CA2019949A1 - Composite refractory material containing vegetal fibers - Google Patents
Composite refractory material containing vegetal fibersInfo
- Publication number
- CA2019949A1 CA2019949A1 CA002019949A CA2019949A CA2019949A1 CA 2019949 A1 CA2019949 A1 CA 2019949A1 CA 002019949 A CA002019949 A CA 002019949A CA 2019949 A CA2019949 A CA 2019949A CA 2019949 A1 CA2019949 A1 CA 2019949A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- material according
- refractory composite
- binder
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000195955 Equisetum hyemale Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-cyanoethyl)acetamide Chemical compound ClCC(=O)NCCC#N WECIKJKLCDCIMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004246 Agave americana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000150187 Cyperus papyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014066 European mistletoe Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000907 Musa textilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000152640 Rhipsalis cassutha Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012300 Rhipsalis cassutha Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004534 cecum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000144 sodium(I) superoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/0018—Coating or impregnating "in situ", e.g. impregnating of artificial stone by subsequent melting of a compound added to the artificial stone composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Titre : "Matériau composite réfractaire comprenant des fibres végétales" au nom de : ARIS S.A. société anonyme. L'invention concerne un matériau composite réfractaire, en particulier du type comprenant des fibres végétales. Le but de l'invention est de réaliser des éléments de construction ou de protection thermique de faible densité, résistants au feu et insensibles l'humidité. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un matériau composite réfractaire, comprenant une matrice à structure alvéolaire, constituée d'une mousse durcie d'un liant, caractérise en ce qu'il comprend des charges végétales et en ce que le liant est un liant minéral. L'invention est applicable à la fabrication en série, de panneaux, de tubes et de pièces de matériaux réfractaires.Title: "Refractory composite material comprising plant fibers" in the name of: ARIS S.A. public limited company. The invention relates to a refractory composite material, in particular of the type comprising vegetable fibers. The object of the invention is to produce building or thermal protection elements of low density, fire resistant and insensitive to humidity. The invention relates more particularly to a refractory composite material, comprising a matrix with a cellular structure, consisting of a hardened foam with a binder, characterized in that it comprises vegetable fillers and in that the binder is an inorganic binder. The invention is applicable to the mass production of panels, tubes and parts of refractory materials.
Description
"Materiau com~osite refractaire comprenant des fibres v~aétales"
L'inYention concerne un matériau composite réfractaire, en particulier du type comprenant des fibres végétales.
on utilise couramment dans les salons d'expositions, des panneaux permettant de délimiter les stands des divers exposants. Ces panneaux sont tres souvent réalisés en bois a~gloméré. Or, pour répondre aux normes de sécurit~, les organisateurs de ces salons souhaitent, de plus en plus souvent, utiliser des panneaux présentant de bonnes caracteristiques mécaniques, et surtout, résistant au feu.
On connait déj~, d'apxès l'art ant~rieur de la technique, des matériaux formés d'une mousse de résine de synthèse, chargée de poudre minérale. Mais, ces matériaux ont pour inconvenient de dégager des fumees toxiques ou corrosives, lorsqu'ils sont soumis à
une température supérieure ~ 200-C.
On connait en outre des matériaux composites réfractaires à base de fibres minérales (voir notamment la demande de brevet n~88 0610 du 4 mai 1988, appartenant à la deposante), mais ces matériaux, s'ils présentent de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques et de tenue au feu, sont d'un prix trop élevé pour certaines utilisations, pour lesquelles les coûts sont un élément limitatif.
En consequence, les objets de l'invention sont de réaliser un matériau composite présentant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques, une excellente tenue au feu, une insensibilité à l'humidité, une faible densité et qui surtout, soit d'un très faible prix de revient, c'est à dire un matériau qui pr~sente les mêmes caracteristiques mécaniques que les panneaux en bois aggloméré, avec un coût nettement moindre.
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"~ ~ , Ces objets de l'invention ainsi gue d'autres qui apparaitront par la suite sont atteints notamment à
l'aide d'un mat~riau composite r~fractaire, comprenant une matrice ~ structure alvéolaire, constituée d'une mousse durcie d'un liant, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des charges v~gétales et en ce que le liant est un liant minéral.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise a la lecture de la description suivante, d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel, donne ~ titre d'exemple illustratif, mais non limitatif.
~e mat~riau selon l'invention, comprend donc une matrice à structuxe alvéolaire constituée d'une mousse durcie d'un liant minéral, des charges végétales, et éventuellement des charges minérales.
Le liant minéral hydrophile est du silicate de sodium. En effet, ce produit a la propriété de prendre une forme rigide, irréversible, apr~s déshydratation, ce qui le rend insensible à l'humidité.
En outre, son prix de revient est relativement faible, et son approvisionnement aise, car il est couramment utilisé comme colle en cartonnerie, principalement pour la fabrication de cartons ondulés. Ledit liant, sous forme d'une émulsion aqueuse de silicate de sodium, comprend 60 % d'eau, 30 % de silice sio2 et 10 % de NaO2. Ce liant a la propriété d'enrober très efficacement les fibres végétales et de les rendre ainsi pratiquement insensibles au feu, suivant l'épaisseur de l'enrobage. En effet, naturellement, les fibres végétales sont combustibles, en revanche, lorsqu'elles sont enrobées et bien imprégnées de silicate de sodium, elles présentent une certaine incombustibilité, qui permet une protection thermique jusqu'à 1000C en sur~ace et une auto-extinguibilite à
coeur du produit. De plus, l'imprégnation par le silicate de sodium, empêche que les fibres ne soient sensibles a la reprise d'humidité et ~ l'hygrométrie de . .- - :
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l'air, surtout lorsque la surface extérieure des pi~ces reste brute de moulage et ne pr~sente exclusivement que du silicate de sodium.
Par ailleurs, en fin de cycle de fabrication, les pieces peuvent subir une opération de flammage en surface, a~ une température legerement supérieure au point de vitrification du silicate de sodium, afin d'obtenir un aspect décoratif blanchâtre et d'am~liorer, par pyrolyse, les caract~ristigues de tenue au feu. Dans ce cas, le produit est classé M0 en surface.
Les charges v~gétales peuvent être constituées par tous sous-produits de la production de céréales, tels que des pail;es ou des balles de blé, de seigle, d'avoine~, de mals ou de riz, par exemple, ainsi que les végétaux fibreux genéralement utilisés pour d'autres usages, tels que chanvre, lin, jute, agave, abaca, coco, sisal, papyrus, bambou et autres bois.
La balle d'une céréale est l'enveloppe du grain des céréales, constituée par les qlumes et les glumelles et que l'on détache au cours du battage et du vannage.
Parmi toutes ces balles de céréales, on a découvert que la balle de riz était la balle végétale la plus chargée en silice, ce gui était favorable à la réalisation d'un produit devant présenter une bonne tenue au feu. De plus, cette balle de riz a l'avantage de se présenter sous forme de fibres courtes, ce qui évite de la traiter pour obtenir des longueurs de brin constantes, et surtout, a l'avantage d'être d'un approvisionnement facile, puisqu'elle est considérée comme un sous-produit céréalier et utilisée comme moyen de chauffage ou litiere. Enfin, compte tenu du faible nombre d'utilisations possibles, elle est vendue à un prix dérisoire, surtout en Chine, en Inde et en Extrême orient ou la production de paddy est très importante.
,X""J , ~'"'' "` ' 1,.' ~' On pourrait bien évidemment utiliser d'autres fibres v~gétales, telles que des herbes, comme la prêle, riches en silice. On utiliserait alors le produit sous forme de fibres de prêle, coupées et séch~es.
Des charges minérales peuvent être ajoutées pour augmenter, d'une part, les caractéristiques mecaniques du produit, ou d'autre part, ses propriétés de coulabilit~. Les charges de structure, de préférence en silicate de calcium, se présentent sous forme de - brins ayant une longueur inférieure a 7 mm (5 mm en moyenne) et un diamètre d'environ 12 microns, par - exemple. On utilise ce produit sous forme d'une poudre fibreuse tres a~ree, comprenant principalement 45 % de SiO2 et 35 % de CaO. Pour diminuer la densité du produit, on peut utiliser, par exemple, une charge minérale de granules expansés de roche volcanique "CECAPERL", (fabriqu~es et commercialisees par les Ets.
CECA).
On peut utiliser ou non, un agent moussant d'un type courant industriel, par exemple, celui connu sous l'appellation commerciale de "Sactilav".
On peut ajouter ou non, à la mousse d'eau et d'agent moussant, un agent gonflant. -~
Le matériau obtenu présente une densité
comprise entre 0,3 et 0,8. -~
Enfin, on notera gu'il est possible d'ajouter au produit précédemment décrit, un agent assouplissant, ~
tel qu'une émulsion de vinyle ou de latex pour rendre - -le produit moins cassant. ~ ~ -Selon ce mode de realisation, le matériau comprend environ 50 a 75 % en poids d'une émulsion de ~ - ;
liant minéral et environ 15 a 25 % en poids de charges végétales~
Selon une variante de réalisation, les -charges végétales peuvent, avant leur incorporation au - ~ -liant, être traitées pour les rendre moins hydrophiles. -`
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Par exemple, la balle de riz est préalablement trempee dans une émulsion aqueuse de vinyle ou de latex, comprenant un agent anti-agglomérant, puis s~ch~e en dispersion par un courant d'air chaud.
Ce traitement permet d'obtenir un matériau pouvant comprendre environ 25 ~ 30 % en poids de liant minéral et environ 40 ~ 60 % en poids de charges végétales. Ces dernières proportions permettent d'am~liorer les qualités de résilience et d'amortissement du matériau ainsi que de réduire le prix de revient.
On donne ensuite un exemple du premier mode de réalisation cité, dont l'ordre de mise en oeuvre peut être variable.
Exemple 1 , -- 74 % d'émulsion aqueuse de silicate de sodium (liant), - 15 % de balle de riz (charge végétale), - 4,5 % de poudre fibreuse de silicate de calcium (charge minérale de structure), - 1 % de granulés expansés de roche volcanique "CECAPERL" (charge minérale d'allègement), - 1 % d'agent moussant, - 0,5 % d'agent gonflant, - 4 % d'eau.
De manière générale, le matériau composite réfractaire selon l'invention, est applicable ~ la fabrication d'éléments de protection contre le feu répondant aux normes AFNOR anti-feu M1 et anti-fumée Fl. Ce matériau peut donc être utilisé pour la réalisation de plaques, de tubes et de pieces moul~es puis découpées, de panneaux muraux, de plafonds suspendus, de garnitures coupe-feu, de pièces de forme devant résister à une elévation de température, etc Enfin, le produit peut être r~alise en continu, par injection dans une machine spécifique, avec déshydration par rayonnements et notamment les micro-ondes (cas des panneaux et des tubes), ou en coffrage, pour une utilisation dans le b~timent, l'aide d'une pompe spéciale a béton, légèrement modifiée de façon ~ être adapt~e a cet usage. Dans ce cas, la deshydratation peut être obtenue par l'utilisation de plaques ou de couvertures chauffantes, ~ disposer en surface apparente du produit pr~alablement liss~, ou simplement par s~chage naturel, par capillarit~, lorsque celui-ci est coul~ en coffrage perméable.
Le produit peut avantageusement remplacer les panneaux de bois agglomérés classiques, tout en présentant une densité inf~rieure de plus de la moitie, une insensibilit~ à l'humidité et au feu, pouvant permettre la comparaison technique avec un agglomér~ de bois et de r~sine ph~nolique, mais d'un prix de revient nettement inférieur.
. ,- : .. .
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j '',,, ;:, ' '"' ' ~, ' ~:', ' ,, ." "Material com ~ refractory site including v ~ etal fibers "
The InYention relates to a composite material refractory, in particular of the type comprising vegetable fibers.
we commonly use in salons of exhibitions, panels allowing to delimit the stands of various exhibitors. These panels are very often made of glomerated wood. Now, to answer to safety standards, the organizers of these fairs want to use more and more panels with good characteristics mechanical, and above all, fire resistant.
We already know ~, according to art prior ~ laughing technique, materials made of foam synthetic resin, loaded with mineral powder. But, these materials have the disadvantage of giving off toxic or corrosive fumes, when subjected to a higher temperature ~ 200-C.
We also know of composite materials refractories based on mineral fibers (see in particular patent application no. 88 0610 of May 4, 1988, belonging to the applicant), but these materials, if have good mechanical characteristics and fire resistance are too high for some uses, for which costs are an element limiting.
Consequently, the objects of the invention are to make a composite material having good mechanical properties, excellent fire resistance, insensitivity to moisture, low density and which above all is very low cost price, ie a material which presents the same mechanical characteristics as the panels made of agglomerated wood, with a much lower cost.
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"~ ~, These objects of the invention as well as others which will appear subsequently are affected in particular at using a composite refractory material, comprising a matrix ~ honeycomb structure, consisting of hardened foam with a binder, characterized in that it includes loads v ~ gétales and in that the binder is a mineral binder.
The present invention will be better understood a reading the following description, a mode of preferential realization, give ~ as an example illustrative, but not limiting.
~ e mat ~ riau according to the invention, therefore includes a honeycomb structured matrix consisting of hardened foam with a mineral binder, fillers vegetable, and possibly mineral fillers.
The hydrophilic mineral binder is silicate sodium. Indeed, this product has the property of take a rigid, irreversible form, after ~ s dehydration, which makes it insensitive to moisture.
In addition, its cost price is relatively low, and its easy supply, as it is commonly used as cardboard glue, mainly for the manufacture of corrugated cardboard. Said binder, under form of an aqueous emulsion of sodium silicate, includes 60% water, 30% sio2 silica and 10%
NaO2. This binder has the property of coating very effectively plant fibers and make them thus practically insensitive to fire, according to the thickness of the coating. Indeed, naturally, vegetable fibers are combustible, however when coated and well impregnated with sodium silicate, they have a certain incombustibility, which allows thermal protection up to 1000C on ~ ace and self-extinguishing at heart of the product. In addition, the impregnation by the sodium silicate, prevents fibers from being sensitive to moisture uptake and the humidity of . .- -:
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air, especially when the outside surface of the pieces remains unmolded and only presents only sodium silicate.
Furthermore, at the end of the manufacturing cycle, the parts can undergo a flame operation in surface, at a temperature slightly higher than vitrification point of sodium silicate, so obtain a whitish decorative appearance and to improve, by pyrolysis, the characteristics of fire resistance. In this case, the product is classified M0 in area.
Plant charges can be made up of all by-products from the production of cereals, such as straw or husks of wheat, rye, oats ~, mals or rice, for example, as well that the fibrous plants generally used for other uses, such as hemp, flax, jute, agave, abaca, coconut, sisal, papyrus, bamboo and other woods.
The husk of a cereal is the envelope of the grain of cereals, consisting of qlumes and which are detached during threshing and winnowing.
Among all these cereal bales, we have discovered that the rice husk was the vegetable husk the most loaded with silica, this mistletoe was favorable to realization of a product which must present a good fire resistance. In addition, this rice husk has the advantage to be in the form of short fibers, which avoid treating it to obtain strand lengths constant, and above all, has the advantage of being easy supply, since it is considered as a grain by-product and used as a medium heating or litter. Finally, given the low number of possible uses, it is sold to a ridiculous price, especially in China, India and the Far orient where paddy production is very important.
, X "" J, ~ '"''"`' 1 ,. ' ~ ' We could obviously use other vegetable fibers, such as herbs, such as horsetail, rich in silica. We would then use the produced in the form of horsetail fibers, cut and dried.
Mineral fillers can be added to increase, on the one hand, the characteristics mechanics of the product, or on the other hand, its properties of coulabilit ~. Structural charges, preferably in calcium silicate, are in the form of - strands having a length less than 7 mm (5 mm in medium) and a diameter of about 12 microns, per - example. We use this product in powder form very fibrous, mainly comprising 45% of SiO2 and 35% CaO. To decrease the density of the product, we can use, for example, a filler mineral from expanded granules of volcanic rock "CECAPERL", (manufactured and marketed by Ets.
CECA).
It may or may not be used, a foaming agent of a common industrial type, for example, that known under the trade name "Sactilav".
We can add or not, to the water foam and foaming agent, a blowing agent. - ~
The material obtained has a density between 0.3 and 0.8. - ~
Finally, note that it is possible to add to the product described above, a softening agent, ~
such as vinyl or latex emulsion to make - -the less brittle product. ~ ~ -According to this embodiment, the material comprises approximately 50 to 75% by weight of an emulsion of ~ -;
mineral binder and about 15 to 25% by weight of fillers vegetable ~
According to an alternative embodiment, the -vegetable fillers can, before their incorporation in - ~ -binder, be treated to make them less hydrophilic. -`
S ~
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.;,. ~, ~, .. -. ,.,:
For example, the rice husk is previously soaked in an aqueous vinyl or latex emulsion, comprising an anti-caking agent, then s ~ ch ~ e in dispersed by a stream of hot air.
This treatment makes it possible to obtain a material can include about 25 ~ 30% by weight of binder mineral and about 40 ~ 60% by weight of fillers vegetable. These latter proportions allow to improve the qualities of resilience and material damping as well as reduce the cost price.
We then give an example of the first mode of implementation cited, including the order of implementation may be variable.
Example 1, -- 74% aqueous silicate emulsion of sodium (binder), - 15% rice husk (vegetable load), - 4.5% of fibrous silicate powder of calcium (mineral structure charge), - 1% of expanded rock granules "CECAPERL" volcanic (lightening mineral charge), - 1% foaming agent, - 0.5% blowing agent, - 4% water.
Generally speaking, the composite material refractory according to the invention, is applicable ~ the manufacture of fire protection elements meeting AFNOR M1 fire and smoke protection standards Fl. This material can therefore be used for the production of plates, tubes and molded parts then cut, wall panels, ceilings hanging, fire-resistant fittings, shaped parts having to withstand a rise in temperature, etc.
Finally, the product can be made in continuous, by injection into a specific machine, with dehydration by radiation and in particular microwave (in the case of panels and tubes), or formwork, for use in the building, using a special concrete pump, slightly modified so as to be adapted to this use. In this dehydration can be achieved by the use of hot plates or blankets, ~ have the product visible on the surface previously smoothed, or simply by natural drying, by capillarit ~, when it is poured ~ in formwork permeable.
The product can advantageously replace the classic chipboard panels, while having a density lower than more than half, insensitivity to moisture and fire, which can allow technical comparison with an agglomerate ~ of wood and phenolic resin, but at a cost price significantly lower.
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Claims (15)
DE PROPRI?T? OU DE PRIVIL?GE EST REVENDIQU?, SONT D?FINIES COMME IL SU] THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE INVETION, ABOUT WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE RIGHT
OF OWNERSHIP WHERE PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED, ARE DEFINED AS SU]
en ce qu'il comprend des charges végétales consistant en de la balle de riz et en ce que le liant est un liant minéral. 1 - Refractory composite material, comprising a matrix with alveolar structure, consisting of a foam hardened with a binder, characterized in that it comprises vegetable charges consisting rice husk and that the binder is a mineral binder.
25 % en poids de charges végétales. 11 - Refractory composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises approximately 50 to 75% in weight of a mineral binder emulsion and about 15 to 25% by weight of vegetable fillers.
fibrous calcium silicate powder, 1% granules expanded from volcanic rock, 1% foaming agent, 0.5% blowing agent and 4% water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8908627 | 1989-06-28 | ||
FR8908627A FR2649095B1 (en) | 1989-06-28 | 1989-06-28 | REFRACTORY COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING VEGETABLE FIBERS |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2019949A1 true CA2019949A1 (en) | 1990-12-28 |
Family
ID=9383216
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002019949A Abandoned CA2019949A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 | 1990-06-27 | Composite refractory material containing vegetal fibers |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA2019949A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2649095B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2713327B1 (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1996-01-26 | Giat Ind Sa | Structural ballistic, thermal and electromagnetic protection panel. |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB405166A (en) * | 1932-06-01 | 1934-02-01 | Theo Uranschek | Method of manufacturing a highly porous, fireproof insulating and building material,and means for carrying out the same |
DE3334118A1 (en) * | 1983-09-21 | 1985-05-15 | Thomas Katrineholm Öbrink | Filling material, process for the production thereof and use of such filling material |
-
1989
- 1989-06-28 FR FR8908627A patent/FR2649095B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-06-27 CA CA002019949A patent/CA2019949A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2649095A1 (en) | 1991-01-04 |
FR2649095B1 (en) | 1995-12-15 |
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