CA2027342A1 - Bending of a flat composite panel - Google Patents
Bending of a flat composite panelInfo
- Publication number
- CA2027342A1 CA2027342A1 CA 2027342 CA2027342A CA2027342A1 CA 2027342 A1 CA2027342 A1 CA 2027342A1 CA 2027342 CA2027342 CA 2027342 CA 2027342 A CA2027342 A CA 2027342A CA 2027342 A1 CA2027342 A1 CA 2027342A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composite panel
- notches
- process according
- depth
- covering layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
- E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/02—Bending or folding
- B29C53/04—Bending or folding of plates or sheets
- B29C53/06—Forming folding lines by pressing or scoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
- B29C2793/0081—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0053—Moulding articles characterised by the shape of the surface, e.g. ribs, high polish
- B29C37/0057—Moulding single grooves or ribs, e.g. tear lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2009/00—Layered products
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract A flat composite panel (10) having an elasto-plastically deformable core (12) and at least one covering layer (14, 16) of a plastically or thermoplastically deformable material, arranged on one side, is bent in a simple, cost saving way. At least one covering layer (14, 16) and the underlying core material of the composite panel (10) are notched stepwise in a straight line on the bending inner side, notches (22) of two opposite covering layers (14, 16) being offset in the longitudinal direction.
As apparatus, a framework having an embossing roll or a press with an exchangeable pressing tool (18) in the form of a bar or sheet is used.
The bent composite panels have a wide range of applications, in particular in architecture or in vehicle construction.
As apparatus, a framework having an embossing roll or a press with an exchangeable pressing tool (18) in the form of a bar or sheet is used.
The bent composite panels have a wide range of applications, in particular in architecture or in vehicle construction.
Description
2n273~2 _e ding o~ a flat composite panel The invention relates to a process for the bending of a flat composite panel having an elastoplastically deformable core and at least one covering layer of a plastically or thermoplastically deformable material, arranged on one side. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the process.
Nowadays complex bonding processes with expensive male and female moulds are used for the production of bent or domed composite panels having a foam core of plastic. In spite of the high production costs, the shaping is restricted quantitatively and qualitatively:
- Since special gauges have to be produced for each shape, the variety of shapes is very restricted.
- For the usual bending of composite panels, in the case of a small bending radius at least one wedge-shaped groove is made on the inside, which groove is closed again during bending. According to this process, the inner covering layer can no longer fulfil its vapour barrier function.
~ he present invention is based on the object of providing a process and an apparatus of the type mentioned at the beginning which, with low tool costs and short time expenditure, allow flat composite panels to be subsequently defor~.ed with virtually any desired radii without significantly reducing the composite rigidity or impairing the vapour impermeability.
With respect to the process, the object is achieved according to the invention by at least one covering layer and the underlying core material of the composite panelbeing notchedstepwise inastraightline on the bending inner side, notches of two opposite covering layers being offset in the longitudinal direction.
By geometrically defined notching of one or both covering layers, accordinq to the invention the length of a covering metal sheet of the composite panel is reduced over the entire region or a certain region. In the case ~2~3~2 of the plastic deformation, it is ensured that no shear overstressing of the core/covering layer composite occurs. The sho~tening of a covering layer, at least over a certain region, has the effect that the composite panel is bent or domed or curved correspondingly, the notched covering layer forming the concavely domed inner side.
The notches expediently extend in each case over the entire width of a covering layer, where the width is not to be considered in purely geometrical terms, and notches can also extend over the entire length of a composite panel.
Composite panels of a type known per se having an elasto-plastically deformable core of a thermoplastic or thermoset plastic must, in spite of their elasto-plastic deformability, also meet the requirements for mechanical rigidity after bending. Examples suitable for this purpose are foams of polvvinyl chloride, Styropor, polystyrene, polyurethane or polymethacrylate.
Depending on the intended purpose, the core may be of a closed-pore or open-pore design, and contain fire-retardant additives, for example aluminium trihydroxide, and/or mechanically reinforcing fibres, for example glass fibres or carbon fibres, in a concentration known to a person skilled in the art.
The thickness of the foam core is preferably in the range of 20 - 30 mm. Much thicker cores oppose the bending force produced in the process according to the invention with a high resistance or give only small panel curvatures with large radii, which could result in shear overstressing of the core/covering layer composite Core layers much less than 20 mm thick are scarcely able to lend t:he composite a usually required minimal rigidity.
The covering layer/layers preferably consists/
consist of a plastically readily deformable metal and/or a thermoplastic. The thickness of the covering layer/layers is preferably in the range of 0.1 - 1.5 mm, depending on material and/or use. Metallic covering layers consist in particular of aluminium, an aluminium 2027~2 alloy, stainless steel or copper, thermoplastic covering layers consist of a rigid plastic, such as for example polyethylene or polypropylene.
The bonding is performed by means of an adhesive or adhesive films introduced during the production process.
The notches are preferably produced with a depth of at most 40%, in particular 5 - ~0%, of the thickness of the composite panel, they are usually in the range of about 1 - 10 mm. The possible notch depth is primarily dependent on the elasto-plastic deformability of the core of plastic foam, if need be with the additives mentioned.
By variation of the spacing of the notches, their depth, their mutual angle and/or their cross-sectional shape, virtually any bending of the composite panel, in one direction or the other, can be achieved. With respect to the bending radius, the lower limit is set by the rigidity or elasto-plasticity of the core material.
The elasto-plastic deformability of the core and covering layer/layers can be utilised to an extent which until now has not been considered possible.
Depending on the regular or irreqular application of one or more parameters, geometrically regular or irregular bending surfaces are obtained. The composite rigidity is not significantly impaired, the vapour impermeability of the plastically deformed covering layer is fully retained.
Regarding the apparatus for carrying out the process, the object is achieved according to the invention by the apparatus comprising a framework with a machine-driven embossing roll or a press with an exchangeable pressing tool in the fol~ of a bar or sheet, which can be actuated manually or by machine, under program control.
The variable press power is generated pneumatically, hydraulically or electromechanically in a known way.
The exchangeable pressing tool has in the direction of the composite panel a straight cog, rounded 20~7'~
off at the bottom, which produces the notches. Each of the various pressing tools has underneath a characteristic bending radius forming the cog.
Preferably, pressing tools having relatively small bending radii, which are approximately in the range of 1 - 2 mm, are used.
According to particular embodiments of the invention, the embossing roll is heatable or the pressing tool is designed as an electrode bar. This is advantageous in particular in the case of working a covering layer of a thermoplastic~
An embossing roll is adjustable at least with respect to the height and the inclination of the axis.
An automated press can be set with respect to at least one of the following parameters:
- Press force, which is adapted to the material and the thickness of the covering layer, the bending radius of the pressing tool cog and the length of the notch to be produced.
- Advancement of the composite panel, which determines the spacing of the notches.
- ~Iorizontal- angle of the pressing toolr which determines the angle of the notch with respect to the longitudinal direction of the composite panel.
- Vertical angle of the pressing tool, which determines whether the notch produced is of uniform or varyingly depth.
- Stroke of the pressing tool, which determines the depth of the notch.
An example of a press which is suitable for producing notches is an edging press.
The bent or domed composite panels produced by the process according to the invention have a wide range of applications, in particular in architecture or in vehicle construction. In building construction, cold façades or decorative façades of a great variety of forms can be produced, interior fittings can be distinctively styled or furniture can be produced. In the area of underground construction, a major application is in ~7~
tunnel construction, where an aesthetically appealing inner lining which meets all safety requirements can be produced. In vehicle construction, major applications are in the area of roof design, vehicle shells and containers.
The invention i5 explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments represented in the drawing, which are also the subject of dependent claims.
In the diagrammatic representation of the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a partial section through a flat composite panel, Fig. 2 shows the composite panel according to Fig. 1 when the first notch is made, Fig. 3 shows the composite panel according to Fig. 1 when a subsequent notch is made, Fig. 4 shows a partial section through the bent composite panel, Fig. 5 shows a partial section through a composite panel during notching, and Figs. 6 to 9 show a view of composite panels with variously arranged notches.
The composite panel 10 of a customary type represented in Fig. 1 has a core 12 of a thermoplastic rigid foam and approximately 0.9 mm thick covering layers 14, 16 of a ductile aluminium alloy arran~ed on both sides. The composite panel 10 is completely flat on both sides.
Fig. 2 shows the force F exerted by a press (not shown), which force thrusts the pressing tool 18, extending over the entire width of the composite panel 10, against the upper covering layer 14. ~ support 20, arranged underneath the pressing tool, prevents a deflection of the composite panel 10.
The automatically adjustable stroke of the press is limited such that the pressing tool 18 is only pressed a little way into the composite panel.
The notching of the composite panel 10 is repeated after each advancement.
In Fig. 3, the production of the fourth notch is 2~2~J~s~
rep;resented. In reality, however, the pressing tool la and the support 20 would still be in the same place as in Fig. 2, whereas the composite panel 10 would be advanced automatically by three increments. The notches 22 have a spacing a, corresponding to one increment advancement.
The notches 22 have the effect that the composite panel 10 is already bent off upwards in their region.
Since the notches only have a small depth and their spacings a are comparatively large, the composite panel 10 has a very large bending radius. The unnotched part of the composite panel 10 is still completely flat on both sides.
In Fig. 4, the finished, slightly bent composite panel 10 is represented. The curving radius is, as already mentioned, very large and suitable, for exa~nple, for tunnel arches.
Fig. 4 also reveals that both covering layers 14, 16 remain completely intact and therefore the composite panel 10 is vapour-impermeable on both sides.
According to a variant, the bent composite panel 10 could be produced with an embossing roll, in which case the embossing cogs would have a spacing a and would essentially correspond to a pressing tool 18.
In Fig. 5, the notching by means of a pressing tool 18, drawn greatly enlarged, is represented in detail. The bending radius r of the cog 24 of the pressing tool 18 has a rounded-off radius r of approximately 1 mm. The notch 22 in the covering layer 14 therefore has the effect, macroscopically considered, of a line, ~hile the humps 26 remaining undeformed are comparatively flat. These relationships can be altered by exchanging the pressing tool 18 for one of a different rounded-off radius r of the cog 24.
Tha depth t of the notch 22 is comparatively small, it is essentially restricted by the elasto-plastic properties of the core 12.
The composite panel 10 represented in Fig. 6 has notches 22, represented by dashed lines, at regular spacings a. These notches have been impressed by the 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 same pressing tool to the same depth. The parallel running notches extend over the entire width of the composite panel 10. From Fig. 6 there re~lts a composite panel 10, curved with regular bending radius, such as is represented in principle in Fig. 4.
According to a variant of Fig. 6 which is not illustrated, the notches 22 are made deeper in the central region. In this case, a greater bendiny of the composite panel 10 results in the central region mentioned than on the outside.
According to Fig. 7, the notches 22 have a smaller spacing a in the central region than in the outer region. This results in a composite panel 10 which is bent more in the central region than on the outside.
This difference with respect to the bending can be made more pronounced by the notches 22 in the central region being made deeper.
If the notches 22 according to Fig. 7 are made alternatingly on the upper covering layer and the lower covering layer, an undulatingly bent composite panel 10 is produced. The notches 22 on the upper covering layer and the lower covering layer of the composite panel 10 must not overlap, i.e. they must be offset in the longitudinal direction, because otherwise the effects would cancel each other out and the risk of a shear overstressing is greatly increased.
The composite panel 10 represented in Fig. 8 shows notches 22 made in groups at a regular spacing a.
The notches 22 drawn in in dashed lines are made in the upper covering layer, the notches 22 drawn in in dot~ed lines are made on the lower covering layer. There are no notch lines 22 between the groups. This arrangement of the notching results in a composite panel 10 bent essentially in the shape of a Z and having a regular rounded-off radius.
An essentially U-shaped design (not shown) of the composite panel could be achieved if both groups of notches 22 were arranged on the upper covering layer or on the lower covering layer.
2~7~
Fig. 9 shows a composite panel 10 having notches 22 running at a constant anqle ~. This arrangement produces a composite panel 10 bent in the shape of a truncated cone. The depth of the notches may be uniform or increasing in the direction of the converging notches.
The arrangement of the notches 22 which is represented by way of example in Figs. 6 - 9 has the effect that, by a combination of the parameters of spacing, angle, depth and cross-sectional shape of notches, a great variance of bending shapes can be achieved, without needing a gauge for each.
Nowadays complex bonding processes with expensive male and female moulds are used for the production of bent or domed composite panels having a foam core of plastic. In spite of the high production costs, the shaping is restricted quantitatively and qualitatively:
- Since special gauges have to be produced for each shape, the variety of shapes is very restricted.
- For the usual bending of composite panels, in the case of a small bending radius at least one wedge-shaped groove is made on the inside, which groove is closed again during bending. According to this process, the inner covering layer can no longer fulfil its vapour barrier function.
~ he present invention is based on the object of providing a process and an apparatus of the type mentioned at the beginning which, with low tool costs and short time expenditure, allow flat composite panels to be subsequently defor~.ed with virtually any desired radii without significantly reducing the composite rigidity or impairing the vapour impermeability.
With respect to the process, the object is achieved according to the invention by at least one covering layer and the underlying core material of the composite panelbeing notchedstepwise inastraightline on the bending inner side, notches of two opposite covering layers being offset in the longitudinal direction.
By geometrically defined notching of one or both covering layers, accordinq to the invention the length of a covering metal sheet of the composite panel is reduced over the entire region or a certain region. In the case ~2~3~2 of the plastic deformation, it is ensured that no shear overstressing of the core/covering layer composite occurs. The sho~tening of a covering layer, at least over a certain region, has the effect that the composite panel is bent or domed or curved correspondingly, the notched covering layer forming the concavely domed inner side.
The notches expediently extend in each case over the entire width of a covering layer, where the width is not to be considered in purely geometrical terms, and notches can also extend over the entire length of a composite panel.
Composite panels of a type known per se having an elasto-plastically deformable core of a thermoplastic or thermoset plastic must, in spite of their elasto-plastic deformability, also meet the requirements for mechanical rigidity after bending. Examples suitable for this purpose are foams of polvvinyl chloride, Styropor, polystyrene, polyurethane or polymethacrylate.
Depending on the intended purpose, the core may be of a closed-pore or open-pore design, and contain fire-retardant additives, for example aluminium trihydroxide, and/or mechanically reinforcing fibres, for example glass fibres or carbon fibres, in a concentration known to a person skilled in the art.
The thickness of the foam core is preferably in the range of 20 - 30 mm. Much thicker cores oppose the bending force produced in the process according to the invention with a high resistance or give only small panel curvatures with large radii, which could result in shear overstressing of the core/covering layer composite Core layers much less than 20 mm thick are scarcely able to lend t:he composite a usually required minimal rigidity.
The covering layer/layers preferably consists/
consist of a plastically readily deformable metal and/or a thermoplastic. The thickness of the covering layer/layers is preferably in the range of 0.1 - 1.5 mm, depending on material and/or use. Metallic covering layers consist in particular of aluminium, an aluminium 2027~2 alloy, stainless steel or copper, thermoplastic covering layers consist of a rigid plastic, such as for example polyethylene or polypropylene.
The bonding is performed by means of an adhesive or adhesive films introduced during the production process.
The notches are preferably produced with a depth of at most 40%, in particular 5 - ~0%, of the thickness of the composite panel, they are usually in the range of about 1 - 10 mm. The possible notch depth is primarily dependent on the elasto-plastic deformability of the core of plastic foam, if need be with the additives mentioned.
By variation of the spacing of the notches, their depth, their mutual angle and/or their cross-sectional shape, virtually any bending of the composite panel, in one direction or the other, can be achieved. With respect to the bending radius, the lower limit is set by the rigidity or elasto-plasticity of the core material.
The elasto-plastic deformability of the core and covering layer/layers can be utilised to an extent which until now has not been considered possible.
Depending on the regular or irreqular application of one or more parameters, geometrically regular or irregular bending surfaces are obtained. The composite rigidity is not significantly impaired, the vapour impermeability of the plastically deformed covering layer is fully retained.
Regarding the apparatus for carrying out the process, the object is achieved according to the invention by the apparatus comprising a framework with a machine-driven embossing roll or a press with an exchangeable pressing tool in the fol~ of a bar or sheet, which can be actuated manually or by machine, under program control.
The variable press power is generated pneumatically, hydraulically or electromechanically in a known way.
The exchangeable pressing tool has in the direction of the composite panel a straight cog, rounded 20~7'~
off at the bottom, which produces the notches. Each of the various pressing tools has underneath a characteristic bending radius forming the cog.
Preferably, pressing tools having relatively small bending radii, which are approximately in the range of 1 - 2 mm, are used.
According to particular embodiments of the invention, the embossing roll is heatable or the pressing tool is designed as an electrode bar. This is advantageous in particular in the case of working a covering layer of a thermoplastic~
An embossing roll is adjustable at least with respect to the height and the inclination of the axis.
An automated press can be set with respect to at least one of the following parameters:
- Press force, which is adapted to the material and the thickness of the covering layer, the bending radius of the pressing tool cog and the length of the notch to be produced.
- Advancement of the composite panel, which determines the spacing of the notches.
- ~Iorizontal- angle of the pressing toolr which determines the angle of the notch with respect to the longitudinal direction of the composite panel.
- Vertical angle of the pressing tool, which determines whether the notch produced is of uniform or varyingly depth.
- Stroke of the pressing tool, which determines the depth of the notch.
An example of a press which is suitable for producing notches is an edging press.
The bent or domed composite panels produced by the process according to the invention have a wide range of applications, in particular in architecture or in vehicle construction. In building construction, cold façades or decorative façades of a great variety of forms can be produced, interior fittings can be distinctively styled or furniture can be produced. In the area of underground construction, a major application is in ~7~
tunnel construction, where an aesthetically appealing inner lining which meets all safety requirements can be produced. In vehicle construction, major applications are in the area of roof design, vehicle shells and containers.
The invention i5 explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments represented in the drawing, which are also the subject of dependent claims.
In the diagrammatic representation of the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a partial section through a flat composite panel, Fig. 2 shows the composite panel according to Fig. 1 when the first notch is made, Fig. 3 shows the composite panel according to Fig. 1 when a subsequent notch is made, Fig. 4 shows a partial section through the bent composite panel, Fig. 5 shows a partial section through a composite panel during notching, and Figs. 6 to 9 show a view of composite panels with variously arranged notches.
The composite panel 10 of a customary type represented in Fig. 1 has a core 12 of a thermoplastic rigid foam and approximately 0.9 mm thick covering layers 14, 16 of a ductile aluminium alloy arran~ed on both sides. The composite panel 10 is completely flat on both sides.
Fig. 2 shows the force F exerted by a press (not shown), which force thrusts the pressing tool 18, extending over the entire width of the composite panel 10, against the upper covering layer 14. ~ support 20, arranged underneath the pressing tool, prevents a deflection of the composite panel 10.
The automatically adjustable stroke of the press is limited such that the pressing tool 18 is only pressed a little way into the composite panel.
The notching of the composite panel 10 is repeated after each advancement.
In Fig. 3, the production of the fourth notch is 2~2~J~s~
rep;resented. In reality, however, the pressing tool la and the support 20 would still be in the same place as in Fig. 2, whereas the composite panel 10 would be advanced automatically by three increments. The notches 22 have a spacing a, corresponding to one increment advancement.
The notches 22 have the effect that the composite panel 10 is already bent off upwards in their region.
Since the notches only have a small depth and their spacings a are comparatively large, the composite panel 10 has a very large bending radius. The unnotched part of the composite panel 10 is still completely flat on both sides.
In Fig. 4, the finished, slightly bent composite panel 10 is represented. The curving radius is, as already mentioned, very large and suitable, for exa~nple, for tunnel arches.
Fig. 4 also reveals that both covering layers 14, 16 remain completely intact and therefore the composite panel 10 is vapour-impermeable on both sides.
According to a variant, the bent composite panel 10 could be produced with an embossing roll, in which case the embossing cogs would have a spacing a and would essentially correspond to a pressing tool 18.
In Fig. 5, the notching by means of a pressing tool 18, drawn greatly enlarged, is represented in detail. The bending radius r of the cog 24 of the pressing tool 18 has a rounded-off radius r of approximately 1 mm. The notch 22 in the covering layer 14 therefore has the effect, macroscopically considered, of a line, ~hile the humps 26 remaining undeformed are comparatively flat. These relationships can be altered by exchanging the pressing tool 18 for one of a different rounded-off radius r of the cog 24.
Tha depth t of the notch 22 is comparatively small, it is essentially restricted by the elasto-plastic properties of the core 12.
The composite panel 10 represented in Fig. 6 has notches 22, represented by dashed lines, at regular spacings a. These notches have been impressed by the 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 same pressing tool to the same depth. The parallel running notches extend over the entire width of the composite panel 10. From Fig. 6 there re~lts a composite panel 10, curved with regular bending radius, such as is represented in principle in Fig. 4.
According to a variant of Fig. 6 which is not illustrated, the notches 22 are made deeper in the central region. In this case, a greater bendiny of the composite panel 10 results in the central region mentioned than on the outside.
According to Fig. 7, the notches 22 have a smaller spacing a in the central region than in the outer region. This results in a composite panel 10 which is bent more in the central region than on the outside.
This difference with respect to the bending can be made more pronounced by the notches 22 in the central region being made deeper.
If the notches 22 according to Fig. 7 are made alternatingly on the upper covering layer and the lower covering layer, an undulatingly bent composite panel 10 is produced. The notches 22 on the upper covering layer and the lower covering layer of the composite panel 10 must not overlap, i.e. they must be offset in the longitudinal direction, because otherwise the effects would cancel each other out and the risk of a shear overstressing is greatly increased.
The composite panel 10 represented in Fig. 8 shows notches 22 made in groups at a regular spacing a.
The notches 22 drawn in in dashed lines are made in the upper covering layer, the notches 22 drawn in in dot~ed lines are made on the lower covering layer. There are no notch lines 22 between the groups. This arrangement of the notching results in a composite panel 10 bent essentially in the shape of a Z and having a regular rounded-off radius.
An essentially U-shaped design (not shown) of the composite panel could be achieved if both groups of notches 22 were arranged on the upper covering layer or on the lower covering layer.
2~7~
Fig. 9 shows a composite panel 10 having notches 22 running at a constant anqle ~. This arrangement produces a composite panel 10 bent in the shape of a truncated cone. The depth of the notches may be uniform or increasing in the direction of the converging notches.
The arrangement of the notches 22 which is represented by way of example in Figs. 6 - 9 has the effect that, by a combination of the parameters of spacing, angle, depth and cross-sectional shape of notches, a great variance of bending shapes can be achieved, without needing a gauge for each.
Claims (27)
1. Process for the bending of a flat composite panel (10) having an elasto-plastically deformable core (12) and at least one covering layer (14, 16) of a plastically or thermoplastically deformable material, arranged on one side, characterized in that at least one covering layer (14, 16) and the underlying core material of the composite panel (10) are notched stepwise in a straight line on the bending inner side, notches (22) of two opposite covering layers (14, 16) being offset in the longitudinal direction.
2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the notches (22) are produced with a depth (t) of at most 40%, preferably 5 - 20%, of the thickness of the composite panel (10) and extend over the entire width.
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the production of a composite panel (10), bent with regular radius, parallel notches (22) are produced in regular spacing (a), depth (t) and cross-sectional shape.
4. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the production of an increasingly bent composite panel (10) parallel notches (22) are produced at decreasing spacing (a), for the production of a decreasingly bent composite panel (10) parallel notches (22) are produced at increasing spacing (a), the depth (t) and the cross-sectional shape of the notches (22) in each case remaining constant.
5. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the production of an increasingly bent composite panel (10) parallel notches (22) are produced with increasing depth (t) and uniform or decreasing spacing (a), for the production of a decreasingly bent composite panel (10) parallel notches (22) are produced with decreasing depth (t) and uniform or increasing spacing (a), the cross-sectional shape of the notches (22) remaining constant.
6. Process according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that for the production of an undulating shape of a composite panel (10), with covering layers (14, 16) arranged on both sides, the notches (22) are produced alternatingly offset on both covering layers (14, 16).
7. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the production of a composite panel (10), bent in the form of a truncated cone, notches (22) running at a constant, acute angle (.beta.) are produced with the same depth (t) and cross-sectional shape.
8. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to one of Claims 1 - 7, characterized in that it comprises a framework having a machine-driven embossing roll or a press with an exchangeable pressing tool (18) in the form of a bar or sheet, which can be actuated manually or by machine, under program control.
9. Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that the embossing roll is heatable or the pressing tool (18) is designed as an electrode bar.
10. Apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that an automated press can be set with respect to at least one parameter of the group comprising press force, advancement of the composite panel (10), horizontal angle (.beta.) and vertical angle of the pressing tool with respect to the composite panel (10) and stroke of the pressing tool (18).
11. Process for the production of a flat composite panel suitable for bending having a deformable core and at least one covering layer of a deformable material arranged on one side of the deformable core, which comprises notching said at least one covering layer and the underlying core material of the composite panel stepwise in a straight line on the bending inner side.
12. Process according to claim 11 wherein composite panel includes a second covering layer on the side of the core opposed to the first covering layer, and including the step of notching the second covering layer wherein the notches in the second covering layer are offset from the notches of the first covering layer in the longitudinal direction.
13. Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing the notches with a depth (t) of at most 40% of the thickness of the composite panel and extending over the entire width thereof.
14. Process according to claim 13 including the step of producing the notches with a depth (t) of from 5 to 20% of the thickness of the composite panel.
15. Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing parallel notches in a regular spacing (a), depth (t) and cross-sectional shape for the production of a composite panel suitable for bending with a regular radius.
16 Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing parallel notches at a decreasing spacing (a) and with a constant depth (t) and constant cross-sectional shape for the production of an increasingly bent composite panel.
17. Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing parallel notches at an increasing spacing (a) and with a constant depth (t) and constant cross-sectional shape for the production of a decreasingly bent composite panel.
18. Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing parallel notches with increasing depth (t), spacing selected from the group consisting of uniform and decreasing spacing (a), and a constant cross-sectional shape for the production of an increasingly bent composite panel.
19. Process according to claim 11 including the step of producing parallel notches with decreasing depth (t), spacing selected from the group consisting of uniform and increasing spacing (a), and a constant cross-sectional shape for the production of a decreasingly bent composite panel.
20. Process according to claim 12 including the step of producing alternatingly offset notches on both covering layers.
21. Process according to claim 11 for the production of a composite panel bent in the form of a truncated cone, including the step of producing notches running at a constant, acute angle ( B ) with the same depth (t) and cross-sectional shape.
22. Apparatus for the productive of a flat composite panel suitable for bending having a deformable core and at least one covering layer of a deformable material arranged on one side of the deformable core, which comprises an embossing means operative to notch said at least one covering layer and the underlying core material of the composite panel stepwise in a straight line on the bending inner side.
23. Apparatus according to claim 22 wherein said embossing means includes a pressing tool.
24. Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said embossing means includes a support on the side of the composite panel opposed to the pressing tool to prevent deflection of the composite panel.
25. Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said pressing tool is operative to press only part way into the composite panel.
26. Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein the pressing tool extends over the entire width of the panel.
27. Apparatus according to claim 23 wherein the pressing tool includes a straight cog rounded off at the bottom to form a bending radius in the range of 1-2 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH374889A CH678411A5 (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1989-10-13 | |
| CH3748/89 | 1989-10-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2027342A1 true CA2027342A1 (en) | 1991-04-14 |
Family
ID=4262641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2027342 Abandoned CA2027342A1 (en) | 1989-10-13 | 1990-10-11 | Bending of a flat composite panel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0423073B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2027342A1 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH678411A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59008705D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20200154714A1 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-21 | Canine Professional Services, Inc. | Anti microbial panels |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL1002541C2 (en) * | 1996-03-06 | 1997-09-09 | Unfolding V O F | Method for roughing metal / plastic sandwich material for the production thereof of three-dimensional objects. |
| ATE302684T1 (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 2005-09-15 | Alcan Tech & Man Ag | COMPOSITE BOARD |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2049304A1 (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1972-04-13 | Westag & Getalit AG, 4832 Wiedenbrück | Large-area carrier plate, arched in one direction, coated with plastic on at least one side, and process for its production |
| FR2370562A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-06-09 | Bedouin Michel | Bending method for thin wood sheet - uses roller tool to make depression transverse to grain against flat support below |
-
1989
- 1989-10-13 CH CH374889A patent/CH678411A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-10-05 EP EP19900810765 patent/EP0423073B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-10-05 DE DE59008705T patent/DE59008705D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-11 CA CA 2027342 patent/CA2027342A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20200154714A1 (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-21 | Canine Professional Services, Inc. | Anti microbial panels |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0423073B1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| CH678411A5 (en) | 1991-09-13 |
| DE59008705D1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| EP0423073A1 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |