CA2024693C - Articulated ski boot allowing physiological ankle movements - Google Patents
Articulated ski boot allowing physiological ankle movements Download PDFInfo
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- CA2024693C CA2024693C CA002024693A CA2024693A CA2024693C CA 2024693 C CA2024693 C CA 2024693C CA 002024693 A CA002024693 A CA 002024693A CA 2024693 A CA2024693 A CA 2024693A CA 2024693 C CA2024693 C CA 2024693C
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- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 22
- 210000000544 articulatio talocruralis Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000000459 calcaneus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000474 heel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 43
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003141 lower extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001872 metatarsal bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003108 foot joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000629 knee joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000803 paradoxical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
- A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
- A43B5/0427—Ski or like boots characterised by type or construction details
- A43B5/0468—Adjustment of the angle of the boot to the ski
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
Abstract
The application describes a ski boot comprising an articulating device mounted between the leg which also supports the astragalus and the swell to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and of the leg accommodating, at least in part, the eversion and inversion movements permitted by the sub-astragalus ankle joint.
Description
~o~-~o~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the general technical sphere of equipment intended for mountain skiing or its derivatives and relates more particularly to the specialised technical sphere of ski boots.
The modern design of ski boots is based on two general principles which are to protect the ankle and to control the skis well. A simple means of achieving this is to lock the ankle in the boot as this considerably diminishes the trauma to this joint and allows the leg to be connected to the ski, the ski thus being controlled merely by the knee and hip joints.
Most mountain ski boots are consequently designed solely to match the anatomical contours of the foot and ankle, but they have the disadvantage of preventing their physiological movements in three spatial planes, that is the frontal plane, the horizontal plane and the sagittal plane. The locking of the ankle movements has the disadvantages of reducing the ability to adapt the foot to the ground by means of the ankle and of reducing greatly, if not completely, the possibility of releasing the lower limb when the foot is locked to the ground. This neglect of the physiology of the ankle joint leads, particularly in the event of a fall, to a significant increase in the mechanical stresses in the region of the knee and, in particular, in the region of the ligamentary system.
The frequency and the gravity of ligamentary lesions of the knee are consequently greatly increased with this type of boot.
In an attempt to improve comfort and performance, ski boots affording, at least in part, the possibility of movement of the ankle joint have already been proposed.
These ski boots comprise a plantar shell including a vamp and ~0~~~~~
The present invention relates to the general technical sphere of equipment intended for mountain skiing or its derivatives and relates more particularly to the specialised technical sphere of ski boots.
The modern design of ski boots is based on two general principles which are to protect the ankle and to control the skis well. A simple means of achieving this is to lock the ankle in the boot as this considerably diminishes the trauma to this joint and allows the leg to be connected to the ski, the ski thus being controlled merely by the knee and hip joints.
Most mountain ski boots are consequently designed solely to match the anatomical contours of the foot and ankle, but they have the disadvantage of preventing their physiological movements in three spatial planes, that is the frontal plane, the horizontal plane and the sagittal plane. The locking of the ankle movements has the disadvantages of reducing the ability to adapt the foot to the ground by means of the ankle and of reducing greatly, if not completely, the possibility of releasing the lower limb when the foot is locked to the ground. This neglect of the physiology of the ankle joint leads, particularly in the event of a fall, to a significant increase in the mechanical stresses in the region of the knee and, in particular, in the region of the ligamentary system.
The frequency and the gravity of ligamentary lesions of the knee are consequently greatly increased with this type of boot.
In an attempt to improve comfort and performance, ski boots affording, at least in part, the possibility of movement of the ankle joint have already been proposed.
These ski boots comprise a plantar shell including a vamp and ~0~~~~~
a leg articulated to the plantar shell above the tibiotarsal joint round an axis substantially parallel to the plane of extension of the sole. This type of design obviously has the advantage of allowing a certain degree of flexion of the ankle round the tibiotarsal joint axis and therefore in the sagittal plane, but this type of design still keeps the ankle joint in a totally locked state in the frontal or horizontal plane. In some designs such as those disclosed in the patents DE-U-8 702 913 or DE-A-3 303 520, for example, the leg is mounted so that it can be adapted to the anatomy of each skier by sliding along a substantially vertical axis.
However, such a mounting does not allow movement of the ankle in a horizontal plane and this does not allow angular or even partial angular deflection comparable to the natural movements of the natural ankle joint.
Although the concept of the ski boot with a leg articulated round the tibiotarsal axis allows a certain degree of flexion of the ankle while remaining within the scope of conventional methods of ski control, it does not prevent the aggravation of lesions in the region of the ligamentary apparatus of the knee and does not allow the complete physiological potential of the ankle joint to be utilised.
The patent FR-A-2 536 966 is also known, the object of which is to reconstitute the natural angle of inclination of the skier's leg by proposing a ski boot of which the rigid leg is movable in a vertical plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the foot. The mobility of the leg is achieved by mounting the rigid leg on a semicircular stirrup sliding in a guide arranged inside the shell of the boot.
This type of boot does not allow the physiological movements of the ankle joint as it only allows the lateral inclination of the skier's leg relative to his foot.
~~24~~~
However, such a mounting does not allow movement of the ankle in a horizontal plane and this does not allow angular or even partial angular deflection comparable to the natural movements of the natural ankle joint.
Although the concept of the ski boot with a leg articulated round the tibiotarsal axis allows a certain degree of flexion of the ankle while remaining within the scope of conventional methods of ski control, it does not prevent the aggravation of lesions in the region of the ligamentary apparatus of the knee and does not allow the complete physiological potential of the ankle joint to be utilised.
The patent FR-A-2 536 966 is also known, the object of which is to reconstitute the natural angle of inclination of the skier's leg by proposing a ski boot of which the rigid leg is movable in a vertical plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the foot. The mobility of the leg is achieved by mounting the rigid leg on a semicircular stirrup sliding in a guide arranged inside the shell of the boot.
This type of boot does not allow the physiological movements of the ankle joint as it only allows the lateral inclination of the skier's leg relative to his foot.
~~24~~~
This boot prevents physiological movements of the ankle since any movement in the frontal plane of the ankle is accompanied by a movement in the horizontal plane and, to a lesser extent, in the sagittal plane.
The ski boot described in the patent US-A-4 199 879 is also known, which, for safety reasons, attempts to give the ankle joint a certain amount of freedom in the three spatial planes. To this end it is proposed that a rigid casing comparable to a simple cylindrical body intended to contain the bottom of the skier's leg above the malleoli be associated with a plantar shell containing the calcaneum-pedal block. The rigid casing is connected to the shell by means of an articulating device consisting of two helical springs each extending on the exterior and at the side of the boot.
Such an arrangement allows relative angular deflection of the shell and of the leg in the three spatial planes but does not provide a sealed assembly between the two parts since a flexible external casing has to be provided.
Furthermore, the use of a spring assembly leads to mere dynamic damping of the movements of the ankle joint and not to passive control of the movements of the joint in its natural physiological limits. In addition, the use of lateral external springs has a double drawback linked to high muscular stress of the joint in geometric locations outside the natural ankle joint. It will finally be noted that the external position of the springs is such that they represent a potential source of catching and of a fall for the skier.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of prior art ski boots to produce a ski boot which matches, at least in part, the physiology of ~~~4~~~
the ankle joint without affecting its protection and control of the ski while reducing the risks of ligamentary lesions to the knee.
A further object of the invention is to produce a ski boot allowing simultaneous movements of the foot in the horizontal and frontal planes.
A secondary object of the invention is to produce a ski boot allowing improved reproduction of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane.
The object of the invention is achieved by means of a ski boot comprising, on the one hand, a plantar shell equipped with a sole and a vamp region intended to rest directly or indirectly on a support such as a ski, for example, and adapted to contain at least the plantar base of the foot and the calcaneum-pedal block and, on the other hand, a rigid leg adaptable to said shell and adapted to wrap and support the tibiotarsal ankle joint, the shell and the leg being mounted with freedom for relative movement, wherein an articulating device is mounted between the leg which also supports the astragalus and the shell to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and the leg accommodating, at least in part, the eversion and inversion movements permitted by the sub-astragalus joint of the foot.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, as non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic external side view of the ankle and foot joint in a ski boot according to the invention.
~fl~~~~~
Figure 2 shows the ankle joint according to a plan view taken from Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a first embodiment along a longitudinal section of a ski boot according to the invention.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a boot according to the invention taken in a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3.
Figure 5 shows a detail of the articulating device according to the invention taken along the section V-V in Figure 3.
Figure 6 shows a detail of the articulating device according to the invention taken along the section VI-VI in Figure 3.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate variations of the articulating device according to the invention.
Figure 9 is a view of a ski boot according to the invention taken as a rear view of the boot.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a further variation showing a particular assembly of the two parts of the boot.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows schematically the distribution of the bones constituting the sub-astragalus joint of a human being's ankle inside a ski boot of which the external casing 1 as well as the sole 2 have been shown in broken lines. The general view portrayed can be considered as illustrating the position of the ankle and of the back of the right foot of a ~~246~~
skier, viewed laterally from the exterior in a plane extending in the direction of the principal longitudinal axis of the boot and substantially perpendicularly to the plane of support and extension of the 'ooot embodied by the plane P
considered as the plane for bearing and extension of the sole 2 of the boot.
The sub-astragalus joint of the ankle consists of the calcaneum 3, the astragalus 4, the system composed of the cuboid 5, the scaphoid 6, the cuneiforms 7, then the metatarsals and, finally, the phalanges, not shown in Figure 1, forming the calcaneum-pedal block.
The movements of the sub-astragalus joint in space can be considered as being the result of the relative positions in space of all the positions of the calcaneum-pedal block consisting of the calcaneum 3, the cuboid 4, the scaphoid 6 and cuneiforms 7 and the metatarsals 8 relative to the astragalus 4. More specifically, these movements are conventionally defined in anatomy by a movement of inversion and by a movement of eversion of the ankle.
The term inversion of the ankle denotes a movement which associates a combination, partial or otherwise, of all the following movements in the three spatial planes, that is:
- in the horizontal plane coincident according to Figure 1 with the plane P, a so-called internal rotation because it is directed toward the internal face of the opposite foot, this internal rotation having a maximum range of rotation of 30° relative to a normal upright position of the foot in which the longitudinal axis of the foot is substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry of the human being, - in a frontal plane corresponding to a plane F
perpendicular to the plane P, a so-called internal roll over a range of about 25° defined relative to the extreme bottom position and extreme top position of the range of the internal roll, - in the sagittal plane, not illustrated and embodied by the plane of the section of Figure 1, a so-called plantar flexion over a range of about 10° in the direction of the arrow fl and defined relative to a normal upright position of a human being situated on a horizontal plane.
The ranges referred to above correspond to mean values, each range being capable of varying by more or less 5 to 10°
depending upon the age of the individual and his individual anatomical characteristics.
Similarly, the term eversion of the ankle denotes a movement associating in the three spatial planes in a general direction moving away from the vertical plane of symmetry of the individual:
- a maximum external rotation of 30° in the horizontal plane, - an external roll of about 20o in the frontal plane F, - a so-called dorsal flexion in the direction of the arrow f2 and over a range of about 10° in the sagittal plane.
Investigations into the movements of the above-defined sub-astragalus joint of the foot and ankle have demonstrated that all these inversion and eversion movements in the three spatial planes had instantaneous axes of displacement or else of movement of which the displacement was limited and circumscribed to a geometric envelope comparable to a cone generated by revolution 11, hereinafter called a sub-astragalus cone.
The vertex S of the cone 11 can be considered as being located at a distance d behind the calcaneum and at a height H1 substantially equivalent to one-third of the height H
representing the height of the extreme rear edge of the calcaneum 3. The vertex S is preferably also located at the centre of the geometric projection of the calcaneum 3 on the frontal plane F.
The inclination of cone 11 to the plane P can be defined by means of the two bundles of lined-up ligaments 12 and 13, the intersection of which should be located on the central axis 14 of the cone 11. In practice, the angle oc formed by the intersection of the central axis 14 of the cone 11 with the plane _P has a value of between 20 and 50° and preferably between 30 and 45°. The cone 11 is again defined by its opening angle $ of which the mean value varies between 15 and 30° depending on the age of the individuals and their particular anatomical features.
Figure 2 shows a plan view of a right foot inside a boot 1. In Figure 2, the axis x-x' represents the longitudinal axis of the boot 1. When projected in a horizontal plane, the axis x-x' and t'ne central axis 14 of the cone 11 form an angle Y of between 10 and 30°, the cone 11 consequently being directed toward the interior of the foot.
All these geometric and angular definitions therefore allow the arrangement and orientation of the sub-astragalus cone 11 representing the envelope inside which the instantaneous axes of movement of the sub-astragalus joint move to be defined in space.
Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a boot according to the invention consisting of a plantar shell 15 equipped with a sole 2 intended to rest directly or indirectly on a support embodied by the plane P. The plantar shell 15 is adapted to s'rve as a support for the plantar base of the foot and to contain at least part of the dorsal mass of the foot, ~~~E~~~~
including the calcaneum-pedal block, by means of a vamp region 16.
The boot according to the invention is also composed of a rigid leg 17 which can be adapted in a sealed manner to the plantar shell 15 and is adapted to surround and support the ankle joints and, in particular, the tibiotarsal joint 10 and the astragalus 4 at the sides as well as the front and rear.
The rigid leg 17 is adapted to the plantar shell 15 by means of an articulating device which, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, comprises two means for connection between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 in order to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and the leg.
The first connecting means 22 (Figures 3 and 6) is disposed on the rear part of the boot in the region intended to accommodate and act as a receiving seat for the skier's heel and consists of a lug 23 integral with the plantar shell and comprising a, for example, spherical or hemispherical head engaged with assembly clearance inside a cavity 24 provided inside the thickness of the end portion 25 of the rigid leg 17. The lug 23 and the cavity 24 are disposed and produced on the boot in the vicinity of the vertex S of the sub-astragalus cone 11 so that the relative deflection of the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 take place round instantaneous axes confined inside the sub-astragalus cone 11 defined hereinbefore. Depending on the conjugate shapes of the lug 23 and the cavity 24, the freedoms of movement permitted by the rear connecting means 22 can consist of rotations round an axis Al directed from the rear part of the boot to the front part of the boot inside the cone 11 and/or of rotations round an axis A2 in a direction coincident with the longitudinal axis of the part supporting the rotating head of the lug 23, the axis of rotation A2 obviously being confined to the interior of the sub-astragalus cone 11. The rear connecting means 22 preferably allows a combination of the rotations defined hereinbefore and any connecting means allowing relative displacement of the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 in the three spatial planes will advantageously be used. As a variation, the type of assembly proposed can be reversed and the lug 23 can be made integral with the rigid leg 17 and the cavity 24 provided in the thickness of the plantar shell 15.
Similarly, as a variation, the lug assembly shown in Figure 3 can be replaced by a ball-type assembly as illustrated in Figure 8. In this variation, the two cavities 26 and 27 are preferably hemispherical and equipped with annular clearance regions provided respectively in the thickness of the rigid leg 17 and of the plantar shell 15, these same cavities 26 and 27 serving as a receiving seat for a ball 28 permanently fixed by any suitable means on the plantar shell or the rigid leg. Such an assembly, with relative clearance, also allows a relative angular deflection in the three spatial directions of the plantar shell 15 with respect to t'ne rigid leg 17.
The articulating device shown in Figure 3 is completed by a front connecting means 32 advantageously disposed between the vamp region 16 of the plantar shell 15 and the front part 17a of the rigid leg 17. To comply at least in part with the physiology of the sub-astragalus joint of the ankle, as defined 'nereinbefore, the front connecting means is disposed at least partially in the sub-astragalus cone 11 so that the instantaneous axes of displacement of the plantar shell 15 and of the rigid leg 17 in the three spatial planes are located inside the sub-astragalus cone 11. For this purpose, a lug 33 having a spherical or hemispherical head, for example topping a cylindrical base 34 integral with the vamp region 16 is preferably produced. The head of the lug 33 is mounted inside a receiving cavity 35 provided in the thickness of the front part 17a of the rigid leg, the head of the lug 33 being held in position inside the cavity 35 by means of an annular shoulder 36 inside the cavity 35.
Figures 4 and 5 show that the cavity 35 can advantageously have a cross section of elliptical shape decreasing from the annular shoulder 36 to the bottom of the cavity to allow, in combination with the relative clearance for mounting of the lug 33 inside the cavity 35, completely free displacement of the plantar shell 15 relative to the rigid leg 17. Thus, as shown in Figure 4, the lug 33 can move parallel to the plane P to occupy a position located on the axis Bl or B2 for example.
Similarly, these displacements can obviously be combined with angular rotations of the plantar shell 15 or of the rigid leg 17 round the instantaneous axis of displacement consisting of the axis of the cylindrical base 34 and embodied, for example, by the passage of the imaginary central plane R of the rigid leg into the positions Rl and R2.
The relative angular deflections of the plantar shell 15 with respect to the rigid leg 17 are advantageously limited, on the one hand, by the relative clearance between the front articulating means and the rear articulating means and, on the other hand, by abutments provided in the joining and interlocking region 41 between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17. The lower abutment can therefore be formed by the upper rim 42 of the upper limit of the plantar shell 15. The upper abutment therefore consists of the lower rim 43 of the lower limit of the rigid leg 17.
The articulating device described is advantageously provided with flexibility which can be conferred by the interposition on the two lateral edges of the boot and between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 of spring dynamometers 44, as illustrated in Figure 9. The spring dynamometers 44 are usefully provided with a system for adjusting the spring tension so that the flexibility of the relative angular deflection between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 can be adjusted. It is obvious that any equivalent flexible system allowing controlled rigidification of the articulating device 21 can be contemplated without departing from the scope of the invention.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of a detail of a variation of the front connecting means 32 which can consist of a double ball 45 comprising a central cylindrical body 46 supporting two spherical balls 47 and 48 at its two ends.
The seats for receiving the balls 47 and 48 consist of cavities 49 and 50 identical to the cavity 35 in the variation illustrated in Figure 3 and provided respectively in the front wall 17a above the rigid leg 17 and in the vamp region 16. The cavities 49 and 50 open at the exterior of the front wall 17a and of the vamp region 16 in two cylindrical bores 51, 52 traversed by the cylindrical body 46. The relative dimensioning of the double ball 45, of the cavities 49, 50 and of the cylindrical bores 51 and 52 is intended, on the one hand, to retain the double ball 45 inside the cavities 49 and 50 and, on the other hand, to allow an angular deflection in the three spatial planes between the rigid leg 17 and the plantar shell 16 round instantaneous axes of displacement confined inside the sub-astragalus cone 11.
A particularly advantageous and practical assembly of the front and rear connecting means involves disposing the respective geometric centres of the rear connecting means 22 t and front connecting means 32 on the central axis 14 of the sub-astragalus cone 11. Owing to the plasticity of the tissues of the planta of the foot, it is however possible to dispose said geometric centres in a vertical plane enclosing the large central and longitudinal axis x-x' of the ski boot.
Figure 9 shows a view of the rear or posterior face of a boot for a right foot according to the invention. The disposition illustrated has an assembly in which a rigid upper leg 55 is articulated to the leg 17 round an axis y-y' transverse to the longitudinal median plane M of the boot 1.
The axis y-y' of the articulation 56 is disposed on the boot 1 so as to extend substantially in the region of the tibio-peroneal point representating the tibio-tarsal joint 10 (see Figure 1) of the ankle joint in order to accommodate the flexion of this joint. In a particularly advantageous manner, the transverse axis y-y' is inclined to the principal plane of support and extension P of the boot and rises progressively from the exterior to the interior of the boot.
The y-y' axis is inclined at about 15 to 25° to the plane P.
The problems of sealing resulting from the production of a ski boot from at least two parts will be solved by the interposition of sealing tabs disposed inside or outside the boot and extending, for example, along the joining region 41.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a variation in which the articulating device consists of two bars 51 interposed laterally between the shell 15 and the leg 17. Each bar 51 is connected to the shell 15 by a lower arresting element 52 of the screw, rivet or a similar type and by an upper fixing element 53 of the screw, tenon, rivet or insert type, for example. The upper fixing element 53 and the bar 51 have a relative assembly clearance allowing movements of the leg 17 in the three spatial planes round instantaneous axes of displacement of which the geometrical resultant is displaced in the cone 11 to match the ankle joint. It is obviously possible to reverse the respective positions of the elements 52 and 53 without departing from the scope of the invention.
Owing to the articulating device, the ski boot according to the invention allows at least partial and preferably total reproduction of all the movements of eversion and inversion of the calcaneum-pedal block below the astragalus without affecting the performance of the skier and the retention of the foot and the ankle. In fact, the definition of a geometric and mechanical model representing the kinematics of the movements of the ankle joint on anatomical and physiological bases has led to the definition of the sub-astragalus cone 11 allowing elements which have hitherto been paradoxical, that is the safety and the performance of the skier, to be reconciled.
The possibility of relative deflection in the three spatial planes of the two constituent parts of the boot according to the invention allows release movements in the three spatial planes of the lower limb in the event of an impact or a fall, for example, and this helps to reduce the stresses in the region of the knee and the ligamentary system in general. In particular, the use of an articulating device of the passive type without preferential active stress allows the movements of inversion and eversion of the sub-astragalus joint of the ankle within the geometric limits defined by the sub-astragalus cone without any muscular or other stress, leading to perfect accommodation of the movements of eversion and inversion.
It has also been found that the additional possibilities of movement available to the skier owing to the articulating device proposed by the invention allow the snow to be felt more closely and allow improved control of the ski in slalom by angular whipping of the ski in the bend, these two advantages resulting precisely from the articulating device according to the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that, instead of the articulating means with lugs or double balls which have been described, it is obviously conceivable to use, for example, rolling systems or else to use the properties of elastic deformation and of rigidity of certain plastics or other materials. The rear connecting means 22 could thus merely consist of a rear joining region between the leg 17 and the shell 15, said region essentially comprising an elastically deformable plastics material.
The ski boot described in the patent US-A-4 199 879 is also known, which, for safety reasons, attempts to give the ankle joint a certain amount of freedom in the three spatial planes. To this end it is proposed that a rigid casing comparable to a simple cylindrical body intended to contain the bottom of the skier's leg above the malleoli be associated with a plantar shell containing the calcaneum-pedal block. The rigid casing is connected to the shell by means of an articulating device consisting of two helical springs each extending on the exterior and at the side of the boot.
Such an arrangement allows relative angular deflection of the shell and of the leg in the three spatial planes but does not provide a sealed assembly between the two parts since a flexible external casing has to be provided.
Furthermore, the use of a spring assembly leads to mere dynamic damping of the movements of the ankle joint and not to passive control of the movements of the joint in its natural physiological limits. In addition, the use of lateral external springs has a double drawback linked to high muscular stress of the joint in geometric locations outside the natural ankle joint. It will finally be noted that the external position of the springs is such that they represent a potential source of catching and of a fall for the skier.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of prior art ski boots to produce a ski boot which matches, at least in part, the physiology of ~~~4~~~
the ankle joint without affecting its protection and control of the ski while reducing the risks of ligamentary lesions to the knee.
A further object of the invention is to produce a ski boot allowing simultaneous movements of the foot in the horizontal and frontal planes.
A secondary object of the invention is to produce a ski boot allowing improved reproduction of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane.
The object of the invention is achieved by means of a ski boot comprising, on the one hand, a plantar shell equipped with a sole and a vamp region intended to rest directly or indirectly on a support such as a ski, for example, and adapted to contain at least the plantar base of the foot and the calcaneum-pedal block and, on the other hand, a rigid leg adaptable to said shell and adapted to wrap and support the tibiotarsal ankle joint, the shell and the leg being mounted with freedom for relative movement, wherein an articulating device is mounted between the leg which also supports the astragalus and the shell to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and the leg accommodating, at least in part, the eversion and inversion movements permitted by the sub-astragalus joint of the foot.
Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, as non-limiting examples, embodiments of the subject of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a schematic external side view of the ankle and foot joint in a ski boot according to the invention.
~fl~~~~~
Figure 2 shows the ankle joint according to a plan view taken from Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a first embodiment along a longitudinal section of a ski boot according to the invention.
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of a boot according to the invention taken in a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3.
Figure 5 shows a detail of the articulating device according to the invention taken along the section V-V in Figure 3.
Figure 6 shows a detail of the articulating device according to the invention taken along the section VI-VI in Figure 3.
Figures 7 and 8 illustrate variations of the articulating device according to the invention.
Figure 9 is a view of a ski boot according to the invention taken as a rear view of the boot.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a further variation showing a particular assembly of the two parts of the boot.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows schematically the distribution of the bones constituting the sub-astragalus joint of a human being's ankle inside a ski boot of which the external casing 1 as well as the sole 2 have been shown in broken lines. The general view portrayed can be considered as illustrating the position of the ankle and of the back of the right foot of a ~~246~~
skier, viewed laterally from the exterior in a plane extending in the direction of the principal longitudinal axis of the boot and substantially perpendicularly to the plane of support and extension of the 'ooot embodied by the plane P
considered as the plane for bearing and extension of the sole 2 of the boot.
The sub-astragalus joint of the ankle consists of the calcaneum 3, the astragalus 4, the system composed of the cuboid 5, the scaphoid 6, the cuneiforms 7, then the metatarsals and, finally, the phalanges, not shown in Figure 1, forming the calcaneum-pedal block.
The movements of the sub-astragalus joint in space can be considered as being the result of the relative positions in space of all the positions of the calcaneum-pedal block consisting of the calcaneum 3, the cuboid 4, the scaphoid 6 and cuneiforms 7 and the metatarsals 8 relative to the astragalus 4. More specifically, these movements are conventionally defined in anatomy by a movement of inversion and by a movement of eversion of the ankle.
The term inversion of the ankle denotes a movement which associates a combination, partial or otherwise, of all the following movements in the three spatial planes, that is:
- in the horizontal plane coincident according to Figure 1 with the plane P, a so-called internal rotation because it is directed toward the internal face of the opposite foot, this internal rotation having a maximum range of rotation of 30° relative to a normal upright position of the foot in which the longitudinal axis of the foot is substantially parallel to the plane of symmetry of the human being, - in a frontal plane corresponding to a plane F
perpendicular to the plane P, a so-called internal roll over a range of about 25° defined relative to the extreme bottom position and extreme top position of the range of the internal roll, - in the sagittal plane, not illustrated and embodied by the plane of the section of Figure 1, a so-called plantar flexion over a range of about 10° in the direction of the arrow fl and defined relative to a normal upright position of a human being situated on a horizontal plane.
The ranges referred to above correspond to mean values, each range being capable of varying by more or less 5 to 10°
depending upon the age of the individual and his individual anatomical characteristics.
Similarly, the term eversion of the ankle denotes a movement associating in the three spatial planes in a general direction moving away from the vertical plane of symmetry of the individual:
- a maximum external rotation of 30° in the horizontal plane, - an external roll of about 20o in the frontal plane F, - a so-called dorsal flexion in the direction of the arrow f2 and over a range of about 10° in the sagittal plane.
Investigations into the movements of the above-defined sub-astragalus joint of the foot and ankle have demonstrated that all these inversion and eversion movements in the three spatial planes had instantaneous axes of displacement or else of movement of which the displacement was limited and circumscribed to a geometric envelope comparable to a cone generated by revolution 11, hereinafter called a sub-astragalus cone.
The vertex S of the cone 11 can be considered as being located at a distance d behind the calcaneum and at a height H1 substantially equivalent to one-third of the height H
representing the height of the extreme rear edge of the calcaneum 3. The vertex S is preferably also located at the centre of the geometric projection of the calcaneum 3 on the frontal plane F.
The inclination of cone 11 to the plane P can be defined by means of the two bundles of lined-up ligaments 12 and 13, the intersection of which should be located on the central axis 14 of the cone 11. In practice, the angle oc formed by the intersection of the central axis 14 of the cone 11 with the plane _P has a value of between 20 and 50° and preferably between 30 and 45°. The cone 11 is again defined by its opening angle $ of which the mean value varies between 15 and 30° depending on the age of the individuals and their particular anatomical features.
Figure 2 shows a plan view of a right foot inside a boot 1. In Figure 2, the axis x-x' represents the longitudinal axis of the boot 1. When projected in a horizontal plane, the axis x-x' and t'ne central axis 14 of the cone 11 form an angle Y of between 10 and 30°, the cone 11 consequently being directed toward the interior of the foot.
All these geometric and angular definitions therefore allow the arrangement and orientation of the sub-astragalus cone 11 representing the envelope inside which the instantaneous axes of movement of the sub-astragalus joint move to be defined in space.
Figure 3 shows a first embodiment of a boot according to the invention consisting of a plantar shell 15 equipped with a sole 2 intended to rest directly or indirectly on a support embodied by the plane P. The plantar shell 15 is adapted to s'rve as a support for the plantar base of the foot and to contain at least part of the dorsal mass of the foot, ~~~E~~~~
including the calcaneum-pedal block, by means of a vamp region 16.
The boot according to the invention is also composed of a rigid leg 17 which can be adapted in a sealed manner to the plantar shell 15 and is adapted to surround and support the ankle joints and, in particular, the tibiotarsal joint 10 and the astragalus 4 at the sides as well as the front and rear.
The rigid leg 17 is adapted to the plantar shell 15 by means of an articulating device which, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, comprises two means for connection between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 in order to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and the leg.
The first connecting means 22 (Figures 3 and 6) is disposed on the rear part of the boot in the region intended to accommodate and act as a receiving seat for the skier's heel and consists of a lug 23 integral with the plantar shell and comprising a, for example, spherical or hemispherical head engaged with assembly clearance inside a cavity 24 provided inside the thickness of the end portion 25 of the rigid leg 17. The lug 23 and the cavity 24 are disposed and produced on the boot in the vicinity of the vertex S of the sub-astragalus cone 11 so that the relative deflection of the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 take place round instantaneous axes confined inside the sub-astragalus cone 11 defined hereinbefore. Depending on the conjugate shapes of the lug 23 and the cavity 24, the freedoms of movement permitted by the rear connecting means 22 can consist of rotations round an axis Al directed from the rear part of the boot to the front part of the boot inside the cone 11 and/or of rotations round an axis A2 in a direction coincident with the longitudinal axis of the part supporting the rotating head of the lug 23, the axis of rotation A2 obviously being confined to the interior of the sub-astragalus cone 11. The rear connecting means 22 preferably allows a combination of the rotations defined hereinbefore and any connecting means allowing relative displacement of the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 in the three spatial planes will advantageously be used. As a variation, the type of assembly proposed can be reversed and the lug 23 can be made integral with the rigid leg 17 and the cavity 24 provided in the thickness of the plantar shell 15.
Similarly, as a variation, the lug assembly shown in Figure 3 can be replaced by a ball-type assembly as illustrated in Figure 8. In this variation, the two cavities 26 and 27 are preferably hemispherical and equipped with annular clearance regions provided respectively in the thickness of the rigid leg 17 and of the plantar shell 15, these same cavities 26 and 27 serving as a receiving seat for a ball 28 permanently fixed by any suitable means on the plantar shell or the rigid leg. Such an assembly, with relative clearance, also allows a relative angular deflection in the three spatial directions of the plantar shell 15 with respect to t'ne rigid leg 17.
The articulating device shown in Figure 3 is completed by a front connecting means 32 advantageously disposed between the vamp region 16 of the plantar shell 15 and the front part 17a of the rigid leg 17. To comply at least in part with the physiology of the sub-astragalus joint of the ankle, as defined 'nereinbefore, the front connecting means is disposed at least partially in the sub-astragalus cone 11 so that the instantaneous axes of displacement of the plantar shell 15 and of the rigid leg 17 in the three spatial planes are located inside the sub-astragalus cone 11. For this purpose, a lug 33 having a spherical or hemispherical head, for example topping a cylindrical base 34 integral with the vamp region 16 is preferably produced. The head of the lug 33 is mounted inside a receiving cavity 35 provided in the thickness of the front part 17a of the rigid leg, the head of the lug 33 being held in position inside the cavity 35 by means of an annular shoulder 36 inside the cavity 35.
Figures 4 and 5 show that the cavity 35 can advantageously have a cross section of elliptical shape decreasing from the annular shoulder 36 to the bottom of the cavity to allow, in combination with the relative clearance for mounting of the lug 33 inside the cavity 35, completely free displacement of the plantar shell 15 relative to the rigid leg 17. Thus, as shown in Figure 4, the lug 33 can move parallel to the plane P to occupy a position located on the axis Bl or B2 for example.
Similarly, these displacements can obviously be combined with angular rotations of the plantar shell 15 or of the rigid leg 17 round the instantaneous axis of displacement consisting of the axis of the cylindrical base 34 and embodied, for example, by the passage of the imaginary central plane R of the rigid leg into the positions Rl and R2.
The relative angular deflections of the plantar shell 15 with respect to the rigid leg 17 are advantageously limited, on the one hand, by the relative clearance between the front articulating means and the rear articulating means and, on the other hand, by abutments provided in the joining and interlocking region 41 between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17. The lower abutment can therefore be formed by the upper rim 42 of the upper limit of the plantar shell 15. The upper abutment therefore consists of the lower rim 43 of the lower limit of the rigid leg 17.
The articulating device described is advantageously provided with flexibility which can be conferred by the interposition on the two lateral edges of the boot and between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 of spring dynamometers 44, as illustrated in Figure 9. The spring dynamometers 44 are usefully provided with a system for adjusting the spring tension so that the flexibility of the relative angular deflection between the plantar shell 15 and the rigid leg 17 can be adjusted. It is obvious that any equivalent flexible system allowing controlled rigidification of the articulating device 21 can be contemplated without departing from the scope of the invention.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of a detail of a variation of the front connecting means 32 which can consist of a double ball 45 comprising a central cylindrical body 46 supporting two spherical balls 47 and 48 at its two ends.
The seats for receiving the balls 47 and 48 consist of cavities 49 and 50 identical to the cavity 35 in the variation illustrated in Figure 3 and provided respectively in the front wall 17a above the rigid leg 17 and in the vamp region 16. The cavities 49 and 50 open at the exterior of the front wall 17a and of the vamp region 16 in two cylindrical bores 51, 52 traversed by the cylindrical body 46. The relative dimensioning of the double ball 45, of the cavities 49, 50 and of the cylindrical bores 51 and 52 is intended, on the one hand, to retain the double ball 45 inside the cavities 49 and 50 and, on the other hand, to allow an angular deflection in the three spatial planes between the rigid leg 17 and the plantar shell 16 round instantaneous axes of displacement confined inside the sub-astragalus cone 11.
A particularly advantageous and practical assembly of the front and rear connecting means involves disposing the respective geometric centres of the rear connecting means 22 t and front connecting means 32 on the central axis 14 of the sub-astragalus cone 11. Owing to the plasticity of the tissues of the planta of the foot, it is however possible to dispose said geometric centres in a vertical plane enclosing the large central and longitudinal axis x-x' of the ski boot.
Figure 9 shows a view of the rear or posterior face of a boot for a right foot according to the invention. The disposition illustrated has an assembly in which a rigid upper leg 55 is articulated to the leg 17 round an axis y-y' transverse to the longitudinal median plane M of the boot 1.
The axis y-y' of the articulation 56 is disposed on the boot 1 so as to extend substantially in the region of the tibio-peroneal point representating the tibio-tarsal joint 10 (see Figure 1) of the ankle joint in order to accommodate the flexion of this joint. In a particularly advantageous manner, the transverse axis y-y' is inclined to the principal plane of support and extension P of the boot and rises progressively from the exterior to the interior of the boot.
The y-y' axis is inclined at about 15 to 25° to the plane P.
The problems of sealing resulting from the production of a ski boot from at least two parts will be solved by the interposition of sealing tabs disposed inside or outside the boot and extending, for example, along the joining region 41.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a variation in which the articulating device consists of two bars 51 interposed laterally between the shell 15 and the leg 17. Each bar 51 is connected to the shell 15 by a lower arresting element 52 of the screw, rivet or a similar type and by an upper fixing element 53 of the screw, tenon, rivet or insert type, for example. The upper fixing element 53 and the bar 51 have a relative assembly clearance allowing movements of the leg 17 in the three spatial planes round instantaneous axes of displacement of which the geometrical resultant is displaced in the cone 11 to match the ankle joint. It is obviously possible to reverse the respective positions of the elements 52 and 53 without departing from the scope of the invention.
Owing to the articulating device, the ski boot according to the invention allows at least partial and preferably total reproduction of all the movements of eversion and inversion of the calcaneum-pedal block below the astragalus without affecting the performance of the skier and the retention of the foot and the ankle. In fact, the definition of a geometric and mechanical model representing the kinematics of the movements of the ankle joint on anatomical and physiological bases has led to the definition of the sub-astragalus cone 11 allowing elements which have hitherto been paradoxical, that is the safety and the performance of the skier, to be reconciled.
The possibility of relative deflection in the three spatial planes of the two constituent parts of the boot according to the invention allows release movements in the three spatial planes of the lower limb in the event of an impact or a fall, for example, and this helps to reduce the stresses in the region of the knee and the ligamentary system in general. In particular, the use of an articulating device of the passive type without preferential active stress allows the movements of inversion and eversion of the sub-astragalus joint of the ankle within the geometric limits defined by the sub-astragalus cone without any muscular or other stress, leading to perfect accommodation of the movements of eversion and inversion.
It has also been found that the additional possibilities of movement available to the skier owing to the articulating device proposed by the invention allow the snow to be felt more closely and allow improved control of the ski in slalom by angular whipping of the ski in the bend, these two advantages resulting precisely from the articulating device according to the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that, instead of the articulating means with lugs or double balls which have been described, it is obviously conceivable to use, for example, rolling systems or else to use the properties of elastic deformation and of rigidity of certain plastics or other materials. The rear connecting means 22 could thus merely consist of a rear joining region between the leg 17 and the shell 15, said region essentially comprising an elastically deformable plastics material.
Claims (21)
1. Ski boot comprising, on the one hand, a plantar shell equipped with a sole and with an upper zone intended to rest directly or indirectly on a support, such as a ski and adapted to contain at least the plantar base of the foot and the calcaneum-pedal block and, on the other hand, a rigid casing connected by means of an articulating device to the shell to allow relative angular deflection of the shell and the rigid casing, characterized in that the rigid casing is a leg adapted to support and surround the tibio-tarsal joint of the ankle and the astragalus, mounted and adapted in a sealed manner on the shell by means of the articulating device which is mounted so as to allow relative angular deflection of the leg and the shell, with at least one freedom of movement of which the instantaneous axis or axes of movement are circumscribed inside a geometric envelope in the form of a cone of revolution called sub-astragalus cone and representative of the movements of eversion and of inversion.
2. Boot according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertex (S) of the sub-astragalus cone is located in the central zone of the heel of the boot, at the rear of the calcaneum and at a distance (d) of between 1 and 3 cm from the latter and at about one-third of its height, said cone being, on the one hand, inclined in the direction of the upper part of the boot such that its principal axis forms an angle (~) of between 20 and 50° with the principal plane of support and extension (P) of the boot and having, on the other hand, an opening angle (~) of between 15 and 30°.
3. Boot according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertex (S) of the sub-astragalus cone is located in the central zone of the heel of the boot, at the rear of the calcaneum and at a distance (d) of between 1 and 3 cm from the latter and at about one-third of its height, said cone being, on the one had, inclined in the direction of the upper part of the boot such that its principal axis forms an angle (~) of between 30 and 45° with the principal plane of support and extension (P) of the boot and having, on the other hand, an opening angle (.beta.) of between 15 and 30°.
4. Boot according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cone is inclined towards the interior of the boot so that its principal axis forms in the horizontal plane an angle (y) of between 15 and 30° with the longitudinal axis (x-x') of the boot.
5. Boot according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the principal axis of the cone merges with the longitudinal axis (x-x') of the boot.
6. Boot according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the articulating device allows several freedoms of movement combining rectilinear and circular movements of rotation and translation.
7. Boot according to claim 6, characterized in that the articulating device allows three freedoms of movement.
8. Boot according to claim 1, 6 or 7, characterized in that the articulating device comprises a front connecting means mounted on the front part of the boot, between the shell and the leg, at least partially inside the sub-astragalus cone.
9. Boot according to claim 1, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the articulating device comprises a rear connecting means mounted on the rear part of the boot in the vicinity of the vertex (S) of the sub-astragalus cone.
10. Boot according to claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the front and rear connecting means are located on the same axis.
11. Boot according to claim 8, characterized in that the front connecting means consist of a lug system which is at least partially spherical.
12. Boot according to claim 8, characterized in that the front connecting means consist of a double ball.
13. Boot according to claim 9, characterized in that the rear connecting element consists of a simple ball, of a spherical lug or of an elastically deformable junction zone between the leg and the shell.
14. Boot according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that abutment means limit the relative deflection of the shell and of the leg.
15. Boot according to claim 14, characterized in that the abutment means are disposed on the lateral faces of the boot.
16. Boot according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the abutment means consist of an interlocking with relative clearance of the shell and the leg, the surfaces of the lower and upper edges of the leg and the shell respectively performing the function of abutment.
17. Boot according to claim 6, characterized in that the articulating device comprises two bars disposed laterally between the leg and the shell.
18. Boot according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the rigid leg comprises an upper leg, articulated with respect to the main body of the leg about an axis (y-y') transverse to the principal median plane (M) of the boot, said axis extending substantially to the level of the tibio-peroneal point of the ankle joint to accommodate the flexion of this joint.
19. Boot according to claim 18, characterized in that the transverse axis (y-y') is inclined with respect to the principal plane of support and extension (P) of the boot and rises progressively from the exterior to the interior of the boot.
20. Boot according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that means for controlling the flexibility of the deflection are disposed between the leg and the shell.
21. Boot according to claim 20, characterized in that the means for controlling the flexibility of deflection are disposed laterally between the leg and the shell.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8911859 | 1989-09-06 | ||
| FR8911859A FR2651415B1 (en) | 1989-09-06 | 1989-09-06 | ARTICULATED SKI SHOE ALLOWING THE ANKLE PHYSIOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2024693A1 CA2024693A1 (en) | 1991-03-07 |
| CA2024693C true CA2024693C (en) | 2001-07-10 |
Family
ID=9385325
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002024693A Expired - Fee Related CA2024693C (en) | 1989-09-06 | 1990-09-05 | Articulated ski boot allowing physiological ankle movements |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0418172B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3044691B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE116113T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2024693C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69015527T2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2651415B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2662916B1 (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-09-18 | Rhenter Jean Luc | MULTI-PURPOSE SHOE WITH DEFORMABLE SUB-ASTRAGALIAN SECTION. |
| US5615901A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1997-04-01 | Piotrowski; David J. | Adjustable foot equipment |
| DE19916482C2 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2003-10-09 | Holger Wuerthner | Sports Shoe |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1412281A (en) * | 1963-10-23 | 1965-09-24 | Rosemount Engineering A G | Shoes and ankle boots |
| DE2024573C3 (en) * | 1970-05-20 | 1979-08-23 | Hannes 8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Marker | Ski boot |
| US4199879A (en) * | 1978-08-15 | 1980-04-29 | Wegeng Wendell A | Safety ski boot structure |
| FR2433311B1 (en) * | 1978-08-16 | 1985-07-26 | Desire Sport | PERFECTED SKI SHOE |
| DE3303520A1 (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-09 | Norbert 8501 Eckental Lutz | Laterally movable ski boot |
| DE8702913U1 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1987-06-11 | Schlittenbauer, Franz, 8024 Oberhaching | Ski boot |
-
1989
- 1989-09-06 FR FR8911859A patent/FR2651415B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-09-03 DE DE69015527T patent/DE69015527T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-03 EP EP90420392A patent/EP0418172B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-03 AT AT90420392T patent/ATE116113T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-05 CA CA002024693A patent/CA2024693C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-06 JP JP2234615A patent/JP3044691B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH03106302A (en) | 1991-05-02 |
| FR2651415B1 (en) | 1992-07-24 |
| EP0418172B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 |
| ATE116113T1 (en) | 1995-01-15 |
| CA2024693A1 (en) | 1991-03-07 |
| DE69015527T2 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| JP3044691B2 (en) | 2000-05-22 |
| DE69015527D1 (en) | 1995-02-09 |
| FR2651415A1 (en) | 1991-03-08 |
| EP0418172A1 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |