CA2022193A1 - Method and equipment for loosening and/or winning minerals especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking - Google Patents
Method and equipment for loosening and/or winning minerals especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breakingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2022193A1 CA2022193A1 CA 2022193 CA2022193A CA2022193A1 CA 2022193 A1 CA2022193 A1 CA 2022193A1 CA 2022193 CA2022193 CA 2022193 CA 2022193 A CA2022193 A CA 2022193A CA 2022193 A1 CA2022193 A1 CA 2022193A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- breaking
- drill
- equipment
- compressed air
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000273930 Brevoortia tyrannus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000410690 Roddia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lawrencium atom Chemical compound [Lr] CNQCVBJFEGMYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method for loosening and/or recovering materials such as coal by means of compressed air breaking in which bore holes are made in any direction with continuous drill-flushing and compressed air breaking proceeds with the drilling equipment retained in the bore-hole. The compressed air breaking is performed by the same equipment and in some cases a wetting medium may be injected into the mineral around the bore-hole, and the bore-hole sealed at the collar.
Description
2~2~ ~13 METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR LOOSENING AND/OR WINNING
MINERALS ESPECIALLY COAL AND AGGREGATED MATERIALS BY
USING COMPRESSED AIR BREAKING
Ipari Technologiai Intézet, Budapest 40 %
und Mecseki Szénbanyak, Pécs, 60 %
The invention relates to method and equipmen-t for loosening and/or winning minerals, especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking, According to increase of energy needs worldwide rapid development of mining, especially winning methods can be seen where economy, output increase and protection of health are of basic importance.
With regard to safety viewpoints /especially methane hazard/ the most developed winning method in coal faces is the compressed air loosening and breaking such as the method described in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827. The basic technological operations of such type of extraction are the following:
- drilling a bore-hole - injection of the mineral to be won - operation of breaking equipment subsequent to its instalmen-t into the bore-hole i.e. loosening and breaking.
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- dismounting of -the breaking equipment From the above mentioned operations injection may not happen if conditions of the mineral to be won do not necessitate it, i.e. there is no need for the extracted mineral for dust reasons.
The winning methods using compressed air having the above mentioned technological line of operating in total are work comsuming, circumstantial and of low productivity mainly due the fact that winning operations /drilling, flushing, injecting, instalment and dismounting of the equipment/ necessitate a short period of time while -the related complicated auxiliary operation steps such as instalment-adjustment and dismounting take much longer periods of time that should be all summed since these additional operations are subsequent to each o-ther like connected in series.
This is related with the -fact that when having a conventional type of compressed air breaking, than drilling, injecting and breaking equipment are installed and dismounted one after each other.
For increasing the efficiency of air breaking operations several resolutions exist. One of them as described in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827 is when series of compressed air breaking units are built into the bore-hole with self-controlled -time-delay and the outlet openings are directed opposite to the advance direction of the face whereby the compressed air has a concentrated impact in the given direc-tion. Another resolution as described in the Russian Patent No. 934 915 the downward drilled hole is filled wi-th water and ~3~ ~22~ ~
breaking is completed under water by using conventional type of explosives where this uncompressible medium transfers pressure waves of the explosion directly to the coal face thus increasing the efficiency of shotfiring. By having an uphill hole this method cannot be used in this form but the question arises what way this transmission role of the uncompressible liquid can be ensured for increasing the efficiency of compressed air breaking operation.
It is another problem in the above men-tioned technology that drilling of deep or long holes by using the present drill rod constructions is very difficult especially if straightness has to be also ensured. It is easy to see if e.y. by having a bore-hole longer than 4-6 m completed by a 63 mm dia drill bit, the thin spiral drill rods may partly decline, partly swing during rotation therefore the drill bit is not rota-ted around a strai.ght axis so the hole diameter is much bigger than required.
Declination of the drill rod when rotating gives the same result when hîtting the wall of the bore. The increased diameter and the curved geometry of the bore-hole reduce the working efficiency of the high pressure breaking unit and the length as well.
The task to be solved by the invention is to eliminate problems mentioned above, nameIy to increase -the efficiency of high pressure air loosening and breaking especially by shortening the period needed for -the time-consuming auxiliary operations and to increase the efficiency of drilling and loosening to any direction and any length.
4 ~ 3 The basis of -the invention is the recogni-tion that inner space of drill rods can be used for placing compressed air breaklng units, furthermore drill-flushing and injecting pipes into it, so that by performing different breaking operation steps done simultaneously, subsequen-t and summed auxiliary periods of time can be eliminated; furthermore the injecting medium can be also used as pressure transmitting medium to increase the efficiency of loosening-breaking performed by compressed air.
According to the invention the determined task is resolved basically by a method where a bore-hole is made by using permanent drill-flushing during which, in certain cases , a wetting medium is injected into the mineral to be won then by leaving the drilling unit in the hole the same equipment is used for compressed air breakingO
Winning can be particularly efficient if the bore-hole is sealed at its collar and its environment is filled by pressurized injecting liquid through the drilling-breaking equipment and the compressed air breaking is performed within the bore-hole filled with said liquid.
According to an advantageous version of the invention the drill-flushing is performed by a hydraulic flushing medium led through the interior o~ the drilling-breaking equipment separately from the high pressure compressed air.
However, such an implication can also be realized where drill-flushing is done by compressed air at a "normal"
pressure /normal pressure means a pressure of 0,1-3,0 -5- 2~ 3 MPa thz control engineering/ of 0,6-1,0 MPa, the flusching air is practically led through the same way as the high-pressure compressed air and the compressed air breaking itself is done after completing the drilling, the drill-flushing and remote sealing of the top section of flush passage towards the drill bit.
The eguipment suitable for implemen-ting the method according to the invention consisting of a drill bit, drill extension units, a drill-rotating device and compressed air breaking units known per se is developed, according to the invention, so that tubular breaking mantles of the breaking units provided with blow openings and their tubular compressed air reservoirs are designed as drill extansion units and -there is a flush passage through the breaking units.
One possible embodiment of the invention is when flush passage is designed as a flush pipe of pipe sections suitable for leading a hydraulic flushing medium separately from the high-presssure breaking air flow, favourably led through the pistons' cen-ter line of the breaking units.
Another favourable embodiment of the invention does not necessitate the introduction of a separate flush pipe because normal flushing air - as flushing medium - is practically led through the same way as the high-pressure compressed air for breaking. For closing the flush passage an appropriate flow control unit should be built in between -the drill bit and the neighbouring breaking unit, said flow control unit consists of a connecting rod threaded to the drill bit, a connecting shell and a slide valve that can be slided along the ,' . ' . ' .
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axis within the inner tube of the connecting shell, having a lateral bypass bore at the bottom end and supported by a spring where there is a ball check valve placed in the connecting rod, and a guide slot arranged that works together with a dog coupling thus allowing the remote turnover within the connecting shell and axial displacement of the connecting rod.
This embodiment has a further advantage that blow openings are closed except from operation so the inner structure is protected from dirt causing blocking~
from the other hand it can be started several times during one installation that is particularly favourable when loosening aggregated or solid material in wagons and bunkers. The above mentioned is enabled by the piston of the breaking units supported by a spring whithin a connecting element connecting a compressed air reservoir with a breaking man-tle, this piston is operated as a monostabile valve within which the flush passage consists of two sections connected to each other, in one of them there is a ball check valve placed to control the flow of the flushing medium between the two sections, moreover the starting unit is expressly designed in a manner to enable only starting.
Bore-hole straightness, hereby instalment of a breaking equipment at any length can be ensured so that diameter of breaking units implemented as drill extension units with straight wall almost achieves the diamater of the drill bit.
By means of the resolution according to the inven-tion certain basic operations of the winning procedure drill-flushing, injecting, filling up by water, .
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breaking/ are summed up for eliminating auxiliary periods of time needed for instalment and dismounting, hereby increasing the efficiency of loosening/breaking procedure, furthermore to increase the breaking efficiency tu great extent in a bore-hole filled by hidraulic medium.
The inven-tion will now be described more detailed by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig.l shows the theoretical structure of a breaking unit of a combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention in longitudinal sectional view along the axis, Fig.2 shows one possible embodiment of the equipment according to the invention in longitudinal section;
Fig.3 sho~s a theoretical structure and layout of a drilling-breaking equipment as shown in Fig. 2 in a bore-hole;
Fig.4 shows another possible embodiment of the theoretical structure and layout of the equipment according to the invention in a a bore-hole;
Fig.5 shows the top section of the equipmen-t shown in Fig.4 together with a drill bit and the flow control unit closing the flush passage in longitudinal section;
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`" -8- 2~2~ ~ ~3 Fig.6 shows the A-A line section of Fig.5;
Fig.7 shows a breaking uni-t of the equipment shown in Fig.4 in a longitudinal section;
Fig.B shows a B-B line sectior, of Fig.7;
Fig.9 sho~s the starting unit of the equipment shown in Fig.4 in longitudinal section;
Fig.10 shows the bottom part cf the equipment shown in Fig.4 in longitudinal, section.
The combined drilling-breaking equipment shown in the drawings is according to the invention suitable for drilling, drill flushing durinc, drilling and/or injecting, furthermore for breaking by high pressure compressed air as well.
Acco`rding to the invention a possible embodiment of the equipment consists o,f series of breaking units shown in Fig.l where a breaking unit comprises a tubular reservoir 1 capable of receiving high-pressure compressed air and a breaking head 2. ~he breaking head 2 consists of a breaking mantle 4 provided with a blow opening 3, a piston 5 and a check valve built into the piston 5 and the breaking mantle 4 is connected to the reservoir 1 by a threaded connecting element 7. The displacement of the piston 5 is limited downwards by a valve support 8 that has a conical surface ~ while the the connecting element 7 below the piston 5 is provided with a socket 1~ that works as an air brake of the piston. Besi~es the connecting element 7 is .~
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supplied with axial channels 11 ensuring the flow of compressed air signed by white arrows 13. The task of the breaking unit known ~er se and described above is to provide control flow of the high-pressure compressed air.
~ Within the breaking unit, reasonably in i-ts center line, sealed and separated from the high-pressure area there is a pipe section 12 providing the flow of flushing and/or injecting medium.
Breaking units of op-tional number developed this way can be assembled to a combined drilling-breaking equipment where there is a drill bit 14 fastened to the reservoir of the first /innermost/ breaking unit as seen in Fig.3 and the reservoirs of the ; individual breaking units 16 work as extended drill rods. From the pipe sections 12 of the breaking units flush water pipe 17 can be formed that transports flushing water to the drill bit 14 for removing the crushed and extracted mineral during drilling and works as dedusting medium as well.
There is a starting unit 18 built to the last section of the combined drilling-breaking equipment set up from series of breaking units for having connection to the high-prssure compressed air network and for starting the breaking process.
~I The drilling device consisting of the drill bit 14 and breaking units working as extendable drill rods connec-ted to it is operated by the drill-rotating device 1~ connected to the last breaking unit, in the final phase to the starting unit 18.
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The operational principle of the combined drilling-breaking equipment, according -to the inven-tion, is the following on the basis of Figs.l and 3:
The drill-rotating device 19 is placed into the in-seam roadway or face established along the mineral or coal to be won or into an opening specially driven for -this reason and the /innermost/ first breaking unit 15 provided with the drill bit 14 is mounted -to it. Using the pull of the drill-rotating device 19 whilst providing flushing water to the drill bit 1~ -through the flush water pipe 17 the first section of the bore-hole is bored in a lenght of 1-2 m determined by the given length of the breaking units.
After this a breaking unit 16 is mounted between -the drill-rotating device 19 and the first breaking unit 15 in such way that the breaking mantle ~ of the first breaking unit 15 is threaded through the connecting element 7 to the reservoir 1 of the following breaking unit 16 whilst pipe sections 12 of -the subsequent braking units 15, 16 within the threaded connecting element 7 are connected to each other having a length equal to length of the connected breaking units, i.e. the pull of the drill-rotating device 19. By means of the mechnism extended this way another 1-2 m long drill section is bored together with continuous flushing. This procedure is continuous by mounting further breaking units 16 and flush water pipe sections until the required breaking length is not achieved.
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After completing the drilling of the bore-hole as described above compressed air breaking is performed, with injection interposed if necessary, in a way known 2 ~ ~ ~
per se, such as described in the Hungarian Patent No.
186 827 by self-con-trolled time-delay operation of -the breaking units.
Coal seams or mineral between two entries can be won with high efficiency and without creating excessive amount of dust by using -the method and equipment this way according to the invention.
According to a more favourable embodiment of the invention the bore-hole is sealed by a packing device 20 placed ahead of the starting unit 18 then injection is performed by pressurized water during which the bore-hole and its environment is filled up wi-th water.
in consequence the efficiency of breaking and loosening increases significantly since the water - being uncompressible - transmits directly the pressure waves to the coal face or minerals.
Fig.2 shows a combined drilling-breaking equipment suitable for implementing this procedure. The construction shown is both suitable for drill-flushing and/or injecting during drilling, for filling up the bore-hole with water, furthermore for breaking with high-pressure compressed air.
The breaking unit of the equipment seen in Fig.2 consists of a compressed air reservoir 21 and a breaking head 22 having a breaking mantle 24 provided with a blow opening 23. The breaking mantle 24 is connected by a threaded connecting element 27 to the reservoir 21. For connection to the reservoir 211 of the neighbouring breaking unit there are slots designed at the bo-ttom part of the breaking mantle 24 -12~ 22~3 that are connec-ted -to ribs 35 of a joint 34 threaded to the reservoir 21' such way that the breaking mantle 24 and the joint 34 are pushed into each other as seen then turn off by 90 degrees to one another by which sealing towards the environment is ensured by packing elements 36. There is a piston 25 mounted into the breaking mantle 24, dividing spaces of the reservoirs' 21 and 21', There are one or more axial bores 37 designed through the piston 25 enabling -the flow of compressed air signed by white arrows 13 from the lower reservoir 21' up to the reservoir 21 during aggregating compressed air into the breaking equipment. There is a check valve 26 mounted into the 37 bore/s/ consisting of a threaded seat 38, a ball 39 and a ball support 4û.
The piston 25 seals the upper reservoir 21 from the lower reservoir 21' and the environment by means of a valve support 28 and gasket rings 41 where the valve support 28 is fastened between a gasket ring 42 and the connecting element 27.
Inside the breaking unit, basically in its centre line there is a pipe section 32 forming a flush wa-ter pipe 17 that forms an assembly unit together with the given breaking unit connected by a thread at a gasket ring 43, while sealing against pipe section 32 of another breaking unit and inner space of the reservoir 21 is ensuired by packing elements 44 and 45.
Sealing of the reservoir 21 against the enviroment is ensured by packing elements 46, whilst the connecting element 27 within the breaking mantle 24 is sealed against the environment by a packing element 47.
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The embodiment of the cornbined drilling-breaking equipment as shown in Fig.2 /in an arrangement according to Fig.3/ is operated as follows:
The equipment is penetrated into the seam to be won and /or loosened according to the direction and method of mining accordingly to the length of pull. Drilling into the seam to be breaked and/or loosened is performed by means of a special drilllng equipment or a standard drilling equipment adjusted for this purpose.
For performing the drilling the drill bit 1~ is mounted to the first /innermost/ breaking unit 15 in the penetrating direction of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention. This first breaking unit 15 is put onto the drill-rotating device 19 then connected and by operating the drill-rotating device 19 penetration is started into the mineral to be breaked and/or loosened to a depth according to the length of the first breaking unit 15.
The first breaking unit 15 is fixed in the depth achieved. during penetration then it is disconnected from the drill-rotating device 19. The drill-rotatiny device 19 is set back into start position thus preparing for further penetration by using intermediate extension rods. Then the following breaking unit 16 is put onto the drill-rotating device 19, at ths same time connected to the first breaking unit 15 then the procedure is similar to described above. According to the required breaking and/or loosening depth fur-ther breaking units 16 of optional number as extension rods are used for drilling into .
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-the mineral to be breaked and/or loosened. By approaching the planned breaking and/or loosening depth by the length of one breaking unit a starting unit 18 is connected to the drilling-breaking equiprnent as the last breaking unit then penetration proceeds as above.
After penetrating of the starting unit 18 a mechanical and/or hydraulical and/or pneumatical packing device 20 is connected to it in such way that tha-t packing device is put into its established sealing position at the mouth of the bore-hole.
Afterwards the drilling-breaking equipment is fastened to the support structure, it is disconnected from the drill-rotating device 19 that is set back to start position. Straightness of the completed bore-hole is ensured by the structural design of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention.
Borings generated during drilling are removed by inlet or outlet water flow 29, 30-shown in Fig. 2 and/or by air flushing.
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After this, as it can be seen in Fig.3, the hole 53 generated around the drilling-breaking equipment during penetration is filled by water an/or other natural or artificial material through an isolating valve 50, a check valve 51 and a connec-ting device 52 connec-ted to the packing device 20 -to -the extent until the filling medium appears through the flush water pipe 17, then the isolating valve 55 will be closed on the flush water pipe 17. The hole 53 is held under pressure this way ensuring the sealing of the hole 53 around the combined drilling-breaking equipment from the mine opening and the refill of medium leaking from the hole 53. This way the ., - - ~ ' , ~ .
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equipment according to the invention is satisfactorily prepared for breaking and/or loosening.
After this the drilling-breaking equipment is connected via high-pressure hose 56 with a breaking valve 57 behind a safety distance that is connected to a high-pressure pipeline 58. The hih-pressure air flows throughthe breaking valve in the derection signed by arrows 13 to the breaking untis of the combined drilling-breaking equipment subsequently filling them -to the pressure needed for breaking that is limited by a pressure limiting disc 59 on the starting unit 18. Bursting of the pressure limiting disc 59 start the breaking process, i.e. the starting up of the breaking heads 22; by having a downward displacement of the pistons 25 the blow openings 23, subsequently by self-controlled delay, are disengaged and high pressure air blows out from the reservoirs 1. The breaking process starts from the starting unit 18 through the intermediate breaking units 16 to the innermost breaking unit 15 in the bore-hole.
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The structural design of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention excludes the possibility that in working order flushing medium can appear in the reservoirs 1 for compressed air or medium for filling the hole 53, furthermore -the possibility is also excluded to have pressure within the drilling-breaking equipment after breaking or inevitable inter-ruption of breaking since in case of interrupting the process due to the special design of the breaking valve 57 the equipment is automatically drained.
The embodiment as seen in Fig.4 is very similar in outlook and structure to the drilling-breaking equipment . ~ ;
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. ~ , , ' ~., 6 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 seen in Fig.3, only the inner structure shows significant differences as shown in the following figures. This embodiment where for drill-flushing, instead of hydraulic medium, norrnal pressure flushing air is used /practically 0,6-1,0 MPa/, is especially suitable for loosening solid or aggregated materaly since it can be operated several times during one installation. This embodiment consists of a drill bit 60, a compressed air breaking unit 61 working as drill extension connected one to another, a starting unit 62 and a drill-rotating device 63. It can be clearly seen that for preventing the stick out of the drill rod the breaking 61 units designed as drill extensions have a diamater almost achieving that of drill bit 60.
Distinction must be made to the embodiment what can be seen in Fig. 3 that between the drill bit 60 and the nearest breaking unit 61 there is a flow control unit 64 mounted for closing the flush passage to the drill bit 60 that enables the high-pressure compressed air -to take the same way as the normal pressure flushing air signed by arrow 65 after completing drilling or drill-flushing by closing the upmost part of the flush passage. At the bottom the starting unit 62 is connected through extension rods 66 to the drill-rotating device 66.
The equipment seen in Fig 4 is basically operated in such way that the drill-rotating device 63 is turned from the network inlet air connection 67 to the direction of the arrow 69 by opening a closing valve 68 and started for feed to the direction of an arrow 70~ By opening a closing valve 71 at the same time the fll~shing air is flowing through the flow control unit 64 and the drill bit 60 in the direction of arrows 73 together with -the -17~ 22~3 borings. The dill-rotating device , 63, after drilling the length of a breaking unit 61 formed as drill extension, is operated to pull back in the direction of an arrow 74 by opening a closing valve 75, whils-t closing valves 68 and 71 are closed subsequen-tly to holding the previous piece /breaking unit-extension rod/ in the drilled up position by a drill gate fastener 76. By placing further breaking unit drill rods this procedure is repeated until the required drill length is achieved. In the upper end position of feeds, flushing can be performed through the blow openings 78 of the breaking uni-ts 61 by operating a valve 77 in order to prevent the borings 72 to get accumulated. For this the upmost part of the flush passage leading to the drill bit 60 is closed by means of the flow control unit 64. The las-t pieces /breaking unit-dill extensions/ take the starting unit 62 and the extension rods 66 along as well. For sectional flushing and closing the flushing air of the drill bit 60 by the flow control unit 64 /described later/ the reverse operation of the drill-rotating device 63 in the direction of the arrow 79 is used. After completing the drilling and fastening the installed equipment this way, loosening or breaking of -the material can be performed by opening the breaking valve 57 connected to the pipeline 58.
Detailed structure of the equipment as seen in Fig.4 can be acquainted from Fig.5-10.
Fig.5 shows the drill bit 60 and the flow control unit 64 which is capable for remote sealing of the flush passage ` leading to the drill bit 60. As it can be seen in Fig.5, the drill bit 60 is threaded to a connecting rod 80 as part of the flow control unit 64 that can be axially ~.~
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~ --18- ~2~ 3 moved and turned within a connecting shell 81, within bars allowed by a dog coupling 83 guided within a guide slot 82 of the connecting rod 80. There is a ball 84 mounted within the connecting rod 80 working as a check valve supported by a seat 85. Another part of the flow control unit 64 is a slide valve 87 with a central bore 86 that is arranged underneath in the inner cylindrical hole of the connecting shell 81 and res-ting with its top to the end of the connecting rod 80. The slide valve 87 is supported through a nut 88 and a fastening nut 89 by a spring 90 that is placed on the built-in spring support 92 of the reservoir 91 of the breaking uni-t 61 next to the drill bit 60 where the reservoir 91 is threaded to the connecting shell 81. There are lateral /radial/ bypass bores 93 provided at the bo-ttom end of the slide valve 87 in connection with the central bore 86. There is a dust guard 95 provided with a gasket 94 mounted outside to the connecting shell 81 thus preventing the dust getting onto mobile surfaces. A gasket 96 separates the reservoir 91 from the outer area while for stopping the flow of flushing air there is a gasket 97 mounted outside to the slide valve 87 at -the lower part of inner space of the connecting shell 81.
During drilling the hole is flushed by compressed air under normal pressure 0,6-1,0 MPa through the breaking units 61, the bore of the spring support 92, the bypass bores 93 of the slide valve 87 to the drill bit 60. After completing drilling when high-pressure air has to be used for breaking, the dog coupling 83 is displaced in the guide slot 82, by reverse turning of the drill-rotating device 63 to the direction of the arrow 79 then pulling back the whole equipment to the direction of the arrow 74 in such way that the spring 90 pulls forward slide valve ~ ~ 2 ~
87 together wi-th the connec-ting rod 80 so -the bypass bores 93 of the slide valve B7 will be over the gasket 97; thus way of the air flow is sealed off towards the drill bit 60 and reservoirs 91 of the breaking units 61 can be filled with high-pressure /60-80 MPa/ air then released for loosening or breaking.
The breaking unit 61 /see Fig.7/ of the equipment shown in Fig.4 significantly differs from the breaking unit 15 or rather from the breaking heads 2 or 22 seen in Figs.
1. or 2.
The breaking head 98 of the breaking unit 61 can be considered prac-tically as a quick-release valve used in control technique where a check valve is built into its mobile part /piston/.
This embodiment was necessary because - it separates the inner space bf the breaking unit from the environment this way pr~venting the appearance of borings andtor the material to be loosened onto the sealing surfaces thus enabling unrestricted repetition of the loosening operation by one instalment without the necessity of cleaning /this is of vital importance e.g.
when loosening material in bunkers or wagons/, - the construction of the breaking head according to the ,sample provides the minimum resistance ~or the air flow.
The construction of former compressed air breaking heads could not provide fully closed state in start position ;therefore the system contaminated and could not be re-used without dismounting. Opening pressure /depending on adjustment/ of the check valve supported by a spring that ~`:
~ ' "" ~ ' "~' ~2~3 is placed into the piston of former breaking heads used to be 0 15-0 2 MPa after connec-ting two pieces two pieces together the choke generated i5 50 high that normal pressure flushing air cannot flow to the drill bit therefore unsuitable for drilling. The same resistance 0 1-0,2 MPa per piston-by using quick filling /15-20 sec/ for loosening-breaking rneans a significant reduction in efficiency. Due to the heavy resistance the working pressure in the starting unit can be 30-40 percent higher in the moment of starting /bursting the pressure limi-ting disc/ than of the innermost piece. The fur-ther from the starting unit the smaller the working capacity is in the breaking unit. For eliminating these problems the breaking unit 61 has been developed as seen in Fig.7.
The breaking unit 61 consists of a reservoir 91 and a breaking head 98 where the reservoir 91 and the breaking mantle 99 of the breaking head 98 is threaded together in such way that there is a conical seat 100 between them.
A spring 101 on the seat lnO provides a steady support for the quick-release valve 102 covering the blow opening 78 within the breaking mantle 99.
The spring 101 threaded to the breaking mantle 99 is supported by a spring box 104, at the same time the breaking mantle 99 is connected to the reservoir 91' of the next breaking unit 61 through a threaded connecting element 103.
There is a ball check valve mounted into a central blind hole 105 of the quick-release valve 102 a seat 107 of which supporting a ball 106 is fixed by a fastening screw 108.
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As shown in Fig.8 along the periphery of the central blind hole 105 there are three axial connecting bores 109 with equal spacing having a lateral connection with the central blind hole 105 this way the way of air flow /that works as a flush passage as well/ is divided into two sections within the quick-release valve 102.
Sealed separation of inner and outer spaces in ensured by gaskets 110, 111 and 112.
The operational principle of the breaking unit 61 as shown in Fig.7 is the following. During drilling or flushing of the drill bit 60 there is free way for the flushing air towards the drill bit 60 since the normal pressure flushing air esily lifts off the ball 106 from the seat 107 with minimum loss of energy and pushes it to the end of the cen-tral blind hole 105 then flows towards the drill bit 60 through the connecting bores 109 while the blow opening 78 remains closed, During breaking the high-pressure compressed air takes the same route within the breaking units 61, but due to the closed state of the flush passage as descrlbed with Fig,5, the reservoirs 91 will be filled up and effected by the pressure drop caused by the starting unit 62 -the quick-release valves 102 subseque,ntly fall down to the spring box 104 agains-t the strength of the spring 101 thus making the blow openings 7B free from where the breaking air is released, After releasingthe breaking air the spring 101 sets the quick-release valve 102 to start position that closes the blow opening 78 and if necessary the equipment can be restarted again.
The starting unit 62 shown in Fig,~ can be connected to .
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the above placed breaking units 61 -together with the 66 extension rod threaded by the connector 113 to it before completing the planned drill :Length.
There is a cutting ring 114 placed laterally into the starting unit 62 that fixes a pressure-limiting disc 115 sealed by its sharp flange, at the same time the starting unit 62 is sealed from -the outer space by a gasket 116.
It has to be mentioned that the starting unit 62 and extension rods 66 as used in the equipment in Fig. 4 and described in detail in Fig.Y are significantly different from similar elements used in previous equipments such as seen in the equipment in Fiy. ~. Among others the most important difference is that the starting unit 62 has only a starting function. This enables its geometric size to be equal with the size of the breaking units 61 -thus easily can be forwarded -to any section of the bore-hole.
On the other hand former embodiment of the equipment necessitated hole enlargement and filling the gap until the required length of pulling. It is easy to see the hole enlargement results in significant efficiency reduction by breaking since the energy fed in is lost in the increased bore.
As described above the starting unit 62 together with -the extension rod/s/ 66 connected in series provide/s/ a significant choke /e.g. drill bit dia 63 mm, extension rod dia 60 mm/ this increases the efficiency of breaking.
The starting unit 62 as mentioned can be extended by the threaded connector 113 to -the extension rod 66 within which a pipehose 118 matched by means of gaskets 117 the supply of flushing or breaking air. Further extensions of - .. . .
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-23- 2~ 3 the extension rod 66 can be repeated until achieving the length required by adding pieces consisting of the threaded connector 113, the pipehose llB and the extension rod 66.
Final piece of instalment as shown in Fig. 10 the hose 56 fastened to a connecting head 120 mounted in a guard pipe 119 that has to be connected to the breaking valve 57 when loosening-breaking. The drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention can be fastened to the entry support by means of fastening links 121.
The method and equipment described in connection wi-th Figs.4-10 has significant technical advantages if compared to present technique or even to the solutions described in connection with Fig.1-3. In previous solutions such as in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827 not valves in closed start position are connected subsequently /in series/ but instabile pistons so closing or sealed position of the blow openings is achieved as common effect of the spring-loaded check valve and inlet air, therefore inner space, of the breaking units are contaminated after breaking thus unsuitable for repetition or installaion at a permanent state, therefore can be used for loosening in bunkers or wagons only after dismounting, cleaning and reinstalment.
'rhe sys-tem described in connection with Figs.~-10, according to control engineering terminology, is a connection in series of mono-stabile valves, i.e. quick-release valves with closed start position which enables the quick re-lock after air release /loosening/ -tha~t prevents inside contamination of the breaking units.
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-24- %~ 3 It should be noted that filling up the bore-hole with injection liquid and breaking in a filled-up bore-hole can be performed with the embodiment as described in connection with Figs.4-lû 9 bu-t in -this case the liquid is introduced not through the drilling-breaking equipment, but through the packing device 20 sealing the collar directly into the gap between the drilling-breaking equipment and the wall of the hole.
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MINERALS ESPECIALLY COAL AND AGGREGATED MATERIALS BY
USING COMPRESSED AIR BREAKING
Ipari Technologiai Intézet, Budapest 40 %
und Mecseki Szénbanyak, Pécs, 60 %
The invention relates to method and equipmen-t for loosening and/or winning minerals, especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking, According to increase of energy needs worldwide rapid development of mining, especially winning methods can be seen where economy, output increase and protection of health are of basic importance.
With regard to safety viewpoints /especially methane hazard/ the most developed winning method in coal faces is the compressed air loosening and breaking such as the method described in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827. The basic technological operations of such type of extraction are the following:
- drilling a bore-hole - injection of the mineral to be won - operation of breaking equipment subsequent to its instalmen-t into the bore-hole i.e. loosening and breaking.
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- dismounting of -the breaking equipment From the above mentioned operations injection may not happen if conditions of the mineral to be won do not necessitate it, i.e. there is no need for the extracted mineral for dust reasons.
The winning methods using compressed air having the above mentioned technological line of operating in total are work comsuming, circumstantial and of low productivity mainly due the fact that winning operations /drilling, flushing, injecting, instalment and dismounting of the equipment/ necessitate a short period of time while -the related complicated auxiliary operation steps such as instalment-adjustment and dismounting take much longer periods of time that should be all summed since these additional operations are subsequent to each o-ther like connected in series.
This is related with the -fact that when having a conventional type of compressed air breaking, than drilling, injecting and breaking equipment are installed and dismounted one after each other.
For increasing the efficiency of air breaking operations several resolutions exist. One of them as described in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827 is when series of compressed air breaking units are built into the bore-hole with self-controlled -time-delay and the outlet openings are directed opposite to the advance direction of the face whereby the compressed air has a concentrated impact in the given direc-tion. Another resolution as described in the Russian Patent No. 934 915 the downward drilled hole is filled wi-th water and ~3~ ~22~ ~
breaking is completed under water by using conventional type of explosives where this uncompressible medium transfers pressure waves of the explosion directly to the coal face thus increasing the efficiency of shotfiring. By having an uphill hole this method cannot be used in this form but the question arises what way this transmission role of the uncompressible liquid can be ensured for increasing the efficiency of compressed air breaking operation.
It is another problem in the above men-tioned technology that drilling of deep or long holes by using the present drill rod constructions is very difficult especially if straightness has to be also ensured. It is easy to see if e.y. by having a bore-hole longer than 4-6 m completed by a 63 mm dia drill bit, the thin spiral drill rods may partly decline, partly swing during rotation therefore the drill bit is not rota-ted around a strai.ght axis so the hole diameter is much bigger than required.
Declination of the drill rod when rotating gives the same result when hîtting the wall of the bore. The increased diameter and the curved geometry of the bore-hole reduce the working efficiency of the high pressure breaking unit and the length as well.
The task to be solved by the invention is to eliminate problems mentioned above, nameIy to increase -the efficiency of high pressure air loosening and breaking especially by shortening the period needed for -the time-consuming auxiliary operations and to increase the efficiency of drilling and loosening to any direction and any length.
4 ~ 3 The basis of -the invention is the recogni-tion that inner space of drill rods can be used for placing compressed air breaklng units, furthermore drill-flushing and injecting pipes into it, so that by performing different breaking operation steps done simultaneously, subsequen-t and summed auxiliary periods of time can be eliminated; furthermore the injecting medium can be also used as pressure transmitting medium to increase the efficiency of loosening-breaking performed by compressed air.
According to the invention the determined task is resolved basically by a method where a bore-hole is made by using permanent drill-flushing during which, in certain cases , a wetting medium is injected into the mineral to be won then by leaving the drilling unit in the hole the same equipment is used for compressed air breakingO
Winning can be particularly efficient if the bore-hole is sealed at its collar and its environment is filled by pressurized injecting liquid through the drilling-breaking equipment and the compressed air breaking is performed within the bore-hole filled with said liquid.
According to an advantageous version of the invention the drill-flushing is performed by a hydraulic flushing medium led through the interior o~ the drilling-breaking equipment separately from the high pressure compressed air.
However, such an implication can also be realized where drill-flushing is done by compressed air at a "normal"
pressure /normal pressure means a pressure of 0,1-3,0 -5- 2~ 3 MPa thz control engineering/ of 0,6-1,0 MPa, the flusching air is practically led through the same way as the high-pressure compressed air and the compressed air breaking itself is done after completing the drilling, the drill-flushing and remote sealing of the top section of flush passage towards the drill bit.
The eguipment suitable for implemen-ting the method according to the invention consisting of a drill bit, drill extension units, a drill-rotating device and compressed air breaking units known per se is developed, according to the invention, so that tubular breaking mantles of the breaking units provided with blow openings and their tubular compressed air reservoirs are designed as drill extansion units and -there is a flush passage through the breaking units.
One possible embodiment of the invention is when flush passage is designed as a flush pipe of pipe sections suitable for leading a hydraulic flushing medium separately from the high-presssure breaking air flow, favourably led through the pistons' cen-ter line of the breaking units.
Another favourable embodiment of the invention does not necessitate the introduction of a separate flush pipe because normal flushing air - as flushing medium - is practically led through the same way as the high-pressure compressed air for breaking. For closing the flush passage an appropriate flow control unit should be built in between -the drill bit and the neighbouring breaking unit, said flow control unit consists of a connecting rod threaded to the drill bit, a connecting shell and a slide valve that can be slided along the ,' . ' . ' .
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axis within the inner tube of the connecting shell, having a lateral bypass bore at the bottom end and supported by a spring where there is a ball check valve placed in the connecting rod, and a guide slot arranged that works together with a dog coupling thus allowing the remote turnover within the connecting shell and axial displacement of the connecting rod.
This embodiment has a further advantage that blow openings are closed except from operation so the inner structure is protected from dirt causing blocking~
from the other hand it can be started several times during one installation that is particularly favourable when loosening aggregated or solid material in wagons and bunkers. The above mentioned is enabled by the piston of the breaking units supported by a spring whithin a connecting element connecting a compressed air reservoir with a breaking man-tle, this piston is operated as a monostabile valve within which the flush passage consists of two sections connected to each other, in one of them there is a ball check valve placed to control the flow of the flushing medium between the two sections, moreover the starting unit is expressly designed in a manner to enable only starting.
Bore-hole straightness, hereby instalment of a breaking equipment at any length can be ensured so that diameter of breaking units implemented as drill extension units with straight wall almost achieves the diamater of the drill bit.
By means of the resolution according to the inven-tion certain basic operations of the winning procedure drill-flushing, injecting, filling up by water, .
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breaking/ are summed up for eliminating auxiliary periods of time needed for instalment and dismounting, hereby increasing the efficiency of loosening/breaking procedure, furthermore to increase the breaking efficiency tu great extent in a bore-hole filled by hidraulic medium.
The inven-tion will now be described more detailed by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig.l shows the theoretical structure of a breaking unit of a combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention in longitudinal sectional view along the axis, Fig.2 shows one possible embodiment of the equipment according to the invention in longitudinal section;
Fig.3 sho~s a theoretical structure and layout of a drilling-breaking equipment as shown in Fig. 2 in a bore-hole;
Fig.4 shows another possible embodiment of the theoretical structure and layout of the equipment according to the invention in a a bore-hole;
Fig.5 shows the top section of the equipmen-t shown in Fig.4 together with a drill bit and the flow control unit closing the flush passage in longitudinal section;
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`" -8- 2~2~ ~ ~3 Fig.6 shows the A-A line section of Fig.5;
Fig.7 shows a breaking uni-t of the equipment shown in Fig.4 in a longitudinal section;
Fig.B shows a B-B line sectior, of Fig.7;
Fig.9 sho~s the starting unit of the equipment shown in Fig.4 in longitudinal section;
Fig.10 shows the bottom part cf the equipment shown in Fig.4 in longitudinal, section.
The combined drilling-breaking equipment shown in the drawings is according to the invention suitable for drilling, drill flushing durinc, drilling and/or injecting, furthermore for breaking by high pressure compressed air as well.
Acco`rding to the invention a possible embodiment of the equipment consists o,f series of breaking units shown in Fig.l where a breaking unit comprises a tubular reservoir 1 capable of receiving high-pressure compressed air and a breaking head 2. ~he breaking head 2 consists of a breaking mantle 4 provided with a blow opening 3, a piston 5 and a check valve built into the piston 5 and the breaking mantle 4 is connected to the reservoir 1 by a threaded connecting element 7. The displacement of the piston 5 is limited downwards by a valve support 8 that has a conical surface ~ while the the connecting element 7 below the piston 5 is provided with a socket 1~ that works as an air brake of the piston. Besi~es the connecting element 7 is .~
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supplied with axial channels 11 ensuring the flow of compressed air signed by white arrows 13. The task of the breaking unit known ~er se and described above is to provide control flow of the high-pressure compressed air.
~ Within the breaking unit, reasonably in i-ts center line, sealed and separated from the high-pressure area there is a pipe section 12 providing the flow of flushing and/or injecting medium.
Breaking units of op-tional number developed this way can be assembled to a combined drilling-breaking equipment where there is a drill bit 14 fastened to the reservoir of the first /innermost/ breaking unit as seen in Fig.3 and the reservoirs of the ; individual breaking units 16 work as extended drill rods. From the pipe sections 12 of the breaking units flush water pipe 17 can be formed that transports flushing water to the drill bit 14 for removing the crushed and extracted mineral during drilling and works as dedusting medium as well.
There is a starting unit 18 built to the last section of the combined drilling-breaking equipment set up from series of breaking units for having connection to the high-prssure compressed air network and for starting the breaking process.
~I The drilling device consisting of the drill bit 14 and breaking units working as extendable drill rods connec-ted to it is operated by the drill-rotating device 1~ connected to the last breaking unit, in the final phase to the starting unit 18.
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The operational principle of the combined drilling-breaking equipment, according -to the inven-tion, is the following on the basis of Figs.l and 3:
The drill-rotating device 19 is placed into the in-seam roadway or face established along the mineral or coal to be won or into an opening specially driven for -this reason and the /innermost/ first breaking unit 15 provided with the drill bit 14 is mounted -to it. Using the pull of the drill-rotating device 19 whilst providing flushing water to the drill bit 1~ -through the flush water pipe 17 the first section of the bore-hole is bored in a lenght of 1-2 m determined by the given length of the breaking units.
After this a breaking unit 16 is mounted between -the drill-rotating device 19 and the first breaking unit 15 in such way that the breaking mantle ~ of the first breaking unit 15 is threaded through the connecting element 7 to the reservoir 1 of the following breaking unit 16 whilst pipe sections 12 of -the subsequent braking units 15, 16 within the threaded connecting element 7 are connected to each other having a length equal to length of the connected breaking units, i.e. the pull of the drill-rotating device 19. By means of the mechnism extended this way another 1-2 m long drill section is bored together with continuous flushing. This procedure is continuous by mounting further breaking units 16 and flush water pipe sections until the required breaking length is not achieved.
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After completing the drilling of the bore-hole as described above compressed air breaking is performed, with injection interposed if necessary, in a way known 2 ~ ~ ~
per se, such as described in the Hungarian Patent No.
186 827 by self-con-trolled time-delay operation of -the breaking units.
Coal seams or mineral between two entries can be won with high efficiency and without creating excessive amount of dust by using -the method and equipment this way according to the invention.
According to a more favourable embodiment of the invention the bore-hole is sealed by a packing device 20 placed ahead of the starting unit 18 then injection is performed by pressurized water during which the bore-hole and its environment is filled up wi-th water.
in consequence the efficiency of breaking and loosening increases significantly since the water - being uncompressible - transmits directly the pressure waves to the coal face or minerals.
Fig.2 shows a combined drilling-breaking equipment suitable for implementing this procedure. The construction shown is both suitable for drill-flushing and/or injecting during drilling, for filling up the bore-hole with water, furthermore for breaking with high-pressure compressed air.
The breaking unit of the equipment seen in Fig.2 consists of a compressed air reservoir 21 and a breaking head 22 having a breaking mantle 24 provided with a blow opening 23. The breaking mantle 24 is connected by a threaded connecting element 27 to the reservoir 21. For connection to the reservoir 211 of the neighbouring breaking unit there are slots designed at the bo-ttom part of the breaking mantle 24 -12~ 22~3 that are connec-ted -to ribs 35 of a joint 34 threaded to the reservoir 21' such way that the breaking mantle 24 and the joint 34 are pushed into each other as seen then turn off by 90 degrees to one another by which sealing towards the environment is ensured by packing elements 36. There is a piston 25 mounted into the breaking mantle 24, dividing spaces of the reservoirs' 21 and 21', There are one or more axial bores 37 designed through the piston 25 enabling -the flow of compressed air signed by white arrows 13 from the lower reservoir 21' up to the reservoir 21 during aggregating compressed air into the breaking equipment. There is a check valve 26 mounted into the 37 bore/s/ consisting of a threaded seat 38, a ball 39 and a ball support 4û.
The piston 25 seals the upper reservoir 21 from the lower reservoir 21' and the environment by means of a valve support 28 and gasket rings 41 where the valve support 28 is fastened between a gasket ring 42 and the connecting element 27.
Inside the breaking unit, basically in its centre line there is a pipe section 32 forming a flush wa-ter pipe 17 that forms an assembly unit together with the given breaking unit connected by a thread at a gasket ring 43, while sealing against pipe section 32 of another breaking unit and inner space of the reservoir 21 is ensuired by packing elements 44 and 45.
Sealing of the reservoir 21 against the enviroment is ensured by packing elements 46, whilst the connecting element 27 within the breaking mantle 24 is sealed against the environment by a packing element 47.
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The embodiment of the cornbined drilling-breaking equipment as shown in Fig.2 /in an arrangement according to Fig.3/ is operated as follows:
The equipment is penetrated into the seam to be won and /or loosened according to the direction and method of mining accordingly to the length of pull. Drilling into the seam to be breaked and/or loosened is performed by means of a special drilllng equipment or a standard drilling equipment adjusted for this purpose.
For performing the drilling the drill bit 1~ is mounted to the first /innermost/ breaking unit 15 in the penetrating direction of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention. This first breaking unit 15 is put onto the drill-rotating device 19 then connected and by operating the drill-rotating device 19 penetration is started into the mineral to be breaked and/or loosened to a depth according to the length of the first breaking unit 15.
The first breaking unit 15 is fixed in the depth achieved. during penetration then it is disconnected from the drill-rotating device 19. The drill-rotatiny device 19 is set back into start position thus preparing for further penetration by using intermediate extension rods. Then the following breaking unit 16 is put onto the drill-rotating device 19, at ths same time connected to the first breaking unit 15 then the procedure is similar to described above. According to the required breaking and/or loosening depth fur-ther breaking units 16 of optional number as extension rods are used for drilling into .
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-the mineral to be breaked and/or loosened. By approaching the planned breaking and/or loosening depth by the length of one breaking unit a starting unit 18 is connected to the drilling-breaking equiprnent as the last breaking unit then penetration proceeds as above.
After penetrating of the starting unit 18 a mechanical and/or hydraulical and/or pneumatical packing device 20 is connected to it in such way that tha-t packing device is put into its established sealing position at the mouth of the bore-hole.
Afterwards the drilling-breaking equipment is fastened to the support structure, it is disconnected from the drill-rotating device 19 that is set back to start position. Straightness of the completed bore-hole is ensured by the structural design of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention.
Borings generated during drilling are removed by inlet or outlet water flow 29, 30-shown in Fig. 2 and/or by air flushing.
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After this, as it can be seen in Fig.3, the hole 53 generated around the drilling-breaking equipment during penetration is filled by water an/or other natural or artificial material through an isolating valve 50, a check valve 51 and a connec-ting device 52 connec-ted to the packing device 20 -to -the extent until the filling medium appears through the flush water pipe 17, then the isolating valve 55 will be closed on the flush water pipe 17. The hole 53 is held under pressure this way ensuring the sealing of the hole 53 around the combined drilling-breaking equipment from the mine opening and the refill of medium leaking from the hole 53. This way the ., - - ~ ' , ~ .
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equipment according to the invention is satisfactorily prepared for breaking and/or loosening.
After this the drilling-breaking equipment is connected via high-pressure hose 56 with a breaking valve 57 behind a safety distance that is connected to a high-pressure pipeline 58. The hih-pressure air flows throughthe breaking valve in the derection signed by arrows 13 to the breaking untis of the combined drilling-breaking equipment subsequently filling them -to the pressure needed for breaking that is limited by a pressure limiting disc 59 on the starting unit 18. Bursting of the pressure limiting disc 59 start the breaking process, i.e. the starting up of the breaking heads 22; by having a downward displacement of the pistons 25 the blow openings 23, subsequently by self-controlled delay, are disengaged and high pressure air blows out from the reservoirs 1. The breaking process starts from the starting unit 18 through the intermediate breaking units 16 to the innermost breaking unit 15 in the bore-hole.
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The structural design of the combined drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention excludes the possibility that in working order flushing medium can appear in the reservoirs 1 for compressed air or medium for filling the hole 53, furthermore -the possibility is also excluded to have pressure within the drilling-breaking equipment after breaking or inevitable inter-ruption of breaking since in case of interrupting the process due to the special design of the breaking valve 57 the equipment is automatically drained.
The embodiment as seen in Fig.4 is very similar in outlook and structure to the drilling-breaking equipment . ~ ;
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. ~ , , ' ~., 6 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 seen in Fig.3, only the inner structure shows significant differences as shown in the following figures. This embodiment where for drill-flushing, instead of hydraulic medium, norrnal pressure flushing air is used /practically 0,6-1,0 MPa/, is especially suitable for loosening solid or aggregated materaly since it can be operated several times during one installation. This embodiment consists of a drill bit 60, a compressed air breaking unit 61 working as drill extension connected one to another, a starting unit 62 and a drill-rotating device 63. It can be clearly seen that for preventing the stick out of the drill rod the breaking 61 units designed as drill extensions have a diamater almost achieving that of drill bit 60.
Distinction must be made to the embodiment what can be seen in Fig. 3 that between the drill bit 60 and the nearest breaking unit 61 there is a flow control unit 64 mounted for closing the flush passage to the drill bit 60 that enables the high-pressure compressed air -to take the same way as the normal pressure flushing air signed by arrow 65 after completing drilling or drill-flushing by closing the upmost part of the flush passage. At the bottom the starting unit 62 is connected through extension rods 66 to the drill-rotating device 66.
The equipment seen in Fig 4 is basically operated in such way that the drill-rotating device 63 is turned from the network inlet air connection 67 to the direction of the arrow 69 by opening a closing valve 68 and started for feed to the direction of an arrow 70~ By opening a closing valve 71 at the same time the fll~shing air is flowing through the flow control unit 64 and the drill bit 60 in the direction of arrows 73 together with -the -17~ 22~3 borings. The dill-rotating device , 63, after drilling the length of a breaking unit 61 formed as drill extension, is operated to pull back in the direction of an arrow 74 by opening a closing valve 75, whils-t closing valves 68 and 71 are closed subsequen-tly to holding the previous piece /breaking unit-extension rod/ in the drilled up position by a drill gate fastener 76. By placing further breaking unit drill rods this procedure is repeated until the required drill length is achieved. In the upper end position of feeds, flushing can be performed through the blow openings 78 of the breaking uni-ts 61 by operating a valve 77 in order to prevent the borings 72 to get accumulated. For this the upmost part of the flush passage leading to the drill bit 60 is closed by means of the flow control unit 64. The las-t pieces /breaking unit-dill extensions/ take the starting unit 62 and the extension rods 66 along as well. For sectional flushing and closing the flushing air of the drill bit 60 by the flow control unit 64 /described later/ the reverse operation of the drill-rotating device 63 in the direction of the arrow 79 is used. After completing the drilling and fastening the installed equipment this way, loosening or breaking of -the material can be performed by opening the breaking valve 57 connected to the pipeline 58.
Detailed structure of the equipment as seen in Fig.4 can be acquainted from Fig.5-10.
Fig.5 shows the drill bit 60 and the flow control unit 64 which is capable for remote sealing of the flush passage ` leading to the drill bit 60. As it can be seen in Fig.5, the drill bit 60 is threaded to a connecting rod 80 as part of the flow control unit 64 that can be axially ~.~
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~ --18- ~2~ 3 moved and turned within a connecting shell 81, within bars allowed by a dog coupling 83 guided within a guide slot 82 of the connecting rod 80. There is a ball 84 mounted within the connecting rod 80 working as a check valve supported by a seat 85. Another part of the flow control unit 64 is a slide valve 87 with a central bore 86 that is arranged underneath in the inner cylindrical hole of the connecting shell 81 and res-ting with its top to the end of the connecting rod 80. The slide valve 87 is supported through a nut 88 and a fastening nut 89 by a spring 90 that is placed on the built-in spring support 92 of the reservoir 91 of the breaking uni-t 61 next to the drill bit 60 where the reservoir 91 is threaded to the connecting shell 81. There are lateral /radial/ bypass bores 93 provided at the bo-ttom end of the slide valve 87 in connection with the central bore 86. There is a dust guard 95 provided with a gasket 94 mounted outside to the connecting shell 81 thus preventing the dust getting onto mobile surfaces. A gasket 96 separates the reservoir 91 from the outer area while for stopping the flow of flushing air there is a gasket 97 mounted outside to the slide valve 87 at -the lower part of inner space of the connecting shell 81.
During drilling the hole is flushed by compressed air under normal pressure 0,6-1,0 MPa through the breaking units 61, the bore of the spring support 92, the bypass bores 93 of the slide valve 87 to the drill bit 60. After completing drilling when high-pressure air has to be used for breaking, the dog coupling 83 is displaced in the guide slot 82, by reverse turning of the drill-rotating device 63 to the direction of the arrow 79 then pulling back the whole equipment to the direction of the arrow 74 in such way that the spring 90 pulls forward slide valve ~ ~ 2 ~
87 together wi-th the connec-ting rod 80 so -the bypass bores 93 of the slide valve B7 will be over the gasket 97; thus way of the air flow is sealed off towards the drill bit 60 and reservoirs 91 of the breaking units 61 can be filled with high-pressure /60-80 MPa/ air then released for loosening or breaking.
The breaking unit 61 /see Fig.7/ of the equipment shown in Fig.4 significantly differs from the breaking unit 15 or rather from the breaking heads 2 or 22 seen in Figs.
1. or 2.
The breaking head 98 of the breaking unit 61 can be considered prac-tically as a quick-release valve used in control technique where a check valve is built into its mobile part /piston/.
This embodiment was necessary because - it separates the inner space bf the breaking unit from the environment this way pr~venting the appearance of borings andtor the material to be loosened onto the sealing surfaces thus enabling unrestricted repetition of the loosening operation by one instalment without the necessity of cleaning /this is of vital importance e.g.
when loosening material in bunkers or wagons/, - the construction of the breaking head according to the ,sample provides the minimum resistance ~or the air flow.
The construction of former compressed air breaking heads could not provide fully closed state in start position ;therefore the system contaminated and could not be re-used without dismounting. Opening pressure /depending on adjustment/ of the check valve supported by a spring that ~`:
~ ' "" ~ ' "~' ~2~3 is placed into the piston of former breaking heads used to be 0 15-0 2 MPa after connec-ting two pieces two pieces together the choke generated i5 50 high that normal pressure flushing air cannot flow to the drill bit therefore unsuitable for drilling. The same resistance 0 1-0,2 MPa per piston-by using quick filling /15-20 sec/ for loosening-breaking rneans a significant reduction in efficiency. Due to the heavy resistance the working pressure in the starting unit can be 30-40 percent higher in the moment of starting /bursting the pressure limi-ting disc/ than of the innermost piece. The fur-ther from the starting unit the smaller the working capacity is in the breaking unit. For eliminating these problems the breaking unit 61 has been developed as seen in Fig.7.
The breaking unit 61 consists of a reservoir 91 and a breaking head 98 where the reservoir 91 and the breaking mantle 99 of the breaking head 98 is threaded together in such way that there is a conical seat 100 between them.
A spring 101 on the seat lnO provides a steady support for the quick-release valve 102 covering the blow opening 78 within the breaking mantle 99.
The spring 101 threaded to the breaking mantle 99 is supported by a spring box 104, at the same time the breaking mantle 99 is connected to the reservoir 91' of the next breaking unit 61 through a threaded connecting element 103.
There is a ball check valve mounted into a central blind hole 105 of the quick-release valve 102 a seat 107 of which supporting a ball 106 is fixed by a fastening screw 108.
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As shown in Fig.8 along the periphery of the central blind hole 105 there are three axial connecting bores 109 with equal spacing having a lateral connection with the central blind hole 105 this way the way of air flow /that works as a flush passage as well/ is divided into two sections within the quick-release valve 102.
Sealed separation of inner and outer spaces in ensured by gaskets 110, 111 and 112.
The operational principle of the breaking unit 61 as shown in Fig.7 is the following. During drilling or flushing of the drill bit 60 there is free way for the flushing air towards the drill bit 60 since the normal pressure flushing air esily lifts off the ball 106 from the seat 107 with minimum loss of energy and pushes it to the end of the cen-tral blind hole 105 then flows towards the drill bit 60 through the connecting bores 109 while the blow opening 78 remains closed, During breaking the high-pressure compressed air takes the same route within the breaking units 61, but due to the closed state of the flush passage as descrlbed with Fig,5, the reservoirs 91 will be filled up and effected by the pressure drop caused by the starting unit 62 -the quick-release valves 102 subseque,ntly fall down to the spring box 104 agains-t the strength of the spring 101 thus making the blow openings 7B free from where the breaking air is released, After releasingthe breaking air the spring 101 sets the quick-release valve 102 to start position that closes the blow opening 78 and if necessary the equipment can be restarted again.
The starting unit 62 shown in Fig,~ can be connected to .
--22- ~2~
the above placed breaking units 61 -together with the 66 extension rod threaded by the connector 113 to it before completing the planned drill :Length.
There is a cutting ring 114 placed laterally into the starting unit 62 that fixes a pressure-limiting disc 115 sealed by its sharp flange, at the same time the starting unit 62 is sealed from -the outer space by a gasket 116.
It has to be mentioned that the starting unit 62 and extension rods 66 as used in the equipment in Fig. 4 and described in detail in Fig.Y are significantly different from similar elements used in previous equipments such as seen in the equipment in Fiy. ~. Among others the most important difference is that the starting unit 62 has only a starting function. This enables its geometric size to be equal with the size of the breaking units 61 -thus easily can be forwarded -to any section of the bore-hole.
On the other hand former embodiment of the equipment necessitated hole enlargement and filling the gap until the required length of pulling. It is easy to see the hole enlargement results in significant efficiency reduction by breaking since the energy fed in is lost in the increased bore.
As described above the starting unit 62 together with -the extension rod/s/ 66 connected in series provide/s/ a significant choke /e.g. drill bit dia 63 mm, extension rod dia 60 mm/ this increases the efficiency of breaking.
The starting unit 62 as mentioned can be extended by the threaded connector 113 to -the extension rod 66 within which a pipehose 118 matched by means of gaskets 117 the supply of flushing or breaking air. Further extensions of - .. . .
, - , .
.
. .
;, . . .
. .. . .
-23- 2~ 3 the extension rod 66 can be repeated until achieving the length required by adding pieces consisting of the threaded connector 113, the pipehose llB and the extension rod 66.
Final piece of instalment as shown in Fig. 10 the hose 56 fastened to a connecting head 120 mounted in a guard pipe 119 that has to be connected to the breaking valve 57 when loosening-breaking. The drilling-breaking equipment according to the invention can be fastened to the entry support by means of fastening links 121.
The method and equipment described in connection wi-th Figs.4-10 has significant technical advantages if compared to present technique or even to the solutions described in connection with Fig.1-3. In previous solutions such as in the Hungarian Patent No. 186 827 not valves in closed start position are connected subsequently /in series/ but instabile pistons so closing or sealed position of the blow openings is achieved as common effect of the spring-loaded check valve and inlet air, therefore inner space, of the breaking units are contaminated after breaking thus unsuitable for repetition or installaion at a permanent state, therefore can be used for loosening in bunkers or wagons only after dismounting, cleaning and reinstalment.
'rhe sys-tem described in connection with Figs.~-10, according to control engineering terminology, is a connection in series of mono-stabile valves, i.e. quick-release valves with closed start position which enables the quick re-lock after air release /loosening/ -tha~t prevents inside contamination of the breaking units.
, ~` ' , "
-24- %~ 3 It should be noted that filling up the bore-hole with injection liquid and breaking in a filled-up bore-hole can be performed with the embodiment as described in connection with Figs.4-lû 9 bu-t in -this case the liquid is introduced not through the drilling-breaking equipment, but through the packing device 20 sealing the collar directly into the gap between the drilling-breaking equipment and the wall of the hole.
.. . ' '~ ~
.
.
Claims (12)
1. Method for loosening and/or winning minerals, especially coal, furthermore aggregated materials by compressed air breaking during which bore-holes are made to any direction with continuous drill-flushing, in some cases hydraulic medium is injected into the mineral around the bore-hole for wetting purposes and by subsequent starting of breaking units compressed air material loosening and/or breaking is performed characterized in that injection to be performed in some cases is done drawn together with the drilling of the hole and drill-flushing, whilst for compressed air breaking the drilling equipment is retained in the bore-hole and the compressed air breaking is performed by the same equipment.
2. Method according to claim 1, charac-terized in that the bore-hole is sealed at its collar then through the retained drilling-breaking equipment the sealed bore-hole and its environment is filled up with pressurized injecting liquid and compressed air breaking is performed in the bore-hole filled up with the liquid.
3. Method according to claim 1, charac-terized in that drill-flushing is performed through the inner space of the drilling-breaking equipment by a hidraulic medium introduced in a separate route from the high pressure breaking air.
4. Method according to claim 1, charac-terized in that drill flushing is performed by using normal pressure compressed air /0,6-1,0 MPa/ that is introduced through the inner space of the drilling-breaking equipment, practically taking the same route as the high pressure breaking air to the drill bit, and the high-pressure air breaking itself is performed after completing drilling and drill-flushing and respectively after remote sealing of the upmost section of the flush passage towards the drill bit.
5. Equipment for implementing the method according to claims 1-4 that consist of a drill bit, drill extension units, a drill-rotating device and compressed air breaking units, characterized in that breaking units (15, 16, 61) with tubular breaking mantle (4, 24, 99) provided with blow openings (3, 23, 78) and tubular compressed air reservoir (1, 21, 91) are designed as drill extension units, and there is a flush passage leading through for introducing the flushing medium through the breaking units (15, 16, 61) towards the drill bit (14, 60).
6. Equipment according to claim 5, charac-terized in that flush passage is designed as a flush pipe (17) consisting of pipe sections (12), suitable for leading a hydraulic flushing medium separately from the high-pressure breaking air flow.
7. Equipment according to claim 6, charac-terized in that the flush pipe (17) is led through the center of the breaking units (15, 16), through the pistons (5, 25) of the breaking heads (2, 22).
8. Equipment according to claim 5, charac-terized in that for sealing the bore-hole there is a packing device (20) mounted between the drill-rotating device (19) and the undermost breaking unit, the starting unit (18).
9. Equipment according to claim 5, charac-terized in that a flow unit (64) suitable for remote sealing of the upmost section of the flush passage is built between the drill bit (60) and the nearest breaking unit (61) to it, whilst the breaking heads (98) of the breaking units (61) include spring-supported quick-release valves (102) closed in their start position in the inner part of which there is a flush passage transmitting breaking air as well, and made of two sections connected to each other, one of which comprising a ball check valve mounted to control medium flow between the two sections.
10. Equipment according to claim 9, charac-terized in that the flow control unit (64) consists of a connecting rod (80) threaded to the drill bit(60), a connecting shell (81) and a slide valve (87) that can be axially displaced in the tubular inner hole of the connecting rod (81), supported by a spring (90) and provided with lateral bypass bores (93) where there is a ball check valve mounted in the connecting rod (80) and there is a guide slot (82) working together with a dog coupling (83), allowing the limited turn of the connecting rod (80) within the connecting shell (81) and its axial displacement as well.
11. Equipment according to claim 9, charac-terized, in that the quick-release valve (102) of the breaking head (98) is supported by a spring (101) within a spring box (104) that is threaded to a breaking mantle (99); at the same time the ball check valve (102) consisting of a ball (106) and a seat (107) is built into a central blind hole (105) to which, as the second section of the flush passage, connecting bores (109) are connected along the periphery of the blind hole (105).
12. Equipment according to claim 5 or 9, charac-terized, in that diameter of the breaking units (15, 16, 61) designed as straight-walled drill extension units is only smaller in some degree than the diameter of the drill bit (14, 60).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2022193 CA2022193A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1990-07-27 | Method and equipment for loosening and/or winning minerals especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2022193 CA2022193A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1990-07-27 | Method and equipment for loosening and/or winning minerals especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2022193A1 true CA2022193A1 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
Family
ID=4145580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2022193 Abandoned CA2022193A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 | 1990-07-27 | Method and equipment for loosening and/or winning minerals especially coal and aggregated materials by using compressed air breaking |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2022193A1 (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-07-27 CA CA 2022193 patent/CA2022193A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |