CA2018750A1 - Method for dispersion of stress at the time of tableting - Google Patents

Abstract

[Abstract]
This invention relates to a composition for tableting containing minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin as stress-dispersing agent in order to reduce the destruction of microcapsules or denaturation of drug at the time of tableting, and a method for dispersion of stress at the time of tableting. It has become possible by use of composition for tableting of the present inven-tion to tablet microcapsulated, powder of medicine, enzyme, microorganism or low-melting substance or the like without denaturation or destruction.

Description

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Specification METHOD FOR DISPERSION OF STRESS AT THE TIME
OF TABLETING
~Technical Fieldl This invention relates to a composition for tableting containing a stress-dispersing agent for re-ducing the destuction of microcapsules or the denatura-tion of drug at the time of tableting, and to a method for dispersion of stress at the time of tableting.
[Background Technique]
Heretofore, microcapsulated powder of medicine, enzyme or low melting substance or the like has been denatured or destroyed by stress at the time of tablet-ing, and there has taken place tableting trouble such as destruction of the microcapsules or disappearance of the enzyme activity, or the like. It has been known that a large amont of carrier, for example a mixture of lactose, micro-crystalline cellulose and starch is necessary to prevent the destruction of microcapsules at the time of tableting. However, it has made the tablet too large to permit it.
Further, there have been disclosed as techiques to reduce the destruction of microcapsules at the time of tableting a technique which comprises compounding waxy substance in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No.
142520/1978 and a technique of multilayered tablet which comprises formulating under adjusted tableting pressure in Japanese Patent Publication No. 36893/1982. However, the tablet of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No.
142520/1978 has problems in desintegration property, dissolution property of the drug and hardness of the tablet, and the tablet of Japanese Patent Publication No.
36893/1982 has a drawback of complicated formulation.
[Disclosure of the Inventionl As a result of vigorous study for solving the deficient points of these conventional techniques, the `
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present inventors have found that stress at the time of tableting can be dispersed by compounding minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin to microcapsulated medicine powder, and have completed the present invention based on the finding.
The present invention is directed to a com-position for tableting containing as a stress-dispersing agent minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin, and a method for the dispersion of stress at the time of 10 tableting.
There have been known as materials having a shape close to that of minute gelatin spheres used in the present invention minute hollow material in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 19033/1985, hollow microballoon in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No.
179132/1985 and vertically spherical gelatin grain in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 215365/1985.
The size of gelatin minute spheres is 0.001 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.005 to 2.0 mm in diameter. It is preferred that minute gelatin spheres have a water content of 5 to 15 %, and it is preferred that they are prepared using gelatin having a molecular weight of 5,000-to 25,000 and a jelly strength of 50 to 350 blooms, further preferably a molecular weight of 8,000 to 20,000 and a jelly strength of 200 blooms or more. It is also possible, if necessary, to compound plasticizer to the minute gelatin spheres. Usable plasticizers include glycerin, propylene glycol, sucrose, glucose, starch syrup, honey, etc.
Process of preparation of minute gelatin spheres is described below:
A warmed aqueous 5 to 50 ~ gelatin solution, to which plasticizer was first added if necessary, was poured into a liquid immiscible with the warmed aqueous gelatin solution ~any liquid can be used so long as it is immiscible with an aqueous gelatin solution, and include, for example, liquid paraffin, silicone oil, vanasate, .' : , `- : , ' , - 201~7~

coconut oil, sesame oil, wheat germ oil and safflower oil).
1'he mixture was stirred in a stirrer to make the aqueous gelatin solution minute droplets, and then cooled with stirring to coagulate the minute droplets of aqueous gelatin solution. The coagulated droplets were taken out, dried, washed with organic solvent such as hexane, acetone, xylene, methanol, ethanol or IPA to remove the liquid immiscible with the aqueos gelatin solution, and then further dried.
Gelatin foam used in the present invention is powder prepared by pulverizing foamed gelatin, and has a size of 10 to 200 mesh, preferably 10 to 100 mesh.
Further, gelatin foams preferably have a water content of 5 to 15 %, and is preferably prepared using gelatin having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 5,000 and a jelly strength of 50 to 350 blooms, more preferably a molecular weight of 8,000 to 20,000 and a jelly strength of 200 blooms or moee.
This gelatin foams can be prepared by adding foaming agent (any material can be used so long as it has a foaming ability, and includes for example surfactant) to an aqueous 5 to 50 % gelatin solution warmed to about 60C; stirting the mixture at a high speed with a stirrer to form foams; spreading the mixture on a separator (any material can be used so long as it can be pealed from the foamed gelatin after drying~ and examples thereof include plastic film such as polyethylene sheet, polypropylene sheet, polyester sheet and paper/polyethylene laminated film, and a material prepared by making silicone proces-sing on the surface of such a plastic film); coagulatingthe spread mixture by freezing in a rerigerator at not more than 10C to form a gel (jelly)-like sheet; drying its grinding it with a grinder; and then classifying it.
-Besides the thus obtained gelatin foams and/or minute spheres, there can be added to the composition for tableting of the present invention additives, for example, - ~ - -- . :
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excipient such as starch, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), sucrose, glucose, urea, calcium carbonate, magnesium metasilicate aluminate or syn-thesized aluminum silicate binder such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), vinyl acetate, crystalline cellulose, carboxy-methylcellu~ose (CMC), agar, sodium alginate, dextrin, gelatin, glucose, gum arabic or tragacanth gum: dis-integrating agent such as CMC-calcium, CMC-sodium, silicic anhydride or hydroxypropylstarch (HPS); lubricant such as stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, potassium hydrogen phosphate, carnauba wax, bees wax exposed to sunlight, light silicic an-hydride, synthesized aluminum silicate, natural aluminumsilicate or dried aluminum hydroxide gel; absorption accelerator; adsorbent; dye; perfume; etc.
Main drug suitable for tablets of the present invention is microorganism, enzyme or low melting sub-stance, or microcapsulant medicine. Namely, such drug isone which is denatured at the time of tableting or destroyed in its structure. For example, there can be mentioned euteric or gradually releasing microcapsulated aspirin, vitamin, proteolytic enzyme, Lactobacillus 2S bifidus, ibuprofen or the like.
Preparation of a composition for tableting of the present invention can be carried out by adding dried and classified foams and/or minute spheres of geltin to main drug and additives, and mixing the mixture. Ad-dition amount of foams and/or minute spheres of gelatinis 5 % by weight to 50 % by weight, preferably 10 % by weight to 40 % by weight.
Various tablets can be obtained by tableting such a mixture according to a general tableting method.
[Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]
This invention is more specifically described . . .

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ac:cording to examples and test examples.
EY:amples 1 to 9 (1) Purified water ~the Japanese Pharmacopoeia) (150 g) was added to 250 g of gelatin, and the mixtue was warmed in a water bath to 60C to dissolve the gelatin.
~fter dissolution, this aqueous gelatin solution was poured in 500 g of liquid paraffin warmed to 60C, and the mixture was stirred (about 1,000 rpm) by a stirrer to make the aqueous gelatin solution spherical droplets having a size of 200JK to 2.5 mm. Then, the droplets of aqueous gelatin solution were coagulated by cooling of the liquid paraffin, and further coagulated by cooling in a refrigerator of about 5C for 12 hours. After the coagulation by cooling, minute spheres of the gelatinized droplets of aqueous gelatin solution were taken out from the liquid paraffin, and, after washing off the liquid paraffin with hexane, placed in a dehumidifying drier of a temperature of 23C and a humidity of 40 % or less and dried for 16 hours to obtain a stress-dispersing agent consisting of minute gelatin spheres. The thus obtained minute gelatin spheres had a diameter of about 100~ to 1.5 mm and a water content of ]1 %.
(2) The above minute gelatin spheres were clas-sified into 3 kinds of L, M and S using a sleve.
Table 1 Size of minute gelatin spheres size Classification tmesh) Diameter ~mm) L 16 - 12 1.00 - 1.41 U 30 - 16 0.59 - 1.00 S 30 or lesc 0.59 or less , , . . ,: .

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Microcapsule-containing tablets were prepared using these classified minute gelatin spheres according to the formulation in Table 2.
Table 2 Formulation of tablet (in 3 tablets) Formula- Example tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a _ HPC 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 2~ 240 Erosil 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 9spnhUetr~en-L480 _ _ 300 _ _ 120 _ _ Mgen~Uattien _ 480 _ _ 300 _ _ 120 _ qpbe-M _ _ 480 _ _ 300 _ _ 120 sphere-S _ _ _ _ T~l 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 1200 . .
In the formulation, AMC is aspirin microcapsule (produced by REONEPOULENC Co.), HPS is hydroxypropyl-starch (produced by Freund Industry Co.), Erosil ~trade name, produced by Japan Aerosil Co., Aerosil 200), and MCC is microcrystalline cellulose ~produced by Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Avicel PH 301). These formulation powder compositions were compression-molded by a single charge type tableting machine (cross section 1 cm2, flat type) at a tableting pressure of 1 t according : , ' : ~ : . .

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20~8 ~0 to the direct powder compression method into tablets weighing 400 mg per tablet.
E~xamples 10 to 14 ~ 1) Purified water ~the Japanese Pharmacopoeia) (250 9) was added to 150 9 of gelatin (the Japanese Pharmacopoeia), and the mixture was warmed to 60C in a water bath to dissolve the gelatin. After dissolution, 1 g of sodium lauryl sulfate was added, and the mixture was stirred at a high speed (about 7,000 rpm) by a homo-mixer to foam the aqueous gelatin solution. The foamedaqueous gelatin solution was spread on a polypropylene sheet to a thickness of about 5 mm, placed in a re-frigerator of 5C to be charged into a gelatinized sheet, placed in a dehumidifying drier of a temperature of 23C
and a humidity of 40 X or less, dried for 16 hours, and successively grinded by a grinder to obtain gelatin foams.
Size of the thus obtained foams was 0.1 to 1.0 mm and water content thereof was 12 %.
(2) The above gelatin foams were classified by a sieve into 16 to 100 mesh. Microcapsule-containing tablets of the formulation of Table 3 were prepared at a tableting pressure of Table 4 using classified gelatin foams.
Table 3 Formulation of tablet (in 6 tablets) Raw material Compounding amount (g) AMC 0.375 HPS 0.3 MCC 0.45 Gelatin foam 0.375 Total 1.5 ' , . ~ : , ~ . . -. .
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Table 4 Tableting pressure Example Tableting pressure (kg) In the formulation, AMC is aspirin microcapsule ~produced by REONEPOULENC Co. ), HPS is hydroxypropyl-starch (produced by Freund Industry Co.), Erosil (tradename, produced by Japan Aerosil Co., Ltd., Aerosil 200), and MCC i8 microcrystalline cellulose (produced by Asahi Chemical Industry Co., ~td., Avicel PH 301). The for-mulation powder composition was compression-molded by a single charge type tableting machine (cross section 1 cm2, flat type) according to the direct powder compression method into tablets weighing 250 mg per tablet.
Examples 15 to 19 ~1) Table 5 Formulation for plasticizer-compounded minute gelatin sphere . _ Raw Material Minute Minute Minute Minute sphere A sphere B sphere C sphere D
_ Gelatin 25 g 25 g 25 9 25 g Glycerin 5 g 10 g 15 g 20 g Purified water 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g .' .. ~

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g Concentrated glycerin and purified water were added to gelatin in the formulation of Table S, and the mixture was warmed to 60C in aqueous solution to dis-solve the gelatin. After dissolution, this aqueous gelatin solution was poured into S00 g of liquid paraffin warmed to 60C, and the mixture was stirred (about 1,000 rpm) by a stirrer to make the aqueous gelatin solution spherical droplets having a size of 200~ to 2.5 mm. The droplets of aqueous gelatin solution were then coagulated by cooling the liquid paraffin, and further coagulated by cooling in a refrigerator of about 5C for 12 hours. The resulting minute spheres of droplets of gelatinized aqueous gelatin solution was washed for removal of the liquid paraffin, placed in a dehumidifying drier of a temperature of 23C and a humidity of 40 % or less, and dried for 16 hours to obtain a stress-dispersing agent consisting of minute gelatin spberes. The minute gelatin spheres had a diameter of about 100~ to 1.5 mm and a water content of 11 % or less.
~2) The above minute gelatin spheres were clas-sified by a sieve into 16 to 100 mesh. Microcapsule-containing composition for tableting were prepared using these classified minute gelatin spheres according to the formulation of Table 6.

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Table 6 Formulation of tablet (in 3 tablets) Formulation Example ~ 18 Erosil 24 24 24 24 Minute sphere A 300 0 0 0 Minute sphere B 0 300 0 0 Minute sphere C 0 0 300 0 Minute sphere D 0 0 0 300 Total 1200 In the formulation, AMC is aspirin microcapsule ~produced by REONEPOULENC Co.), HPS is hydroxypropyl-starch (produced by Freund Industry Co.), Erosil ~trade name, produced by Japan Aerosil Co., Ltd., Aerosil 200), and MCC is microcrystalline cellulose (produced by Asahi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Avicel PH 301). These formulation powder compositions were compression-molded by a single charge type tableting machine (cross section 1 cm2, flat type) according to the direct powder com-pression method into tablets each weighing 400 mg.

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201g750 Table 7 Tableting pressure Tableting pressure (kg) Test Example 1 (Specimen) Specimens 1 to 9; Three of each of the tablets of Examples 1 to 9 Control specimens 1 to 3: Three of each of the tablets prepared by compounding MCC in place of minute gelatin spheres in the formulation of Examples 1, 4 and 7 and carrying out the same procedure as in the respective Examples.
Control specimens 4 to 8: Six of each of the tablets prepared by compounding MCC in place of the gelatin foams in the formulations of Examples 10 to 14 and carrying out the ~ame procedure as in re~pective Examples.
~Test method) :~ Each specimen was subjected to the Second Method in the Elution Test Methods in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia ~B-424 to 427 in the Explanation of the Japanese Phamacopoeia XI, the paddle method) using puri~ied water of 37C, and eluted amount was determined as the average value of eluted amount per minute after 3 :to 8 mlnutes.
25 (Detection method~ -Detection of aspirin was carried out by '~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' - -:

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me~suring the absorbance of aspirin at the maximum absorption wavelength of 275 nm by a spectrophotometer (produced by Hitachi, Ltd., U-3200 type).
(Results) Results are indicated in Table 8.
Table 8 Amount of eluted aspirin . _ _ Specimen Eluted amount Ratio to control specimen (mg/min.) (~) 1 0.767 91.0 2 0.803 g5.3 3 0.826 98.0 Control 1 0.843 100.0 4 1.808 ,45.6 2.297 58.0 6 2.454 61.9 Control 2 3.963 100.0 7 3.738 92.5 8 3.445 95.5 g 3.888 96.5 Contro} 3 4.028 100.0 When aspirin microcapsules are destroyed by the tableting pressure, the elution rate of aspirin in-creases. The elution rate of any of the specimens issmaller than that of each of the control specimens 1 to 3, which shows stress-dispersing effect of the minute gelatin solution.

, Test Example 2 (Specimen) Specimens 10 to 14; Six of each of th~ tablets of Examples 10 to 14 Control specimens 1 to 3; Six of each of the tablets prepared by compounding MCC in place of minute gelatin spheres in the formulation of Examples 1, 4 and 7 and carrying out the same procedure as in the respective Examples.
Control specimens 4 to 8; Six of each of the tablets prepared by compounding MCC in place of the gelatin foams in the formulations of Examples 10 to 14 and carrying out the same procedure as in respective Examples.
(Test method) This test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
~Results) Results are indicated in Table 9.

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Table 9 Amount of eluted aspirin Specimen Eluted amount Ratio to control specimen ~mg~min.) ~%~

2.865 100.5 Control 1 2.850 100.0 11 2.850 1 90.9 Control 2 3.126 ¦ 100.0 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 2.898 1 89.6 Control 2 3.225 ¦ 100.0 _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 2.706 1 85.0 .
Control 4 3.183 ¦ 100.0 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 2.787 1 77.2 Control 5 3.603 ¦ 100.0 When aspirin microcapsules are destroyed by the tableting pressure, the elution rate of aspirin in-creases. Any of the specimens 11 to 14 has a smallerelution rate than any of the control specimens 2 to S, which shows stress-dispersing effect of the gelatin foams.
Test Example 3 `~Specimen) Specimens 15 to 19; Three of each of the tablets of Examples 15 to Control specimens 1 to 3; Three of each of the tablets prepared by compounding MCC in place of minute gelatin spherefi in the formulation of Example 15 and carrying out the same procedure as in Example lS.

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~Test method) This test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
~Results) Results are indicated in Table 10.

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20187~0 Table 10 Amount of eluted aspirin Specimen Tableting Eluted amount Ratio to con-pressure (mg/min.) trol specimen 300 8.23 79.1 16 8.21 78.9 17 7.53 72.3 18 7.53 72.3 Control _ _ _ _ _ 10.41 100.0 600 8.74 87.5 16 8.55 85.6 17 7.92 79.3 18 8.04 80.5 Control 9.99 100.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151000 9.71 66.2 16 9.63 65.7 17 8.35 S7.0 18 9.95 67.9 Control 14.66 100.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 151500 10.92 81.4 16 10.80 80.5 17 9.71 72.4 18 9.95 74.1 Control 13.42 100.0 1520Q0 1 12.02 182.4 16 11.44 78.4 17 9.75 66.8 18 1 9.36 164.2 Contro} ¦ 14.59 1 100.0 .. ~.. .~ - , . :
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~Industrial ~tilizability]
It has become possible by use of stress- -dispersing agent of the present invention to tablet microcapsulated, powder of medicine, enzyme or low melt-ing substance or the like, without denaturation or de-struction.

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Claims (3)

1. A method for tableting which comprises dispers-ing the stress at the time of tableting by compounding minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin to a composition for tableting.

2. A composition for tableting containing minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin.

3. A composition for tableting containing 5 to 50 % by weight of minute spheres and/or foams of gelatin.