CA2038268A1 - Alkaline cleaner and method - Google Patents
Alkaline cleaner and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA2038268A1 CA2038268A1 CA 2038268 CA2038268A CA2038268A1 CA 2038268 A1 CA2038268 A1 CA 2038268A1 CA 2038268 CA2038268 CA 2038268 CA 2038268 A CA2038268 A CA 2038268A CA 2038268 A1 CA2038268 A1 CA 2038268A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- aluminum
- phosphonate
- composition
- cationic surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A cleaning and etching solution and method for aluminum surfaces is disclosed which is an alkaline formulation which includes a quaternary cationic surfactant. The preferred cleaner includes an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid, a first phosphonate, a second phosphonate and a quaternary cationic surfactant.
A cleaning and etching solution and method for aluminum surfaces is disclosed which is an alkaline formulation which includes a quaternary cationic surfactant. The preferred cleaner includes an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid, a first phosphonate, a second phosphonate and a quaternary cationic surfactant.
Description
2~3~2~8 ALKALINE CLEANER AND METHOD
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the cleaning and etching of aluminum. More particularly, the present invention relates to alkaline cleaning and etching formulations for aluminum contaminated by lubricants used in the milling of the aluminum stock. The alkaline cleaning and etching formulations for aluminum pertain to a combination in which a quaternary cationic surfactant and a chelating agent are employed.
:~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In industry, it is often necessary $o clean aluminum sur-faces for a variety of purposes. It is particularly necessary in the production of aluminum can lids for beverage containers.
During this proeessing of aluminum by milling, heat is generated.
Organic lubricants are used during the processiny to reduce friction and the amount of heat yenerated. Unfortunately the lubricants remain on the surface of the final aluminum sheet.
To finally prepare the aluminum for use as the lid of a beverage container, these oily lubricants must be removed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the cleaning and etching of aluminum. More particularly, the present invention relates to alkaline cleaning and etching formulations for aluminum contaminated by lubricants used in the milling of the aluminum stock. The alkaline cleaning and etching formulations for aluminum pertain to a combination in which a quaternary cationic surfactant and a chelating agent are employed.
:~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In industry, it is often necessary $o clean aluminum sur-faces for a variety of purposes. It is particularly necessary in the production of aluminum can lids for beverage containers.
During this proeessing of aluminum by milling, heat is generated.
Organic lubricants are used during the processiny to reduce friction and the amount of heat yenerated. Unfortunately the lubricants remain on the surface of the final aluminum sheet.
To finally prepare the aluminum for use as the lid of a beverage container, these oily lubricants must be removed.
3~2~
Alkaline and acid cleaners have found wide use in the cleaning of aluminum. Acid e~ching and cleaning wi~h, for example, hydrofluoric acid gives good results producing clean, mirror bright surfaces. However, the use of acids For cleaning presents safety and effluent disposal problems. Acidic solutions will also attack the cleaning equipment, that is, the tank, pumps and flow lines. This necessitates that this eguipment be made of sta;nless steel. For these reasons, alkaline cleaning and etching processes are favored in the aluminum processing industry.
With prior art cleaning solutions, the accumulation of oils in the bath presents a three fold problem. First, the presence of oils makes metal cleaning more difficult as the capacity of surfactants to emulsify oil from the metal becomes limited. Second, in alkaline baths, the oils may saponify and thereby contribute to foaming. Lastly, subsequent treatment of the effluent must separate out the emulsified oils prior to discharge. Higher treatment levels of surfactants are often used to remedy the problems of insufficienl; cleaning in the presence of oils. This increases the cost of treatment and may result in an increase in foam generation and difficulties in breaking the oil/water emulsion prior to the discharge of the effluent.
Virtually any material which is capable of removing oil contamination from an aluminum surface will possibly remove some aluminum. This circumstance, coupled with the economic necessity for recycling the cleaner bath, causes ever increasing amounts of aluminum in the bath. At some point, insoluble aluminum compounds ~3~2~8 will tend to drop out of the clean;ng solution in the form of sludge. Such sludge can cause cleaning problems if it redeposits as a film or smut on the aluminum that has just been cleaned.
We have discovered a low-temperakure alkaline cleaning ; 5 and etching composition for aluminum.
The inventive composition avoids the problems associated with pr;or processes. The inventive composition offers good cleaning of aluminum, low foaming, good waste treatability and yood shelf life.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The present invention provides a composition and method for cleaning and etching of aluminum. The present invention is effective at removing lubricant contamination from the surface of the aluminum. The present invention is effective at cleaning ; 15 light molecular weight lubricant oils that are usecl by industry to lubricate the machinery used to mill and draw aluminum without excessive foaming or waste treatment problems. The present inven-tion is effective at cleaning light molecular weight lubricant oils that are used by industry to lubricate the machinery used to mill aluminum without excess;ve foaming or waste treatment problems. The present invention comprises adding a quaternary cationic surfactant to a cleaner comprising an alk~al; metal hydroxide, gluconic acid and preferably alkali met,al phosphates.
``` 2~ 2~8 The cation;c surfactant effectively wets the aluminum surface being cleaned. The gluconic acid acts as a chelating agent. The alkali metal phosphates assist in the cleaning operation by acting as soil suspending agents.
The composition of the present invention may be in the form of an aqueous composition or a powder. An adsorbent compound is necessary for the powder form of the present invention. The composition and method are effective for aluminum contaminated by lubricant oils but are most effective for aluminum can end stock used for producing beverage container l~ds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
U.S. Patent No. 4,477,290, Carroll et al., discloses an alkaline cleaning and etching process for aluminum. The low temperature alkaline cleaning and etching solution for aluminum disclosed comprises alkaline metal hydroxides and a chelating agent at temperatures of from 80 to 130F.
U.S. Patent No. 4,521,332, Milora, discloses a highly alkaline aqueous cleaning dispersion for strip steel which comprises sodium hydroxide, a bulking agent such as sodium carbonate and a poly(acrylic acid) dispersing agent.
`` 2~3~2~
U.S. Patent No. 3,802,973, Smith, discloses a two-step alkali metal hydroxide cleaning process for aluminum. The first bath comprises an alkali metal hydroxide, a chelating agent such as sorbitol and an oxidizing compound. The second, subsequent bath comprises an alkali metal hydroxide and a chelating agent.
The use of alkaline cleaning agents is detailed in "Phosphating and Metal Pre-Treatment", Pages 44 and 45, D.B.
Freeman, Industrial Press Inc., 1986.
U.S~ Patent No. 4,395,365, Hasegawa et al., teaches of a cleaning composition for metal. This composition is weakly alkaline and is comprised of a fatty acid sucrose ester, a poly-oxyethylene alkyl ether, a chelating agent and propylene glycol.
U.S. Patent No. 4,540,444, Kelly, discloses a method of cleaning aluminum containers employing an alkaline cleaning bath.
The immersion takes place after cleaning in an acid bath. The alkaline composition comprises a mixture of ammonium compounds and surfactants.
U.S. Patent No. 4,599,116, King et al., discloses an alkaline cleaning process for aluminum containers. The alkaline composition comprises an alkaline providing agent, a complexing agent such as gluconic acid, and a surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophlle balance o~ at least about 12. An additional anti-foaming agent can also be added to the bath.
2~3~
DETAILED nESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a composition and method for use in cleaning and etching of aluminum surfaces. The cleaning solution of the present invention preferably includes an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid and 2 alkali metal phosphates. It was discovered thak the addition of a quaternary cationic surfactant provided for an improved cleaning solution.
The compos;t;on of the present ;nvent;on may be suppl;ed as a powder or as an aqueous solution. Typically, when supplied as ~n aqueous solution, the solution is a concentrate which is diluted in water to 1 to 6% by volume prior to use. When formulated in the powder form, sodium hydroxide is used to supply the alkalinity. Trisodium polyphosphate is used as one of the alkal; metal phosphates in lieu of tr;potass;um pyrophosphate.
Sod;um carbonate is used as an adsor~ent in the powder form.
A preferred aqueous concentration in accordance with the present invent;on comprises in weight percent.
Inqredien~ Concentration Water 50 to 60%
KOH (45%) 20 to 30%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%) 8 to 12%
Sod;um Tr;polyphosphate 3 to 8~
Glucon;c Acid (50%) 1 to 4%
Chemquat 508/40 1 to 5%
Chemquat 508/40 is available from Chemax, Inc.
~3~
Typically, this aqueous solution is diluted in water to a concentration of 1 to 6% by volume. Preferably it is diluted to 3% by volume prior to use.
Chelating agents are included in the solution to suppress the precipitation of aluminum which builds up in the bath during use. Suitable chelating agents are gluconic acid and as the inventors anticipate, the alkali salts thereof such as d-gluconol-actone and sodium gluconate.
The cleaning solutions are effective to clean the aluminum surfaces at temperatures from about 90~ to 160F. The cleaning is accompl;shed by spray;ng the alum;num surface to be treated. The present ;nvention is effective up to 1.5% light lubricant contamination. However, larger concentrations of lubr;cants can be treated by increas;ng the concentrat;on of the inventive composition.
EXPERIMENTAL
This invention will now be ~urther described with reference to a number of special examples which are to be regarded solely as illustrat;ve, and not as restricting the scope of the invention.
~3~
The preferred aqueous concentration in accordance with the present invention comprises in weight percent:
Inqredient Concentration Water 50 to 60%
KOH (45%) 20 to 30%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%3 8 to 12%
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 3 to 8%
Gluconic Acid (50%) 1 to ~%
Quaternary Cationic Surfactant 1 to 5%
:
Table I measures the amount of particulate and hydrocarbon contamination on an aluminum sample. A 5" x 7" aluminum sheet was placed in a photo tray and approximately 75 ml of a 1:1 mixture of CH3Cl:CH30H solvent was added to the tray.
The solvent was then poured into a 100 ml gr,aduated cylinder and the~sample was rinsed with 20 ml more of the solvent which in turn was added to the cylinder. Volume was adjusted to 100 ml.
The solvent was evaporated and the residue was redissolved ;n 10 ml of CCl4. IR spectra were recorded at 2930 cm~1 in a 0.1 mm KBr window liquid cell in an FTIR. A single point calibration at 500 ppm was performed on the appropr;ate lube oil in CCl4 solutions.
A reading of 1 ml of 0.1 ml lube in 20 ml CH3Cl:CH30H
solvent yielded an absorbance of 0.0049 a~ 2930 cm~]. This was used to generate the conversion factor, mg/ABS uni~.
~ ~ 3 ~
(5 ul) (ml/1000 u1)(0.79 q/ml)(1000 mgig) = 806 mg/ABS unit 0.0049 ABS units The cleansing solution used (Treatment A) comprised by weight/weight %:
Ing~gl~n~ Concentration Water 55.C%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%~l0.7%
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 4.8%
KOH (45%) 23.0%
Gluconic Acid (50%) 2.0%
Chemquat 508/401 3.0%
1 = Benzenemethanaminium, N, N-Dimethyl-N-octyl chloride available from Chemax, In Bath contamination was achievi~d by C.$% incremental lubri-cant addition. 250 ppm aluminum was introduced as sodium aluminate to simulate loading o~ the bath by aluminum. 5182 alloy aluminum was used in the testing. The results of particu1ate and hydrocarbon contamination are summarized in Table I.
., 2~2~
-ln-TABLE I
10 Second spray followed by 5 second cold tap water r;nse at 120~F.
SurFace Lube Hydroc~rbon Residual Carbon Residual 5Treatment (%)~mg/ft~) (%)(mgC/ft2 (%) -Uncleaned 3.4 - 2.48 A 0.0 0.40 12 0~38 15 - A 0.5 0.56 16 ~.33 13 A 1.0 < 0.08 2 0.32 13 Surface Carbon - (mg C/Ft2)/side = Absorbance at 500 nm x dilution factor Sample area (ft2) x 2 Hydrocarbon (mg C/Ft2)/side Q PPM Hvdrocarbons x volume (CCl4 ~m~)) Sample area (ft2) x 2 x 1000 % Residual = mq/Ft2 per side cleaned metal X 100 mg/Ft2 per side uncleaned metal As can be seen from Table 1, the pre~erred inventive : composition proved effective at cleaning aluminum of both hydrocarbon and particulate contamination.
Table II summarizes cleaning efficacy by estimating the percentage of water break free (% WBF) on the surface of the aluminum, foaming propensity by measuring the foam weight after 5 minutes bath 2~3~26~
circulation and waste treatability by measuring the clarity of the column of the waste effluent in a graduated cylinder. The volume is a minimum volume through which a mark on the bottom of a graduated cylinder could be viewed. The tests were run using a 3%
solution of the preferred inventive composition for lO seconds at 120F and rinsed in cold tap water for 5 seconds.
TABLE II
Treatment Lube Alum Foam WBF Waste (%) (ppm) (cm~ ~%) (ml) .
A 0.0 0 0.0 100 ---A 0.5 250 0.0 lO0 ---A 1.0 500 0.0 99 41 A 1.5 500 0.0 100 ---A 2.0 500 0.0 50 ---Table II shows that the preferred inventive composition proved effective at cleaning efficacy up to 1.5% lubricant contamination.
Table III summarizes cleaning efficacy by estimating the percentage of water break free (% WBF) on the surface of the aluminum, foaming propensity by measuring the foam height after 5 minutes bath circulation and turbidity, a measure of the clarity of the water bath, is measured after dilution and acidification to pH
of 2. 1.0% lubricant was the contaminant level for 3 second spray tests.
~ g~ 3 ~ 8 TABLE III
Temp. Conc. Foam WBFTurb1dity Treatment (F) (% v/v) (mm) (%)tFTU) A 140 2.5 l 100 46*
305L 145 2.2 1 100 OR
OR Turbidity over range : 305L is a commercially available alkaline cleaner ~ available ~rom Parker & Amchem as Parco 305L.
.
As Table III indicates, the preferred inventive composition is as effective as cleaners already available.
:, ; Tables IV, V and VI summarize cleaning efficacy by esti-mating the percentage of water break free (~ WBF) on the surface of the aluminum and foaming propensity by measuring the foam height after 5 minutes bath circulation. Smut was detected by wiping aluminum panel with a white cotton glove.~ All three tests used S second immersion with lubricant concentrations of 0.0%, 0.5~
and 1.0% respectively. In Table VI, turbidity was measured by a spectrophotometer at 450 nm after dilution and acidification to pH
:: of 2.
3~2~8 TABLE IV
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam (% v/v) (F) ~%) (mm) A 3.2 140 100 Slight 0 305L 2.2 145 100 None 0 TABLE V
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam (% v/Y) (F~ (%) (mm, A 3.2 140 100 Slight 305L 2.2 145 99 Light TABLE VI
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam Turbidity (% v/v) (F) (%) (mm) (FTU) -A 3.2 140 100 Slight 1 50 305L 2.2 145 99 Light 1 315 Table VII represents the results of us;ng the preferred inventive composit;on on aluminum alloy 5182-H38, 0.0112 - 8 inches in dimension. No brushing was required to provide a near smut-free surfa~e. The bath was kept at a pH of 12.6 and FAlk of 6.6. 2% lubri-cant was employed as the contaminant. Cleaning efficacy was determinedby estimating the % WBF on the surface of the aluminum. Smut was determined by wiping the aluminum panel with a white cotton glove.
2~3~
TABLE VII
Treatment Spray Time Temgerature WBF SMUT
(S) ~ F~ (%~
.
A 10 140 100 No Smut A 5 140 100 No Smut A 2.5 140 100 Very Slight Smut A 2.5 150 100 Very Slight Smut While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Alkaline and acid cleaners have found wide use in the cleaning of aluminum. Acid e~ching and cleaning wi~h, for example, hydrofluoric acid gives good results producing clean, mirror bright surfaces. However, the use of acids For cleaning presents safety and effluent disposal problems. Acidic solutions will also attack the cleaning equipment, that is, the tank, pumps and flow lines. This necessitates that this eguipment be made of sta;nless steel. For these reasons, alkaline cleaning and etching processes are favored in the aluminum processing industry.
With prior art cleaning solutions, the accumulation of oils in the bath presents a three fold problem. First, the presence of oils makes metal cleaning more difficult as the capacity of surfactants to emulsify oil from the metal becomes limited. Second, in alkaline baths, the oils may saponify and thereby contribute to foaming. Lastly, subsequent treatment of the effluent must separate out the emulsified oils prior to discharge. Higher treatment levels of surfactants are often used to remedy the problems of insufficienl; cleaning in the presence of oils. This increases the cost of treatment and may result in an increase in foam generation and difficulties in breaking the oil/water emulsion prior to the discharge of the effluent.
Virtually any material which is capable of removing oil contamination from an aluminum surface will possibly remove some aluminum. This circumstance, coupled with the economic necessity for recycling the cleaner bath, causes ever increasing amounts of aluminum in the bath. At some point, insoluble aluminum compounds ~3~2~8 will tend to drop out of the clean;ng solution in the form of sludge. Such sludge can cause cleaning problems if it redeposits as a film or smut on the aluminum that has just been cleaned.
We have discovered a low-temperakure alkaline cleaning ; 5 and etching composition for aluminum.
The inventive composition avoids the problems associated with pr;or processes. The inventive composition offers good cleaning of aluminum, low foaming, good waste treatability and yood shelf life.
SUMMARY OF T~E INVENTION
The present invention provides a composition and method for cleaning and etching of aluminum. The present invention is effective at removing lubricant contamination from the surface of the aluminum. The present invention is effective at cleaning ; 15 light molecular weight lubricant oils that are usecl by industry to lubricate the machinery used to mill and draw aluminum without excessive foaming or waste treatment problems. The present inven-tion is effective at cleaning light molecular weight lubricant oils that are used by industry to lubricate the machinery used to mill aluminum without excess;ve foaming or waste treatment problems. The present invention comprises adding a quaternary cationic surfactant to a cleaner comprising an alk~al; metal hydroxide, gluconic acid and preferably alkali met,al phosphates.
``` 2~ 2~8 The cation;c surfactant effectively wets the aluminum surface being cleaned. The gluconic acid acts as a chelating agent. The alkali metal phosphates assist in the cleaning operation by acting as soil suspending agents.
The composition of the present invention may be in the form of an aqueous composition or a powder. An adsorbent compound is necessary for the powder form of the present invention. The composition and method are effective for aluminum contaminated by lubricant oils but are most effective for aluminum can end stock used for producing beverage container l~ds.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
U.S. Patent No. 4,477,290, Carroll et al., discloses an alkaline cleaning and etching process for aluminum. The low temperature alkaline cleaning and etching solution for aluminum disclosed comprises alkaline metal hydroxides and a chelating agent at temperatures of from 80 to 130F.
U.S. Patent No. 4,521,332, Milora, discloses a highly alkaline aqueous cleaning dispersion for strip steel which comprises sodium hydroxide, a bulking agent such as sodium carbonate and a poly(acrylic acid) dispersing agent.
`` 2~3~2~
U.S. Patent No. 3,802,973, Smith, discloses a two-step alkali metal hydroxide cleaning process for aluminum. The first bath comprises an alkali metal hydroxide, a chelating agent such as sorbitol and an oxidizing compound. The second, subsequent bath comprises an alkali metal hydroxide and a chelating agent.
The use of alkaline cleaning agents is detailed in "Phosphating and Metal Pre-Treatment", Pages 44 and 45, D.B.
Freeman, Industrial Press Inc., 1986.
U.S~ Patent No. 4,395,365, Hasegawa et al., teaches of a cleaning composition for metal. This composition is weakly alkaline and is comprised of a fatty acid sucrose ester, a poly-oxyethylene alkyl ether, a chelating agent and propylene glycol.
U.S. Patent No. 4,540,444, Kelly, discloses a method of cleaning aluminum containers employing an alkaline cleaning bath.
The immersion takes place after cleaning in an acid bath. The alkaline composition comprises a mixture of ammonium compounds and surfactants.
U.S. Patent No. 4,599,116, King et al., discloses an alkaline cleaning process for aluminum containers. The alkaline composition comprises an alkaline providing agent, a complexing agent such as gluconic acid, and a surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophlle balance o~ at least about 12. An additional anti-foaming agent can also be added to the bath.
2~3~
DETAILED nESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a composition and method for use in cleaning and etching of aluminum surfaces. The cleaning solution of the present invention preferably includes an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid and 2 alkali metal phosphates. It was discovered thak the addition of a quaternary cationic surfactant provided for an improved cleaning solution.
The compos;t;on of the present ;nvent;on may be suppl;ed as a powder or as an aqueous solution. Typically, when supplied as ~n aqueous solution, the solution is a concentrate which is diluted in water to 1 to 6% by volume prior to use. When formulated in the powder form, sodium hydroxide is used to supply the alkalinity. Trisodium polyphosphate is used as one of the alkal; metal phosphates in lieu of tr;potass;um pyrophosphate.
Sod;um carbonate is used as an adsor~ent in the powder form.
A preferred aqueous concentration in accordance with the present invent;on comprises in weight percent.
Inqredien~ Concentration Water 50 to 60%
KOH (45%) 20 to 30%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%) 8 to 12%
Sod;um Tr;polyphosphate 3 to 8~
Glucon;c Acid (50%) 1 to 4%
Chemquat 508/40 1 to 5%
Chemquat 508/40 is available from Chemax, Inc.
~3~
Typically, this aqueous solution is diluted in water to a concentration of 1 to 6% by volume. Preferably it is diluted to 3% by volume prior to use.
Chelating agents are included in the solution to suppress the precipitation of aluminum which builds up in the bath during use. Suitable chelating agents are gluconic acid and as the inventors anticipate, the alkali salts thereof such as d-gluconol-actone and sodium gluconate.
The cleaning solutions are effective to clean the aluminum surfaces at temperatures from about 90~ to 160F. The cleaning is accompl;shed by spray;ng the alum;num surface to be treated. The present ;nvention is effective up to 1.5% light lubricant contamination. However, larger concentrations of lubr;cants can be treated by increas;ng the concentrat;on of the inventive composition.
EXPERIMENTAL
This invention will now be ~urther described with reference to a number of special examples which are to be regarded solely as illustrat;ve, and not as restricting the scope of the invention.
~3~
The preferred aqueous concentration in accordance with the present invention comprises in weight percent:
Inqredient Concentration Water 50 to 60%
KOH (45%) 20 to 30%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%3 8 to 12%
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 3 to 8%
Gluconic Acid (50%) 1 to ~%
Quaternary Cationic Surfactant 1 to 5%
:
Table I measures the amount of particulate and hydrocarbon contamination on an aluminum sample. A 5" x 7" aluminum sheet was placed in a photo tray and approximately 75 ml of a 1:1 mixture of CH3Cl:CH30H solvent was added to the tray.
The solvent was then poured into a 100 ml gr,aduated cylinder and the~sample was rinsed with 20 ml more of the solvent which in turn was added to the cylinder. Volume was adjusted to 100 ml.
The solvent was evaporated and the residue was redissolved ;n 10 ml of CCl4. IR spectra were recorded at 2930 cm~1 in a 0.1 mm KBr window liquid cell in an FTIR. A single point calibration at 500 ppm was performed on the appropr;ate lube oil in CCl4 solutions.
A reading of 1 ml of 0.1 ml lube in 20 ml CH3Cl:CH30H
solvent yielded an absorbance of 0.0049 a~ 2930 cm~]. This was used to generate the conversion factor, mg/ABS uni~.
~ ~ 3 ~
(5 ul) (ml/1000 u1)(0.79 q/ml)(1000 mgig) = 806 mg/ABS unit 0.0049 ABS units The cleansing solution used (Treatment A) comprised by weight/weight %:
Ing~gl~n~ Concentration Water 55.C%
Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (60%~l0.7%
Sodium Tripolyphosphate 4.8%
KOH (45%) 23.0%
Gluconic Acid (50%) 2.0%
Chemquat 508/401 3.0%
1 = Benzenemethanaminium, N, N-Dimethyl-N-octyl chloride available from Chemax, In Bath contamination was achievi~d by C.$% incremental lubri-cant addition. 250 ppm aluminum was introduced as sodium aluminate to simulate loading o~ the bath by aluminum. 5182 alloy aluminum was used in the testing. The results of particu1ate and hydrocarbon contamination are summarized in Table I.
., 2~2~
-ln-TABLE I
10 Second spray followed by 5 second cold tap water r;nse at 120~F.
SurFace Lube Hydroc~rbon Residual Carbon Residual 5Treatment (%)~mg/ft~) (%)(mgC/ft2 (%) -Uncleaned 3.4 - 2.48 A 0.0 0.40 12 0~38 15 - A 0.5 0.56 16 ~.33 13 A 1.0 < 0.08 2 0.32 13 Surface Carbon - (mg C/Ft2)/side = Absorbance at 500 nm x dilution factor Sample area (ft2) x 2 Hydrocarbon (mg C/Ft2)/side Q PPM Hvdrocarbons x volume (CCl4 ~m~)) Sample area (ft2) x 2 x 1000 % Residual = mq/Ft2 per side cleaned metal X 100 mg/Ft2 per side uncleaned metal As can be seen from Table 1, the pre~erred inventive : composition proved effective at cleaning aluminum of both hydrocarbon and particulate contamination.
Table II summarizes cleaning efficacy by estimating the percentage of water break free (% WBF) on the surface of the aluminum, foaming propensity by measuring the foam weight after 5 minutes bath 2~3~26~
circulation and waste treatability by measuring the clarity of the column of the waste effluent in a graduated cylinder. The volume is a minimum volume through which a mark on the bottom of a graduated cylinder could be viewed. The tests were run using a 3%
solution of the preferred inventive composition for lO seconds at 120F and rinsed in cold tap water for 5 seconds.
TABLE II
Treatment Lube Alum Foam WBF Waste (%) (ppm) (cm~ ~%) (ml) .
A 0.0 0 0.0 100 ---A 0.5 250 0.0 lO0 ---A 1.0 500 0.0 99 41 A 1.5 500 0.0 100 ---A 2.0 500 0.0 50 ---Table II shows that the preferred inventive composition proved effective at cleaning efficacy up to 1.5% lubricant contamination.
Table III summarizes cleaning efficacy by estimating the percentage of water break free (% WBF) on the surface of the aluminum, foaming propensity by measuring the foam height after 5 minutes bath circulation and turbidity, a measure of the clarity of the water bath, is measured after dilution and acidification to pH
of 2. 1.0% lubricant was the contaminant level for 3 second spray tests.
~ g~ 3 ~ 8 TABLE III
Temp. Conc. Foam WBFTurb1dity Treatment (F) (% v/v) (mm) (%)tFTU) A 140 2.5 l 100 46*
305L 145 2.2 1 100 OR
OR Turbidity over range : 305L is a commercially available alkaline cleaner ~ available ~rom Parker & Amchem as Parco 305L.
.
As Table III indicates, the preferred inventive composition is as effective as cleaners already available.
:, ; Tables IV, V and VI summarize cleaning efficacy by esti-mating the percentage of water break free (~ WBF) on the surface of the aluminum and foaming propensity by measuring the foam height after 5 minutes bath circulation. Smut was detected by wiping aluminum panel with a white cotton glove.~ All three tests used S second immersion with lubricant concentrations of 0.0%, 0.5~
and 1.0% respectively. In Table VI, turbidity was measured by a spectrophotometer at 450 nm after dilution and acidification to pH
:: of 2.
3~2~8 TABLE IV
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam (% v/v) (F) ~%) (mm) A 3.2 140 100 Slight 0 305L 2.2 145 100 None 0 TABLE V
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam (% v/Y) (F~ (%) (mm, A 3.2 140 100 Slight 305L 2.2 145 99 Light TABLE VI
Treatment Conc. Temp. WBF Smut Foam Turbidity (% v/v) (F) (%) (mm) (FTU) -A 3.2 140 100 Slight 1 50 305L 2.2 145 99 Light 1 315 Table VII represents the results of us;ng the preferred inventive composit;on on aluminum alloy 5182-H38, 0.0112 - 8 inches in dimension. No brushing was required to provide a near smut-free surfa~e. The bath was kept at a pH of 12.6 and FAlk of 6.6. 2% lubri-cant was employed as the contaminant. Cleaning efficacy was determinedby estimating the % WBF on the surface of the aluminum. Smut was determined by wiping the aluminum panel with a white cotton glove.
2~3~
TABLE VII
Treatment Spray Time Temgerature WBF SMUT
(S) ~ F~ (%~
.
A 10 140 100 No Smut A 5 140 100 No Smut A 2.5 140 100 Very Slight Smut A 2.5 150 100 Very Slight Smut While this invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms and modifications of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
1. A cleaning solution for cleaning and etching an aluminum surface with an alkali treatment including an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid, a first phosphonate, and a second phosphonate the improvement comprising including in said cleaning solution a quaternary cationic surfactant.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of said quaternary cationic surfactant in the cleaning solution ranges from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said quaternary cationic surfactant is benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-octyl chloride.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein said first phosphonate is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said second phosphonate is sodium tripolyphosphate.
8. The composition of claim 6 wherein said first phosphonate is trisodium polyphosphate.
9. A method of cleaning and etching an aluminum surface with an alkaline cleaning solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide, gluconic acid, a first phosphonate and a second phosphonate the improvement comprising including in said cleaning solution a quaternary cationic surfactant.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the concentration of said quaternary cationic surfactant in the cleaning solution ranges from about 1 to about 5 weight percent.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein said quaternary cationic surfactant is benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-octyl chloride.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein said alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.
13. The method of claim 9 wherein said alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.
14. The method of claim 9 wherein said first phosphonate is tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.
15. The method of claim 9 wherein said second phosphonate is sodium tripolyphosphate.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein said first phosphonate is trisodium polyphosphate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US65416191A | 1991-02-12 | 1991-02-12 | |
| US07/654,161 | 1991-02-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2038268A1 true CA2038268A1 (en) | 1992-08-13 |
Family
ID=24623690
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2038268 Abandoned CA2038268A1 (en) | 1991-02-12 | 1991-03-14 | Alkaline cleaner and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2038268A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003034531A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Evercel, Inc. | Electrolyte for alkaline rechargeable batteries |
| WO2018006276A1 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | 深圳市恒兆智科技有限公司 | Long-lasting alkaline etchant, and aluminum material and alkaline etching pre-treatment method thereof |
-
1991
- 1991-03-14 CA CA 2038268 patent/CA2038268A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003034531A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Evercel, Inc. | Electrolyte for alkaline rechargeable batteries |
| WO2018006276A1 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | 深圳市恒兆智科技有限公司 | Long-lasting alkaline etchant, and aluminum material and alkaline etching pre-treatment method thereof |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |