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0 II +1.98 +0.88 0 +0.01 +0.02 +0.02 III +3.54 +1.35 0 -0.01 +0.62 +0.37 IV +0.97 +0.49 +0.03 0 +0.03 0 V +4.05 +1.50 +0.07 +0.04 +0.85 +0.42 VI +1.31 +0.57 -0.02 -0.02 0 -0.01 Comparison EXAMPLES ?-8 These Examples illustrate the stability of solvent cleaning compositions according to the present invention against degradation in the presence of aluminium, zinc and mild steel.
Nitrome~hane (0.3X by weight) was added to the azeotropic mixtures of dichloro-pentafluoropropane (80.5%) and 1,1-dichloroethane (19.5X) described in Table 4 and the solvent (50 ml) was charged to a reflux apparatus heated on an oil bath.
Weighed test pieces of aluminium, zinc and mild steel were located in the reflux apparatus, partly ~ ,~3.~2~
immersed in the boiling solvent. After approximately 3 days the metal test pieces and the solvent were removed for analysis. The metal pieces were washed with a small amount of deionised water (which was retained and used later to extract ionic species from the used solvent), rinsed with more water and brushed free of any deposits. They were then rinsed with acetone, dried and re-weighed.
The used solvent was extracted with the metal rinse water (see above) and the extract was analysed for chloride and fluoride ions.
The results were that no change in weight was detected in any of the metal test pieces and no change in halide ion content was detected in the solvent. There was no change in the GC trace for the solvent.
The mild steel test pieces were clean and bright and there was no visual evidence of a tidemark corresponding to the liquid/vapour interface. The aluminium test pieces and the zinc test pieces were also clean and bright although a very slight tidemark was observed on each test piece.
203~27 NO. DICHLORO- l,l-DICHLORO- ETHANOL
PENTAFLUORO- ETHANE
PROPANE
225ca 225cb .
(X) (%) % %_ 7 80.5 0 19.5 0 8 0 66.4 29.2 4.4
Claims (15)
1. A solvent cleaning composition comprising a mixture of at least one isomer of dichloropentafluoropropane and at least one liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon having a boiling point in the range of 30°C to 70°C.
2. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein a major proportion of the dichloropenta-fluoropropane is l,l-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-propane.
3. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon boils at a temperature in the range of 40°C to 65°C.
4. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon contains less than 6 carbon atoms.
5. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon contains at least two chlorine atoms.
6. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon has at least one hydrogen atom in the molecule.
7. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the mixture comprises 15% to 90% w/w dichloropentafluoropropane.
8. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon forms an azeotropic, or essentially azeotropic, mixture with 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoropropane.
9. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 1 further comprising a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon or a polar compound or both.
10. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in claim 9 wherein the polar compound is an aliphatic alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
11. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the mixture forms a ternary azeotropic, or essentially azeotropic, mixture.
12. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 9 comprising 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and pentane.
13. A solvent cleaning composition as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the at least one chlorinated hydrocarbon comprises a mixture of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane.
14. A process for cleaning articles which comprises contacting the article(s) with the solvent composition as claimed in Claim 1, or the vapour thereof, or both.
15. A process for cleaning articles as claimed in Claim 14 carried out at elevated temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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GB909007579A GB9007579D0 (en) | 1990-04-04 | 1990-04-04 | Solvent cleaning of articles |
GB9007579.7 | 1990-04-04 |
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CA2039827A1 true CA2039827A1 (en) | 1991-10-05 |
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CA002039827A Abandoned CA2039827A1 (en) | 1990-04-04 | 1991-04-04 | Solvent cleaning of articles |
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JP (1) | JPH05148497A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910018533A (en) |
AU (1) | AU7391291A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2039827A1 (en) |
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IE66347B1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1995-12-27 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and a hydrocarbon containing sex carbon atoms |
IE902926A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-10 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane¹and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
EP0487222A1 (en) * | 1990-11-20 | 1992-05-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane and chloroform |
US5286422A (en) * | 1991-08-03 | 1994-02-15 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing three-dimensional fiber using a halogen group solvent |
DE4237094C2 (en) * | 1991-11-05 | 1997-04-10 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Polyolefin solution and its use |
US6395699B1 (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 2002-05-28 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Method of removing grease, oil or flux from an article |
FR2874383B1 (en) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-10-13 | Arkema Sa | COMPOSITION BASED ON 1,1,1,3,3 - PENTAFLUOROBUTANE, USEFUL IN DEPOT APPLICATION, CLEANING, DEGREASING AND DRYING |
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---|---|---|---|---|
AU615309B2 (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1991-09-26 | Asahi Glass Company Limited | Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and use thereof |
DE69024378T2 (en) * | 1989-02-01 | 1996-09-12 | Asahi Glass Co. Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition based on chlorofluorocarbons |
US4961869A (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1990-10-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ternary azeotropic compositions of 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane with trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and methanol |
IE902926A1 (en) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-10 | Allied Signal Inc | Azeotrope-like compositions of dichloropentafluoropropane¹and 1,2-dichloroethylene |
-
1990
- 1990-04-04 GB GB909007579A patent/GB9007579D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-03-27 EP EP19910302697 patent/EP0450854A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-03-27 IE IE102791A patent/IE911027A1/en unknown
- 1991-03-28 AU AU73912/91A patent/AU7391291A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-04 CA CA002039827A patent/CA2039827A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-04-04 KR KR1019910005447A patent/KR910018533A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-04-04 JP JP3098000A patent/JPH05148497A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE911027A1 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
AU7391291A (en) | 1991-10-10 |
EP0450854A3 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
EP0450854A2 (en) | 1991-10-09 |
GB9007579D0 (en) | 1990-05-30 |
KR910018533A (en) | 1991-11-30 |
JPH05148497A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
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