CA2018854A1 - Transmitter and/or receiver unit - Google Patents
Transmitter and/or receiver unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA2018854A1 CA2018854A1 CA002018854A CA2018854A CA2018854A1 CA 2018854 A1 CA2018854 A1 CA 2018854A1 CA 002018854 A CA002018854 A CA 002018854A CA 2018854 A CA2018854 A CA 2018854A CA 2018854 A1 CA2018854 A1 CA 2018854A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transmitter
- receiver unit
- antenna
- attenuator
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
- H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
- H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
- H04B2001/7154—Interference-related aspects with means for preventing interference
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Transmitter and/or Receiver Unit A frequency-hopping radio set is disclosed which in-cludes a variable attenuator connected ahead of the antenna and serving to suppress the spurious signals generated during frequency changes and transmit/re-ceive switching operations. In response to a control pulse, the attenuation provided by the attenuator rises from a small value to a large value and subse-quently falls back to the samll value, such that during each frequency change and each transmit/receive switching operation, the antenna is decoupled from the radio set. The rise and fall of the attenuation value have a soft profile.
(Fig. 1) J. Baumann 4
(Fig. 1) J. Baumann 4
Description
2~88~
P 39 21 102.9 Transm;tter and/or Receiver Unit The present invention relates to a frequency-hopping transmitter and/or receiver unit.
Such transm;tter and/or receiver units change the fre-quency very quickly during a message transmission so as to have as much time for the message transm;ssion aspos-sible~ Therefore, the tuning and switching means in such apparatus are PIN-diode-switched capacitor un;ts and PIN-diode switches instead of conventional variable capaci-tors and relays. Another reason why the switching times shouLd be short is that power losses should be kept Low, particularly if high powers have to be sw;tched. However, the faster the switching takes place, the larger the re-sulting noise signals w;ll be, which may ;nter~ere w;th the operation of the apparatus.
Further disturbances are caused by the periodic keying o~ the transmitter. Here, the RF noise spectrum can be min;mized by controlling the RF amplitude during the sw;tch~
ing on and off via a power contro~ller. This, howeuer, adds to the expense of the transm;tter, because, ;f several ampl;fier stages are connected in ser;es, the ZPL-~t/Ke/Lo J~ Baumann 4 18 May, 1990 ~ ;
: ~ : : : :
~, '~
, - - , : , , :
- 2~8~
switching off must take place in an orderly fashion i.e., the last amplifier stage is switched off ir, accordance with a predetermined attenuation function, for which it requires the full drive from the preceding stage, and only then can the latter be switched off, too, and a little later, the oscillator is switched off, so that the frequency change can then take place. This procedure is quite complicated and time-consuming. The switching on of the transmitter ;s mostly determined by thedead and response times of the power controller and is, therefore, not so critical with respect to noise spectra. Overshoot should be avoided, however.
It i~ the object of the invention to prouide a trans-mitter and/or receiver unit which generates none of the above-mentioned spurious signals during the frequency change and/or each transmit/receive switching operation.
According to c~aim 1, this object ;s attained by a cir-cu;t arrangement whereby the transm;tter and/or receiver unit is decoupled from and recoupled to an antenna in a soft manner during each frequency change and/or each transmit/receive switching operation~ Further advantageous aspects of the invention are defined in the subcla;ms.
The novel transmitter and/or receiver unit, henceforth called "radio set", has the advantage that the design of tuning circuits implemented with PIN diodes, for example, can be optimized with respect to efficiency and switching times. The noise signals generated during switching ope-rations are suppressed by the c;rcuit arrangement because J. Baumann 4 ' : ::
- -'. : ~ , . ' . , . ':
- .. . .. : . .. ..
P 39 21 102.9 Transm;tter and/or Receiver Unit The present invention relates to a frequency-hopping transmitter and/or receiver unit.
Such transm;tter and/or receiver units change the fre-quency very quickly during a message transmission so as to have as much time for the message transm;ssion aspos-sible~ Therefore, the tuning and switching means in such apparatus are PIN-diode-switched capacitor un;ts and PIN-diode switches instead of conventional variable capaci-tors and relays. Another reason why the switching times shouLd be short is that power losses should be kept Low, particularly if high powers have to be sw;tched. However, the faster the switching takes place, the larger the re-sulting noise signals w;ll be, which may ;nter~ere w;th the operation of the apparatus.
Further disturbances are caused by the periodic keying o~ the transmitter. Here, the RF noise spectrum can be min;mized by controlling the RF amplitude during the sw;tch~
ing on and off via a power contro~ller. This, howeuer, adds to the expense of the transm;tter, because, ;f several ampl;fier stages are connected in ser;es, the ZPL-~t/Ke/Lo J~ Baumann 4 18 May, 1990 ~ ;
: ~ : : : :
~, '~
, - - , : , , :
- 2~8~
switching off must take place in an orderly fashion i.e., the last amplifier stage is switched off ir, accordance with a predetermined attenuation function, for which it requires the full drive from the preceding stage, and only then can the latter be switched off, too, and a little later, the oscillator is switched off, so that the frequency change can then take place. This procedure is quite complicated and time-consuming. The switching on of the transmitter ;s mostly determined by thedead and response times of the power controller and is, therefore, not so critical with respect to noise spectra. Overshoot should be avoided, however.
It i~ the object of the invention to prouide a trans-mitter and/or receiver unit which generates none of the above-mentioned spurious signals during the frequency change and/or each transmit/receive switching operation.
According to c~aim 1, this object ;s attained by a cir-cu;t arrangement whereby the transm;tter and/or receiver unit is decoupled from and recoupled to an antenna in a soft manner during each frequency change and/or each transmit/receive switching operation~ Further advantageous aspects of the invention are defined in the subcla;ms.
The novel transmitter and/or receiver unit, henceforth called "radio set", has the advantage that the design of tuning circuits implemented with PIN diodes, for example, can be optimized with respect to efficiency and switching times. The noise signals generated during switching ope-rations are suppressed by the c;rcuit arrangement because J. Baumann 4 ' : ::
- -'. : ~ , . ' . , . ':
- .. . .. : . .. ..
during the time that the frequency change is being effected in the radio set, ~he antenna is RF-isolated from the radio set.
An embodiment of the invention will now be expla;ned with reference to the accompanying drawing~ in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a rad;o set with an antenna, and F;g. 2 is a circuit d;agram of an attenuator and and h;gh-pass filter.
The radio set shown in Fig. i has a transmit/receive sec-tion SE, a variable attenuator DG, and a high-pass filter HP, which is connected to an antenna. The attenuator DG
is connected between the high-pass filter HP and the transmit/receive sec~ion SE~ It has a control input S
(Fig~ 2), to wh;ch a control l;ne SL coming from the transmit/receive section SE is connected.
The transmit/receive section SE uses the frequency-hopping technique and contains all the usual circuits of a radio set, including tuning circuits switched by, e~g., PIN diodes. It further includes a circuit wh;ch generates at least one control pulse during each fre-quency change and/or each transmit/recei~e switching operation~ This control pulse is applied over the con-trol line SL to the attenuator DG.
Suitable attenuators are known from "PIN-diode Designers", Handbook & Catalog PDi500 B, 1981, Unitrode Corporation,~
:
J. ~aumann 4 . . .. . - .
:: .
,, :, ~ : . . : . ~ . .
.: . . . . ..
2~8~
particularly pages 103-104 (Figs. 6-24 and 6-27).
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the transmit/rece;ve sec-tion SE is connected to the first terminal A of a -90/3 dB hybrid circu;t HY, and a high-pass filter HP
to the fourth terminal D. The second B and third C ter-minals are each grounded through a capacitor 3,9n and a resistor 50. Each of the resistors 50 is shunted by a series combination of a capacitor 10n and a coil 200n.
Each of the coils 200n is shunted by a series combina-tion of a PIN diode 47323 and a common capacitor 3,9nF, with the anodes of the PIN diodes connected to the common capacitor and to a coil 101u. The other end of the coil 10/u is connected to the collector of a pnp transistor T, whose emitter is connected through a resistor 12 to a terminal ~5~ of a voLtage source and through a re-sistor to its base. Between the base of the transistor and its control input S, t~o series combinations, one formed by a resistor 1k and a diode 1N4148 and the other by a resistor 10k and a zener diode ~PD5,1, are connected in parallel, with the anode of the zener diode and the cathode of the diode connected to the control input S. The attenuator further includes two additiona~ capacitors 10nF, through wh;ch the anode of the diode 1N4148 and the terminal ~5~ of the voltage source, respectively, are grounded.
:
By applying a square-wave voLtage puLse of t10V, the radio set is decoupled from and recoupled to the antenna in a soft manner, i.e., the attenuat;on provided by the :
, ~`
~ ~ J. Baumann 4 . . . . . . - ,. .. :
2~8~
attenuator rises from a small value to a large ~alue and subsequently falls back to the small value. The soft ri~e and fall are achieved by choosing suitable values for those components of the attenuator by which the square-wave voltage pulse is converted into a trape-zoidal current pulse, said components including the transistor T, which charges the capacitor 3,9nF with a constant current. This results in an RF attenuation characteristic which resembles the cos or cos2 function.
With such a characteristic, the spurious signals gene-rated during frequency changes or transmit/receive switch-ing operations are minimized. They lie in the frequency range below 30 MHz and are kept away from the antenna by the high-pass filter HP. The values given for the components are suitable for the ~HF range ~30-80 MHz).
Thelength of the voltage pulse is'chosen so that in the meantime the adjustment of another frequency or the switching between transmit and receive is performed in the radio set. During this time, no current flows through the transistor T and, hence, the PIN diodes, so that the PIN diodes have a high resistance and the second and third terminals of the hybrid circuit HY are terminated in 50 ohms. As a result, the power delivered by the transm;t/receive section is divided among the var;ous terminals of the hybrid circuit HY, so that only reduced power will reach the antenna.
.
In the re~erse case, the secon~d~and third terminals are grounded through the PIN diodes for the flow of RF
energy. Therefore, the energy reach;'ng these terminals is reflected and is transferred near'ly completely to the antenna. ~
~ ~ J. Baumann 4 : : : :
. ' ' ~ . , . ':
- . ~ ~ ~, ' : . . , . . - ' .
An embodiment of the invention will now be expla;ned with reference to the accompanying drawing~ in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a rad;o set with an antenna, and F;g. 2 is a circuit d;agram of an attenuator and and h;gh-pass filter.
The radio set shown in Fig. i has a transmit/receive sec-tion SE, a variable attenuator DG, and a high-pass filter HP, which is connected to an antenna. The attenuator DG
is connected between the high-pass filter HP and the transmit/receive sec~ion SE~ It has a control input S
(Fig~ 2), to wh;ch a control l;ne SL coming from the transmit/receive section SE is connected.
The transmit/receive section SE uses the frequency-hopping technique and contains all the usual circuits of a radio set, including tuning circuits switched by, e~g., PIN diodes. It further includes a circuit wh;ch generates at least one control pulse during each fre-quency change and/or each transmit/recei~e switching operation~ This control pulse is applied over the con-trol line SL to the attenuator DG.
Suitable attenuators are known from "PIN-diode Designers", Handbook & Catalog PDi500 B, 1981, Unitrode Corporation,~
:
J. ~aumann 4 . . .. . - .
:: .
,, :, ~ : . . : . ~ . .
.: . . . . ..
2~8~
particularly pages 103-104 (Figs. 6-24 and 6-27).
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the transmit/rece;ve sec-tion SE is connected to the first terminal A of a -90/3 dB hybrid circu;t HY, and a high-pass filter HP
to the fourth terminal D. The second B and third C ter-minals are each grounded through a capacitor 3,9n and a resistor 50. Each of the resistors 50 is shunted by a series combination of a capacitor 10n and a coil 200n.
Each of the coils 200n is shunted by a series combina-tion of a PIN diode 47323 and a common capacitor 3,9nF, with the anodes of the PIN diodes connected to the common capacitor and to a coil 101u. The other end of the coil 10/u is connected to the collector of a pnp transistor T, whose emitter is connected through a resistor 12 to a terminal ~5~ of a voLtage source and through a re-sistor to its base. Between the base of the transistor and its control input S, t~o series combinations, one formed by a resistor 1k and a diode 1N4148 and the other by a resistor 10k and a zener diode ~PD5,1, are connected in parallel, with the anode of the zener diode and the cathode of the diode connected to the control input S. The attenuator further includes two additiona~ capacitors 10nF, through wh;ch the anode of the diode 1N4148 and the terminal ~5~ of the voltage source, respectively, are grounded.
:
By applying a square-wave voLtage puLse of t10V, the radio set is decoupled from and recoupled to the antenna in a soft manner, i.e., the attenuat;on provided by the :
, ~`
~ ~ J. Baumann 4 . . . . . . - ,. .. :
2~8~
attenuator rises from a small value to a large ~alue and subsequently falls back to the small value. The soft ri~e and fall are achieved by choosing suitable values for those components of the attenuator by which the square-wave voltage pulse is converted into a trape-zoidal current pulse, said components including the transistor T, which charges the capacitor 3,9nF with a constant current. This results in an RF attenuation characteristic which resembles the cos or cos2 function.
With such a characteristic, the spurious signals gene-rated during frequency changes or transmit/receive switch-ing operations are minimized. They lie in the frequency range below 30 MHz and are kept away from the antenna by the high-pass filter HP. The values given for the components are suitable for the ~HF range ~30-80 MHz).
Thelength of the voltage pulse is'chosen so that in the meantime the adjustment of another frequency or the switching between transmit and receive is performed in the radio set. During this time, no current flows through the transistor T and, hence, the PIN diodes, so that the PIN diodes have a high resistance and the second and third terminals of the hybrid circuit HY are terminated in 50 ohms. As a result, the power delivered by the transm;t/receive section is divided among the var;ous terminals of the hybrid circuit HY, so that only reduced power will reach the antenna.
.
In the re~erse case, the secon~d~and third terminals are grounded through the PIN diodes for the flow of RF
energy. Therefore, the energy reach;'ng these terminals is reflected and is transferred near'ly completely to the antenna. ~
~ ~ J. Baumann 4 : : : :
. ' ' ~ . , . ':
- . ~ ~ ~, ' : . . , . . - ' .
Claims (6)
1. Frequency-hopping transmitter and/or receiver unit with an antenna, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the antenna is connected to a circuit arrangement by which the transmitter and/or receiver unit (SE) is decoupled from and recoupled to the antenna in a soft manner during each frequency change and/or each transmit/re-ceive switching operation.
2. A transmitter and/or receiver unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the circuit arrangement includes a variable attenuator (DG) having at least one control input (S), and that the attenuation pro-vided by the attenuator (DG) can be varied by a con-trol voltage or a control current at the control in-put (S).
3. A transmitter and/or receiver unit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that in response to at least one control pulse, the attenuation rises from a small value to a large value and subsequently falls back to the small value, or vice versa, with the rise and fall having a soft profile.
ZPL-Jt/Ke/Lo J. Baumann 4 18 May, 1990
ZPL-Jt/Ke/Lo J. Baumann 4 18 May, 1990
4. A transmitter and/or receiver unit as claimed in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the attenuator (DG) includes at least one PIN diode, and that by the control voltage, the control current, or the control pulse, the conductivity of the PIN diode(s) and, thus, the attenuation provided by the attenuator (DG) are changed.
5. A transmitter and/or receiver unit as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the attenuator (DG) includes a-90°/3dB hybrid cir-cuit (HY) having four terminals the first (A) of which is connectable to an antenna socket of the transmitter and/or receiver unit (SE), the fourth (D) of which is connectable to the antenna, and the second (B) and third (C) of which are connected to a circuit comprising the control input (S) and the PIN diode(s).
6. A transmitter and/or receiver unit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit arrangement includes a high-pass filter (HP) between the attenuator (DG) and the antenna.
J. Baumann 4
J. Baumann 4
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3921102A DE3921102A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 | 1989-06-28 | TRANSMITTER AND / OR RECEIVER |
| DEP3921102.9 | 1989-06-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2018854A1 true CA2018854A1 (en) | 1990-12-28 |
Family
ID=6383728
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002018854A Abandoned CA2018854A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 | 1990-06-13 | Transmitter and/or receiver unit |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0405349B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2018854A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3921102A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO179430C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5381110A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-01-10 | Raytheon Company | Spurious frequency suppressor |
| US5406227A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1995-04-11 | Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling RF spectral splatter into adjacent channels when activating an RF transmitter |
| US5568105A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-10-22 | Raytheon Company | Spurious frequency suppressor |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19610760A1 (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1997-09-25 | Telefunken Microelectron | Transceiver switch with semiconductors |
| DE29706463U1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1997-10-02 | Paulus Patrick Bernhard | Active module for decoupling transmission u. Receiving antenna |
| US8737449B2 (en) | 2008-09-01 | 2014-05-27 | Nxp, B.V. | Frequency hopping receiver circuit |
| CN106788826B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2021-03-09 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Frequency hopping data link channel simulation system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4216445A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1980-08-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Variable resistance attenuator |
-
1989
- 1989-06-28 DE DE3921102A patent/DE3921102A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-06-12 NO NO902596A patent/NO179430C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-13 CA CA002018854A patent/CA2018854A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-06-22 DE DE59009960T patent/DE59009960D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-06-22 EP EP90111842A patent/EP0405349B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5406227A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1995-04-11 | Ericsson Ge Mobile Communications Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling RF spectral splatter into adjacent channels when activating an RF transmitter |
| US5381110A (en) * | 1991-12-20 | 1995-01-10 | Raytheon Company | Spurious frequency suppressor |
| US5568105A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-10-22 | Raytheon Company | Spurious frequency suppressor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0405349A3 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
| EP0405349A2 (en) | 1991-01-02 |
| EP0405349B1 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
| NO179430B (en) | 1996-06-24 |
| NO179430C (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| DE3921102A1 (en) | 1991-01-10 |
| DE59009960D1 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| NO902596L (en) | 1991-01-02 |
| NO902596D0 (en) | 1990-06-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19970613 |