CA2024110A1 - Method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germination - Google Patents
Method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germinationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2024110A1 CA2024110A1 CA 2024110 CA2024110A CA2024110A1 CA 2024110 A1 CA2024110 A1 CA 2024110A1 CA 2024110 CA2024110 CA 2024110 CA 2024110 A CA2024110 A CA 2024110A CA 2024110 A1 CA2024110 A1 CA 2024110A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- seeds
- population
- moisture content
- hydrated
- seed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method of accelerating and synchronizing seed germination prior to planting by contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water until the moisture content of the resulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of the seeds, removing the hydrated seeds from contact with the liquid water, dehydrating the hydrated seeds so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the moisture content of the initial population of seeds, and repeating these steps at least once to yield a population of dehydrated, ungerminated seeds having a moisture content that is above the moisture content of the initial population, and is preferably also above that of the population of seeds produced by the prior dehydration step.
A method of accelerating and synchronizing seed germination prior to planting by contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water until the moisture content of the resulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of the seeds, removing the hydrated seeds from contact with the liquid water, dehydrating the hydrated seeds so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the moisture content of the initial population of seeds, and repeating these steps at least once to yield a population of dehydrated, ungerminated seeds having a moisture content that is above the moisture content of the initial population, and is preferably also above that of the population of seeds produced by the prior dehydration step.
Description
~2~
A METHOD FOR AS~CELERATING AND
SYNCHRONIZING SEED GERMINATION
Backqround of the I v ntion For at least the past fifty years, there has been an interest in -the possibilities of enhancing seed performance, particularly with respect to improved ger-mination and seedling estahlishment. Seed treatments that initiate or complete the germination process under controlled conditions prior to sowing would possess a number of practical advantages, particularly if germina-~ion were synchronized as well as accelerated. Rapid establishment of a uniform population of seedlings improves the ability of the crop to compete with weeds, and further economies result from the management of a uniform population of plants, including enhanced uniformity of the yield at harvest. Rapid germination following sowing can reduce erosion by rapidly stabilizing denuded slopes and can bring playing fields such as golf greens to playable levels in shorter times, using less seed. Rapid germination can reduce the exposure of the planted seed to infection~ thus reducing the need for extensive chemical control of conditions such as damping off. In fact, the growing season for a given crop could be effectively lengthened by at least the number of days normally required for germination in the ground.
Attempts to accelerate germination have included the use of physical or chemical treatments intended to shorten the dormancy period following seed formation. Such treatments include exposure of seed to light, exposure of seed to cool, moist conditions (stratification), mechanical scarification and treatment with chemical agents such as gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide or ethylene.
Seed hardening, the practice of subjecting seeds to a water soak followed by air drying, has been investigated for years with inconclusive results.
Various methods to plant pre~germinated seeds have also been developed, but remain problematic due to the tendency of newly~germinated seeds to dehydrate and their susceptability to mechanical damage. Seeds have also been subjected to osmotic conditioning, comprising hydrating the seeds in salt or polyethylene glycol solutions. Those treatments can reduce the dormancy period, while preventing emergence of the radicle, or primary root.
Therefore, a need exists to decrease the germination time of seeds following planting ("in situ") and to increase the extent of synchronous germination of said seeds.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a method to accumulate th0 garmination processes of a population of seeds prior to planting, so that the seeds germinate more rapidl~ and with a higher degree of synchronicity after planting than an untreated population of the same seeds. In accord with the present method, the seeds are "cycled" to a critical point just prior to germination by means of application thereto of controlled wetting and drying cycles, over a period called the "critical fluctuation period." The seeds achieve physiological synchronization by the end of tha critical fluctuation period and then germinate rapidly following subsequent reexposure to water. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germination comprising:
(a) contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water so that the moisture content of the xesulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of the initi~l population of seeds;
(b) removing the population of hydrated seeds from contact with liquid water and dehydrating them so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the initial moisture content of the initial population o seeds; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) at least once, to yield a population of seeds having a moisture content that is above the moisture content of the initial population, and is preferably also above that of the population of seeds produced by the prior dehydration (drying) step.
Preferably, the moisture content of each population of hydrated seeds is above that of the prior hydrated population. Thus, the moisture cnntent of both the hydrated and the dehydrated populations is preferably increased in a stepwise fashion over the moisture content of the initial population, until the moisture content of the hydrated population reaches a critical point at which germination will occur. Upon subsequent exposure to liquid water, said final population of dehydrated seeds will hydrate and germinate in substantial synchronicity and in a time period following said subsequent rehydration that is substantially shorter than the time required to germinate said initial population, upon contact with water. For example, upon reexposure to liquid water under ambient conditions, the germination time of the population cycled in accord with the present invention can be reduced to about 16 hours or less, with ger-mination of at least about 90~, e.g., about 97.5-100% of the viable seeds. For some types of grass seed, two cycles of hydration/dehydration (e.g., a-b; a'-b') will be sufficient to achieve effective synchronization and germination acceleration, while other species of grass require as many as 16-20 (a~-(b) cycles to complete the critical fluctuation.
Surprisingly, the present method can be used to improve the ability of older seed to germinate and can rejuvenate seeds with low vigor. The seeds produced in accord with the present invention can also withstand being further dried to air dry moisture content while retaining enhanced synchronization. The rapid germination of the present seeds also reduces their exposure to damping off organisms, such as Pythium spp., thus reducing or eliminating the need to apply fungicides or other chemical treatments to the seeds.
~ he present invention will also be useful in replacing one type of ground cover with a second type of ground cover, particularly in situations in which maintaining an intact layer of cover is important, e.g., to the protection or use of the surface. ~or example in the case of golf courses, it is often necessary to convert from one variety of grass to another, to adjust the characteristics of the grass to seasonal changes in the weather. Conventionally, this is accomplished by heavy overseeding of the old turf, so that the new variety of grass replaces the pxior variety unifor~ly, and-at a sufficient density. However, due to the wide variation in germination times within the population of seed which is applied, much seed is wasted. The present invention yields a population of seed that has been presynchronized with respect to germination, and which will germinate in a reduced period of time, thus ad-vantageously shortening the time that the cours~ cannotbe used. The seeds of the present invention are also useful when it is desired to rapidly cover a bare area of ground, e.g., to protect it against erosion or against the leaching of hazardous residues. The area sought to be protected can be seeded and then exposed to water for one preselected period in order to accomplish the germination of the seeds and initiate growth of the seedlings.
Although the invention is described primarily with respect to grass seeds, it is expected to be generally applicable to the seeds o~ monocots such as the grains, e.g., corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, and rye. Also, the seeds of plants such as orchardgrass, freesia, cashew nuts and fescue and processed plants such as soybeans, beets, carrots, celery, tomatoes, onions, lupins, sunflower and cotton can be improved by the present method. The invention should be particularly effective in species where there is a substantial time interval between maturation and germination of the seeds under natural conditions.
Detailed Description of the Invention Seed synchronization has been achieved with four genotypes of lolium ~ (perennial ryegrass) and with poa annua (annual bluegrass, several genotypes). Generally, seeds that have been stored under various conditions are cycled between liquid and vapor phase aqueous environments. The hydration phase (~ = 0 MPa) is achieved by placing seeds in continuou6 contact with free water.
It is preferred to dehydrate the seeds at a high humidity under conditions at which the seeds are not wetted. This can be achieved by placing seeds in an environment where humidity is closely controlled.
Because the relative humidity in the air of a chamber also containing salt solutions corresponds to a particular water potential, a specific vapor pressure gradient can be achieved above the liquid/ preferably at a water potential of about ~ = -5 MPa to -~0 MPa at ambient conditions (25-27.5OC). For example, the relative humidity at about 26.5OC may be about gO-97~.
This gradient provides a controlled rate of drying and a predictable seed moisture content at any time following introduction of the seeds into the vapor ~drying) phase environment. It should be noted that temperature control is used to avoid condensation due to temperature decrease rather than to prevent temperature increase.
~nbient air pressures are employed.
Seeds are alternated between the two environments for preselected time periods, typically about 8-24 hours. Repeated hydration-dehydration cycling under the appropriate conditions synchronizes seed germination.
Example 1.
Fifty seeds of "DelRay" perennial ryegrass (Northrup King) were subjected to hydration/dehydration cycles at 26.5C. Following 16 hours of hydration on water-saturated blotting paper, the seeds are trans-ferred to a sealed jar where they are floated on a raft on a saturated aqueous potassium nitrate solution (R.H
- 93%, ~ = -10 MPa) for 8 hours at 26.5C. Repeating this procedur0 twice fulfills the critical fluctuation period (2.0 cycles) and 100% of the viable seeds germinate upon reexposure to water at 26.5C overnight.
Example 2.
Figure 1 summarizes the results of repeated f hydration/dehydration cycles on lolium perenne (ryegrass) seeds. The hydration (liquid) cycles were carried out for 16 hrs at 26.5C. The dehydration (vapor) cycles were carried out for 8 hrs at ~ = -10 MPa (26.5C) and at 97~ and 93% relati~e humidity (R.H.), xespectively. The control seeds were continuously hydrated with liquid water at 26.5C and germinated between 40 and 72 hours. The arrows on the plots indi-cate the point at which the first seed germinated. ~ll of the cycled seeds humidified at 93% (16.8.93 plot) germinated during the hydration step between 48 and 62 hrs.
Repeated hydration/dehydration cycles on poa annua (bluegrass) seeds were also carried out. The hydration cycle (liquid) were carried out at 26.5C.
The dehydration (vapor) cycles were carried out at 26.5C (-10 MPa) and at 93% R.H., respectively. The control seeds were continuously hydrated with liquid water at 26.5C.
Table I, below, summarizes the percent germina-tion observed for poa annua seeds which were cycled inaccord with the present method for two hydra-tion:dehydration (liquid:vapor) periods.
Table I
10 TREATMENT CYCLES RESTRICTING GERMINArrION OF Poa annua SEEDS
~cycle = liquid : -10 MPa~
15 LIQUID:VAPOR ~ GERMINATION (%)*--~
~hrsl DURIN& CYCLING FOLLOWING CYCLING
8 : 16 0* 81 8 : 24 0* 72 * Indicates significant difference from control, which had 75% germination between 56-136 hrs of hydration~
a Thirteen hydration/dehydration cycles, followed by c 32 hrs of hydration.
b Ten hydration/dehydration cycles, followed by < 32 hrs of hydration.
The data on Table I demonstrates that the ~0 present method is effective to both delay germination before planting and to synchronize germination upon continuous hydration following cycling.
The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood ~hat many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.
A METHOD FOR AS~CELERATING AND
SYNCHRONIZING SEED GERMINATION
Backqround of the I v ntion For at least the past fifty years, there has been an interest in -the possibilities of enhancing seed performance, particularly with respect to improved ger-mination and seedling estahlishment. Seed treatments that initiate or complete the germination process under controlled conditions prior to sowing would possess a number of practical advantages, particularly if germina-~ion were synchronized as well as accelerated. Rapid establishment of a uniform population of seedlings improves the ability of the crop to compete with weeds, and further economies result from the management of a uniform population of plants, including enhanced uniformity of the yield at harvest. Rapid germination following sowing can reduce erosion by rapidly stabilizing denuded slopes and can bring playing fields such as golf greens to playable levels in shorter times, using less seed. Rapid germination can reduce the exposure of the planted seed to infection~ thus reducing the need for extensive chemical control of conditions such as damping off. In fact, the growing season for a given crop could be effectively lengthened by at least the number of days normally required for germination in the ground.
Attempts to accelerate germination have included the use of physical or chemical treatments intended to shorten the dormancy period following seed formation. Such treatments include exposure of seed to light, exposure of seed to cool, moist conditions (stratification), mechanical scarification and treatment with chemical agents such as gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, thiourea, hydrogen peroxide or ethylene.
Seed hardening, the practice of subjecting seeds to a water soak followed by air drying, has been investigated for years with inconclusive results.
Various methods to plant pre~germinated seeds have also been developed, but remain problematic due to the tendency of newly~germinated seeds to dehydrate and their susceptability to mechanical damage. Seeds have also been subjected to osmotic conditioning, comprising hydrating the seeds in salt or polyethylene glycol solutions. Those treatments can reduce the dormancy period, while preventing emergence of the radicle, or primary root.
Therefore, a need exists to decrease the germination time of seeds following planting ("in situ") and to increase the extent of synchronous germination of said seeds.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a method to accumulate th0 garmination processes of a population of seeds prior to planting, so that the seeds germinate more rapidl~ and with a higher degree of synchronicity after planting than an untreated population of the same seeds. In accord with the present method, the seeds are "cycled" to a critical point just prior to germination by means of application thereto of controlled wetting and drying cycles, over a period called the "critical fluctuation period." The seeds achieve physiological synchronization by the end of tha critical fluctuation period and then germinate rapidly following subsequent reexposure to water. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germination comprising:
(a) contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water so that the moisture content of the xesulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of the initi~l population of seeds;
(b) removing the population of hydrated seeds from contact with liquid water and dehydrating them so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the initial moisture content of the initial population o seeds; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) at least once, to yield a population of seeds having a moisture content that is above the moisture content of the initial population, and is preferably also above that of the population of seeds produced by the prior dehydration (drying) step.
Preferably, the moisture content of each population of hydrated seeds is above that of the prior hydrated population. Thus, the moisture cnntent of both the hydrated and the dehydrated populations is preferably increased in a stepwise fashion over the moisture content of the initial population, until the moisture content of the hydrated population reaches a critical point at which germination will occur. Upon subsequent exposure to liquid water, said final population of dehydrated seeds will hydrate and germinate in substantial synchronicity and in a time period following said subsequent rehydration that is substantially shorter than the time required to germinate said initial population, upon contact with water. For example, upon reexposure to liquid water under ambient conditions, the germination time of the population cycled in accord with the present invention can be reduced to about 16 hours or less, with ger-mination of at least about 90~, e.g., about 97.5-100% of the viable seeds. For some types of grass seed, two cycles of hydration/dehydration (e.g., a-b; a'-b') will be sufficient to achieve effective synchronization and germination acceleration, while other species of grass require as many as 16-20 (a~-(b) cycles to complete the critical fluctuation.
Surprisingly, the present method can be used to improve the ability of older seed to germinate and can rejuvenate seeds with low vigor. The seeds produced in accord with the present invention can also withstand being further dried to air dry moisture content while retaining enhanced synchronization. The rapid germination of the present seeds also reduces their exposure to damping off organisms, such as Pythium spp., thus reducing or eliminating the need to apply fungicides or other chemical treatments to the seeds.
~ he present invention will also be useful in replacing one type of ground cover with a second type of ground cover, particularly in situations in which maintaining an intact layer of cover is important, e.g., to the protection or use of the surface. ~or example in the case of golf courses, it is often necessary to convert from one variety of grass to another, to adjust the characteristics of the grass to seasonal changes in the weather. Conventionally, this is accomplished by heavy overseeding of the old turf, so that the new variety of grass replaces the pxior variety unifor~ly, and-at a sufficient density. However, due to the wide variation in germination times within the population of seed which is applied, much seed is wasted. The present invention yields a population of seed that has been presynchronized with respect to germination, and which will germinate in a reduced period of time, thus ad-vantageously shortening the time that the cours~ cannotbe used. The seeds of the present invention are also useful when it is desired to rapidly cover a bare area of ground, e.g., to protect it against erosion or against the leaching of hazardous residues. The area sought to be protected can be seeded and then exposed to water for one preselected period in order to accomplish the germination of the seeds and initiate growth of the seedlings.
Although the invention is described primarily with respect to grass seeds, it is expected to be generally applicable to the seeds o~ monocots such as the grains, e.g., corn, wheat, barley, oats, rice, sorghum, and rye. Also, the seeds of plants such as orchardgrass, freesia, cashew nuts and fescue and processed plants such as soybeans, beets, carrots, celery, tomatoes, onions, lupins, sunflower and cotton can be improved by the present method. The invention should be particularly effective in species where there is a substantial time interval between maturation and germination of the seeds under natural conditions.
Detailed Description of the Invention Seed synchronization has been achieved with four genotypes of lolium ~ (perennial ryegrass) and with poa annua (annual bluegrass, several genotypes). Generally, seeds that have been stored under various conditions are cycled between liquid and vapor phase aqueous environments. The hydration phase (~ = 0 MPa) is achieved by placing seeds in continuou6 contact with free water.
It is preferred to dehydrate the seeds at a high humidity under conditions at which the seeds are not wetted. This can be achieved by placing seeds in an environment where humidity is closely controlled.
Because the relative humidity in the air of a chamber also containing salt solutions corresponds to a particular water potential, a specific vapor pressure gradient can be achieved above the liquid/ preferably at a water potential of about ~ = -5 MPa to -~0 MPa at ambient conditions (25-27.5OC). For example, the relative humidity at about 26.5OC may be about gO-97~.
This gradient provides a controlled rate of drying and a predictable seed moisture content at any time following introduction of the seeds into the vapor ~drying) phase environment. It should be noted that temperature control is used to avoid condensation due to temperature decrease rather than to prevent temperature increase.
~nbient air pressures are employed.
Seeds are alternated between the two environments for preselected time periods, typically about 8-24 hours. Repeated hydration-dehydration cycling under the appropriate conditions synchronizes seed germination.
Example 1.
Fifty seeds of "DelRay" perennial ryegrass (Northrup King) were subjected to hydration/dehydration cycles at 26.5C. Following 16 hours of hydration on water-saturated blotting paper, the seeds are trans-ferred to a sealed jar where they are floated on a raft on a saturated aqueous potassium nitrate solution (R.H
- 93%, ~ = -10 MPa) for 8 hours at 26.5C. Repeating this procedur0 twice fulfills the critical fluctuation period (2.0 cycles) and 100% of the viable seeds germinate upon reexposure to water at 26.5C overnight.
Example 2.
Figure 1 summarizes the results of repeated f hydration/dehydration cycles on lolium perenne (ryegrass) seeds. The hydration (liquid) cycles were carried out for 16 hrs at 26.5C. The dehydration (vapor) cycles were carried out for 8 hrs at ~ = -10 MPa (26.5C) and at 97~ and 93% relati~e humidity (R.H.), xespectively. The control seeds were continuously hydrated with liquid water at 26.5C and germinated between 40 and 72 hours. The arrows on the plots indi-cate the point at which the first seed germinated. ~ll of the cycled seeds humidified at 93% (16.8.93 plot) germinated during the hydration step between 48 and 62 hrs.
Repeated hydration/dehydration cycles on poa annua (bluegrass) seeds were also carried out. The hydration cycle (liquid) were carried out at 26.5C.
The dehydration (vapor) cycles were carried out at 26.5C (-10 MPa) and at 93% R.H., respectively. The control seeds were continuously hydrated with liquid water at 26.5C.
Table I, below, summarizes the percent germina-tion observed for poa annua seeds which were cycled inaccord with the present method for two hydra-tion:dehydration (liquid:vapor) periods.
Table I
10 TREATMENT CYCLES RESTRICTING GERMINArrION OF Poa annua SEEDS
~cycle = liquid : -10 MPa~
15 LIQUID:VAPOR ~ GERMINATION (%)*--~
~hrsl DURIN& CYCLING FOLLOWING CYCLING
8 : 16 0* 81 8 : 24 0* 72 * Indicates significant difference from control, which had 75% germination between 56-136 hrs of hydration~
a Thirteen hydration/dehydration cycles, followed by c 32 hrs of hydration.
b Ten hydration/dehydration cycles, followed by < 32 hrs of hydration.
The data on Table I demonstrates that the ~0 present method is effective to both delay germination before planting and to synchronize germination upon continuous hydration following cycling.
The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood ~hat many variations and modifications may be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germination comprising, prior to sowing:
(a) contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water until the moisture content of the resulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of said population;
(b) removing the hydrated seeds from contact with the liquid water and dehydrating them so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the moisture content of the initial population of seeds; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) at least once to yield a population of dehydrated, ungerminated seeds.
(a) contacting an initial population of seeds with liquid water until the moisture content of the resulting population of hydrated seeds is higher than the initial moisture content of said population;
(b) removing the hydrated seeds from contact with the liquid water and dehydrating them so that the moisture content is reduced to a level that is above the moisture content of the initial population of seeds; and (c) repeating steps (a)-(b) at least once to yield a population of dehydrated, ungerminated seeds.
2. The method of claim 1 where the moisture content of the dehydrated seeds obtained following step (c) is also higher than that of the previous dehydration step.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the moisture content of each population of hydrated seeds produced in step (c) is above that of the prior hydrated population.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps are carried out under ambient temperatures.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the dehydration is carried out at a water potential of about -5 MPa to -10 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising exposing the dehydrated seed population of step (c) to water until essentially all of the viable seeds germinate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40048989A | 1989-08-30 | 1989-08-30 | |
| US400,489 | 1989-08-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2024110A1 true CA2024110A1 (en) | 1991-03-01 |
Family
ID=23583827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2024110 Abandoned CA2024110A1 (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1990-08-28 | Method for accelerating and synchronizing seed germination |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2024110A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4027308A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2651086B1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL9001892A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE9002745L (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023242462A1 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-21 | Co2 Revolution, S.L. | Composition and method for coating seeds |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005050966A1 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-03 | Grygoriy Karas | Vegetable seed pre-sowing treatment method, involves treating seeds with aerosol of specific composition in course of specific time, moistening seeds in advance, and retaining seeds in course of specific time with specific relative humidity |
| DE102010026591B4 (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2014-04-03 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Method for moistening surfaces of a solid |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN86104076A (en) * | 1985-05-16 | 1986-12-17 | 国家研究发展公司 | Seed treatment |
-
1990
- 1990-08-27 FR FR9010691A patent/FR2651086B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-28 SE SE9002745A patent/SE9002745L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-08-28 CA CA 2024110 patent/CA2024110A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-08-29 DE DE19904027308 patent/DE4027308A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-08-29 NL NL9001892A patent/NL9001892A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023242462A1 (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-12-21 | Co2 Revolution, S.L. | Composition and method for coating seeds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2651086A1 (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| SE9002745L (en) | 1991-03-01 |
| FR2651086B1 (en) | 1994-09-16 |
| NL9001892A (en) | 1991-03-18 |
| DE4027308A1 (en) | 1991-04-04 |
| SE9002745D0 (en) | 1990-08-28 |
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