CA2019051A1 - Deodorant compositions containing materials for inhibiting bacterial adherence, methods of use thereof, and method for determining materials that inhibit bacterial adherence - Google Patents

Abstract

DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING MATERIALS FOR
INHIBITING BACTERIAL ADHERENCE, METHODS OF USE THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING MATERIALS
THAT INHIBIT BACTERIAL ADHERENCE

Abstract Disclosed are deodorant compositions which can reduce body malodor (such as malodor arising in axillary regions of the human body) without use of antimicrobial agents. The compositions include a material (e.g., selected from specific glycoproteins and carbohydrates) which inhibits adherence of malodor-causing bacteria to the skin, wherein malodor-causing bacterial populations, and the malodor caused by such populations, are reduced. Also dis-closed is an analytical technique, using differentiated human epithelial cells, which can be used to determine the ability to tested materials to inhibit adherence of malodor-causing bacteria to human skin surfaces.

Description

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DEODO~ANT COMP~SITIO~S CONT~INING; ~A~ER~A~; po~
INHIBI'rING BACTERIAL AD~ER~C~ HOD~ OF USE T~E~EOF, AND M13THOD FO~ DETERMINI~G MATERIALS
THAT INHIBIT ~ACTE~ ADHE~ENC~

TECHNICA~ FIET~

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Th~ pr~s~nt inv~n~lon i~ dlrectod, loo~t yer~er~lly, to co~po~itiorl~ ~or appllcation to skin ~ur~ac~s ~o lnhibit and reduce adherencQ o~ odor caa~ing bacteria . 5 ~in particular, ~lodor-~au~ing bacteria) to t~ skin, which composition~; do not r~guire antlD~icrobia ayent~ .
More speclflcally, the present i~re~t~on relates to deodor~nt c0311posi~ior~ or application ~o th~ ~kin, ~sp~c~lly in axillary region~ o~ t~ hu~n body, to reduce tpr~vent~ body Dlalosilor. ~n particular, th~
pre~Qnt inY~n~ion 1~ direct~d to deodorant CODlpO
~itlon~ or us~ in ~e Por~ o~ a roll-on, a~ro~ol, s~ick, su~3pen~1Or~ c., which avoid~ ~alo~or wlthout ~15 raq!liri~g an anti~icrobial ag~nt.
In addltion, ~ n~ior~ i8 dir0c~ed to an analytic~l ~not~ or dat~rml~alng ~r~ cac~ o~
v~rious ~aterid.~ to reduce ~ r~ncQ o~ b~c~ri~

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. ~ -- 2 --(a.g., ~alodor caul!3ing bacteri~) to the ~kin (~or exa~nple, the skin o~ a p~r~on, e~specially th~ skin in axillary regions o~ the body3.

CKÇ;ROU~IP~
'''.' ~ long baen d~ired to ~void b~l~r ~alodor (~or ~x~pl~, und~rana ~alodor~ r~ ar~ many mechani~ms oY deodorancy Xnown in the art~ For ~xa~plQ, cdor ma~king, in~rolvin~ u ~ o~ a coDIpo~ltion including ~ ~ragxanc~ to ~ ply overpower the lmd~rar~
malodor9 ~ay be util~zed. Other d~odorant co~po-. ~itlons, for aYoi~ing u~darar~Q ~nalodor, include compon~n~ which r~duG~ th~3 parti~l v~por pr~ure of ~orpholiIIe. The~Q known co~posit~on~ can ~ne~ de co~ponent~ to achi~ a signi~iGant lipoxlda~e ~15 inhibition , ln ordQr to pr~ent oxid~ion Or un~atu-ra~d compounds ~o malodorow~ a~c~s.
o#l~r di~closed deodor~rlt co~opo~i~io~s in~:lud/la alXallne Dl~tal bicarbon~e~ arbona~e~ acting l:o slly n~au'cr~llz~ odorif~rou~ ~hor~ haln ~atty a~:id~ ln the ax:lllary r~gions og thQ ~ody. ~l~o know~
i~ a ns~thod o~ dQodoranc:y ut11iæ~lng zins: glycinatQ~, thought to act by both ch~icAl n~3utr~1iza~io~ o:~ .

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~ 0dorou~ chemical~ and by inh$biting bacterial - grow~h.
The use of antimic:robial ag~ent~ to inhibit gro~rth of axlllary bacteria, and thQreIore d~crea~e formation Or Dlalodor cau~d by these bacte:ria, i~ w~ll kno~n.
`. In~tially, hexachlorophene, and :lat~r triclocarban, triclo~an and ~reral gu~t~ ry am~oniu~ co~apounds suah a~ b~nz~thoniu~ chlorid~ ~nd Dlethyl b~nz~thoniu~
chlorid~ hav~a bQen used in comD~rcial dQos~orz~nt product Also known are a~ydrou~ deodorant co~po-sition~ cor~tainin~ tx~a~Q~in, or l,2,3 propan~a tri-acetate. 51~nilarly, triethyl citrate and e~t~rs o~
hydroxy carboxylic acid havo b~en dl~clo~ed ~or U8E!! in deodorant product~. ~ow~v~r, ~eodorant c~poeitions includ~ng antimlcrobial ag~nt~ negatlv~ly a~I~c~ thQ
mic~oorganl~ ~ironm~a~ on th~ ~kin. ~or~o~fer, varlsu~ ulti~iGrobial ag~nts ~et ~ort h abo~r~, such as hexachloroph~n~, haYs~ ~3e~n ~Imad in ~he pas~ as tlrl~Q .
It i~ alAo know~ t~ u~e s~hyl~n~a~in~etra~c:etio acid (~ ), and othe~r D~tal ~aque~3tsring a~nt~ ~8 ~oran~: ~c~t~e ingredi~t~, which ~ct ~o re~ov~
critic~l mQtal nu~rian~s r~uired by ~cteria ~or enzy~alLc rorma~ion o~ Sree ~cid~.

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U.S. Patent No. 4,51B,517 to ~ en, et ~1., the contentR o~ which are inc:orporated hexein by r~Xer~nce, discloses deodorant body cleansing co~po~itiona, utilizlng a ~till furtl~er t~chniqu~ ~or redus:ing (or . 5 avoiding) malodor. Speci~icall~, thi~ patent di~closes tha~ the number v~ odor-causiny bacteria on the skin :; can be redu~d by using an ~eotive a~ount o~ ~peci~ic su~rg~ (manno~, gluco~ and oligo~r~ hQr!E~Or~ thA~
int~r~r~ n th~ ~30hani3Td b y wh$ch the~
odor-genQrating bacteria adh~re to th~ ~k~n. This .S. pat~nt d~clo~e~ that 'che~ addition o~ about 1-15 by w~ o~ a car~ohydr~te ~lected ~ro~ th~ grot~p r consiatlng o~ g1UC:OB~ Dunno~e~ oligoDI~r~ thereo~ and a mix~ur~ ther~o~, to a bosly cle~n3$ng co3~po~1tiorl produc~ a d~c~dor~nt coDIposition which r~duc:es the odor-cau~ing microbi~l population on th~ ~Xin, without ~ th~ U31!~ 05E ant~alcro~lal~-Thls ~ Patent Xlo. 4,518,517 cill~close~a ~at ~anno~e, gluco~e and oligom~r0 thereo~, and ~xture~
2 0 ~Qreo~, h~Y~ ~p~¢i~icity to l~citin~ o~ the odor-c:au~çr b&lct0ri~1 organ~ h~r~y kody odor~
are r~duced by det~c~6~llt o~ th~ odor-c u~ing organis~
i~rom ~ ~ki~ hus, l~ patQnt di~elo~@a th~t l~cti~
t~c:~ology (lect~n~ bei~ prot~in~ or glycoprot~in.

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which have an a~lnity ~or ~p~ci~ic sugars and wh1ch are pr~en~ in t~e cell Dle~brane~ o~ b~ct~ria and are one ~echanls~ by which th~y adhere to ~ur~ac:~) can be used as a me~n6 o~ r~ducing n~bers o~ odor-causing : 5 ba ::~aria on th~ skin.
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.. Thi8 u.s. PatQr~t No. 4,518,517 al~o disclo~ a te~t proc:edure, usad i~ c4rmeot~0n with v~riou~ ~ug~r~, to da~0rmine wh~th~r suoh ~ugar~ all inhib~ ~ao'c~rial attachment: to ths skin. ~hQ t~t proc~dur~ utllized hu~an stratu~ corneu~, bland~d.in a phy~l~logic~1 saline ~olution. Variou~ ~ug~r~ to b~ tQ~t3d wer~
~ ~ ncorpor~t~d into dl~erent s~ple~ o~ ths3 blend o~
hu~ tra~ corneu~ and ~line solutlonO T~2reart~E~
a bacterial ~u~p~n~ion, made by susp~nd1 ng ~m~ll colony L5 diphth~rolds lnto ~ staril~ ~ lin-a ~olutlon, wa~ addsd to ~ch o~ th~ di~r~nt ~aD~ple~ 50ntainillg the ~ug~r t~ bo t~ Qd and ths blend Or hu~ara ~trzltu~ corneu~ and ~al ~ ne ~olution Thl~ U~ ~ . Pal:~at No . 4, 518, 517 d~ sclo~
: . 20 neither g~lactos~ nor ~-~c~ty~ ~luco~s~in~ h~d ~n ~Pfect on th~ d~phth~roid bactQrlal popul~ion orl ~o ~kin, in th~ dQscri~d t~at: that ~a~nno2~ only 3ugar t~at show~d inhibit$on Or bact~ri~l ~t~ chm~nt, a3 sho~ by ~ewer bact~ri~ a~tached ~o ~:ne ~in ~asllpl~;
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. , and that additlonal teets~ d~ with o~h~r BUgars including ~I:llC~:0~3Q, lactoss, maltose, ucro8Q, ra~
nosq~ and rha~nose ~howed a greater an~ount o~E bacteria attached to the s)cin tharl on~ tr eated with m~nnos2, there}~ proving ~h~ sp~aci~icity o~ D~anno~Q to the .
diphtheroid bact~rl~. In using the speci~ic te~ting t~ohnislu~3 d1~crih~d in U.S. Paterlt ~o. 4,~18,517, thi~
p~t~nt di~c:lo~s~ that o~ various c~9rbohydr~t~s only mannose, gluco~e and oligoD~ers thereo~ ~and D:liXtU~8 therQo~) can be u~ed to inhibit adherlanc~ o~
odor-generating b~ctaria to th~ ~JcinO
Thi~ U.~. P~tent No~ 4,518,517 ~urt~Qr di~clo~
that ~na~ano~ UCS:~8e~, oligo~4r~ r~o~, and mixtur2 lther~o~, can be u~ed in deodoran~ d~t~rgerl~ compo~
sitlon~3 contairl~ng aal ~nlonic w~te3r ~olubilizlng group, and ~ur~er oonv~nt~on~l addition~l cs~pon~nt~ (~uch ~
coloring as~Q~t~ ~nd p~r~ ); and that the cQmpo~tlon can ]:~61 in ~ liquid ~on~ or opagua deodorarlt de~Qrgent bar (~olid~ form.
~se o~ oth~r mal:~rials, ~or ir~ iting adher~nc:Q
o~ ~ps~ci~ic b~cteri~l ~o ~arloul3 ~E3ec:1~1c ~ur~aces, u~ing ~ar~ou~ ~pQcl~ic adh~r~ancE~-r~ rictlng ag~3n~
knowT~ hu~ rticle~ N~tu~, Vol . 3 65 (SspteEIbar 17 , 1977), p~g~s 623-5 , dl~e:lo~e~ t .. . .
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D-n~ar~o~s and methyl~ mannopyrano~id~ inhibi.te~l 0rQnee o~ d i~erent ~train~ o~ E~eheriehia eoli to hu~an epithelial eell~, but dld not inhibit adhererlee o~ streptococci to such epith~lia;l e~ . To~o, . 5 "I301ation and Charaeterizatlorl o~ a Cap~ular Poly~ae -eharide ~dhesin rrOm Staphyloco~ccus Epidermidis" in The Journ~o~ In~qti.Q~ 5~, Vol. 157, NoO 4 ~April 198~), p2lge~ 713-7~1 di~elo~l3s a poly9aeeharlde adhQ~
i301zlted ~ron~ a speei~e strain o~ the Staph. yloe~eous 0 ~pide~idi~; this article di~closes that the adhe~in W113 csmpo~ed o~ a co~pl~x compound o~ ~onosaceharid~
(with galacto~e and glucos~ine predoP~inating) and ,bound well to ~ilastic cathet~r tub~ng while inhibitlng adh~renc~ o~ paci~lc ~train to o~ ter~, .S U.S. Pat~nt No. 4,737,359 to }~ n, ~ al. di~
1081~ a me~ or lDhibitlng dental plague and promoting oral hyg~ an~, includ~ ng disp~r~ng a plaqu~-inhibit1ng a~ount o~ ~ul~an in wat~x and cont~ctislg th~ agueou~ disper~ion o~ ~muls~n o n~ta~r~l or arl:l~icial den~l ~ur~ce~
.S. ~tent No. 4,737,359 d~clo~ ~a'c t~ u3s~ o~ th8 e~ul~an redu~e~ ~ aq~le ~or~ation through inhibi~ion o~
a~ach~*n~ Or ~_9~ (wh10h iE~ ~ pri~

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~actor ~n cau~ing plaqu~ fo~lon on t~e~h) to d~nt~l 3urf~ce~ 0 U.S. Pak~nt No. 4,81R,817 to Shoha~, et al., the conten~ o~ which is incorporatecl herQin by re~r~nce in its entirety, di closas lipo-oligo~accharidic ~ragments produc~d by enzymatic degradation o~, ~.g., ~mul~an~, and u~ o~ th~ rag~nt~ ~or th~ pr~vention or ali~lnat~on Or bact~rial adha~lon to hum~n bu~c~l Qpith~lial cells, hydrocarbo~ and/or o~h~r hydrophoblc sur~ac~s. Thi~ patent ~urthar dis~lo~e~ ~hat the ~ragmQnts, a~ well a~ omul~an lt~el~, not o~ly pr~ent~
adharl~nGa oi~ t:h8 ba~:t0r~a (~e~ ~L~) .~o ~h~ hum~n buccal apithelial cell~, but al~o caU8e~
such baat~ria already adh~ring to the c~ll sur~ac~ to ~15 be de~orbed there~xom~
aB ~en in the foregoing, al~hough co~poun~8 inhibiting adher~nc~ o~ varisu~ ~pQCi~iC ~lcroox~anis~s to sp~aiiic ~ur~ace~ are Xnown, ~par~ gro~ ~05. Patent No. 4,51~ t 517 ~on~ o~ ~h~ ~ore~ntlonQ~ clo~ur~
sho~ d~odorant compo~ltion~ ~or inhl~iting ~l~dor-cau~lng b~ct~rla ~ro~ ad~xing ~o ~ ~ ~kin o~ a per~on, F~srtlcularly to ~ ~kin ln ~eilla ~ r8g:Lon~.
Noreov~r, ~.S. Pate~t No. ~,518,517, u~i~g ~h~
~peci~c te3tinlg techni~u~s de~crib~d th~r8~n, di~-~ .

clo~e~ ~ha~ only manno~e, gluc:o~e~, ollgomer~ thereo~, and mixturQs th~reo~, can b~a u~l to inhlbit adh~r~nce o:e the te~ted odor-cau~ing b~cterla to the skin, and ~hat other ~ugars do not inhibit adhsren~ of such bactQria.
U.S. Patent No. 4,263,274 to Kulka~s~ t al. dis-clo~ co~ 1tlons and Dloth~ ~'or inhi3altlng ~r~plv ra~ion, such c:o~po~ltions lncludlng nn ~ld0~yd~ poly-~accharide compound, 90 th~t ~ectlve p~r~Qir~tion control ~z~y be achieved without u~0 o~ tallic anhidrotlc: agent ais ~.S. P~t~nt ~o~ 63,27J.
di~closQs anl:lp~rspirank compo~ition~ ludi.ng . ald~hydQ polysaccharid~ co~pounds: how~r, ~li8 p~tent doQs not ~l~sclo~ any inhib~ tlon o~ a~r~n~s~ 0 odor-aau~3lT~ bac:t~ri~ to the ~kln wh~ u~ing l:h~
de~cr~edl ald~yd~ poly~ac&:har1 d~ con~pou~dE~, ~nd do~
not di~c:lo~ U8~ 0~ ald~hyd~ ps~ly~c:charl~ o~pouncl~
~or d~30dor~ncy apa~ ~ErODI an antip~rsp~r~ u8et.
- l~.S~. Pat~nt No. ~822,S96 to C~ h~, ~t al.
29 di~sclos~ ntipq~r~pirant c~po~itlon h~ g a nor~-a~u~ou~ liquisl pha~ and ~ ~30lid ph~ olid ph~s~3 inc:luding a ~ol~tur~ orba~sllt orga~lc poly~r ~eh org~nic pol~aerE~t a~ di~c:los~d, in¢lud~ variou~
poly6~char~de~ ) ) ia particulate ~on~. ClQarly~

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r ~ 5 ~b ., thQ org~nic poly~n~r ~n ~.S. Pat~nt 23o. 4,822,596, part oX an ant~perspirant co~positiorl, act~ to ab~orb moisturQ, and i8 applied in part~.culate fQr~il SO that the organic polymer is depc!l~ited on the 3kln in powder foml. Thi~3 paltent do~ not disclo~Q that the orga}lic :. polymer can ~ct to prQvent adherelnce o~ D~alodor-causing bacteria to th~ ~kln, pa~icul~Lrly in a:clllary - r~gion~.
A~::cordingly, it i~ dQ~irad to provide a des:~doran1:
coDIpo~ition~ opQratin~ by th~ tQchniqu~ o~ inhibiting adherE3~ o~ odor c:au~ing b~ct~ri~ t~ body (~or ~xa~pl~, to ~kin o~ th~ body, ~artl~ularly in th~læ
, ax~ll~ry region), utllizing compounds o~her ~h~n m~naos~, gluco~e and ollgom2r~ t~erao~, to providQ ~uch d~odorant co~posltlon~ in var~ou~ ~or~ ~or u~3, and to pro~rlde sl~thod~ of u~ng ~uch d~odorant coDIpo~ition~.
~- 21or~o~e~, it i~ d~l3ired to pro~ide 8UC~1 ds~odorant ;. CODlL~081t~ on~, utilizing ~uch ag~nt:~ ~or inhiblting ~dhar~r~c~ oi~ ~lodor ~:~u~ing b~c:t~ri~ to thQ ~kin, ;and 11) avoiding ~nt~iLc:ro~ ge~t~ in l~a c:o~po~ltlon ~th~t i~, to pro~id~ d~odorant co~po~itlons w~l~h do ..
not conl:Ain ~nt~¢robial ag~at~); 2~d (21 ~Yoldirag hlgh~ ~r low-p~l colapo~itio~ hi~h c~n bet irrltstlng). ~or~o~r~r, it i8 al~o dQ~ir~d to provide ~ ..

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~uch d~odorant co~po~ition, wlthout th~ neee~E~ity o~
incorporating a fragrancQ in the deodorant (~uch fragrance masking body m~lodor).
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DISCLC)SURE PFINV~NTIO~
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. 5 Accor~i~gly, i~ io an ob~ecE o~ 3 pre~Qa~t :: inv2ntion to providQ a co~npo~ition, and ~thod o~ uslng - ~uch compo~ition, which can reduc~ r~3nc~ o~
malodor-cau~ing aerobic and anaerobic: ba::t~rl~ ~o ~he skin, partic-llarly in ~xillaxy r~gi on~ o~ the ~ody~ ~y reducing adhererla~ to th~ ~kin~ it is ~ nt ~a~: le~8 ~ac:telri~ as:h to thE3 skin ~ur~ o, ~tor applic~tion Or ~ coD~po~it~on ~o the ~kln ~urr~ce, th~n ~ould attach to ~ kln ~n ~h~ n:~3 o~ ~uc~ co2~po~ition.
:. It i~ ~ Iurth~r ob~ct e~ pr~ t inverltion to ~:~
reduce body Dlalodor cause~d by bact~r~ a on th6~ ~kin, par~ rly in axill~ry reglons of l:h8 body.
It i~ a ~urth~r ob~c:t o~ ~e pr~ent invent~on to provid~ ~ deodor~nt co~positlor~, ~d ~thod o~ us~ng ~uch co~o~tion, to r~duce~ body ~alodor wit~ou~ u~ o~
ar~t~roblal agent~ ~n ~ dleodorant coD~c~ition.
It 1~ a still turther ~b~ect o~ the pre~t ~nv~nltion to E~xo~id~ a deodorant coD~po~ition, and ... ..
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method o~ usi2lg ~uch coD~po~itlon, to r~luc~ ly malodor by reducing adhereT~ o~ malodor~cau~ing bacteria on ~ki~a thu~arl ~kin, I~or E!Xalllple), l~pe!c:ially in axillary r~3giorl~ o~ the body.
It is a ~urthar obj ect o~ the pre~nt ~ nvention to provide a deoâorant compo~itiorl, and ~ethod o~ u~ing ~uch co~npo~sition, whiah do~6~ not r~ ir~ ~ ~ragran~e, and which need not hav~ a high or low pH (the~y a~roidlng skin irritation c~us~d by applying ~uch high-LO or low-pH ~a~erial ~o th~ ~kin~ O
It i~ a ~till rurther ob~ t o~ 3 pr~ont inv~3ntion to provlde deodorant tlc:3c 60DspoE~ ion8 ~or . r~duc:lng body m~lodor without l:he U8~ O:e anti~icroblal agents in the coDIpo~itlon.
L5 It i~ u~er r)l:~es::t o~ the pr~e~t inY6~ntie~rl ts:~
pr~vid~ a~ analytic~ thod ~or d~t~r~in~ng whe~th~r ~pQC~1c ~t~ri~ , carbohydrates and protein~) reduce adh~r~nc:~ s7g mallodor~causing b~ ria ~o ~kin, ind~cat~r~ o~ WllQ#ler 13UCh material~ r~duce adh~rer;c~
o~ laalodlor-cau~ing b~e:tarla to~ e ~kin, ~or ax~lB~
in axllla~y r~lon~ o~ ~e body.
l~he~ pr2~lenlt: inv~nl:ion ~ ob~ei~
co~ 1t~on~ incorporatlng car~ohydrat~ an~l~or protein~, incllidlng Dlono~ac:charlde~ ~nd poly~

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ch~rid~, polymer carbohydr~te~, an~ oliqo~er~ and d~rivative~ o~ th~ carbohydrat~, and ~nixture~
th~reo~ . Contraxy to th~ teaching~ o~ U. S . Patent No . 4, 518, 517, variou carbohydlnat~ can be u~ed as part of thQ pres~r~t inventiorl, to inhi~it adherenc~ o~
malodor-causing bacteria to the ~kin: that ~ ~, adh~rence~ lng carboh~drate~ arQ not liD~ ed to m~nnosa, glueo~ls and oligoDI~r~ th~r30~, and Dlixtur~s therQs:~æ, a~ de~cribed in U.S. Patent No. 4,518,5~7. In ~act, variou~ oî tAe carboh~lrat~ and prot~in~ us~d aA
part o~ th~ pre~nt inventlon provid~ ~Y-n b~t:t~r re~ult~, in inhi~lt~ng a~erence o~ malodor-causing . bactsri2l I:o ~kin o~ a h~an body, than ~nanrl~a3~, gluco and oligo~rs therQoP, arld mixture~ r~o~ a~ des c~d in ~.S. Patant No. 4,518,517.
Th~l r313Ult:8 as:c:or~ing to th~ pre~nt ln~nt~on ar~
particularly ~urprisirlg i~ light o~ th~ di~clo~ure ir U.S. Pat~nt No. 4,518,~17, ~ w~ general knowlsd in th~ ~t. As ~ d pr~vlou~ly, ~.S. P~t No~ 4, S18, 517 dls ::los~ t,- -~rQ~ s~ lproc:e~llre~
de~c~rib~ her~in, on1y e~rta~ sl?~cli~1¢ ~ugars, ~nd o11g~ rs ~reo~F ar~ ~er6!l0~, ac~ to inh~1 a~e~e~n¢~ o~ c~rtain bacteri~ ~o th~ ~lgin, and oth~r suql~r~ dc~ not irhiDit ad~er0ncs of~ th~ r3a~e bac~ari;~ to ...

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,. ~ 1~ --the ~ne ~ur~ac~ or~30ver, it i~ known, a~ ~en in vario~a~s o~ the pa~en~:s and publiLsh~d article~ d$~cu~ed previou~ly, that speciX~c compo~mds ¢an inhl~it adherenc~ o~ ~peci~lc bacteria t:o 8pec~ic ~ux~aa~, -- 5 but tho6e sam~ compound3 will not nec~a~arily act to - . inhibit adherencs ~ other bact~ria to othsr ~ur~a~s:
di~arent ~a~teri use dl~ere~t ~echsni~ or adh~r~ncQ, ~o t~t the ~ Ct o~ ~ co~npound on adh~rerlc~ o~ a type o~ bact~rta to one 6ur~ace ~$11 not nece~arily b~ th~ sam~ as ~at oi~ the ~a~e compound on a dl~erent typ~ o~ ~ac~ria on ~noth~r sur~ac:~3>
Not~i~h3tanding this knowl~dg~ in th~ ;~rt, applicant~
, h~ ~ound cla~es o~ ~ompound~ that ~ it adh~ren~
o~ m~lodcr-cau~lng ba ~eria to th~ ~kin, ~o a~ to achl~e th~ ob~ctiv~ ol~ ~ pres~nt in~ention.
Sp6~at ~ia carbt)hydr~t~ . g., ~i~pl~
carbohydrat~ ao~os~ ::charides ) whic:h can be u88d~
ac~ording to ~h~ pre~3ell~ invention, ~8 pa~ of deodorant coi~po~itlo~s to lnhibit ;~dhere~aca o~
~o ~alodor-cau~ing bAct~ri~, inel~dd~ gala~:to~e, tyl~ ~g. l~ o~n~, ~u~::0~
N~ tyl-D-glu~o~ln~, ~oglu~uronic ~cl~ ~nd der~rat~ve~ anld oligo~rs ~oligo~3acc:h~rid~3) o* ~le8 carbohydra~Q~ or oîigc~ger~ containing th~

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; . . - 15 -'"'"

carbohy~rates. ~oreover~ polyDIer carbohydrat~
(polysaccharide~) which ca~ be used according to the pres~nt inven~ion include emulslan and xanthan gu~, : alginic acid, alginat~s (~or exampl~, odiu~ and pota~ium ~alt~ of algiAic acid), guar gu~, locu~t hean gu~, gellan gu~, v~riou~ ~orm8 0~ carageenana, and . ~r~g~ h~E~
~: Such ~rag~ents are achi~ved by ~11 known enzy~atic, che~ical and ther~al tr~at~¢nt o~ these polymer carbohydrates- For eX.a~ple9 ~ragment~ o~ the a~ora~ention~d polym~r carbohydrates ~y be ~o~mad by hydroly~i~ by heating ~olutio~ o~ 1 5 p~rc~nt by ~eigh~ ln watQr to 80-lOO-C, ~or up to 6 hour~ Th~
pre8~nc~ Or a c~taly~t ~uch a~ ~norganie ~cid ~e.g., ~Cl) or bass (~.g., NaO~) ~ay be nec~s~y. The pH
range ~ay vary ~tw~e~ 2-11, dependl~g upon th~
~: ~p~ci~i~ pol~r carbohydrate. Th~ purpo8~ 0~
hydroly i~ i~ to reduc~ ~he ~iz~ and th* ~ol~cular w~ight o~ th~ ~oly~r c~bohydrate, and to r~duce th~
2 0 vi~08ity 0~ th~ a~or~entlon~d 1-5 p~rcen~ aolution~.
Alt~rnati~ly, ~n8~tl~ de~r~dation as practic~d by ~.S. pat~t ~,818,817 ~ay be u~eful to provi~e ~hs ~ra~ments~ hi~ U.S. ~atent, ~ ~lc~obial ~nz~e 2 ~

~ lC ~

capable Or cl~aving glycosidic: bo;:ds i~ disclo~d ~ a usePul way o~ ~ragmenting e~lnulsaA~.
The speci~ic vi~co~ity or D~olecular ~ize o~ th~
~ragments ar~ not i~porta2~t, as both ~rag~enl:s and whole poly~ r carbohydrates ara e!~cti~ra in inhibil:ing adhe~ion oi~ ~alodor-c~ufi~ g bac~elria to the! ~3:in.
Of t~e roregoing polym9r carbohydrllt~
alginata~3 ~r~ prel~rr~d co~mercizllly. It ls~ desired that the algi~a~es, a~ par~ o~ the co~pog~ition~
according to th6~ pr~sent ~nverlt~ on~ ba hydroly2~d to maX~ thaDI le88 vis oua and e~ r to us~ in Dlanu~a~urln~ the deodorant ~:omposi~lon accnrding to ths pres~rl'c inventlon.
The poly~D~ric carbohydra'ce~ tgU~IIB) J a~ part ~ the d~odora~t co~po~ti:on accoffling to the~ pre~nt i~vention, are di~p~n~ olubl~ or p~rtly ~olubl~
form a~ part o~ ~ roll~on coDIpo~ition,, tlck , compo~ition, aero~ol ::ompo~ ion, otc. Tlli~ i3 ClQarly di~ rent, and achi~ ti:rlsly di~f~r~t re~ult, 2u th~n thQ powder-containing co~po~ition~ og~ tJ.S. Patent Nn. 4, 822, 596 . ~For ~x~apl~ wder ~ors~
pol~eri~ c~rbeJhydrat~ co~po~ition o~ lJ.~.
Pat~n~ No. 4,B22,~96 ara un2lblet ~o in~era6~ ~ith andl .

:
i.
. ~ 17 --bind ~o ~k1n or bacteri~l cells, and ar¢ thu~ ble to inhibit adherenoe o~ bacteria to ~kin~
Although the wat~r~solubl~, powdered, poly~er~c carbohydra~e~ in the compo~itiorl~ o:e U0 S ~ Patellt No .
~:~ 5 4,822,596 may solubiliz~ in undelr~ria moi~tur~
(plarspira~ion), this is a slow proce~ ir~t, the powder ab~orb~ 11 a~ount3 Or moi~tux6~ wlthout di~solvlng, and th~r~a~tQr s~ll a~ount8 0~ pOWdQr ~ ly dissolv~ in exc~ ~3 u~derar~Q p~rRpiration, ~ut ~he 301ubiliz~ad polym~r carbohydrat~ 1~ trapped in ~che thick pa3t~ iX8t i~Ol~d. Consid~rabl~ 'cim~ (p~rhap~3 hour~ requ~red ror a~y di~olv~d pol~er to become ~re~ to lnterac~: wl~h bactsr~a or ~3cin c~
indeed, the di~ olv~d polyme~r ever b~co~e~ ~re~.
}lowever, d~odorant ~icac:y r~quire~ dia~ç~ or at l~a~t rapid availalbility o~ t:hQ act~ deodor~nt .~ ingredi~nt . P urth~nnor~, ~o~ of the poly~er -. carbohydra1:~s (~.g., carageenan~) res{ulr~ con~id~rabl~
ther~al and/or sll~ch~mical ~nergy to e~ ¢~ di~301u~ion into w;~tQr; ~ueh condltlon~ do not ~xi~t s~n thQ human bo~y ~ur~c~. Frola the~ ~oregolng, ~t c~n bE3 apprQcsia~t~d th;~t compo~ltlonE~ c:ontalnlng poly~r carbohydrat~s ln po~rd~r rO~ a~ ln U.S0 Pzltent ... .

`,' r r .

No. 4,822,596, will llot achi~ve t:hQ ob~ctiv~ o~ the ~res6~nt inventiorl.
A~ proteins which can be utilized Z18 a compon~nt of dsodorant compo~ition~ ~or ir~ibiting adhQr~nce o~
malodor-cau~;ing bacteria to the E~kin o~ a body, accordlng ~o ths pre~ent inv2ntion, are ~lycoproteins;
such glyaopro~elrl~ lnclud~ nirl, ~lbron~ctizl, collag~n, and ao~aid glycoprotQirl ~roD~ any on~ o~' ~av~ral ~ourcss, including bovine ~ourc0~. Ge~erally, gl}rcoprotains ~ro~ human arld anim~l ourcs3 ishibit adh~aion of malodor-c~using bacter~ a ~ron~ axillary rsgions .
It 18 iDIportarlt tc~ not~ that not all prot in~ ar~
u~ul aR i~ compo~ant o~ de~doran~ compo~ition~ ~or .15 inhib~ting adharence o~ m~lodor causing baateria to th~
~kin o~ ~ body. For ~a~pl~, wh-~t g~ 4gglutin (Tri~$cu~ 3 and jack bean l~:tin (Conc~navali~
both pron~ot~ ~he adh~ion o~ malodor-cau~ g bact~ri to th~ ~cin. 80wQYer, va~ouE~ pro~n~ (Q-g-v~rlou~ glycoproteln~ which ~n inhibit a~hQrence o~
~a~lodor-c~using ~act~ria to the ~k~n o~ a bo~ can e~ ly be d~t~nelned, ~?~rticul~rly ln v~e~ o~ th~
t~stlng procedurf~ r dQtsrDlining ad~renc6~iah~bikinq ~aterl~ls, di~cu~sed ~urth~r ~ In th~ ~ollowirlg, ', ` l re~erQnc~ to pro~in~, or to glyc:o,~roltein~ art o~
the daodorant composition o~ th~ pre~nt invention i~
to t:ho6~ proteins or glycoprot~ii n~, re~pec:tiY~ly, that inhibit adheEerlce o~ alalodor-causing bac:t~ria to skin, ~specially to ~kin in axillary region~.
In th~ co~npo6itlon~ according to the present inv~ntlon, tha ~dherencs-lnhib~ting l?oly~ric:
carbohydr~te~ ar~ das$rably ~t le~t par:l~ in olution (e.g. in an aqueou~ solut~on~ when appli~d (that i~, ~he adherence inhibitirlg poly~eric carbohydrat~ are di~pen~ed in solubl~ or part1y 901 ml ~rom any - on~ o~ ~veral c~D~poeltions, ~Og., ~ticX, aero~o1, , 1iquid, ~tc. ) . Thl3r~ i~ no ~o1ubi1ity r~trictlon whers the adharenc~-inhibiting m~texia1 i~ a sim~?1e sugzlr or glyGopro~ although 2ach ~ay b~ a~ 1ea t `. p~r~ly in ~olu~ion~ or th~ v~riou~ oligo~ex~ that ~all within ~h~3 sc:op~ Or t~ pre~3n~ inv~ntion, a~ the mo1ecu1~r weigh1: of ~ o1igom~r u~e~ i~ larg~r, it ~ecom~s ~or~ pre~Qr~blQ ~ha~ adh~rence~ hlbiting carbohydr2ltQ b~a at 1~ p~:rtly in ~o1ut10n whan appli~d.
~1rab1y, th~ c~rbohydr~to c~r pro~in ~ncor porat~d in tha co~posit10n 1~3 u~11iz~d in a~ount~
~ectivc to 90 inhibi~ adher~n~:~ o~ IEa1c~or-c~using :

.

.

r J 2 ~
:.
., ~o . , bact~ri a a~ to r~duce thQ malodor-cau~ bact~rlal population on th~ skln. Illu3tr~tivsly, the ca~bo-hydrat~ and/or protein i~ ins:orporatQd ln the co~po~
- ~ition in amount~ o~ 0. 05-20~6 by weight o~ the to~al weight' o~ 'chQ co~po ition.
The co~po~ition o~ tha present lnvention, lncluding a proteirl or carbohydrat~ a~ spe~i~ied abs:~e, c~n be u~ed wi'ch v~riou~ vehicl~ ~o ~ to proYida deodorant compo~ltlon~ that can ba pwkaged a~ an aerosol deodorant, ~tick deodorarlt, ~u~p~ ion d~odo-rant, roll-on d~odorant, at~ uch co~aposit~ons containing an e~i~ective a~ount Or th~a Rp~ci~ia31 . carbohydrata or proteln ~o as to redu~ ~dherence Or malodor-causing bact~ria to th~ 8k~ n ( ~or ~xa~apla, ~o ~s to reduce ad~arencQ of D~alodor-~au~ing bact~xi a to the ~kirl at æxillary r~gion~ o~ th~ ~dy).
Illu~tratively, thel c:ompo~itlon~ aecordlng to the :.: presarlt inventlon can includQ a vehlc~ or ~orming a ~tick deodoran~, ror ~sxa~lnpl~, a ~tick d~odora~t ~or 2 0 application to 'ch6~ ~kin ~t ~xillary r~glon~ o~ ~e body, ta lnhlbl~ ~dher~ c~ o~ ~xillary bac~rl~ to thQ
~k~ ~. Thue, the carbohydr~tet or protq~$n aE~ disc~ s~d abov~ cazl b~ incorpora~d ~i~h ~ g~lling agent ar~d lisluid v~hicle, ~n ~orDIlnsf holid g~l ~tlcJ~. 5uch ; ~ .
'~;' ~ r ~
rj.

':

at$c:ks can contain a D~etallic ~oap or ~ dib~nzyl sorbitol as the gelling ag~ank.
Th~ pr~s~nt inves~tion i~ particularly appropria~e f`or r~ducin~ adherencQ o~ diph1:heroids (malodor-c~u3ing - 5 microorg~nis~) to ~ ~kin in axillary regiorl~; o~ a hu~an body. Acc:ordirlgly, by this a~pQc:1: o~ the pre~nt in~ntion, a d~odor~nt c:ompo~3ltion can bs proYid~d which avoid~ body ~n~lodor, e.g~, axill~ lodor, with no ne~d ~or antiDIicroblal ag~nt~, a~d with no rleed rOr applicatis~n of compos~tion~ with high or low pH to th~
~kin. Moreover, by u~ of th6~ pr~sent i~l~rontic\sl, a deodorant compo~itlon need not ineorporat~a a . ~agr~ncs.
ThU#, accordlng to thel pre~;ent inventioa~ r~ i~
prov~d~d a deodorant comE~o~ition which can include only ~ha carbohydxat~ or pro~ n ;~ th~ deodorarlt ac~iv~
ingr~di~nt, to irhibit adhQr~nc~ of ~alodc~r~ u~ g ~- bact~ria to the ~kln (e~pecially in axlllary region~).
o~e cou~e, compo~ lo~ ac¢ordLing ~o ~3 pr~E~enk 2 0 irlv~ntlon can al~o 1DC1Ude oth~r deodor~nt actiY~3 ingr~ nt~, ~uch ~ a Pragr~
Ac::ord~ng lto anot~or a~pe~t o~e tile~ pre~nt lnventlc3n, an an~lytlcal t~ rovid~d or d~te~inin5~ wh~ther speciiEic: matar~al~, includiI:g .

.

. -- 22 --,. .

~sp8cii~ic carbohydrates and prot~in6, r~duce tor inhlbit~ adherence o~ malodor-caUsing bacteria to th~
skin (e.g., to th~ 8xin in ax~ llary region6 o~ a body). According to thi~ analytical teChrliqUQ, .-.... 5 di~fQrentiat~d skln cells are u~s~d, in co~binatiorl with malodor-causing aerobic and anaerobic bact~ria and 'chç~
matarial b~ing inve~tlgatsd, to d~terDIine wh~th~x such Dlat~rl~l reduc:~ (lnhib~t~) th~ adh~x~nc~ o~
Dlals: dor-cau~ing b~cl:~ria to th~ ~kin . ~h# skin cell~
utllized are hum~n skin eells, which arQ dl~rentiated by culturing in keratinocytfeL qrowth ~3diu~ ~upple~entad with a divalent ~et~l sompound (es~3cially a di~ t calclum coDIpow~d ~ such ~ calci~ chlorld~3 .
~I!he dl~ersntlated skin cells dQvelop keratinized ; 15 ~ur~ace ~tructur~s which arQ o~ varylIlg ~olecular w~ight; ranglng ~roD~ 50,000 to mor~. than lOOtOOO. Thi~
protein~ aous ~i6uri~ac:e 8trUC:tU2'Q i ClS3E~ 0 ~he karatirlized ~tructure~ tha~ app~r on corny~lad surfac~
~p~ th~lial c~ s~ala~lally, ~h~ prot~in~ceoua ~tructur~s aontain prote~n, glycoprt~in an~l poly~ccharide~ dii~rl3n~1~Lt$d E~kla ~ ro~ in ~oundE~ in tls~u~3 ~ultur~ ~d ~kln b~cterl~ t~nd to ~tlck to t:h~.

..

r .. . .

~ .

~ n illu~trative k~ra~inocyt~ growth m~diu~ i a~
~ollow~:
RGM (Reratinocyt~l3 Gro~h 2~ediu~) (Modi~ied ~cDs 153 preE~ared by Clonetics, Co.) -. lo ng/DIl Epidermal Gro~/th Factor tEti;F~
5 ~lgfDIl In~ulin O . 5 ~g~l Elydrocortison~
Antlo:~icrobial age~nts ~Penicillin, lo ~tx0pto~ycin, ~n~ ~phot~rlain B) 0.~5 D~ C~lc~ C +~) 0.49e Bovino pitultasy ~:ra~t (~p~) p}~ 7.4 OB~ ality 3 340 ~4 mOsm/kg Undlf~er~ntl2lted apith~iiil cells re~auir@ 2 ~N
Ca+2 ~or di~er~ntla~orl in~o ker~tlnoc~sO
Illu3~r~tivaly, a ~ solutio~ o~ calciu~s chlorid~, at a ratlo o:e 2~1 o~ ~ calc~ n Ghlorid~ p~r Dll o~ XG~, i~
us~d to provid~ di~reraratiated ~p~lial c:~lL8- ~he .. 20 medi~ i~ changad ~very thr~ day~ $n or~r to m~nt in thi~ l~v~l o~ lclu~ ln ~he m~dlu~. An optimu~a tl~n~
p~ariod ~or achi~vlng c~ll di~eren~iatlon i 12~16 day~ th~n lo d~y~ i~ rar~ly usa~a.
An op~ al l~al o~ Oq. ~ ~aîci~ ~hloridQ i~
na~ ary ~or ~kln ~11 di~3rQ~tt ~tiorl. Tos~ l~rge or too ~ 1 will r~sult in in~icie~nt o~ no diX~erent~ ation.

.' 2 01 C~
. ~
:. - 2~ -' ~ following rQ~erencess de~s~rib~ u~ o~ Ca~2 ~or dil~erentiation, ar~d the contents o~ e~ch o~ th~
ra~erenc~ are incorporated herein in thQir ~ntirety:
1) Pillai, S. ~ et al ., "Bioche~lical and Morphological : 5 Char~ctsriz~ion of Growth and Dl~er~ntiation of' Norm~l EnL~nan N~ona~al :I~;eratinocyt~ in a Se~-Fr~e Medlum, " in J. Csllular Pfflslology. ;~:229-237 ., (lg~
2 ) Shipley, G. D., ~t ~1 ., "Control og ~ro~th ~nd :. 10 Dii~Xer~ntia~ion ln Vltxo og~ ~Iu~an ~ratinoc~o~
Cultured ~n ~eru~-~re~ ~dium,'~ ln Arch~ D~ tol.
la~:l541a-1544~ (1987).
:~ 3 ) Wllke , M. S ., e~t al ., NBiologic Mechanism ~or the Regulation o~ Nor~ luman ~ tino~yt~ Proll~eratior~
and Di~er~ntiation, I- in Aæ~r~ J. Pathology. ~:171-1988~.
kln c~ (di~erentiated ~kin cell~ ~re blended with th~ ~t~ri~l to b~ t~st~d ~or adh~renc~
lnhib~tion, w~th th~ bacterla thQn beia~g added, zmd 2 0 th~sr~tQr th~ numb~r o~ bact~aria adhoring ~o the c~
~rel count~d ~n ord~r to ~e~t~ lliA13 wh~ r th~ t~st~
~atarial reduc~ adherenc~ o~ ~lodor-cau~ing bact~rl~.
. ......... Th~ b~ct~r~a tested can ~ . g ., ~ ~olated ~ro~ the hu~an ~xillary r~gion~.
~g~ ~kin c~ ut~li3ed-acc:ordlng to t:he pre~ t a~lytic~l ksch~lgu~ ~r~s ~torila cslls, zm~ ~UQ 'S:O ~
.
di~renti~ion are ~r9ry ~ ilar to ~ ac~ slc~n c~
Or t~ kin ~tra~ corne~a~ a dQt~ tlon t adh~rsnc:a o~ ~ b~c:t~ria ~o th~ dif~r~ntial:~d . . .
., .

. .

r . J 2 0 ~

- ~5 -,::

~kln cell~ i8 inhibited) ~ccording to the pre~e~nt analy~ical tec~ique, is a ~air t~t a~ to whe~er th~
mat~rial, a~ part o~ a deodor~nt compo~ltion, will reduce adherence oS malodor c:au6ing bacteria on the : 5 skin, ~uch a~ in axilla~r r~gionl3 o~ ~e body.
Accord~ ngly, the pre~snt inverlt~on in all o~ its a~pect~, pro~ld~3e coDIpo~ition~ ~partic~l~rly ~peciL~lc deodorant co~po~itlorl~, including 8pe~Ci~ c~rbo-hydrat ~ othar than m~n~aose and gluco~ and d~ri~atlves th~r~o~; and/or 1ncluding 5pecli~ic prOt~l~lB (glyco-pro~ln~), which co~po~itlon~ G~ be utillz~d ~or reducing adhexenc~ o~ malodor c~u~ing ba~ rla to skin aurr~ce o~ ~ body, including ln axill~ry reg~on~
o~ the ~ody; ~nd provlde~ an analyti~l t~chni~u~ whlch penaitq ~t~r1 al8 to b~a lnv~stlg~t~, on ~kin c:orr~s-ponding to ~urr c~ ~kln o~ a ~u~ n bodyt a~ to wh-3th~r ~he DI~Lt~r~ al~ r~duc~ adherenG~ o~ malodor c:ausing ~act~rla to th~ ~kin ~ur~ace.
T~U~ ompoeltio~ can bs ~electç~d, and u~3~d, to ll~oid bod~ D~alodor, wi1:hout ~uch coD~po~itlons con-taisling ~nt~nlcroblal a~ 8 ~d wl~out ~uch CO2:1POD
~itlon~ h~lng a high or low p~ or~3ov~3r, ~eodorant coDIpoultion~ c~n ba pxovid~d wlthout ~a~ ms~ ~or incorporating :~ragrancQ~s.

2 ~

DE'~ILE13 DEsc~IprIoN OF 1~_NVE~T~

While tha inventiori will b~ de~cribad in connection with spec:i~ic and pre:terrQd ~mbodi~ants, it will bQ understood thak it i~ not lntend~ o li;~it the in~reE~tion to tho~g~ e~bodi~ents. On th~ s:o3~trary~ it i~
intendQd to covar all alteratlon~ odi~icatlon~ ~nd 8gui~alent3 a~ Dlay be includ~d withln ~e ~pirit and scop~ o~ ~:ha inv-ant~on a~ d~fined by tha app~nd~d c:lai~.
~h8 pre~ent: in~e!ntlon conteslplat~ comlpo~itions, and ~ thos~ls o:t app1ying ~uch coDlpo~itioll~ J whereby adhesion oP Dla10dor-~au~ing bact~ria to th6~ skirl Or a body (Q.~., o~ a hulaan) " especia11y zlx111~ry r~gions of ~h8 ~ody9 ~~ inhihitad~ ~o as to therQb~ deare~
D~ 10r. 'rh~ co3~po~itton~ c~n inc1udd~ v~riou~
v~h1c1~s, whereby ~ar10u~ di~ferent typ~ o~ deodoran~
com3po~1tion~3 ar~ prc~vid~d. ~or ~x~p1e, <l~sp~nding os the~ ~ic1e u~11i2~3d, a deodor~nlt 23~1¢k, s:o11-on, sUElpanslon or ~aro~s1 a~po~ition cærI b~ providQd~ 2:n ~2ch o~ th~ a~os~t1011s, ~e i;npor~t: co~porlenk accor~1n~ to ~e~ pr~eat i~ven~io~ 1~ a ~arbohydr~t~, a D11xtur~ oS di~r~nt car~ydra~e~s, a 3?roltain, 9r ` .

';

2 ~ 3 .
. .
. ~ ~7 --, comb~ nations~ r~o~e whlch can il~lbit adh,l3r~nca o~ thQ
malodor-causing bac:~eria to the '3kirl, O that deodo-rancy is achi~ved wll:hout the ne~d ~or anti~ic:robial agents .
Furthermore, th~ pr~ent invantion also cont~-plate~ an analytic2~1 te~:hni~lQ wh~rl3by variou~ carbo-hydratas ~nd/or protsin~s a~n ~e~ tes!~t~d to ~et~r~in~
~hether ~uc:h G~rbohy~raks~ and/or prQt~inl can inhibit adherence o~ malodor-cau~ing ba~::taria to th~ ~kin of a body. ~cc:ordingly, by thls aspec~ Or th~ pr~s~nt $~vorltion variouæ di~Qr~nt carbohydr~t~ and~or proteins can b~ tQ~t~d, without appl~a~tion to a pe~on, to P~c~lltat~ det~ ination o~ whel:~er ~p~ciflc carbohydrak~e and/or protQin Gan be ul:iliz~d to r~duc~
~aopulatlon~3 o~ malodor~produ~ing bact~rla on a body, and accordingly reduc:~ bod~ ~alodor.
Prior to furth~r d~cription o~ th~ pre~nt inventlon, a ~hort dQ~crlptlon ::onc2rnirlg ad~herænc~ o~
bacteria to a bo~y ~iLll b~ ~rovided. Bacteria adher~
to ~ ¢oloniz~ al~ao~t an~ ac~0 ~ r~n~ colo~
o~ b~cter~a may ~ ob~0rv~d on and ln p~r1ticlQ~ ol~
~and, ~oil and on ~ar~ous ~aarin~, anlD~ nd hu~an acQs; and in an~ on plant l~ u#~ and ~ c~
skin and ~uco~al BUr~a~CE16~ 0~ thEI gastroint~t~nal . . .
'' .

.. ...
. 28 --trac~, vaginal canal, and or~l ci~vity in ~rm a~
hea.vlly coloni~ed by a variety o:~ indigenou~ adheren~
bact~ria~ It i5 recognized that adheren-:e o~ bacteria to ~ur~ace~ in man i-~ an important det~rminant, in coloni~at~on o~ speci~lc ~ites, a~ an early ~vent in the pathenog~ne~ls o~ bac:t~arial .Ln~ tlon~ and the develop~eIIt o~ b~ly ~ odor, p~rticu~arly in t~l3 underar~, rOot and uro~ nital aroaE~.
The m~chan~s~ ~y which bacteri interact with sur~ac~a~ appQars to involve ~peci~ ole~eular ligands :. or adha~ins on th~ ac~ o~ bactQria tha~ int~rlock by a nloc~ and k~y" ~achanis~ with r~cQptor mol~cul on tl~e ~urrace to b~ ~olonizi3d. Such ligand0 or adh~lnEI ~Ray b~ compl~x ~ugar- or oligo~accharide;
: 15 b~nding prote~ truc1:ur~ call~ cti~, or co~plQx, ~ult IL-~ranched oligo~acch~rid~ side chain~ that bind to - com~l~en~ary ~ as on t:h~ ho~t c~ ol~aule. which bind to eil:her lig2md (adhesi~) ~ite~ or rec~ptor sit~
aan inhibit bacterial ~ttachQIent to host ~ur~c~.
2 0 Acaordin~ to the pr~nt ~ v~nll:lon ~ ~rariouE~
~t~ria1s ~hi~h can 1nhib1t bact~r1~1 a~a~ nt to ho~t ~ur~aoa~ (sp~3cl~eally, to the ~kin ~ur~a~ o~
~.g., a hu~an body), o~r th~ ~am~oE~ ~d g1uco~ and o11gomes~s th~ar~o~, h~ve l~n Ioun~ Such ~terial~

..

2 ~
., ` ............................ .
,, ~ as --.

includa ~rariou~ c:arbohydrat~, includlIlg ~o~o~ac-charidQ~ and polysaccharid~, and protQlrls (including ~rario~ gly~oproteins), a~ discu~ed spe~ ~ioally abcve .
0~ the preYiou~ly ll~ted glycoproteins, laminin - and collagen have been repQrtad to b~ nd cert~ln S~phy~"Q~ ci tsuch a~ ou3rld on hu~ kin O
Glycopro~ein~ suc~ a3 ~ibronectln, la~inin, collagerl, and 1. acid glycopr~t~ln o~ bov~na origln, ~hat can inhlbit adherenc~ o~ ~lodor-~au~in0 b~:t~ri~
to ~che3 ~Icln, ~rom lt:i68ue orisJ~n or in circulat~ng ror~
in pla~ andl plat~letst are o~ par~icular ~ntere~t.
F~bronsc~in ig a 440, 000 dalton s~lycoprotein. ~
illu~tratlve collagen glycoprotQin i~ a Typ~ III, acid 80~ coll~g~n ~rom cEIl~ skin, proviclQd by Sig}aa C~ical Co,, P~ttentlon i~ direct~d to he ~ollowi~ag re~rence~3, d~cribing Yarioue glyoop~o~ein~ conten~3 o~ ea¢~
s~ thQse r~rence~ ar~ or~rat6~d hsr~ln by reg~-r~nc~ ir ~lltirs~y:

1. Grinn~ C~ll a.~tach~a0nt ;~nd Spreadlrlg Factor~ ag~ 26~-92, in ~uro~ d~), G~ wt and ~tu~Eact~ (John W~ l~y 1~ Son~, ~e~ York);

.

:' '. .

? ~
,' .
. -- 3~

inman, ~t alO, NRol~ o~ Collag~Ilou~
~trlce~ in the Adhe~lon and Growth o~
CQ115'q, in ~I~lL ~.;L, 88, 473;
( 19B1);

3. Yamada, "Cell Su~ace Inte~ractions with :Extracellular ~qaterlal~
~iQcl~, 52 , 7~1-7g9 ( 1983 );

4. 5chaer~er, UB~ctQrial A~sren ~", ~ ~, p~g~EI 131 1~7 1~ ( 19B4 ~ d

5~ Ohto~o, ~t ~1., "Adhe~lon ~i~ ~h~
to Fibrirlogen, Co~ g9al and ~n in R~lation to C~ll Sur~aG~ Structur~", ~ ~3~9~, A268, 325-340 (1988).
.
carbohydr~tes liot~d her~ln r~ng~ ~xo~ ~ pl~
~ug~r3, 3uch ~1~ galac~o~e, to oligom~ nd ~ r , c~rbohydr~te~ (large poly~ac:oharid~). Op~a~ ha~n suga~ can be u~d.
, whlch c~ ~o~ part o~ ~ colR~o~ition o~ prQ~ent ~n~ ~nt~on, ar~ de~erib~l in th~ pre-viou31y 3~nt:ion~d IJ.S. Pa~0nt ~iroO 4,737,359 to ~igen, ~t ~1., th~ cont~nt~ o~ ~hlch ar~ ineorpor~tad h~r~in by re~re~ uch ~aul~ , a~ w~ll a~ x~nthan ~, al~inis: a~ld~D an~ ~lglnate~ r ~, lo~u~t ~5 ~R 9~ g~ a3as, s:~rage~n~ d ~ra~
th~r~o~, ar~ produ¢t~ p~odlue~d by v~rlou~
~aiCrOOrg~ D q~hQ od~U~ ad/or ~ o~ r su~s ~d matQrial~ r~rqnced h~r~ith w~ich c~ b~ utllizat . -.

, ~ 31 --ac::ording to the pre~ç~nt inventiorl are not li~itad to poly~accharid~ produced by a ~pecific ~icroorganis~, but lnclude xanthan gU~DlB or alginic ac$d~ and alginate~ guar gU1118, locu~t bean ~llm8~ g~llilll gUnl3 and carage~nans ~roduced by di~î~rent ~nicroorganis~.
A~ indicat~ pr~viou~ly, co~po~ition~, h~ving inço~porated ~er~in carbohydr~t0s ~nyor prot~
according to th~ ]?n38e~nt ~nventi~n, al80 include v~hicl~ such that the co~po~itions c~ be used a~ a ~tick deodorant, a roll-sn~ ~n aero~ol~ a ~uspen810n~
etc:. Illu~tr~tive etick daodorant compo~itions, ~i~
~olant~ o~ ~ach c:o~ponent, are~ set ~orth in t~he ~ollowing For~ul altion~ A ~nd B~ In 'che For~nulation~a, th~ peroentag~ are perG~ntages by w~ight. o~ cour~, ~h~ ~ollo~ing ~or~ulatiorls ar~ r~ly illu~tr~tlv~, and arQ ns:~t llDaitlng o~ pr~ ent in~rl2ntle~nO
." ~Q~i~
Propyl~ne~ Glyc:ol ~o- 80%
W~r 5~
8u~c~ Ca~ drat~ o~ Prot~l~0.05 - 20P8 .. o 5t ~etalli~: ~oap ~uch ~ t~ t6~) 3~ 10%
Fr~granc~ O- 3 It ' ' ' .

;. ~ 3~ -.
.. .

Fomlul~ion ~
Dibenzyl ~onosorbitol Acetal or Other Dibenzyl Sorbitol~ 2 - 10%
Propylen~ Glycol 20 - 80~6 Wat~r ~ 50%
Su~ject C~rbohydrate or Protein 0 . 05 - 20%
- Ethyl Alcohol o - 40~
. O~her Gl~ols 0 ~ 1~%
. 10 Oils, Silicones, MethylatQd ~plrit~ o - ~0%.
ot~er G~llant~ Such a~
EIydroxy Ethyl C~ lo~ O - 2 The co~nposition~ o~ px~sent i~v~nt~on can b~
~ormed by conventionzll tl3C:~liqUQ8 ~ îor exaD~pl~, convention~ ixlng teahnit3ues, and can includs other co~npon~nt~, apar1: ~rQD~ th~ ~rehicl~ and adher~nc~- ~ rihibitlng ~oat~r~ ~1, that ar~ conv~nti4n~1 in the ~rt. A~ ~or variou~ ~oat~rials ut~liz~d in conv~n-tional deodorant co~poeitions, note, i~o~ exampl~, ~.S. Pat~n~ No. 4,~40,742 to Marschn~r (~articularly with r~p~ct to 3tick~3~, ~d ~.S. Patent 2~o. 4,15~,416 .: ~o Spltz~r, ~ al. ~p~rticul~rly wi~h re~p~c~
. , .
a~aro~ol~ hQ ::on~nt~ o~ a~ch o~ whlch ~re ln~o~e-porat~ her~ln by r~2~r~
qha aO~ L0118 acaording to ~0 pris~nt lnv~t~o~ can be con~entiorl~lly incorpora~d 1~ a p~ckalg~, and u~Qd a~ don~ conv~ntlonally.

;'.

r3 ~

: --33--ollowlng eX2~11p~ B arl~ illu~trati~ o~
the invention, it will ~e und~r~tood that it i~ not irltonded to ~e invention ~o thE!Be eXa~lDple~S.
EX~IES 1 - 10 (SOAP-BAS~I7 DEODORANq! STIC~) :3~r~t 1 2 3 ~I 5 ~ 7 a 9lo Frop~ Glycold5 7565 0 56 060 0 62 053 072 0 70 0 70 0 70 0 WoC-r 20 020 020 0 20 020 0 Z0 021 0 20 0 21 0 20 0 D-G-lJct~o 2 5 5 0 -~ a.o5.0 ---- o.~ ----0.5 N-Acot~4Luco ~n- 2 5 ---- 15 02 52 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ----N-Ac-tyl~d-ctoJ~slno ~--- --~~ -~-- 2 52 0 ---- ---- 0 5 ---- ----D-Fucoll- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1 015 0 ---- ---- ---- ----Flbronoc~in ---- ---- ---- ---- --~- ~--- 1 0~~-- 1 O
~anth~n Gum ~--- ~~~~~~~~ ~~~ 0 5 Sod~ o------------- ----- 1 0 1 5 Fr~8r~nc~ -- 1 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1 0 ---- 1 5 N-4ED~A 2 0 2 0Z 0 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----2 0 lr~-s n DP-300 0 25 - - ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----S~diUD St-~ :t:o 7 07 ~7 07 07 07 0~ ~7 57 0 ~ 0 2 ~ L ~
. --34 ~: EXAP~PI,E5 11 16 (D13~SA-~D DEODORAN'r ~;TI~S) . ~
~n~t 11 12 13 ~.- lS lU

D~b-n~l t*no~orb~ c~-l 2.5 1.5 3.01.3 1.5 1.5 Prop~ Glyeol 55 . 065 . 0 ----6'5 . 0 66 . 0 65 . 5 Dlprop~ Glycol ~ --- 37 . O -~~~~~~~ ~~~~
W~t-r 24.524.510.020.0 22.220.0 Et~l fllcohol ---- ---- 30.0 ---- ----H-~hyl Pyrrolidono 5.0 ---- ---- ---- S.0 S.0 Ac~ d- I~A ---- 5.0 7.0 5.0 Fln--ol~c ~JUeehol ~en~oe~-) S.0 2.05.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 ICluc--l Mr 0,5----------------o.5 ------_ ____ D-G~l-ct~ Z. S ---- 7 . 0 ~--- ----2 . 0 H-Ac-~yLæLuco-~ o 2.5 ---- ---- 5.0 ---- 2.0 ~D~n Gu~ ----- 1.0------- -------- -------- 0.5 Fl~ren~cUD ---- ---- ---- ----0. ~ 0 . g N~4ED~A 1. 0 ---- 1. 0 ---- 1. 0 ----Fr~r~s- 1. 0 ---- ~-~- ~~~~ 1. 0 ----.
~' 2 ~

. ..
EX~S 1~ - 21 (S~18PENSIO~J R01~-ON~) (% ~w) Ins~radlent 17 18 19 20 21 Talc 15 . 015 . 0lB . 0 18 . 018 . 3 Bentone 38 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 SD--40 Alcohol l.S 1.2 1.5 1i5 1.5 Cyclo~n~thicone73 . 567 . 873 . 576 . 375 . O
Fragranc~ 1. 0 ~ l o 0 Na4EDTP~ 1. 0 -~ 1. 0 1. 0 D--G2l1actose3 . 0 3 . O 1 . ~
N-~catylqluco6aDIin2 1. 010 . O 1. 0 Sodlum AlginateloO O~!; 0~5 ~~ O~!!;
Xanthan Gu3~ 0 . 5 ~ 0 ~ 3 Flbronect~ n ~ 0 . 2 0. 2 .:' ` 2 ~

E~i~ica~:y o~ deo~:lorant coDipoE3~tisn~ according to the presQnt invention is demon~trated in the ~ollowlng.
Six (6) ~al~ vol~teer-q ab~tained ~rom th~3 u~ o~
und~rarm antiperspirar~t product.~ ~or a period o~ two we~k~. Yolunts~rs used only standardized deodorank product . Two day~ prior to th~l f ir3t appl ic:ation o~
te~t ~a~rial, vol~t~r~ t~in~d rrOla the U8~131 O:e a und~rar~ product; volunt~er~ dld not w~h th~ir axllla~
~or one day pr~or to thl. ~irst application. Th~
axilla~ o~ tha ~ix t6) voluntser~ wQr~ e~7~1uata:1 ~or und~rar~ Dalodor on th~ D~orning o~ th~ ~lr~ t~
materi l application to en~ure that ~igni~icant ~alodor wa~ ~re~erlt. Ai~ter a ona-minut~ wa~hln~ wit:h tepid wat~r, 0.5 gra~Qs t~t mat~rial was appl~ed to the axilla~ tQ~gt DlatQrial of Exa~ onnula~ed ~
a stick, ~ra~ applied to on~ axilla, wh~l~ ~Q deodor~t ~tl~3c ba~ without car~ohydrat~ or E3rot~in) wa~
;~ applied to ~h~ contxalzl~r~l axillaL. Odor ~avalu~io w~r~ ~da by thQ 511b~QC't~l 12 11OUr~31 and ~ ho ~ollowlrlg product ~pplic~tisn by in~ ing ~d rot~t~
a gla88 tl!~ ttab~ in l:ha axilla ~n~ lua~lng ~ odor on ~ tle!5t i~ rha o~or pre~ent on ~e ~t tU~
Wa.8 grad~d on ~ o~ 0-10, 0 bQing no no~
odor and 10 bolr g a ~tro~g r-pugnant odor.

,~

2~9~ ~

. - 37 -Th~ re~ult~ o~ the t~8t de~on~rat2 that thQ tel~t mat~rial from Exa~ple 1 produced a greater redurtion in axillary malodor than a ~imilar ~on3~ula, withou4 th~
carbohydrate~. The Table below provid@~ the numerical tl2~3t result~:

.:
. Pro~uc~
Te~ at~rial 2 . 7 3 . O
Control . . 4 . 5 3 . 7 peci~ic s~xaalple o~ the an~lytic:al tec~hniqu~"
di~cu~edl pr~viou~ly, ~or deter3nlnlrlg wheth~r ~
spQci~ic matQrial inhibit~ ad~ enca o~ mzllodor cau~ing bacteria to the~ ~kin9 particul~rly the~ ~kin at axill~ry ~- r~glons o~ a body, wlll bs ~t i~orth in the Xollowing.
.. A~ will b~3 s~sn, a~ r~nc~ hibit1ng ~ c~ ~an b~
investlgatad ~rithout appllcatlon to a living ~;ody.
-qh~ r~sult~ ~ho~n ~a conn~ction wlth the ~ollo~ring ~alytical ~x~ple ~t l~orth Q:~0Ct$'Vla~lle~ EI an r~nc6~ ltlng ~3~t~riai, Or ~ariou~ ea~r~ohydrzllt~a an~l prot31n~ w$thi~ op~ prQ3e~YIt ln~ n~or;, a~ad alsc) ~e~ ~or1:h colapar:L30ns ~lth oth~r ~t~ri~l~
outside the ~oopQ of ~ pre~e!n~ lnv~ntion. or .. .

.

~ ' ~
2 ~ 5 ~
. . .
. -- 3~ --.

cour~e, thi~ ~x~npl~ i~ not lilllitiLng, æad i~ merely illu . ~rative of the pre~nt invention.

Anal,~ical ~xamp~,e ' ~e~s3~.
- Skin ~icroorgani~ms ~rere iLsolat~d ~rom the axillae o~ tQn h~lthy hu~an vollmt~r~ ncl ~ 3.
r~up ;, a~d ~gh~g~ ~s21;~ 1677 wer~ al30 ob'caisled. Ti~Q
latter ~acteria were indud~cl a~ control~ ~or ~
adherenc~ exp~ri~ent8. ~[icroorganis~as wera ~a$n~ained elth~r by ~labt:ultu~ on blood ~gar plate~ or trypticas~
~oy agar ~as~ wi~ 5~s di~ibrlnated sh~p'~ blood.
~:ock culturQ~ wer~ ~roz~n 2~ -20-C in ~e~i-~olld t~tlc~e ~oy agar rOr a~rob~ and chopp~d ~at c~r~ohydrat~ ~ro~h ror ~na~robesD ~or ~ ~Q
adh6~rQnc~ ays tha l~pophilic cory~ebact~raa w~r~
s~ri~lly subcslltu~Qd khre~ tim~ ~or p~rlod~ o~ 2~ hr~,, in t~pto~ ~roth ~ith 0.5~ a~-80.

~= ~_ I8Q1~tiOn 0~ roors~ ro~ th~ axlllae ~a~
p~rror~d by addl~lon o~ o~ ~ 0.1% Trlton X-100 aolutlon onto ~ t~rll~ g~a~8 cy~ r p~ac~d ~lnQly o~

e~

-~ ~ktn in the axilla (total ~IrQa 3.8~2)~ The ~luid wa~3 stirred vigorously ~or 1 min. with a Te3~10ll rod and coll~cted. ~he latt~r prooedur.e was r~p~ated aIld th~
two samples were pooled. To help in th~a recovery o~
- 5 anasrobe~, oxyyen~free C02 wa~ appll~d ov~r the collQct~d ~a~ples and thQ tuba~ wer~ capp~d and cool~d to 4-C. ~11 sa~lnple~ w~r~ proce~d ~ithln 8 hrs. oP
collq~ction. Volunt~er~ wer~ ~k~d not tu u~e d~c~orants and only ~o wa~h ~rith a Dlild BOZ1.p ~or 8 days prior to ~a~pling t~ir axilla~ ~ndl~rldual sampl8~
wQr~ ~ari~lly dilut~d and platQd onto norl-prereduc~d and prarsducQd blood agar platQs (BAP). Aerobic and ana~roble incub~tion condit~olls w~r~ ~aintained gor 3-5 day~ at 3 7 ~ C, at which tlmQ ~ln~l baetePi~l eolmts o~
both aerobQs and anaerob~ wer~ m~d~. ~xillary ~ampl~
war~ proe~s~d ln~d~ ~n a3~a~aroble g10VB bOX. ~11 ~ieroorg~nis~EI wQr~ 'cs~t~d rOr lipophllic:1 ~y by ~ub~ultur~ on BAP with 0.5~ Twe~n 80 ~n~ ineu~tion under a~robl~ or anaerobi ~: aondltloru ~ 37~ ~or 4 hr ~ieroorgan~ ~at d~ons~a~d Qnhanc:ed growt~
s:~r pigmenta~ion on thi~ llpid ~upple~ t~d growth ~n~liu~ wer~ con~ld~r~d li~oph~lle.

,. .a~ --~P~ a~
Human ~pithellal ~E) cells (primary culture :ero normal human epidermal keratinocyt~) were used to assesa the ad}lerenc:e o~ the axillary mic:roorgani m~.
Cell6 wer~ r~u~panded i~ pAosphat~-buf~ered ~aline (PBS) and wa~h~d thr~ tlmes by di~erential centri-~ugation (500 rp~) wit~h a vigorou~ aglt~tlon bat~633~n wa~heEI. Dli~er~3n~i~tion o~ EE c~ wa~ inc3lucQd by additlon o~ calc~ hlort de ( CaC12 ) to a conc~ntr~tion o~ 2 ~Pl/L, X)iI~er~ntlation was asse~d by D~ound.
for~atlo~ (3 to 5 l~yer~ o~ cell~) durlng l~ le culturl3 and by a modi~ied Ayoub-Shkl~r's ~tain ror di~en~iat~d epil:hel~al cell8. HUlaaTl ~3plth@lial c:ell~
wer~ grown in k~ratinocyt~ growth D~adium. C~ll line~
were c:ultur~ md~r ~n atmo~ph~re o~ 5% C0;! alt 3 Ce~ n~F~ w~r~ ~ubc~lltu~d at th~ ~0113wing int~r-r2al~: 8 dzly~ ~or undi~ferentlat~d ~13 ce~lls, ~nd ~ 16 day~ ~or dl~Ser~n~ia~ed ~: c~118. ~0~1 c~ 138 w~ harv62st~d b~ addition o~ a ~ryp~ln (0.25 g/I~) and 2 3 }5DTA ( 0 .1 g/ ~ ~olution . ~3: c~ w~re ~a~h~d with ~pe~ ~u~r prlor to th~ t~ps~nlz~iorl and an ~nl:it~yp~ln ~olution WaB ad~ed to n0u~r~11z~
~nzy~a~lo r~a~:~ton. ~ 3 w~rs ~lo~r~d 'I:o recov~r ~ro~
tryp~iniza~lon proc~du~ or ~-~ hr8. in growl:h ... .

- 2 ~

-- 41 ~

mediu~ under a 5% C02 atDio3pher~ at 37C. ~arve~ d oell~ were washed thre~ ti~es by centr$~ugatlon ~ 3 min., 1500 rpm) with PBS (p~I 7 . 2, 0. û67 ~1) and r~su~-pended ln ~ulbecco ' g pho~phate~-bu~i~ered ~al ~ rl8 to a ~lnal concentraltion o~ 0.5-1.0 x 10~ c~ /ml.
Su~;pen~ions w~re standardiz~d i.n a h~macyton~t~r prior ~o us~.

In Yltro Bacte~ial Ad~rencQ A~aLy~
Fii~ty ~1 o~ th~ individual b~ct~r~al ~3uspension (1.5 x lû8 bacter~ or ana~rok~ and ~.0 x 108 bacteria/~l ~or a~robe~) wors add~d ~o 50 ~1 o~ cell ~uEIpen~siorl ( 0 . 5 to 1. 0 x 106 Ce~ ) and inc:ubatæd ~or 30 ~in. while rocking at roo~ ~3nperattare~. A 2g ~1 inoculum wa~ vacu~ :Eiltered c~nto a polye~rbon~te ~tlter (por~ ~iZ~ 8.0 ~ Qll~ on the i~ilt~r wEar~ ~shed ~ r21!~ tl~ with starilQ d~s~ d wat~r ~o re~ov~ non-adherent b~a~ri~. A3~ter ~lxi!~gion w~1:h 95%
~t~anol~ 1~ha cQll wi~:h a~t~ Qd b~e~3ria wQr0 ~r~
s~ained on t~aa :eill~r. Thçl!-nu~b~r o~ bac:~ria atl:ac:~ing to 20 Qpit~lial c~ o~ed u~ing liçlht ~icro~:op~ w~th a ~ool D~aS~i~ic:a~ion Or lOOOx.
Experlm~ant~ w~r~ run ix~ dupli~:a~o and ~hree ind~ du~l bli~d r~lsdlng~3 wer~ d~ on ~ach ~

. . .

2 ~
~ ~2 The following co~pound~ w~3re a~ayed for their ~ec~ on the a~herQalc~ o~ skin ~icroorga~ to epithelial cells: 50 ~g/ml hu~an ~ibronectin, wheat g~rm agglutin (Triticu~ Vulgari~) and ~acJt bean lectin . .
(concona~alin A~, 17 mg/ml final conc:entrations o~ D(~) ~uco~e, D~+~ galacto~, D( ~) mlann~o~3~
N--ac~tyl D-gluc~a~in~ (NAGA~, sucro~ ~ul~a~, and dextran, and 3 . 4 ~ag/ml hydrolyzed ~ alginat~. In the adhsr~nc~ inhibition a~ay~ 5û 1ll of the! com~ound to ~ tQsted ~ra~ add~d to the H}: c~ ~ vl~ or 5 min. bQ~ora adding~ bact~rial ~u~p~n~ion~.
.
Stat:l3tiGil 1~8~A
Th2 ~tud~n~ 3 T-t~t ~or detQr~in~ ng ~igni~ica~t di~r~nc~ b~tw~en pairs o~ data wa~s u~d to co~p~r~
r~e~ult~ fro~ the~ adherence and in211b$~ton o~
. adher~nc:~3 a88~!1y~ Pl.lnitab pro~r~ for Il~ GOI~lpUt~a~S waE~ e~ployed ~ he p v~lu~ W~ et ~ 0.0~ ~eiEore ~:he Qxp~riDIen~ WQ~e run-2 0 R~ult~
In co~eo~ion wi~ r~ no~

.
~'"`

... .
'"' 2 ~

whiGh are 8Ql: ~orth a~ter th13 di~cu~lon Or ~hQ
re~ults.
Forty-nine aerobio and anaerobic microorgani~
were isolated ~roDn the axillae o~ lû healthy male and f~male hum~n volunte~r~ ~Tab1Q 1). A~ a group, th~
~taphyloccoc~ were ~o~t ~rQqu~ntly isolated anA
5. h~ wa~ i~ol~ted ~ron 8 o~ th~ 10 volunt~rsu l~lpophilic aerobe~ and ~naerobe~ were l~olat~d ~ro~ 7 o~ 10 ~ub~e~ts (Table 1). The nw~-ar o~ bacteria l~olated vari~d widely ~xo~ 5 . O x 102 to 2 . 9 x 1o6 CFlJ/DIl/2 ~ 8 ~2 ~or lipophillc asrobe~ ~nd ~rom 2 . O x 102 to 5 . o x 106 CE U/~1/2 . ~ cm2 ~or lipophllic ~erob~s. ~on lipophilic aerob~ pr~dom:inated in all o~ the E~ cts and ~ wide ~:on~ntration r~nge (4 . Q x 101 to 6 . 9 x 107 C$~1/2 . 8 c~ ) w~a ~vldent (Tabl~ 13 .
~ln~a aaroblc ~d ~ver~l an~ro~ diphth~20id~
w~r~ t~t~d i~or ~ir adh~rQnc~ to ur~di~ er~nt~at~d and .:. . dl~rt~r~nt:ialtQd H15 C~ 8- Xn a dltion to thel~8~el micro-Org~iE~D18o Zl C~eb~s~i~ group J-R, ~_~
~P~h~ and ~Çh~hL~_o~i ~tr~ 167~) wer~
~ ~cluded aD controlR . ~Q~ avelrage nu~@,r (~a~ed on 6 readirigs o~ 2 as~ay~) o~ aexobic dlpht:h~roid~ adharlng to 20 epith~l~al C~118 i8 ~hown in ~ablel 2. I
gsaneral, both aerobi ~ 2 ) and ~n~robic diph~hsroid~ adhered betk~r to di~erent~at~d HE cell~
than ~o undi~rentiated ~I:E c21,1~ (p ~:0. 05) .
~annosQ, galactose, ~uco~e!, NAGA and PN were assayed for their capaclty to inter~er~ with th~
. 5 adherence of a~robic diphthQroid~ to undi~fer~nti~t~d and di~ferentiated H~ cell~ (TablQ 3 ) . All of th~
compounds had the c~p~city to inhibit attanh~nt o~
skin b~ct~ria to di~r~rQ~atiated or undi~Qr~ntiated t:ell3. Overall, ~anno~ app~ared to h~vQ the be~t capacity to inhibit bacterial adherem::~ to undl~eren-tiatq~ cell~ (87.5 to 99.4~s inhibitiorl); how~ver, manno~3e inhibition of adh rence to di~erentiated call~
~53.9 to 90.3%) ~rarled wi~ icroorganlsDI te~ted and w~ not con~st~ntly hlgh with dll o~ th~ i~ol~t , ~: 15 te~t~d.
. ~ Wi~ th~ ~xc~p~1e;n ~r a poor capac~ty to inh~ig attachm~nt o~ olai:~ 1) and D~ (group J-~, g~lac:to~ wa8 ablE! to inh~llt ~t ch~ o~ a~roblc ~Xln ~c~rla to d~
rçintiat~d epitheli~l c2all~ b~t~r (70 ~o 90~ lnhi bltion: Tabl~ 3) than ~oae~ ~AG~, ~uco~ and ~. ~r g~eral, ~ucoae9 NaGa an~l ~ wer~3 eonsi~e~tly abl~ to iDhik~lt at~ach~Gent o~ a~robic: akin b~c~ri~ to both di~r@n~lat~d ~nd land~ rerl~la~d H~ c~ ; how~ver~

' 2 ~

~- -- 45 ~

lnhibition oï ad~a~rQIlce wa~ more Qvident wil:h di~rea-tiated }IE cells l:han with undi.fîerentiated cQll~.
Sucro6e, elaulsan1 de~tran, hydrolyzed ~odlu~
alginate, jack bean lec~-in andl wheat ger~ lectin wer~
as~ay~d for their cap~city t:o int~r~ere with the adharence o~ aerobic dip~hQroid~ to di~er~nt$at~d HE
Cell8 tTablQ 4). Emul~n and hy~roly~od ~o~!ll~
algin~e app~ar~d to h~v~ tha be~t cap~city to inhlbit bac~arial adheranG~ to dl~rerent~at~d Cell8 (e~uls~n 76 . 8% ~o 9~. 8% and ~o~ium alginate 73 0 9~ c7 93 . ~%~ .
Sucro~e and dextran demon~trat~d a. p or cap~c:ity ts~
inhibit adherQIIc~ (-1208~6 to ~2.6~6 and -9.0% to 53.û~
resp~ tively~. X~e two l~c:tin8 pro~ot~d ~act~r~al adherenc:~ ~o all ~l~gQren~ia~d c~118- l'he inc:r~Q in adh~rexlc~ ~a~ ~o large ~at th~rQ were too ~y bact~rla to count: ther~or~; no dat~ ~or 1:~es~ l~o~
are provld~d in Tabl~ 4 -A~ $~3sn lr~ s~going and in T~bl~ 3, aerob:Lc and arlaeroblc diE~hth~roid~ ~e~ons~rat~d a~
incr~a~d calpacll:y to adhar~ to dl~r~t~a~d cQll~. The~ r~ults arQ duEs to ~ ac~ ha~, oi~
c6~11s us~d, ~e d~r~rsn~laat~d ~I}3 c~ ~o~t c:la~ly s~bl~ ~e 3ur~ac~ ~plth~ l cell~ ~our~d iLn ~h~
~pid~ . 'Jari~bility in t:h~a ad~er~nc@l capacity Or ... . .

-: 2 ~
.. ,~ ~; .
.

, dlr~eren~ i~olate~ o~ aerobic and anaerobi ::
d~phtheroid~ wa~ ~vident:. For IQscampla, C. minutl ti~aolate 23, C~-~r~el~ ~ = grlaup G-2 and P. acnes ~ers: typa 1 ( i601ate 3 ) d~onstrated a greater capacity .: 5 to adher~3 to di~rentlated HE ~ than th~la oth~3r aQrobic and anaerobic i~olat~s.
Although th~ adhQr~nce inhibition data providecl her~witht n r~er~ to aerobic bac:t~rl~, thl~ analytlcal ~ethod equ~lly apE~ as to anaerobic bacteri2l9 Although th~ adh~r~nc:a of di~rer~nt b~c:ter$al i80121:e~3 wa~ inhlbit~d to varylng degr~ y th~
compoun~s teRted, mamlose gave the be~t inhlbltion o~
bactarial ~dherenca to undi~Ierentlat~d ~: c~
whsrea~ galacto3e, FN, NAGa, ea~llals~n and hydrolyz~d . 15 ~odltna alginat~ ~howed a good capaclty to inhi~it adhQr~ncs to di~rentlated E13 c~ . Thes~ adh~renc~
3tudi~ indica~e~ tha~ a man~o~ ~indlng ~dhe~sin on ;I c~ll w~ll o~ diphtheroid~ ~y. b~ implic~t~d in their a~her~nce~ to un~ r~tl~t~d HE c~llt3., ~lmilarly, ~ 20 Dlanno~se ~nd galacto~sse, ~S;;A ~Dd ot~r r6~cep~0r~ ma~y 13 in~olv~el in bactar~al adh~r~en:~ to di~$ersn~1at~d ~:
c~llsl. Fibron~ct~n ~y al80 plZ~ly ~1 rol~ ~n attac:hm~t o~ diphth~roidEI to undi~Qr@~tiat~d a~ di~er~ntiat~d C9~ hQE~la r~BUlt~ $ndicat~ th t ~v~ral ~actors , 2 ~
"~7 _ .
:

mediat:Q the adherenc:~ oi~ the~Q sXin ~croorg~nls~s to epithelial cells. Th~ ~ Yit~o adherenc~ and adher~nce inhibition as~ay~ described her~in demon~trate that b~cterial adh~sin~ and receptors on epithelial cell5 may play an ilaportant rolQ ln skin ecology, and may explain the predominanc~ and per~i~tanc~ o~ certair group~ c~ cteria in thQl!ill3 ~3coi3y8t:~.
~A ~e~n ln the ~or~going ~nalytical ~x~pl~, kh~
u~e o~ 2pith~1ial cell~ which ar~ d~xiv~d ~ro~ hu2!lan ~kin provides a conv2ni~nk ia v~,~t~Q Dlodel ~or th~ ~tudy o~ adherQnce o~ skin microor~ s~ r~ hava be~n sever~l att~pts to per~orDI bacterial adherenc~ ~tudies diractly on human ~kin: howevQr, th~ ~nethodology sub~tanl:ially modi~ie~ s3cin en~ironment and thu~
it~ dlgenou~ ~lcrorlora. In ~ddltion, oth~r norDIal ~lora DlicroorS~ y inter~r~ wi~a such ~ $n ~it~~
studie~, a~d cQ:e~aln skin clean~ing agen~ could D~odi~y adhQ~in~ and recep~ors.

--4~-TP.BL~: 1. Bac:teria I~olated from ~u~an P,xilla~

Fr~quency 0~ Isolat~on Rang~ Ob~rved Bacterial Strains__~rore~10 Sub~ ect~ .
AEROBIC, NON-LIPOP~ILIC:
Staphyloc:occi S. hominis 8/10 1. 9x104 -5.0X106 S . sciuri 1/10 1. 7X10 S . haemol~tticus 5/10 1. 2xlO2 -9 . O~elO5 S . warneri 3/10 1. 7X10 -6. 9X10 $ . eDidena~dis 5/10 3 . 2X105 -3 . 6~C104 S . ca~ ~ 1/10 8 . 5xlO
S. aur~cular;L~1/10 1. ~X107 S . ca~i~a~ 1/10 1. 3x10 Micrococçi ~. luteu~ 3/10 8.0X101 -5.3X106 -: ~. sedentarius1/10 6. 4x103 ~. varians - 1-/10 4 . OX10 Flavobac~:~riu~ vdoxar~s l/lo 1. 5x105 AEROBIC, I,IPOP~ IC:
cory~eb~G:t~ 3 4 L~ 2/10 2 . 4xlO
C. 1/10 2 . 9X102 C~. group F-l 1/10 6.0xlO
C~. group J-:~1/10 1.7x104 . group G-2 1/10 8 . I:~X10 1/10 5.0x102 .. C~ grou~ 1/10 4 . 4xlO
AN~ROBIC, I IPOP~IILIC:
P~ I aCrles E~ero~ 1 3/10 7 . 0Xlo2 ol . 3~ 5 acn~
~rotyl?~ 2 4/10 ~.OxlOa -5"o~ao6 3 ~1 3X1O6 ~29~L~ g~P~ 10 ~o~XlO
lJl~ 1~6X10 r 2 0 ~
~ ' ~4g--~ '' .
TAB~: 2. Adherence o~ Aerobic 5kln Bacteria to Hu~an Epith~lial Cells .
Human_Epithelial tHE) Cell~
Bacte~ial Strains ~Z~di~erentlat~ed Di~Eent~ted ~ ~ . . __ - C. minuti~siu~
~- Isolate 1 193 ~ llb 190 ~ 5 I~olat~ 2 128 ~ 12 49R
~- C. P~euslQ~er~ulQsi~
I~ol~t~l 1 172 ~ 7~34 + g I~olate 2 158 1 921G ~ 14 C. group F 1 1~3 ~10 434 *2Z
c. group G-2 253 ~26 >500 C. xero~is 201 ~15 266 ~16 C. group C 169 1'7 324 1 6 C. group J~ 191 * 7 316 ~~B
C. group J-}~ ~5I~ 2 + ~1 201 ~ ~
c. ~h~h~g (SI.H~ 9J, + ~ 115 + 6 E. coli 1677d .. 271 ~ 16 26i 1 14 :. ' - a A~r2rag~ ~11 sizes: H:3 undir~eren~iated - 12.2 microns and ~5 di~rentiat~d - 14 . 3 ~icrons.
} Average nu~obs3r Or b~ct~ri~ ~tt~hlng to 20 ~pi~h~lial ~ 8B.
f~r~ntlation o~ p$th~11~1 ~3) c~lls ~ra~ in~luc@~ b~
~ddltiorl o~ c~l~iu~ chlori~ t ~ rin~l conc~ntr~lo~ o~ 2 ~o~/~
~o ~ g~owth ~alium.
d a~. Goll used a~ a gra~-negati~r~ con~rol ~or ac~h~r~nc~ ~tudla~.

t ' ~ ~ O

~5 0~

~ Gola~ P~
B--ot~K14~1 St~D }~1 C ~ C~I~O ~ D~
... .... . . _ _ . _ _ _ . , C, P~6udoC~--ulo-l~l~dlSS~roDtl-C-d 91~.2a -4.6 -8.7 43.6 63.4 I~ol~cc 1 Dlt~-r~tlatode 53 . 9 l~ . a 3~ . 5 76 . l B3 . 7 5,. ~roup F-l UDdlrScr-Dtl-totl 95.6 26.8 27.3 59.0 45,Y
Dlrr~rontl~ d70.3 aa.3 ac.,~ ~6.9 93.9 C. ~roup J-X UDolrS-r~nti-tod 9Z.2 i.~ 25.l 53.9 34.5 Dltr~r~ tod G~.3 77.2 54,,1~ 8l,7 9~.9 5. wlTIut~ nt~Q~d 87.~ 24.2 g7.r) 3l.û ~S.~ -IJo1~t- 2 Dlrroraltl~tod 90.3 95.G U.5 9a.B 93.0 5. ~oup G-2 Unsll~os~tl-~sd 118.~ 50.~ 4~.3 5~.3 '3.4 ~1 r~r~tl~t~d7~.0 ~.~ 77.~ ~7.~ 73.2 S ~a Un~ or~nt~od98.5 eo.7 79.5 73.1 53.2 DlYr~r~ Dti~da~.4 73.3 77.8 a2.0 72.9 . ~ro~p C Undltl-rontl-tod 99.4 70.7 49.7 liZ.l 3~.h ~lSrcrnntlq~71.0 l~g.9 93.0 BO.B 78.a ~ P re-nt~p lr~hibitlon ot bao~rl-l cttw}s~t b~ gU pl oS ~ 5S (17 m~/~l) CU~IIt-.
b P-re~t~o lnhibltiol- ot b~ct-ri-l tt-chD n~ b~ 50 ~ olutlon ot Slbr~Doec&ln.
c Dl~ rooCi-tlon ot h~n ~pitb~ l o~ duc~ b~ addltiosl Or c~elulY chlorlds to ~ t~D-l CC~C~-tl;D o~ 2 ~Qo).IL.

2 ~ 3 ~ r~

: -51-:
, TABLE 4. Inhibition o~ Adherenc~ o~ Aerobic ~cteria to Di~erentlate ~u~n ~plth~lial (~E) C~
Hydrolyz~d~
xtrana _E~ul. ana~ Na ~lgin~
C. pseudotuberculosis Isolate l 22.6 53.0 76.8 82.6 C. group F~l 11.2 -9.0 96.8 : C. group J-K 13.9 - 95.5 73.9 5. minutissium 12.8 46.0 90.1 89.0 IsolatQ 2 C. group G-2 C. xe~os1~ 8.4 38.0 94.1 89.8 C. group C lO.0 - - 69.2 g3.7 a Percentage inhibition o~ bacterial attachm~nt by ~G ~1 o~ ~ 5 (17 g~l) carbohydrat~ solution.
b P~rcentagQ inhi~ition o~ bacterlal attachm~nt by 50 ~g/ml o~ ~ 1%
(3.4 g/ml) carbohydrate æolution.
; c Di~erenti~tion Qr ~ c~lls indu ad ~y additlon o~ c~l~iu~
chloride ~o a final conc~n~ration o~ 2 ~ol/~.

2 q~

- ~2 -.
A~ ~e~an in th~ ~orQgoing, us~ o~ di~erentiat~d - cell~ in the analytlcal technique provide~ di~erant re~ult~ than the rQsult~ obtai.nQd ~hrough u~ E2 o~
undi~ferentiatQd c~lls. Furthen~or~, ~inc:Q t}l~3 di~fer*ntlated c~118 most cloalely r~ th~ sur~acQ
-. epithelial ce~ll5 ~ound in the epider~ia, th~ present an~lytical techn~ prcvidQs satll3~actory re~ults in deter~ lng whe~ar v~rious ~zlt~rial~ ~re~ lc~ciou.
in ir~hibitin~ adherence c~ malodor eausing ~ac:teria to th~ ~kin, ~n a~ to providQ e.~icaciou~ d~odorant compo~i~lon~.
, .

Compo~ltions o~ pre~ t inv~ntic~ h~e applicabillty a~ d~odorarlt~ to pr~v~nt body ~alodor, partl~larly D~aloslor arislng i~ axillary re~gio~ o~E
dy. m~ ~OmpOBl~iO~8 0~ p~Q~ Ln~ tion c~n b~ ror~d ~by con~entlori~l ~lxirlg t~dmlgulgE~O 2~Rd c~ ba utillz~ad ~ don~ c:o~ren~ion~lly ~or ~x~plo, d~pens!ling on ~h~ v~ls:l~ u~ed ln t~ o~po~ltion~, tho 2 0 co~po~ition~ c:an b~ gon~ o~ ~ ~tlclc deodor~nt g orporate~d in ~ o~ k ~ack~g~, an~ ~ppli~31 to 1:h~
~lcin a~ don~ conv~an~iorJally ~leb 8tlclc d~sdOr~lt~3 . ~
2 ~

. , .

In additlos~ annlyticnl t00hn~qu~ og~
pr~s~nt inventlon pxovide~ an i~ ~Ci~Q ~odel :l~or study o~ adh~renc~ Or skin laicroorgani~ , without nec~ssity o~ per~or~ing technigue~ la ~,vo on h~m~n skin.
Whil~a we hav~ ~hown and d~cribe~d several embodi-mQ~t~ ln acc:ord~neQ with th~ pre~3ent invention, it i~
unders~ood that t~ not li~a~t~d therl2to but i~
~usceptible o:e n~3rou~ chanye~ and ~aodi~icatiorl~ a~3 known to one having ordinary ~kill in th~3 art and w~
~:herQ~ore do not wi~h to b~3 limi~i3d to the det~
8hown ~nd described h6~rQin, ibut lnt~n~l to ~o~r ~ll ~uch D~odification~ a2 are en~o~pas~ed ~y the 8C:OpQ 0:~
th~ ~pp~ndQd claiDIs.

.
.: .

.

Claims (28)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows.

1. A deodorant composition for reducing body malodor, comprising, as a deodorant active ingredient an ingredient for reducing adherence of malodor-causing aerobic or anaerobic bacteria to skin of the body, the ingredient including a material selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins; simple carbohydrates other than mannose and glucose and oligomers and mixtures thereof, and derivatives, oligomers and mixtures said simple carbohydrates; and polymer carbohydrates;
the ingredient being incorporated in a vehicle for a deodorant.

2. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, wherein the material is included in the composition in an amount sufficient to reduce the malodor-causing bacterial population on the skin.

3. A deodorant composition according to claim 2, wherein the material for reducing adherence of malodor-causing bacteria to the skin is included in an amount of 0.05-20% by weight of the weight of the composition.

4. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, wherein said material is a glycoprotein.

5. A deodorant composition according to claim 4, wherein said glycoprotein is selected from the group consisting of fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and .alpha.-acid glycoproteins.

6. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, wherein said material is a polymer carbohydrate.

7. A deodorant composition according to claim 6, wherein the ingredient includes said polymer carbohydrate in at least partly solubilized form.

8. A deodorant composition according to claim 7, wherein the ingredient includes the polymer carbohydrate in solubilized form.

9. A deodorant composition according to claim 6, wherein the polymer carbohydrate is selected from the group consisting of emulsan, exanthan gum, alginic acid and alginates thereof, guar gum, locust bean gum gellan gum, and carageenans.

10. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of simple carbohydrates other than mannose and glucose and oligomers and mixtures thereof, and derivatives, oligomers and mixtures of said simple carbohydrates.

-- 5~S ~

11. A deodor~t Goa~positlon accc~rding to claila 10, wh~rein ~aid ~at~rial i~ s~elet:ted ~ro~ I:ha group con~i~ting o~ galaeto~e, N-ac~tyl~D-galzlctosamine, ~UCo~13, N-~c~tyl~D~glucosamirle, D-gluc:uronic acid, and derivatives and oligo~Qrs th~2rso~.

12. A deodorant composition accc;rding to clai~
1, whereirl tho ~e~lc:le include~ ~ ~elli.a~g ag~nt, wher~y th~ coDIpo~3itiorl i~ a d~cdorant ~tialc ccDIpo~itlon.

13. A d~odor~nt co~E~o~.itiorl according ~o claim 1, wh~r~ln thfs ingredl~nt i8 ~!ln lngredient ~ox r~du~ing adh~rQncQ of m~lodor-caueiny b~ctQria on h~Ln ~kin llary regionl3 o~ ~e body.

14. A d~odornAt ~03~po~itio~ ac:cording to 13, wh~r~in th~ ingr~dl~nt i~ a~ ingr~ or lnhi~lting ~ r~n¢e~ o~ ~lodor~produ~ng cnryn~b~ct~riuDI to th~ body.

150 ~ de~o~lorant c:olapo~ition ~caor~ing to c~laia 14, wherein 1:h~ ingr~ 0nt i~ an i~ di~3nt ~or i~ahl~itlng adh$re~n~ o~ ~al.~lor-produci~g dlph~h~roids on huE~ 13klsl ln ~ axlllary r~glon~ o~ 'che bod!y.

16. A ~e~od Or r~du~ g ~odr ~l~or, co~pri~i~
applyin~ ~æ ~odora~t co~ itlon o~ ~lals 1 to bo~ly.

17. A method according to claim 16, wherein said deodorant composition is applied to human skin in the axillary regions of the body.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the deodorant composition is a deodorant stick composition.

19. An analytical method for determining whether a predetermined material can inhibit adherence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to the skin of a body, comprising the steps of:
(a) preparing skin cells so as to provide differentiated cells, by culturing skin cells in a growth medium supplemented with a compound containing a divalent metal;
(b) preparing bacteria;
(c) placing the predetermined material together with the prepared differentiated skin cells;
(d) after step (c), adding the bacteria to the mixture of predetermined material and differen-tiated skin cells; and (e) counting the number of bacteria adhering to the differentiated skin cells.

20. An analytical method according to claim 19, wherein the compound containing a divalent metal contains Ca2+.

21. An analytical method according to claim 20, wherein the compound containing a divalent metal is CaCl2.

22. An analytical method according to claim 21, wherein the CaCl2 is supplemented in the growth medium to obtain a concentration thereof of 2mM.

23. An analytical method according to claim 22, wherein the skin cells are human epithelial cells.

24. An analytical method according to claim 23, wherein the bacteria are malodor-causing bacteria collected from human skin at axillary regions of a body.

25. An analytical method according to claim 19 wherein the counted number of bacteria adhering to the differentiated skin cells, after adding the bacteria to the mixture of predetermined material and differen-tiated skin cells, is compared to a counted number of bacteria adhering to differentiated skin cells when bacteria are added to differentiated skin cells without the presence of the predetermined material, so as to determine whether the predetermined material inhibits adherence of bacteria to skin of a body.

26. An analytical method according to claim wherein the growth medium is keratinocyte growth medium.

27. A method for inhibiting adherence of malodor-causing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to a body, comprising applying to the body composition including an ingredient for inhibiting adherence of malodor-causing bacteria to the body, the including a material selected from the group consisting of glycoproteins; simple carbohydrates other than mannose and glucose and oligomers and mixtures thereof, derivatives, oligomers and mixtures of said simple carbohydrates; and polymer carbohydrates.

28. A method according to claim 27, wherein the composition further includes a gelling agent, the composition being in the form of a solid stick.