CA2021938A1 - Electrically conductive ink - Google Patents
Electrically conductive inkInfo
- Publication number
- CA2021938A1 CA2021938A1 CA 2021938 CA2021938A CA2021938A1 CA 2021938 A1 CA2021938 A1 CA 2021938A1 CA 2021938 CA2021938 CA 2021938 CA 2021938 A CA2021938 A CA 2021938A CA 2021938 A1 CA2021938 A1 CA 2021938A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- conductive ink
- ink according
- ink
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 21
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
Abstract
:4;
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electrically conductive ink, and film-type tracks made therefrom comprise a dendritic metal and carbon in a mixture which affords good electrical conductivity. Such ink, and tracks are particularly adaptable for use in heated automotive mirrors.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An electrically conductive ink, and film-type tracks made therefrom comprise a dendritic metal and carbon in a mixture which affords good electrical conductivity. Such ink, and tracks are particularly adaptable for use in heated automotive mirrors.
Description
~N ELE~ L~ CONDU~rI~L ~
The present invention relates to an electrically conductive ink comprising a binder and an electrically conductive constituent, in particular to a conductive polymer, and to a thick film electrically resistive track made from the same.
Conductive polymer inks are known in the art. Japanese Patent Application No. 60-218689 laid open under No. 62-7495 (Nihon Shashin Insatsu~ di6closes examples of an electrically conductive ink in which the binder i~ a resin chosen Erom a group termed 'heat -reaisting engineering plastics' and in which the electrically conductive powder is silver. I'hi6 publication further dicloses that tests have ahown that gold, silverl copper, nickel and carbon are 6atlsfactory as the electrically conductive powder used in the ink and accordingly claims an electrically conductive ink characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive powder is at least one of the powder~ cho6en from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel and carbon.
As disclo6ed by N. Nazarenko and C.N. Lazaridis 'Polymer Thick Film Conductor6 and Dielectrics for Membrane Sw~tches and ~0 Flexible Circuitry' (Publication reprinted from the Proceedings o the 1982 ISHM Symposium) 5 it is known that products baving a low resistance can be made from silver-based conduct~ve ink~.
However, in view of the cost of silver, there iB a need or conductive inks containing less ~ilver. Figure 1 which is taken from that publication, ~ho~s the variation of resi~tivity with proportion by wei~ht oE blends of silver and a second con~tituent. Curve 2 is for a silver/graphite blend system;
Curve 4 is for a blend system containing a silver-based polymeric ink and a non conductive aluminium based polymeric ink. As can be seen from the Figure, the resistivity of the inlc increases with the proportion of the 6econd constituent.
It is an obJect of the present invention to provide a low re~i~tivity e}ectrically conductlve lnk suitable for producing a ~ilm-type heating track.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrically conductive ink comprising a binder and an electrically conductive constituent, wherein the electrically conductive con6tituent includes a dendritic metal. Thus, by incorporating a dendritic metal into the electrically conductive constituent, an ink of particularly low re~istivity, a9 compared with the prior art i8 achieved.
Preferably, the electrically conductive constituent comprises a mîxture of dendritic metal and carbon. The inventors have found that an ink of low resitivity can be achieved by a mixture of a dendritic metal and carbon, which is a contradistinction to the teachings of the prior art, as shown in Figure 1.
Preferably, the dendritic metal consists of nickel.
Electrlcally conductive inks provided in accordance with the present invention are particularly suitable for the manufacture of heating elements for large areas such as door mlrrors in motor vehicles. Heating elements so produced compare favourably in both C05t and heating effect with prior art heating elements used for 6uch applications.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
Figure 1 ~hows variation in re~itivity with relative proportions of constituents ln prior art inks;
and figure 2 shows variation in resistivity with relative proportions of nickel and carbon in an ink provided in accordance with the present invention.
It ha~ been found that a method of manufacturing the electrically conductive which employs a powdered dendritic metal produces an ink with high electrical conductivity as compared to the prior art.
A dendritic metal is one in which the surface of the metal appears spiky, and in powderetl form, the granules are ~enerally of equiaxial ~hape.
:3:
A method of maklng an electricaLly conductive ink provided in accordance with the present invention is described below.
a) A stock solution of the binder is formed by dis~olving 20 g of poly (vînyl butyral) granules (Butvar B76) in lO0~ of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Thifi is mixed using a high apeed stirrer for 1 hour and then allowed to ~ettle until the air disper~es.
b) 55 ml of carhon black (type 40220) is baXed for l hour at 125C to remove any moisture. This is used with an equal ~olume of dendritic metal powder, nickel hafi been found to be particularly suitable for obtaining a high-conductivity ink, untilan homogenous blend is obtained. This form~ the electrically conductive con~tituent.
c) A screen printing medium i3 produced by combi~ing 50 g of Blythe medium type 63/182 wlth 5g of unaccelerated unsaturated polye~ter in styrene ~anufactured by Scott Bader).
SOg of the binder and 100 g of the conductive con~tituent are added to 55g of the screen printing medlum. The mixture i6 then passed through a triple roll mill until the rheological properties ~uitable for screen printing known to those ~killed in the art are obtained. The resulting ink is screen printed in the de~ired pattern onto a aub3trate and cured at a temperature of 80C.
The ink exhibits good adheaion to a variety of types of substratefi, including alumina, polyester, glass and painted ~urfaces. The re6i6ti~1ty of tracks made from thi~ ink wa~ in the rflnge of from 1.5 to 2.0 ohm~ per square.
The present invention relates to an electrically conductive ink comprising a binder and an electrically conductive constituent, in particular to a conductive polymer, and to a thick film electrically resistive track made from the same.
Conductive polymer inks are known in the art. Japanese Patent Application No. 60-218689 laid open under No. 62-7495 (Nihon Shashin Insatsu~ di6closes examples of an electrically conductive ink in which the binder i~ a resin chosen Erom a group termed 'heat -reaisting engineering plastics' and in which the electrically conductive powder is silver. I'hi6 publication further dicloses that tests have ahown that gold, silverl copper, nickel and carbon are 6atlsfactory as the electrically conductive powder used in the ink and accordingly claims an electrically conductive ink characterized by the fact that the electrically conductive powder is at least one of the powder~ cho6en from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, nickel and carbon.
As disclo6ed by N. Nazarenko and C.N. Lazaridis 'Polymer Thick Film Conductor6 and Dielectrics for Membrane Sw~tches and ~0 Flexible Circuitry' (Publication reprinted from the Proceedings o the 1982 ISHM Symposium) 5 it is known that products baving a low resistance can be made from silver-based conduct~ve ink~.
However, in view of the cost of silver, there iB a need or conductive inks containing less ~ilver. Figure 1 which is taken from that publication, ~ho~s the variation of resi~tivity with proportion by wei~ht oE blends of silver and a second con~tituent. Curve 2 is for a silver/graphite blend system;
Curve 4 is for a blend system containing a silver-based polymeric ink and a non conductive aluminium based polymeric ink. As can be seen from the Figure, the resistivity of the inlc increases with the proportion of the 6econd constituent.
It is an obJect of the present invention to provide a low re~i~tivity e}ectrically conductlve lnk suitable for producing a ~ilm-type heating track.
According to the present invention there is provided an electrically conductive ink comprising a binder and an electrically conductive constituent, wherein the electrically conductive con6tituent includes a dendritic metal. Thus, by incorporating a dendritic metal into the electrically conductive constituent, an ink of particularly low re~istivity, a9 compared with the prior art i8 achieved.
Preferably, the electrically conductive constituent comprises a mîxture of dendritic metal and carbon. The inventors have found that an ink of low resitivity can be achieved by a mixture of a dendritic metal and carbon, which is a contradistinction to the teachings of the prior art, as shown in Figure 1.
Preferably, the dendritic metal consists of nickel.
Electrlcally conductive inks provided in accordance with the present invention are particularly suitable for the manufacture of heating elements for large areas such as door mlrrors in motor vehicles. Heating elements so produced compare favourably in both C05t and heating effect with prior art heating elements used for 6uch applications.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:
Figure 1 ~hows variation in re~itivity with relative proportions of constituents ln prior art inks;
and figure 2 shows variation in resistivity with relative proportions of nickel and carbon in an ink provided in accordance with the present invention.
It ha~ been found that a method of manufacturing the electrically conductive which employs a powdered dendritic metal produces an ink with high electrical conductivity as compared to the prior art.
A dendritic metal is one in which the surface of the metal appears spiky, and in powderetl form, the granules are ~enerally of equiaxial ~hape.
:3:
A method of maklng an electricaLly conductive ink provided in accordance with the present invention is described below.
a) A stock solution of the binder is formed by dis~olving 20 g of poly (vînyl butyral) granules (Butvar B76) in lO0~ of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Thifi is mixed using a high apeed stirrer for 1 hour and then allowed to ~ettle until the air disper~es.
b) 55 ml of carhon black (type 40220) is baXed for l hour at 125C to remove any moisture. This is used with an equal ~olume of dendritic metal powder, nickel hafi been found to be particularly suitable for obtaining a high-conductivity ink, untilan homogenous blend is obtained. This form~ the electrically conductive con~tituent.
c) A screen printing medium i3 produced by combi~ing 50 g of Blythe medium type 63/182 wlth 5g of unaccelerated unsaturated polye~ter in styrene ~anufactured by Scott Bader).
SOg of the binder and 100 g of the conductive con~tituent are added to 55g of the screen printing medlum. The mixture i6 then passed through a triple roll mill until the rheological properties ~uitable for screen printing known to those ~killed in the art are obtained. The resulting ink is screen printed in the de~ired pattern onto a aub3trate and cured at a temperature of 80C.
The ink exhibits good adheaion to a variety of types of substratefi, including alumina, polyester, glass and painted ~urfaces. The re6i6ti~1ty of tracks made from thi~ ink wa~ in the rflnge of from 1.5 to 2.0 ohm~ per square.
Claims (11)
1. An electrically conductive ink comprising a binder and an electrically conductive constituent, wherein the electrically conductive constituent includes a dendritic metal.
2. An electrically conductive ink according to claim 1 wherein the electrically conductive constituent comprises a mixture of a dendritic metal and carbon.
3. An electrically conductive ink according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the dendritic metal consists of nickel.
4. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 3 wherein the electrically conductive constituent includes nickel as a percentage by volume in the range from 30% to 85%.
5. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 4 wherein the electrically conductive constituent includes nickel as a percentage by volume in the range of from 33% to 80%.
6. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 5 wherein the electrically conductive constituent includes nickel as a percentage by volume in the range from 36% to 67%.
7. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 6 wherein the electrically conductive constituent consists of nickel and carbon in equal proportions by volume.
8. An electrically conductive ink according to any one of the proceding claims wherein the binder comprises a polymer.
9. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 8 wherein the polymer comprises a thermoplastic resin.
10. An electrically conductive ink according to Claim 8 wherein the binder comprises polyvinyl butyral.
11. A film-type track for use as a heating element constructed from an electrically conductive ink according to any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8917078.1 | 1989-07-26 | ||
| GB898917078A GB8917078D0 (en) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | An electrically conductive ink |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2021938A1 true CA2021938A1 (en) | 1991-01-27 |
Family
ID=10660650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2021938 Abandoned CA2021938A1 (en) | 1989-07-26 | 1990-07-25 | Electrically conductive ink |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0410765A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03143967A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU645020B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2021938A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8917078D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0753410A3 (en) * | 1995-06-28 | 1997-06-25 | Riso Kagaku Corp | Ink jet device and conductive liquid |
| JP4759899B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2011-08-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Electromagnetic shielding material and flat cable with electromagnetic shielding |
| US8383014B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2013-02-26 | Cabot Corporation | Metal nanoparticle compositions |
| US20060189113A1 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-08-24 | Cabot Corporation | Metal nanoparticle compositions |
| US7824466B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2010-11-02 | Cabot Corporation | Production of metal nanoparticles |
| WO2006076606A2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Optimized multi-layer printing of electronics and displays |
| US8167393B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2012-05-01 | Cabot Corporation | Printable electronic features on non-uniform substrate and processes for making same |
| WO2006076607A1 (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-20 | Cabot Corporation | Ink-jet printing of passive electricalcomponents |
| US8158032B2 (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-04-17 | Xerox Corporation | Silver nanoparticle ink composition for highly conductive features with enhanced mechanical properties |
| CN107071934A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 苏州康智元智能科技有限公司 | Graphene line with heating function and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3801364A (en) * | 1971-02-03 | 1974-04-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method for making printed circuits which include printed resistors |
| IT1159606B (en) * | 1983-09-09 | 1987-03-04 | Olivetti & Co Spa | ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE INK SELECTIVE INK PRINTERS |
| US5002826A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1991-03-26 | James River Corporation Of Virginia | Heaters for use in microwave ovens |
-
1989
- 1989-07-26 GB GB898917078A patent/GB8917078D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-07-25 CA CA 2021938 patent/CA2021938A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-26 EP EP19900308226 patent/EP0410765A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-07-26 AU AU59835/90A patent/AU645020B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-26 JP JP19640790A patent/JPH03143967A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0410765A3 (en) | 1991-05-29 |
| EP0410765A2 (en) | 1991-01-30 |
| AU645020B2 (en) | 1994-01-06 |
| GB8917078D0 (en) | 1989-09-13 |
| JPH03143967A (en) | 1991-06-19 |
| AU5983590A (en) | 1991-01-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |