CA2015647C - Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar - Google Patents
Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jarInfo
- Publication number
- CA2015647C CA2015647C CA 2015647 CA2015647A CA2015647C CA 2015647 C CA2015647 C CA 2015647C CA 2015647 CA2015647 CA 2015647 CA 2015647 A CA2015647 A CA 2015647A CA 2015647 C CA2015647 C CA 2015647C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- bore
- chamber
- mandrel
- fluid
- Prior art date
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Abstract
An improvement in a valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar. A fluid chamber is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore. An annular valve is mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder and a second shoulder . The valve has a first end, a second and and an exterior surface. The valve substantially obstructs the flow of fluid within the fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore.
The valve has a first bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon the telescopic movement of the mandrel in a first direction is unrestricted. The valve has a second bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon the telescopic movement of the mandrel in a second direction is unrestricted. The valve is slidably moveable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder such that the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage when the mandrel moves in the first direction and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage when the mandrel moves in the second direction .
The valve has a first bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon the telescopic movement of the mandrel in a first direction is unrestricted. The valve has a second bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon the telescopic movement of the mandrel in a second direction is unrestricted. The valve is slidably moveable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder such that the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage when the mandrel moves in the first direction and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage when the mandrel moves in the second direction .
Description
, 1 æ~
The present invention relates to an i~r~ t in a valve of an hydrauiic drilling jar.
}~Au~l,~uur LI OF T~ ~YP.r~rlU~
Wherl drilling an oil well the drill stem consistirlg o~ a plurality of sections o~ threadedly connected drill pipe sometimes gets wedged against t~le side wall of t~le borehole. When this happens a tool commonly known as a drilling jar i5 used to cause an impact which will " jar"
10 the drill 8tem and hopefully release the drill stem from its position. The tool i5 constructed with a hammer portion which upon activation of the tool strikes an anvil portion. T~le tool is activated by a predetermined plateau for tension if it is desired to ~ar up or 15 compres8ion if it is desired to jar down. The tool telescopes until the hammer and anvil portions strike with a jarring impact. It is common in the art for the drilling jars to use hydraulic relea8e merhAni~c, Hydraulic release mer~AniF~s can be of varying designs, 20 but u8ually have a primary fluid passage which is obstructed by a valve positioned in a restrictive bore.
The valve conf i~uration prevents the free movement of t~le hammer and anvil portions until such time as the valve moves out of the restrictive bore. In order to 25 effect movement of the valv~, ~Iydraulic fluid slowly bleeds through a fluid bypass creating a time delay until the valve clears tile primary fluid passage allowing free movement of the hammer portion and anvil portion of t~le tool. When t~le restrictive bore is no 30 longer obstructed by the valve, t~le ~lammer and anvil can telescope unobstructed to create ~he desired impact.
At the present time most hydraulic drilling jars are only capable of jarring in one direction. Those 35 hydraulic drilling jars which are two way jars h ve two separate activating me~hnniqmq which artificially lengthen the tool and restllt in unneces6arily complex valving .
5 SUMMARY OF T}iE INV13NTION
What is required is an hydraulic drilling jar with a simple form of two way valve.
According to the present invention t~lere is 30 provided an iL.L~ V -t in a valve for an hydraulic drilling ~ar having a tubular hou~qing Wit~1 an interior surface defining an inner bore, a mandrel telescopically received within the inner bore of the housing, one of the mandrei or the housing having a ~irst pro~ecting 15 anvil and a second projecting anvil in spaced apart relation, the other of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting hammer and a second projecting hammer in spaced apart relation, one of t~le mandrel or housing being telescopically moveable in a first direction until 20 the L'irst ~ammer strikefi ~le first anviI and telescopically moveable in a second direction until the second hammer strikes the second anvil. The iL_~/LlJV~ ~t is comprised of a ~luid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel.
25 The fluid chamber is divided into a ~irst chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore. Sealing means are provided for sealing the first end and second end of the f luid chamber . An annular valve is mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder 3~ And a second shoulder . The valve has a first end, a second end and an exterior surface. The valve substantially obstructs t~le flow of fluid within t~le fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore t~lereby hydraulically coupling the 3smandrel and the housing until a compression or tension 2~
The present invention relates to an i~r~ t in a valve of an hydrauiic drilling jar.
}~Au~l,~uur LI OF T~ ~YP.r~rlU~
Wherl drilling an oil well the drill stem consistirlg o~ a plurality of sections o~ threadedly connected drill pipe sometimes gets wedged against t~le side wall of t~le borehole. When this happens a tool commonly known as a drilling jar i5 used to cause an impact which will " jar"
10 the drill 8tem and hopefully release the drill stem from its position. The tool i5 constructed with a hammer portion which upon activation of the tool strikes an anvil portion. T~le tool is activated by a predetermined plateau for tension if it is desired to ~ar up or 15 compres8ion if it is desired to jar down. The tool telescopes until the hammer and anvil portions strike with a jarring impact. It is common in the art for the drilling jars to use hydraulic relea8e merhAni~c, Hydraulic release mer~AniF~s can be of varying designs, 20 but u8ually have a primary fluid passage which is obstructed by a valve positioned in a restrictive bore.
The valve conf i~uration prevents the free movement of t~le hammer and anvil portions until such time as the valve moves out of the restrictive bore. In order to 25 effect movement of the valv~, ~Iydraulic fluid slowly bleeds through a fluid bypass creating a time delay until the valve clears tile primary fluid passage allowing free movement of the hammer portion and anvil portion of t~le tool. When t~le restrictive bore is no 30 longer obstructed by the valve, t~le ~lammer and anvil can telescope unobstructed to create ~he desired impact.
At the present time most hydraulic drilling jars are only capable of jarring in one direction. Those 35 hydraulic drilling jars which are two way jars h ve two separate activating me~hnniqmq which artificially lengthen the tool and restllt in unneces6arily complex valving .
5 SUMMARY OF T}iE INV13NTION
What is required is an hydraulic drilling jar with a simple form of two way valve.
According to the present invention t~lere is 30 provided an iL.L~ V -t in a valve for an hydraulic drilling ~ar having a tubular hou~qing Wit~1 an interior surface defining an inner bore, a mandrel telescopically received within the inner bore of the housing, one of the mandrei or the housing having a ~irst pro~ecting 15 anvil and a second projecting anvil in spaced apart relation, the other of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting hammer and a second projecting hammer in spaced apart relation, one of t~le mandrel or housing being telescopically moveable in a first direction until 20 the L'irst ~ammer strikefi ~le first anviI and telescopically moveable in a second direction until the second hammer strikes the second anvil. The iL_~/LlJV~ ~t is comprised of a ~luid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel.
25 The fluid chamber is divided into a ~irst chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore. Sealing means are provided for sealing the first end and second end of the f luid chamber . An annular valve is mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder 3~ And a second shoulder . The valve has a first end, a second end and an exterior surface. The valve substantially obstructs t~le flow of fluid within t~le fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore t~lereby hydraulically coupling the 3smandrel and the housing until a compression or tension 2~
force i8 exerted. The valve has a first bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic 5 movement in t}le first direction is unrestricted. The valve has a second bypass passage whereby f luid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of t}le restrictive bore whereupon telescopical movement irl a 10 second direction is unrestricted. The valve is slidably moveable on t~le mandrel between the f irst shoulder and the second shoulder such that the second shoulder obstructs tlle second bypass passage when t~le mandrel moves in the first direction and the first shoulder 15 obstructs t~le first passage whe~l the mandrel moves in the second direction.
The bypass passage can take a variety of forms, all that is required is a clearance spaced between the valve 20 and the restrictive bore. In its simplest form the first bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal groove in t~le exterior surface of the valve or a transverse groove in the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage is simi larly comprised of a 25 longitudinal groove in the exterior surface of the valve or a transverse groove in the f irst end of the valve .
The forces working upon the valve are extreme. The valve will tend to deform if not positioned wholly 30 within the restrictive bore, when a tension or compression force is exerted. Once the valve is deformed, the hydraulic drilling jar will not work properly. Once t~le valve is deformed, it either will no longer enter the restrictive bore or cannot be dislodged 35 from the restrictive bore.
The bypass passage can take a variety of forms, all that is required is a clearance spaced between the valve 20 and the restrictive bore. In its simplest form the first bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal groove in t~le exterior surface of the valve or a transverse groove in the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage is simi larly comprised of a 25 longitudinal groove in the exterior surface of the valve or a transverse groove in the f irst end of the valve .
The forces working upon the valve are extreme. The valve will tend to deform if not positioned wholly 30 within the restrictive bore, when a tension or compression force is exerted. Once the valve is deformed, the hydraulic drilling jar will not work properly. Once t~le valve is deformed, it either will no longer enter the restrictive bore or cannot be dislodged 35 from the restrictive bore.
Although beneficial results may be obtained through the use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve with a longitudinal yroove, longitudinal grooves can become plugged or partially obstructed. There is, therefore, a 5 danger of "iock up", where the valve becomes lodged in the restrictive bore. Even more beneficial results may theref ore be obtained when the bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining tran&verse groove in the second end 10 of the vaive, and the second bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining transverse groove in the first end of the valve .
lS Although beneficial results may be obtained through the use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve with a longitudinal bore, it is sometimes difficult to get the valve to return to its resting position within the restrictive bore. l;ven more beneficial results may 20 therefore be obtained when the f irst bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve ~laving an adjoining transverse bore adjacent the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through t~le valve 25 having an adjoir~ing transverse bore adjacent the f irst end of the valve.
Although benef icial results may be obtained through the use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve with 30 bot~l longitudinal and connecting transverse bores, even more beneficial results may therefore be obtained when the f irst bypass passage is comprised of an nL" shaped bore through the valve having a f irst portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent the second end ~15~i~7 of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across t~le exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the second end of t~le valve, and the second bypass passage 5 i8 comprised of an "L" shaped bore through the valve having a first portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent t~e first end of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across the exterior sur~ace of the valve from 10 t~le second portion to the ~irst end of t~le valve.
Although beneficial results may be obtained through t~le use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve as described, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a 15 consistent time delay, as t~le valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore prior to the jarring action of the tool occurring. ~Sverl more beneficial results may therefore be obtained by placing a meterlng device disposed in the bypass passages to meter the flow of 20 f luid .
Al~hough beneficial results may be obtained t~lrough the use of an hydraulic drilling jar as described, even more beneficial results may t~lerefore be obtain by 25 having a mechanicai latch disposed between the housing and t~le marldrel to lock the mandrel within t~le housing until a preset tension or compression force i8 exerted upon t~le mandrel. The use of a mec~lanical latc~l eliminates the possibility of unintentional jarring and 30 also allows the hydraulic drilling jar to be run in compression within the drill string up to the predetermined latch setting.
Although beneficial results may be obtained through t~1e use of an h~draulic drilling jar as described hydrostatic pressure downhole Gan have adverse effect on t~1e tools operations and chips of metal from the mechanicai latch can plug the metering device. Even S more benef icial results may t~1erefore be obtair1ed by having the mechanical latch positioned in a fiuid filled latch chamber having a f irst end and a second end. The fluid chamber which has the restrictive bore adjoins the latch chamber. Pressure balancing pistons are 10 positioned at either end of the latch chamber. Each piston has a ~irst face and a second face. A passage is provided whereby drilling fluids exert a force upon the second face of the piston positioned at the second end of the latch chamber. This results in the piston moving 15 to a position of equili~rium wherein a like pressure is exerted by the ~irst face of the piston upon fluids in the latch chamber . The piston at the f irst end of t~e latch chamber el~erts a like pressure upon fluids within the fluid chamber and prevents metal chips from 20 migrating from the latch chamber to the fluid chamber.
BRIEF ~r:~;~lrIlvN OF T~E nr~a--~7~
These and other features of the invention will 25 become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
FIG~E 1 is a longitudinal section view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FI~RE 2a through 2h are enlarged longitudinal section views of portions of the drilling jar illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FI&URE 3 is a detailed longitudinal section view o~
a portion of the drilling jar illustrated in 3FIGI~RE 1, ~5 with the hydr ~rllic valve ~oGitioned in ~ re~ tive bore, FIGU~E ~ is a detailed longitudinal section view of a portion of the driiling jar illustrated in FIG~RE 1, with the hydraulic vaIve positioned in a first chamber.
FIG~IRE 5 is a detailed longitudinal section view of a portion of the drilling jar illustrated in FIG~E 1, with the hydraulic valve positioned in a second chamber.
FIG~RE 6 is a YeCtion view of a preferred embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
FIGIIRE 7 i8 a cut away view of the hydraulic valve illustrated in EIGURE 6.
FIGURE 8 is a cut away view of a first alternate embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
FIG~7RE 9 is a detailed cut away view of a second 15 alternate embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
r.~n L~ rll~N OF ~Eii: ~s~S~K~LI ~uDl~L
The preferred Pmho~i~ t will now be described with reference to EIGDRES 1 through 7. The preferred 20 F~mhm~ nt, generally designated by reference numeral 10, is an hydraulic drilling jar. The preferred Pmhm~ i t is the result of extensive development and testir1g. The invention lies in t~1e improved hydraulic valve configuration. During the course of such 25 development and tes~ing a number of alternative valve configurations were developed. These alternative valve conf igurations ~re illustrated in FIGURES 8 and ~ . The alternative valves are operable, but had shortcomings which were addressed in the preferred embodiment. These 30 alternative valves will be described, together with background on the shortcoming~i which lead to further development .
Preferred embodiment 10 and the alternate valve 35 configurations are all intended to be incorporated in ~ 8 201~6~7 drilling jars havinu simiiar basic structure. Thig basic structure iY illustrated in FIG~IRE 1. FIGURE 1 i8 marked with ~ division markings which ~L~ Lt arbitrary divisions made for the purpose of enlarging 5 FIGURE 1, for illustration in FIGllRES 2a through 2h.
The primary ~ ts of drilling jar 10 consist of a tubular housin~ 18, and a mandrel 20. Housing 18 consists of ~ number of threadedly connected , _ ts;
18a through 18f. Mandrel 20 consists of a number of 10 threadedly connected tsi 20a through 20d.
Housing 18 has a first end 19, a second end 21, and an interior surface 22 def ining an inner bore 24 . Second end 21 of housing 18 serves as a first projecting anvil 2~. A second projecting anvil 28 encroaches into inner 1~ bore 24 of hou8ing 18. First proJecting anvil 26 and second projecting anvil 28 are in spaced apart relation.
Mandrel 20 is telescopically received within inner bore 24 of housing 18. Mandrel 20 has an exterior surface 30 with a first pro~ecting hammer 32 and a second 20 projecting hammer 34 encroaching into inner bore 24 in spaced apart relation. Referring to FIGURES 2b and 2c, mandrel 20 is telescopically moveable in a first direction toward first end 19 of housing 18 until fir3t hammer 32 strikes first anvil 26. Mandrel 20 is, 25 gimilarly, telescopically moveable in a second direction toward second end 21 of housing 18 until second hammer 34 strikes second anvil 28. Referring to FIGURES 2d and 2e, a fluid chamber 36 is formed between housing 18 and mandrel 20 . Fluid chamber 36 has a f irst end 38 and a 30 gecond end 40- Firgt erLd 38 of fluid chamber 36 is sealed by a pressure balancing piOton 48. Second end 40 of fluid chamber 36 is sealed by a plurality of fixed seals 60. Fluid chamber 36 is actually subdivided into t~o smaller chambers 42 and 44 by a restrictive bore 46.
35 For convenience of reference the chamber adjacent first ~,.,~
~ 9 end 38 wili be referred to as first chamber 42, and t~le chamber adjacent second end 40 will be referred to as second chamber 44.
The difference betwee}l t~le preferred and the alternate embodiments relates to the structure of an annular valve 52 w~lich is positioned in fluid chamber 36. In order to distinguish between the valves the preferred embodiment as illustrated in FIGURE 6 and ~, 10 will be identi~ied by reference numeral 52. The al~ernate embodiments of valve 52 as illustrated in FIGURE~i 8 and 9, will be identified by refere!nce numeral 52a and 52b, respectively. Annular valve 52 is positioned between a first shoulder 53 and a second 15 shoUlder 55, on ~xterior surface 30 of mandrel 20 within f luid chamber 36 . The purpose of valve 52 is to substantially obstruct the flow of fluid wit~lin fluid chamber 36 when t~le valve is positioned in restrictive bore 46 thereby hydraulically coupling mandrel 20 and 20 housinçl 18 until a compression or tension force is exerted upon mandrel 20. The valve has at least one bypass passage, t~le form of which varies in t~le various embodiments . The valve has a f irst end 62, a second end 64, and an exterior surface 60.
The operation of the valve requires that when not required for ~arring the valve be positioned in a neutral position within restrictive bore ~6. When it is desired to use the tool to create a jarring impact, a 30 compre88ion or tension force is exerted upon mandrel 20.
Fluid slowly bleeds from one of chambers 42 or 44 to t~le other of the chambers through the bypass passage creating a time delay before the valve moves out of restrictive bore 46 thereby permitting mandrel 20 to 35 freely telescope. The problems encountered in having the valve correctly operate as a "two way" valve permitting jarring both in tension and compression relate to "lock up" of t~le valve, the positioning of t~le valve in a "neutral" position within restrictive bore 5 46, and controliing the duration of t~le time delay created by the bypass of f iuids through the bypass passage. It is difficult to get the valve to return to a neutral position wit~1in the restrictive bore. If pre98Ure i5 exerted upon the vaive w~lerl it i8 rlot wholly 10 within the restrictive bore, the valve deforms. If the valve deforms it ei ther becomes lodged in tl1e restrictive bore, or is not longer able to enter the restrictive bore.
In early prototypes of the invention (not illustrated) a first bypass passage was provided in the form of a longitudinal groove in the exterior surface 60 of the valve. A second bypass passage was also provided in the form of a longitudinal groove in t~le exterior 20 surface 60 of the valve. The longitudinal grooves provided the necessary clearance space between t~le valve and restrictive bore 46. The valve was slidably moveable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55. The second shoulder 55 moved 25 against second erld 64 of t~le valve to obstruct the second bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the f irst direction. The first shoulder 53 moved against first end 62 to obstruct the f irst bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the second direction. This embodiment, 30 although workable, was not viewed as being as reliable as desired. The longitudinal grooves tended to become clogyed resulting at worst in "lock up" and at best in inconsist~nt time delays prior to t~le jarring action.
A similar result was achieved through t~le use of ll transverse grooves in the ends of the valve . A f irst bypass passa~e was provided in the form of a transverse groove in second end 64 of tlle valve. A second bypass passage was provided in the form o~ a transverse groove 5 in the f irst end 62 of the valve .
In a subsequent prototype (not shown~ the bypass passages of the valve were modified. A first bypass passage was provided in the form of a longitudinal bore 10 through the valve having an adjoining transverse groove in second end 64 of the valve. A second 'oypass passage was also provided in the form of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an ad~oining transverse groove in first end 62 of the valve. The longitudinal bores 15 provided the necessary fluid flow space through the valve. The transverse grooves provided the necessary clearance space between the ends o~ the valve and the s~loulders. The valve was slidably moveable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55 .
20 The second shoulder 55 moved against second end 64 of t~le valve to obstruct the second bypa~3s passage when mandrel 20 moved in the f irst direction. The ~ir~t shoulder 53 moved against first end 62 to obstruct the first bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the second 25 direction. This improved version of the valve resolved t~le problem encountered Wit~l first alternate embodiment relating to "lock up", but the problems relating to regulatin~ the duration of the time delay and the repositioning o~ the valve in a neutral position 30 L ' i nf'd .
Referring to FIG~ 3, the ~irst alternate valve configuration illustrated represents an il~l~LlJV- ' t over t~le earlier prototypes. Valve 52a has a first bypass 35 passage consisting of a longitudinal bore 71 through vaive 52a having an adjoining transverse bore ~3 adjacent second end 64. Valve 52a similarly has a second bypass passage consisting of a longitudinal bore 72 through valve 52a having an ad~oining transverse bore 5 74 adjacent first end ô2. Second shoulder 55 moves against second end 64 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore ~1 when mandrel 20 moves in the f irst direction. First shoulder 53 moves against f irst end 62 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore 72 when 10 mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. This embodiment allowed valve 52a to return to a neutral position. It was felt, however, that t~le performance of valve 52a in terms of repositioning and the time interval before a jarring occurred could be improved 15 upon.
Referring to FIG17i~E 9, second alternate valve conf iguration 52b was developed to provide more consistency in jarring that the first alternate valve 20 52a- Valve 52b has a fir5t bypass passage consisting of an "L" shaped bore ~6 having a first portion 80 extending longitudinally, and a second portion 81 adjacent second e~d 64 of t~le valve w~ich extends ~ransversely. Valve 52b has a second bypass passage 25 con8i8ting of an !'L" shaped bore ~8 haviny a f irst portion 80 extending longitudinally and a second portion 82 adjacent f irst end 62 . Second shoulder 55 moves against second end 64 of valve 52b to obstruct "L"
shaped bore 78 whel1 mandrel 20 moves in the f irst 30 direction- First shoUlder 53 moves against f irst end 62 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore ~6 when mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. Valve 52b showed illl~.L UV. t in terms of allowing the valve to be easily moved back into the restrictive bore after a 35 jarring had occurred. It was determined by the 13 ~i~
Applicant that the control over the time delay could be improved, which lead to t~le development of valve 52.
Valve 52 used in the preferred embodiment will now 5 be described with reference to FI~ES 6 and 7. Valve 52 combines the best features of valves 52a and 52b.
Valve 52 has a first bypass passage and a second bypass passage of like construction to embodiment 52b. The first bypass passage in t~le form of an "L" shaped bore 10 ~6 having a first portion 80 extending longitudinally from first end 52, a second portion 81 adjacent second end 64 extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove 84 which extends across exterior surface 60 from second portion 81 to second end 64. The second fluid bypass 15 passase consists of an "L" shaped bore ~8 having a first portion 80 exterlding longitudinally from second end 64, a second portion 82 adjacent ~irst end 62 which exter~ds transversely, and a longitudinal groove 84 which exterlds across exterior surface 60 from second portion 82 to 20 f irst end 62 . A metering device 85 is disposed in f irst portion 80 of each of "L" shaped bores ~6 and 78. A
f irst f luid return passage and a second f luid return passage are provided of like construction to that provided in valve 52a. The first fluid return passage 25 consists of a longitudinal bore ~2 with a connecting transverse bore ~4 adjacent first end 62 of valve 52.
Th~ second fluid return passage consists of a longitudinal bore ~1 with a connecting transverse bore ~3 adjacent second end 64 of valve 52. The fluid return 30 passages provide an alternate path for use by fluidY
when repositioning valve 52 in restrictive bore 46, so that all fluids need not pass through metering device 85. Valve 52 is slidably movable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55 . First 35 s~loulders 53 and second shoulder 55 play a key role when 14 ~
valve 52 i8 positioned within restrictive bore 46.
Second shoulder 55 obstructs "L" shaped bore 78 and fluid return passages ~1 and 72 when mandrel 20 moves in the first direction. This means that the only path 5 available for fluids to flow from first chambe!r 42 to second chamber 44 is through metering device 85 in "L"
s~laped bore 76. First shoulder 53 obstructs "L" shaped bore 76 and f luid return passages 71 and ~2 when mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. This means that t~le 10 only path available for ~luids to flow from second chamber 44 to f irst chamber 42 is through metering device 85 in "L" shaped bore ~8. The metering device presently being used by the applicant is commercially avallable under the trade mark "Vi~co jet". The "Visco 15 Jet" comes with a built in filter, but in addition the Applicant uses a further filter 86 along with metering device 85. The provision of longitudinal grooves 84 provide a fluid passa~e from "L" shaped bores 76 and 78.
When a force is exerted to reposition valve 52 in 20 restrictive bore 46, first shoulder 53 or second shoulder 55 will obstruct the flow of fluids through longitudinai bores 71 and 72, respectively, of the fluid L'low return passages. As valve 52 is pushed back into position, fluids flow into longitudinal bores 71 or 72 25 and have a path for egress through transverse bores 73 or 74, respectively. This improves the speed at which valve 52 may be reset. Of course, once valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46 transverse bores 73 and 74 are obstructed by restrictive bore, thereby preventing valve 30 52 from moving t~lrough restrictive bore 46.
The use and operation of preferred embodiment 10 having valve 52 will now be described with reference to FIGURES 1 through 1. When not re~auired for jarring 35 preferred ~m~Q,~ t 10 i~ run with valve 52 in a ~:15~;
~
!'neutral" position within restrictive bore 46, as illustrated in FIG~13: 3. W~len a force is exerted in order to cause a ~arring to occur in a first direction shoulder 55 forms a metal to metal seal which prevents 5 the fiow of fiuids through "L" shaped bore ~8 and longitudinal bores ~1 and 72. Mandrel 20 telescopically moves very slowly toward first end 19 of housing 12 until valve 52 has cleared restrictive bore 46. The force cau~es a flow of fluids from chamber 42 to chamber 10 44. These fluids can only flow through "L" shaped bore 76. Fluids from chamber 42 enter lorLgitudinal first portion 80, pass through transverse second portion 81 and along longitudinal grooves 84 in exterior surface 60 of valve 52 to chamber 44. In passing through "L"
15 8haped bore ~6, t~le fluids must flow through metering device 85 . Meterlng device 85 only permits f luids to f low at a predetermined f low rate making the time interval for valve 52 to clear restrictive bore 46 accurately calculable. Valve 52 t~len clears restrictive 20 bore 46 and assumes the position illustrated in FIt;riEE
4 . Af ter a jarring in a f irst direction has occurred a force is exerted to "push" valve 52 back into position.
When valve 52 is being pushed back into position, shoulder 53 closes off "L" shaped bore ~6 and 25 longitudinal bores ~1 and 72. "L" shaped bore 78 is unobstructed, but the presence of metering device 85 restricts the flow of fluids t~lerethroug~l. The pa~l the f luids follow in order to restore valve 52 to a neutral position is in through longitudinal bore ~2 and out 30 t~lrough transverse bore ~4. Once valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46, the further flow of fluids through transverse bore ~4 is obstructed by restrictive bore 46.
W~1en a force is exerted in order to cause a jarring to occur in a second direction shoulder 53 forms a metal to 35 metal seal sqhich prevents the flow of fluids through "L"
'-- 16 2~7 shaped bore ~6 or iongitudinal bores 71 and ~2. Mandrel 20 telescopically moves very siowly toward second end 21 of housing 12 until valve 52 ~1as cleared restrictive bore 46. The force causes a flow of fluids from chamber 5 44 to chamber 42 . These f luids can only f low through "L" shaped bore ~8. Fluids from chamber 44 enter longitudinal first portion 80, pass through transverse second portion 82 and along longitudinal grooves 84 in exterior surface 60 of valve 52 to chamber 42. In 10 passing throuçrh "L" shaped bore 78, the fluids must flow through meteri~g device 85. Met~ring device 85 only permits fluids to flow at a predetermined flow rate making the time interval for valve 52 to clear restrictive bore 46 accurately calculable. Valve 52 t~len 15 assumes the position illustrated in FIG~ 5. After a jarring in a second direction has occurred a force i8 exerted to "pus~ valve 52 back into position. W~len valve 52 is being pushed back into position, shoulder 55 closes of f "L" shaped bore 78 and longitudinal bores ~1 20 and ~2. "L" shaped bore ~6 is unobstructed, but the presence of metering device 86 restricts the f low of fluids therethrough. The path the fluids follow in order to restore valve 52 to a neutral position is in through longitudinal bore 71 and out through transverse 25 bore 73. When valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46, the further f low of f luids through transverse bore ~3 is obstructed by restrictive bore 46.
Although the use of valve 52 as a strictly 30 hydraulic two way jar coniiguration is operable, the Applicant determined that improved per~ormance could be obtained when valve 52 was used in combination Wit~l a form of mechanical latch. It is desirable to place weight upon the drill bit during drilling operations.
35 Without the use of a mechanical latch this weight tended 1 5~
to move valve 52 to come exterlt out of tsle desired "neutral" position within restrlctive bore 46, as iliustrated in FIGURE 3. When used in combination with a mechanicai ia~ch, mandrel 20 is unable to move and is 5 therefore unable to exert ar1y force upon valve 52 until the mechanicai latch is released. A mechanical latch can be given a fairly exact triggering plateau. The combination permits the advantage of a defined triggering plat~au provided by the mechanical latc~l, i~ together with two way movement and a defined time delay as provided by valve 52. A mecharlical latch 100 is iliustrated in ~IGUEi~S 2f and 2g. Mechanical latch 100 consists of a number of segmerlts iO2 having inclined surfaces 103 and 105. Seo~ments 102 are positioned 15 between annular rings 104 and 106 w~lich also have inclined surfaces 108 and 110, respectively. Segments 102 have a latching profile 112 wilich matingly engages an annular latching seat 114 on mandrel 20. A pluraiity of belville springs 116 are used to preload mechanical 20 latch 100, which maintains profiles 112 of segments 102 in latched ~ v _ t with annular latching seat 114 until a preset force is exerted upon mandrel 20 which offsets the biasing force provided by springs 116. When the biasing force of springs 116 is offset, inclined 25 surfaces 103 and 105 of segments 102 slide along inclined surfaces 108 and 110 of annular rings 104 and 106 permitting latch 100 to move to an unlatched position. Mechanical latch 100 is poF itioned in a fluid filled latc~l chamber 120 formed between housing 18 and 30 mandrel 20. Latch chamber 120 has a first end 122 and a second end 124. ~luid chamber 36 having restrictive bore 46 and valve 52, is positioned immediately ad~oining first end 122 of latch chamber 120. Pressure balancing pi~tons 126 and 128, are positioned at first 35 end 122 and second end 124, respectively, of latch c~lamber 120. Each piston has a first face 130 and a second face 134. Seaiing engagement is maintained between pistons 126 and 128 and housing 18 and mandrel 20 be a plurality of peripheral seals 136. A passage 5 138 is provided whereby drillinS3 fluids exert a force upon second face 134 of pistor1 128 positioned at second end 124 of latch chamber 120. T~le force exerted by drilling fluids causes piston 128 to move to a position of equilibrium w~lerein a like pressure is exerted by 10 first face 132 of piston 128 upon fluids in latch chamber 120 . Piston 126 being positioned at f irst end 122 of latch chamber 120 is placed under like pressure and in turn e~erts a like pressure upon fluids within fluid chamber 120. The pre~ence of plston 126 prevents 15 metal chips which inevitably a produced as a result of the operation of latch 100 from migrating from latch chamber i20 to fluid chamber 36, where they could adversely effect the operation of valve 52. A sleeve 140 is positioned at second end 124 of latch chamber 20 120. Sleeve 140 places a preload on sprlngs 116 which also providing sufficient room of the operation of piston 128.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that 25 the valving described as part of the present invention permits two way ,~arring action with a simplified valving arrangement. It will alYo be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifiGations can be made to th~ preferred embodiment without departlng from the spirit and scope 30 of the invention. In particular, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that a variety of valve conf igurations, and a variety of mechanical latch configurations can be used in accordance with t~le teaching of the invention.
lS Although beneficial results may be obtained through the use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve with a longitudinal bore, it is sometimes difficult to get the valve to return to its resting position within the restrictive bore. l;ven more beneficial results may 20 therefore be obtained when the f irst bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve ~laving an adjoining transverse bore adjacent the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage is comprised of a longitudinal bore through t~le valve 25 having an adjoir~ing transverse bore adjacent the f irst end of the valve.
Although benef icial results may be obtained through the use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve with 30 bot~l longitudinal and connecting transverse bores, even more beneficial results may therefore be obtained when the f irst bypass passage is comprised of an nL" shaped bore through the valve having a f irst portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent the second end ~15~i~7 of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across t~le exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the second end of t~le valve, and the second bypass passage 5 i8 comprised of an "L" shaped bore through the valve having a first portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent t~e first end of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across the exterior sur~ace of the valve from 10 t~le second portion to the ~irst end of t~le valve.
Although beneficial results may be obtained through t~le use of an hydraulic drilling jar having a valve as described, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a 15 consistent time delay, as t~le valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore prior to the jarring action of the tool occurring. ~Sverl more beneficial results may therefore be obtained by placing a meterlng device disposed in the bypass passages to meter the flow of 20 f luid .
Al~hough beneficial results may be obtained t~lrough the use of an hydraulic drilling jar as described, even more beneficial results may t~lerefore be obtain by 25 having a mechanicai latch disposed between the housing and t~le marldrel to lock the mandrel within t~le housing until a preset tension or compression force i8 exerted upon t~le mandrel. The use of a mec~lanical latc~l eliminates the possibility of unintentional jarring and 30 also allows the hydraulic drilling jar to be run in compression within the drill string up to the predetermined latch setting.
Although beneficial results may be obtained through t~1e use of an h~draulic drilling jar as described hydrostatic pressure downhole Gan have adverse effect on t~1e tools operations and chips of metal from the mechanicai latch can plug the metering device. Even S more benef icial results may t~1erefore be obtair1ed by having the mechanical latch positioned in a fiuid filled latch chamber having a f irst end and a second end. The fluid chamber which has the restrictive bore adjoins the latch chamber. Pressure balancing pistons are 10 positioned at either end of the latch chamber. Each piston has a ~irst face and a second face. A passage is provided whereby drilling fluids exert a force upon the second face of the piston positioned at the second end of the latch chamber. This results in the piston moving 15 to a position of equili~rium wherein a like pressure is exerted by the ~irst face of the piston upon fluids in the latch chamber . The piston at the f irst end of t~e latch chamber el~erts a like pressure upon fluids within the fluid chamber and prevents metal chips from 20 migrating from the latch chamber to the fluid chamber.
BRIEF ~r:~;~lrIlvN OF T~E nr~a--~7~
These and other features of the invention will 25 become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
FIG~E 1 is a longitudinal section view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FI~RE 2a through 2h are enlarged longitudinal section views of portions of the drilling jar illustrated in FIGURE 1.
FI&URE 3 is a detailed longitudinal section view o~
a portion of the drilling jar illustrated in 3FIGI~RE 1, ~5 with the hydr ~rllic valve ~oGitioned in ~ re~ tive bore, FIGU~E ~ is a detailed longitudinal section view of a portion of the driiling jar illustrated in FIG~RE 1, with the hydraulic vaIve positioned in a first chamber.
FIG~IRE 5 is a detailed longitudinal section view of a portion of the drilling jar illustrated in FIG~E 1, with the hydraulic valve positioned in a second chamber.
FIG~RE 6 is a YeCtion view of a preferred embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
FIGIIRE 7 i8 a cut away view of the hydraulic valve illustrated in EIGURE 6.
FIGURE 8 is a cut away view of a first alternate embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
FIG~7RE 9 is a detailed cut away view of a second 15 alternate embodiment of the hydraulic valve.
r.~n L~ rll~N OF ~Eii: ~s~S~K~LI ~uDl~L
The preferred Pmho~i~ t will now be described with reference to EIGDRES 1 through 7. The preferred 20 F~mhm~ nt, generally designated by reference numeral 10, is an hydraulic drilling jar. The preferred Pmhm~ i t is the result of extensive development and testir1g. The invention lies in t~1e improved hydraulic valve configuration. During the course of such 25 development and tes~ing a number of alternative valve configurations were developed. These alternative valve conf igurations ~re illustrated in FIGURES 8 and ~ . The alternative valves are operable, but had shortcomings which were addressed in the preferred embodiment. These 30 alternative valves will be described, together with background on the shortcoming~i which lead to further development .
Preferred embodiment 10 and the alternate valve 35 configurations are all intended to be incorporated in ~ 8 201~6~7 drilling jars havinu simiiar basic structure. Thig basic structure iY illustrated in FIG~IRE 1. FIGURE 1 i8 marked with ~ division markings which ~L~ Lt arbitrary divisions made for the purpose of enlarging 5 FIGURE 1, for illustration in FIGllRES 2a through 2h.
The primary ~ ts of drilling jar 10 consist of a tubular housin~ 18, and a mandrel 20. Housing 18 consists of ~ number of threadedly connected , _ ts;
18a through 18f. Mandrel 20 consists of a number of 10 threadedly connected tsi 20a through 20d.
Housing 18 has a first end 19, a second end 21, and an interior surface 22 def ining an inner bore 24 . Second end 21 of housing 18 serves as a first projecting anvil 2~. A second projecting anvil 28 encroaches into inner 1~ bore 24 of hou8ing 18. First proJecting anvil 26 and second projecting anvil 28 are in spaced apart relation.
Mandrel 20 is telescopically received within inner bore 24 of housing 18. Mandrel 20 has an exterior surface 30 with a first pro~ecting hammer 32 and a second 20 projecting hammer 34 encroaching into inner bore 24 in spaced apart relation. Referring to FIGURES 2b and 2c, mandrel 20 is telescopically moveable in a first direction toward first end 19 of housing 18 until fir3t hammer 32 strikes first anvil 26. Mandrel 20 is, 25 gimilarly, telescopically moveable in a second direction toward second end 21 of housing 18 until second hammer 34 strikes second anvil 28. Referring to FIGURES 2d and 2e, a fluid chamber 36 is formed between housing 18 and mandrel 20 . Fluid chamber 36 has a f irst end 38 and a 30 gecond end 40- Firgt erLd 38 of fluid chamber 36 is sealed by a pressure balancing piOton 48. Second end 40 of fluid chamber 36 is sealed by a plurality of fixed seals 60. Fluid chamber 36 is actually subdivided into t~o smaller chambers 42 and 44 by a restrictive bore 46.
35 For convenience of reference the chamber adjacent first ~,.,~
~ 9 end 38 wili be referred to as first chamber 42, and t~le chamber adjacent second end 40 will be referred to as second chamber 44.
The difference betwee}l t~le preferred and the alternate embodiments relates to the structure of an annular valve 52 w~lich is positioned in fluid chamber 36. In order to distinguish between the valves the preferred embodiment as illustrated in FIGURE 6 and ~, 10 will be identi~ied by reference numeral 52. The al~ernate embodiments of valve 52 as illustrated in FIGURE~i 8 and 9, will be identified by refere!nce numeral 52a and 52b, respectively. Annular valve 52 is positioned between a first shoulder 53 and a second 15 shoUlder 55, on ~xterior surface 30 of mandrel 20 within f luid chamber 36 . The purpose of valve 52 is to substantially obstruct the flow of fluid wit~lin fluid chamber 36 when t~le valve is positioned in restrictive bore 46 thereby hydraulically coupling mandrel 20 and 20 housinçl 18 until a compression or tension force is exerted upon mandrel 20. The valve has at least one bypass passage, t~le form of which varies in t~le various embodiments . The valve has a f irst end 62, a second end 64, and an exterior surface 60.
The operation of the valve requires that when not required for ~arring the valve be positioned in a neutral position within restrictive bore ~6. When it is desired to use the tool to create a jarring impact, a 30 compre88ion or tension force is exerted upon mandrel 20.
Fluid slowly bleeds from one of chambers 42 or 44 to t~le other of the chambers through the bypass passage creating a time delay before the valve moves out of restrictive bore 46 thereby permitting mandrel 20 to 35 freely telescope. The problems encountered in having the valve correctly operate as a "two way" valve permitting jarring both in tension and compression relate to "lock up" of t~le valve, the positioning of t~le valve in a "neutral" position within restrictive bore 5 46, and controliing the duration of t~le time delay created by the bypass of f iuids through the bypass passage. It is difficult to get the valve to return to a neutral position wit~1in the restrictive bore. If pre98Ure i5 exerted upon the vaive w~lerl it i8 rlot wholly 10 within the restrictive bore, the valve deforms. If the valve deforms it ei ther becomes lodged in tl1e restrictive bore, or is not longer able to enter the restrictive bore.
In early prototypes of the invention (not illustrated) a first bypass passage was provided in the form of a longitudinal groove in the exterior surface 60 of the valve. A second bypass passage was also provided in the form of a longitudinal groove in t~le exterior 20 surface 60 of the valve. The longitudinal grooves provided the necessary clearance space between t~le valve and restrictive bore 46. The valve was slidably moveable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55. The second shoulder 55 moved 25 against second erld 64 of t~le valve to obstruct the second bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the f irst direction. The first shoulder 53 moved against first end 62 to obstruct the f irst bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the second direction. This embodiment, 30 although workable, was not viewed as being as reliable as desired. The longitudinal grooves tended to become clogyed resulting at worst in "lock up" and at best in inconsist~nt time delays prior to t~le jarring action.
A similar result was achieved through t~le use of ll transverse grooves in the ends of the valve . A f irst bypass passa~e was provided in the form of a transverse groove in second end 64 of tlle valve. A second bypass passage was provided in the form o~ a transverse groove 5 in the f irst end 62 of the valve .
In a subsequent prototype (not shown~ the bypass passages of the valve were modified. A first bypass passage was provided in the form of a longitudinal bore 10 through the valve having an adjoining transverse groove in second end 64 of the valve. A second 'oypass passage was also provided in the form of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an ad~oining transverse groove in first end 62 of the valve. The longitudinal bores 15 provided the necessary fluid flow space through the valve. The transverse grooves provided the necessary clearance space between the ends o~ the valve and the s~loulders. The valve was slidably moveable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55 .
20 The second shoulder 55 moved against second end 64 of t~le valve to obstruct the second bypa~3s passage when mandrel 20 moved in the f irst direction. The ~ir~t shoulder 53 moved against first end 62 to obstruct the first bypass passage when mandrel 20 moved in the second 25 direction. This improved version of the valve resolved t~le problem encountered Wit~l first alternate embodiment relating to "lock up", but the problems relating to regulatin~ the duration of the time delay and the repositioning o~ the valve in a neutral position 30 L ' i nf'd .
Referring to FIG~ 3, the ~irst alternate valve configuration illustrated represents an il~l~LlJV- ' t over t~le earlier prototypes. Valve 52a has a first bypass 35 passage consisting of a longitudinal bore 71 through vaive 52a having an adjoining transverse bore ~3 adjacent second end 64. Valve 52a similarly has a second bypass passage consisting of a longitudinal bore 72 through valve 52a having an ad~oining transverse bore 5 74 adjacent first end ô2. Second shoulder 55 moves against second end 64 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore ~1 when mandrel 20 moves in the f irst direction. First shoulder 53 moves against f irst end 62 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore 72 when 10 mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. This embodiment allowed valve 52a to return to a neutral position. It was felt, however, that t~le performance of valve 52a in terms of repositioning and the time interval before a jarring occurred could be improved 15 upon.
Referring to FIG17i~E 9, second alternate valve conf iguration 52b was developed to provide more consistency in jarring that the first alternate valve 20 52a- Valve 52b has a fir5t bypass passage consisting of an "L" shaped bore ~6 having a first portion 80 extending longitudinally, and a second portion 81 adjacent second e~d 64 of t~le valve w~ich extends ~ransversely. Valve 52b has a second bypass passage 25 con8i8ting of an !'L" shaped bore ~8 haviny a f irst portion 80 extending longitudinally and a second portion 82 adjacent f irst end 62 . Second shoulder 55 moves against second end 64 of valve 52b to obstruct "L"
shaped bore 78 whel1 mandrel 20 moves in the f irst 30 direction- First shoUlder 53 moves against f irst end 62 of valve 52a to obstruct longitudinal bore ~6 when mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. Valve 52b showed illl~.L UV. t in terms of allowing the valve to be easily moved back into the restrictive bore after a 35 jarring had occurred. It was determined by the 13 ~i~
Applicant that the control over the time delay could be improved, which lead to t~le development of valve 52.
Valve 52 used in the preferred embodiment will now 5 be described with reference to FI~ES 6 and 7. Valve 52 combines the best features of valves 52a and 52b.
Valve 52 has a first bypass passage and a second bypass passage of like construction to embodiment 52b. The first bypass passage in t~le form of an "L" shaped bore 10 ~6 having a first portion 80 extending longitudinally from first end 52, a second portion 81 adjacent second end 64 extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove 84 which extends across exterior surface 60 from second portion 81 to second end 64. The second fluid bypass 15 passase consists of an "L" shaped bore ~8 having a first portion 80 exterlding longitudinally from second end 64, a second portion 82 adjacent ~irst end 62 which exter~ds transversely, and a longitudinal groove 84 which exterlds across exterior surface 60 from second portion 82 to 20 f irst end 62 . A metering device 85 is disposed in f irst portion 80 of each of "L" shaped bores ~6 and 78. A
f irst f luid return passage and a second f luid return passage are provided of like construction to that provided in valve 52a. The first fluid return passage 25 consists of a longitudinal bore ~2 with a connecting transverse bore ~4 adjacent first end 62 of valve 52.
Th~ second fluid return passage consists of a longitudinal bore ~1 with a connecting transverse bore ~3 adjacent second end 64 of valve 52. The fluid return 30 passages provide an alternate path for use by fluidY
when repositioning valve 52 in restrictive bore 46, so that all fluids need not pass through metering device 85. Valve 52 is slidably movable on mandrel 20 between f irst shoulder 53 and second shoulder 55 . First 35 s~loulders 53 and second shoulder 55 play a key role when 14 ~
valve 52 i8 positioned within restrictive bore 46.
Second shoulder 55 obstructs "L" shaped bore 78 and fluid return passages ~1 and 72 when mandrel 20 moves in the first direction. This means that the only path 5 available for fluids to flow from first chambe!r 42 to second chamber 44 is through metering device 85 in "L"
s~laped bore 76. First shoulder 53 obstructs "L" shaped bore 76 and f luid return passages 71 and ~2 when mandrel 20 moves in the second direction. This means that t~le 10 only path available for ~luids to flow from second chamber 44 to f irst chamber 42 is through metering device 85 in "L" shaped bore ~8. The metering device presently being used by the applicant is commercially avallable under the trade mark "Vi~co jet". The "Visco 15 Jet" comes with a built in filter, but in addition the Applicant uses a further filter 86 along with metering device 85. The provision of longitudinal grooves 84 provide a fluid passa~e from "L" shaped bores 76 and 78.
When a force is exerted to reposition valve 52 in 20 restrictive bore 46, first shoulder 53 or second shoulder 55 will obstruct the flow of fluids through longitudinai bores 71 and 72, respectively, of the fluid L'low return passages. As valve 52 is pushed back into position, fluids flow into longitudinal bores 71 or 72 25 and have a path for egress through transverse bores 73 or 74, respectively. This improves the speed at which valve 52 may be reset. Of course, once valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46 transverse bores 73 and 74 are obstructed by restrictive bore, thereby preventing valve 30 52 from moving t~lrough restrictive bore 46.
The use and operation of preferred embodiment 10 having valve 52 will now be described with reference to FIGURES 1 through 1. When not re~auired for jarring 35 preferred ~m~Q,~ t 10 i~ run with valve 52 in a ~:15~;
~
!'neutral" position within restrictive bore 46, as illustrated in FIG~13: 3. W~len a force is exerted in order to cause a ~arring to occur in a first direction shoulder 55 forms a metal to metal seal which prevents 5 the fiow of fiuids through "L" shaped bore ~8 and longitudinal bores ~1 and 72. Mandrel 20 telescopically moves very slowly toward first end 19 of housing 12 until valve 52 has cleared restrictive bore 46. The force cau~es a flow of fluids from chamber 42 to chamber 10 44. These fluids can only flow through "L" shaped bore 76. Fluids from chamber 42 enter lorLgitudinal first portion 80, pass through transverse second portion 81 and along longitudinal grooves 84 in exterior surface 60 of valve 52 to chamber 44. In passing through "L"
15 8haped bore ~6, t~le fluids must flow through metering device 85 . Meterlng device 85 only permits f luids to f low at a predetermined f low rate making the time interval for valve 52 to clear restrictive bore 46 accurately calculable. Valve 52 t~len clears restrictive 20 bore 46 and assumes the position illustrated in FIt;riEE
4 . Af ter a jarring in a f irst direction has occurred a force is exerted to "push" valve 52 back into position.
When valve 52 is being pushed back into position, shoulder 53 closes off "L" shaped bore ~6 and 25 longitudinal bores ~1 and 72. "L" shaped bore 78 is unobstructed, but the presence of metering device 85 restricts the flow of fluids t~lerethroug~l. The pa~l the f luids follow in order to restore valve 52 to a neutral position is in through longitudinal bore ~2 and out 30 t~lrough transverse bore ~4. Once valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46, the further flow of fluids through transverse bore ~4 is obstructed by restrictive bore 46.
W~1en a force is exerted in order to cause a jarring to occur in a second direction shoulder 53 forms a metal to 35 metal seal sqhich prevents the flow of fluids through "L"
'-- 16 2~7 shaped bore ~6 or iongitudinal bores 71 and ~2. Mandrel 20 telescopically moves very siowly toward second end 21 of housing 12 until valve 52 ~1as cleared restrictive bore 46. The force causes a flow of fluids from chamber 5 44 to chamber 42 . These f luids can only f low through "L" shaped bore ~8. Fluids from chamber 44 enter longitudinal first portion 80, pass through transverse second portion 82 and along longitudinal grooves 84 in exterior surface 60 of valve 52 to chamber 42. In 10 passing throuçrh "L" shaped bore 78, the fluids must flow through meteri~g device 85. Met~ring device 85 only permits fluids to flow at a predetermined flow rate making the time interval for valve 52 to clear restrictive bore 46 accurately calculable. Valve 52 t~len 15 assumes the position illustrated in FIG~ 5. After a jarring in a second direction has occurred a force i8 exerted to "pus~ valve 52 back into position. W~len valve 52 is being pushed back into position, shoulder 55 closes of f "L" shaped bore 78 and longitudinal bores ~1 20 and ~2. "L" shaped bore ~6 is unobstructed, but the presence of metering device 86 restricts the f low of fluids therethrough. The path the fluids follow in order to restore valve 52 to a neutral position is in through longitudinal bore 71 and out through transverse 25 bore 73. When valve 52 enters restrictive bore 46, the further f low of f luids through transverse bore ~3 is obstructed by restrictive bore 46.
Although the use of valve 52 as a strictly 30 hydraulic two way jar coniiguration is operable, the Applicant determined that improved per~ormance could be obtained when valve 52 was used in combination Wit~l a form of mechanical latch. It is desirable to place weight upon the drill bit during drilling operations.
35 Without the use of a mechanical latch this weight tended 1 5~
to move valve 52 to come exterlt out of tsle desired "neutral" position within restrlctive bore 46, as iliustrated in FIGURE 3. When used in combination with a mechanicai ia~ch, mandrel 20 is unable to move and is 5 therefore unable to exert ar1y force upon valve 52 until the mechanicai latch is released. A mechanical latch can be given a fairly exact triggering plateau. The combination permits the advantage of a defined triggering plat~au provided by the mechanical latc~l, i~ together with two way movement and a defined time delay as provided by valve 52. A mecharlical latch 100 is iliustrated in ~IGUEi~S 2f and 2g. Mechanical latch 100 consists of a number of segmerlts iO2 having inclined surfaces 103 and 105. Seo~ments 102 are positioned 15 between annular rings 104 and 106 w~lich also have inclined surfaces 108 and 110, respectively. Segments 102 have a latching profile 112 wilich matingly engages an annular latching seat 114 on mandrel 20. A pluraiity of belville springs 116 are used to preload mechanical 20 latch 100, which maintains profiles 112 of segments 102 in latched ~ v _ t with annular latching seat 114 until a preset force is exerted upon mandrel 20 which offsets the biasing force provided by springs 116. When the biasing force of springs 116 is offset, inclined 25 surfaces 103 and 105 of segments 102 slide along inclined surfaces 108 and 110 of annular rings 104 and 106 permitting latch 100 to move to an unlatched position. Mechanical latch 100 is poF itioned in a fluid filled latc~l chamber 120 formed between housing 18 and 30 mandrel 20. Latch chamber 120 has a first end 122 and a second end 124. ~luid chamber 36 having restrictive bore 46 and valve 52, is positioned immediately ad~oining first end 122 of latch chamber 120. Pressure balancing pi~tons 126 and 128, are positioned at first 35 end 122 and second end 124, respectively, of latch c~lamber 120. Each piston has a first face 130 and a second face 134. Seaiing engagement is maintained between pistons 126 and 128 and housing 18 and mandrel 20 be a plurality of peripheral seals 136. A passage 5 138 is provided whereby drillinS3 fluids exert a force upon second face 134 of pistor1 128 positioned at second end 124 of latch chamber 120. T~le force exerted by drilling fluids causes piston 128 to move to a position of equilibrium w~lerein a like pressure is exerted by 10 first face 132 of piston 128 upon fluids in latch chamber 120 . Piston 126 being positioned at f irst end 122 of latch chamber 120 is placed under like pressure and in turn e~erts a like pressure upon fluids within fluid chamber 120. The pre~ence of plston 126 prevents 15 metal chips which inevitably a produced as a result of the operation of latch 100 from migrating from latch chamber i20 to fluid chamber 36, where they could adversely effect the operation of valve 52. A sleeve 140 is positioned at second end 124 of latch chamber 20 120. Sleeve 140 places a preload on sprlngs 116 which also providing sufficient room of the operation of piston 128.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that 25 the valving described as part of the present invention permits two way ,~arring action with a simplified valving arrangement. It will alYo be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifiGations can be made to th~ preferred embodiment without departlng from the spirit and scope 30 of the invention. In particular, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that a variety of valve conf igurations, and a variety of mechanical latch configurations can be used in accordance with t~le teaching of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. An improvement in a valve for an hydraulic drilling jar having a tubular housing with an interior surface defining an inner bore, a mandrel telescopically received within the inner bore of the housing, one of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting anvil and a second projecting anvil in spaced apart relation, the other of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting hammer and a second projecting hammer in spaced apart relation, one of the mandrel or housing being telescopically moveable in a first direction until the first hammer strikes the first anvil and telescopically moveable in a second direction until the second hammer strikes the second anvil, the improvement comprising:
a. a fluid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel, the fluid chamber being divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore;
b. sealing means for sealing the first end and second end of the fluid chamber;
c. an annular valve mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder and a second shoulder, the valve having a first end, a second end and an exterior surface, the valve substantially obstructing the flow of fluid within the fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore thereby hydraulically coupling the mandrel and the housing until a compression or tension force is exerted, the valve having a first bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the first direction is unrestricted, the valve having a second bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopical movement in a second direction is unrestricted, the valve being slidably moveable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder shoulder that the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage when the mandrel moves in the first direction and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage when the mandrel moves in the second direction.
a. a fluid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel, the fluid chamber being divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore;
b. sealing means for sealing the first end and second end of the fluid chamber;
c. an annular valve mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder and a second shoulder, the valve having a first end, a second end and an exterior surface, the valve substantially obstructing the flow of fluid within the fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore thereby hydraulically coupling the mandrel and the housing until a compression or tension force is exerted, the valve having a first bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the first direction is unrestricted, the valve having a second bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopical movement in a second direction is unrestricted, the valve being slidably moveable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder shoulder that the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage when the mandrel moves in the first direction and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage when the mandrel moves in the second direction.
2. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, the first bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal groove in the exterior surface of the valve, and the second bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal groove in the exterior surface of the valve.
3. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, the first bypass passage being comprised of transverse groove in the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage being comprised of a transverse groove in the first end of the valve.
4. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, the first bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining transverse groove in the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining transverse groove in the first end of the valve.
5. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, the first bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining transverse bore adjacent the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage being comprised of a longitudinal bore through the valve having an adjoining transverse bore adjacent the first end of the valve.
6. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, the first bypass passage being comprised of an "L" shaped bore through the valve having a first portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent the second end of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the second end of the valve, and the second bypass passage being comprised of an "L" shaped bore through the valve having a first portion extending longitudinally, a second portion adjacent the first end of the valve which extends transversely, and a longitudinal groove extending across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the first end of the valve.
7. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, having a metering device disposed in the bypass passages to meter the flow of fluid.
8. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 1, having a mechanical latch disposed between the housing and the mandrel thereby locking the mandrel within the housing until a preset tension or compression force is exerted.
9. An improvement in a valve for an hydraulic drilling jar having a tubular housing with an interior surface defining an inner bore, a mandrel telescopically received within the inner bore of the housing, one of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting anvil and a second projecting anvil in spaced apart relation, the other of the mandrel or the housing having a first projecting hammer and a second projecting hammer in spaced apart relation, one of the mandrel or housing being telescopically moveable in a first direction until the first hammer strikes the first anvil and telescopically moveable in a second direction until the second hammer strikes the second anvil, the improvement comprising:
a. a fluid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel, the fluid chamber being divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore;
b. sealing means for sealing the first end and second end of the fluid chamber;
c. an annular valve mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder and a second shoulder, the valve having a first end, a second end and an exterior surface, the valve substantially obstructing the flow of fluid within the fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore thereby hydraulically coupling tile mandrel and the housing until a compression or tension force is exerted, the valve having a first fluid bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the first direction is unrestricted, the first bypass passage being an "L" shaped bore having a first portion extending longitudinally from the first end of the valve and a second portion adjacent the second end of the valve which extends transversely, a longitudinal groove extends across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the first end of the valve, a second fluid bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the second direction is unrestricted, the second bypass passage being an "L" shaped bore having a first portion extending longitudinally from the second end of the valve and a second portion adjacent the first end of the valve which extends transversely, a longitudinal groove extends across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the first end of the valve, a metering device being disposed in the first portion each of the first bypass passage and the second bypass passage, a first fluid return passage having a longitudinal bore with a connecting transverse bore adjacent the first end of the valve, a second fluid return passage having a longitudinal bore with a connecting transverse bore adjacent the second end of the valve, whereby an alternate path for use by fluids when repositioning the valve in the restrictive bore, the valve being slidably movable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, such that when the valve is positioned within the restrictive bore the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage and one end of both fluid return passages when the mandrel moves in the first direction, and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage and one end of both fluid return passages when the mandrel moves in the second direction.
a. a fluid chamber having a first end and a second end disposed between the housing and the mandrel, the fluid chamber being divided into a first chamber and a second chamber by a restrictive bore;
b. sealing means for sealing the first end and second end of the fluid chamber;
c. an annular valve mounted on the exterior surface of the mandrel between a first shoulder and a second shoulder, the valve having a first end, a second end and an exterior surface, the valve substantially obstructing the flow of fluid within the fluid chamber when the valve is positioned in the restrictive bore thereby hydraulically coupling tile mandrel and the housing until a compression or tension force is exerted, the valve having a first fluid bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the first chamber to the second chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the first direction is unrestricted, the first bypass passage being an "L" shaped bore having a first portion extending longitudinally from the first end of the valve and a second portion adjacent the second end of the valve which extends transversely, a longitudinal groove extends across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the first end of the valve, a second fluid bypass passage whereby fluid passes from the second chamber to the first chamber creating a time delay as the valve slowly moves out of the restrictive bore whereupon telescopic movement in the second direction is unrestricted, the second bypass passage being an "L" shaped bore having a first portion extending longitudinally from the second end of the valve and a second portion adjacent the first end of the valve which extends transversely, a longitudinal groove extends across the exterior surface of the valve from the second portion to the first end of the valve, a metering device being disposed in the first portion each of the first bypass passage and the second bypass passage, a first fluid return passage having a longitudinal bore with a connecting transverse bore adjacent the first end of the valve, a second fluid return passage having a longitudinal bore with a connecting transverse bore adjacent the second end of the valve, whereby an alternate path for use by fluids when repositioning the valve in the restrictive bore, the valve being slidably movable on the mandrel between the first shoulder and the second shoulder, such that when the valve is positioned within the restrictive bore the second shoulder obstructs the second bypass passage and one end of both fluid return passages when the mandrel moves in the first direction, and the first shoulder obstructs the first passage and one end of both fluid return passages when the mandrel moves in the second direction.
10. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 9, having a mechanical latch disposed between the housing and the mandrel whereby the mandrel is locked within the housing until a preset tension or compression force is exerted.
11. An hydraulic drilling jar as defined in Claim 10, having the mechanical latch positioned in a fluid filled latch chamber having a first end and a second end, the fluid chamber having the restrictive bore adjoining the latch chamber, and pressure balancing pistons being positioned at either end of the latch chamber, each piston having a first face and a second face, a passage being provided whereby drilling fluids exert a force upon the second face of the piston positioned at the second end of the latch chamber, thereby causing the piston to move to a position of equilibrium wherein a like pressure 18 exerted by the first face upon fluids in the latch chamber, the piston at the first end of the latch chamber exerting a like pressure upon fluids within the fluid chamber and preventing metal chips from migrating from the latch chamber to the fluid chamber.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2015647 CA2015647C (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar |
| US07/681,925 US5123493A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1991-04-08 | Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2015647 CA2015647C (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2015647A1 CA2015647A1 (en) | 1991-10-27 |
| CA2015647C true CA2015647C (en) | 1996-08-13 |
Family
ID=4144865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2015647 Expired - Lifetime CA2015647C (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1990-04-27 | Valve used in a hydraulic drilling jar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2015647C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113338832B (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2023-10-20 | 四川伟创石油装备制造有限公司 | Hydraulic bidirectional jar |
-
1990
- 1990-04-27 CA CA 2015647 patent/CA2015647C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2015647A1 (en) | 1991-10-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |