CA2015116A1 - Material for multilayer sliding surface bearings - Google Patents
Material for multilayer sliding surface bearingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2015116A1 CA2015116A1 CA002015116A CA2015116A CA2015116A1 CA 2015116 A1 CA2015116 A1 CA 2015116A1 CA 002015116 A CA002015116 A CA 002015116A CA 2015116 A CA2015116 A CA 2015116A CA 2015116 A1 CA2015116 A1 CA 2015116A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- backing
- material according
- matrix
- sliding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/16—Homopolymers or copolymers or vinylidene fluoride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08L27/18—Homopolymers or copolymers or tetrafluoroethene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A material for multiolayer sliding surface bearings comprises a backing and a sliding layer, which is joined to said backing and comprises a matrix of a fluorine-containing polymeric material and metal powder that is finely dispersed in said matrix.
For use in the manufacture of bearing shells for crankpins and mainshaft portions of crank-shafts in reciprocating piston machines, the fluorine-containing polymeric material contains inclusions con-sisting of metal fluoride and metal oxyfluoride and consists of monoclinic crystalline PVDF, amorphous PVDF
and 10 to 90 % by weight of a novel polymer, which in an X-ray diffraction pattern made by CuK.alpha. radiation exhibits a sharp intensity peak at a double Bragg angle of 2 ? =
18.07?0.03 degrees and has a melting range of 320 to 350 °C and is free of orthorhombic crystalline PVDF.
A material for multiolayer sliding surface bearings comprises a backing and a sliding layer, which is joined to said backing and comprises a matrix of a fluorine-containing polymeric material and metal powder that is finely dispersed in said matrix.
For use in the manufacture of bearing shells for crankpins and mainshaft portions of crank-shafts in reciprocating piston machines, the fluorine-containing polymeric material contains inclusions con-sisting of metal fluoride and metal oxyfluoride and consists of monoclinic crystalline PVDF, amorphous PVDF
and 10 to 90 % by weight of a novel polymer, which in an X-ray diffraction pattern made by CuK.alpha. radiation exhibits a sharp intensity peak at a double Bragg angle of 2 ? =
18.07?0.03 degrees and has a melting range of 320 to 350 °C and is free of orthorhombic crystalline PVDF.
Description
A 740~
`` 2 0 1 ~
~olbenschmidt .~G .~?-il 26, 1989 ~arl-Sc~m-dt-_tr~sse 7107 Nec~arsuim Case No. 850040 ~aterial for ~ultilayer Sliding Surface ~earings ' D~SCRl~TION
This invention relates to a ma'erial 3 for multilayer sliding surface bearings, which material comprises a monolayer or multilayer backing and a slid-ing layer, which is joined to said backing and has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.2C mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.08 mm and comprises a matrix, wnich consists of a fluorine-. COntaiDing polymeric material and in an amount of 5 to i~ .
50 ~ ~y weight, preferably 30 to 40 ~ by ~eight, contains a finely dispersed metal powder, which has a high af-finity to fluorine and has a particle size ~ 40 ~m, ~ and to a process of producing the material~.
:~ ~P 0044 577 and German Patent Specifi-, cation 29 28 C61 di~close a material for sliding sur-face bearings hhich nave a sliding layer ~ade of plastic.
Tha~ material comprises a Dacking of metal, preferably .~
.
.
`` 2 0 1 ~
~olbenschmidt .~G .~?-il 26, 1989 ~arl-Sc~m-dt-_tr~sse 7107 Nec~arsuim Case No. 850040 ~aterial for ~ultilayer Sliding Surface ~earings ' D~SCRl~TION
This invention relates to a ma'erial 3 for multilayer sliding surface bearings, which material comprises a monolayer or multilayer backing and a slid-ing layer, which is joined to said backing and has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.2C mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.08 mm and comprises a matrix, wnich consists of a fluorine-. COntaiDing polymeric material and in an amount of 5 to i~ .
50 ~ ~y weight, preferably 30 to 40 ~ by ~eight, contains a finely dispersed metal powder, which has a high af-finity to fluorine and has a particle size ~ 40 ~m, ~ and to a process of producing the material~.
:~ ~P 0044 577 and German Patent Specifi-, cation 29 28 C61 di~close a material for sliding sur-face bearings hhich nave a sliding layer ~ade of plastic.
Tha~ material comprises a Dacking of metal, preferably .~
.
.
2 ~
of steel, and on said backing a sliding layer, ~hich has a thickness of 30 to 500 ~m and comprises a matric-forming, fluorine-containing ?ol~meric material, namely, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ~nd 5 to 50 ~ by volume lead particles having a particle size ~ 50 um and may con-tain finely dispersed inclusions consisting of substances for improving the sliding properties. The sliding layer of plastic has desirably been applied to a porous rough layer, ~hich has been sintered or sprayed onto the back-~ g and has a thickness of 250 to ~5C um and is made ofa me~a~iic material which has good si ding properties, pre~e-ably bronze, and the void vclume of the rough layer is filled by the plas~ic of the sliding layer.
Whereas multilayer sliding surface bea~ings made of that ma~rial ha-e a relatively wide field of application, theg cannot be used as bearings for connecting crank~ins and mainshaft portions of cranksnafts and of camshafts and mass-balancing shafts in reciprocating piston machines, particularly in internal combus~ion engines, because the sliding layer comprising the fluorine-containing polymeric material will melt during operation so that deposits ~ill be formed in the ~cvably moun~ed members and the sliding layer ~ili ultimateiy be estroyed.
It ia an o~ject o- the present in-vention so to modify the ~a~erial for mu:tilayer sliding l j :
2~ 3~.3~
su~face bearings ~hich has been lesc~ibed first herein~
before that bear n~ sheils made therefrom can be used as bearings ~or cran~pins nd ma nsha~t 2ortions of crankshaf~s and for camsha~ts and mass-balancing sha ts in reciprocatin~ piston machines, particulariv~ in inter-nal combustion engines. At the same time, their ela~ticity is so to be improved that the vibra~ioD of the cra~k-shaft, camshaft or mass-balancing shaft ~ill distinctly be damped so that a much smoother and less noisy opera-tion of the reci?-ocating piston machine ~ill be ensured.
That object is accomplished in t~ 0.5 to 5.0 ~/0 by weiOht metal fluoride and 0.5 to 5.0 ~ by ~eight metal oxifluoride are contained as inclusions in the fluorine-containing polymeric material 7hich con-sists of 2.5 to 25 ~ by weight monoclinic crystalline PVDF, 2.5 to 40 ~b by weight amorphous PVDF and of 10 to 9C ,b by wei~ht of a novel polymer, which in an X-rav diffrqction pat~ern made by Cu~ radiation exhibits a sharp intensity peak at a double 3ragg angle of 2 ~ =
18.07tO.03 desrees and has a meltin~ range of 320 to 350 C and is free of orthorhombic crys~alline P~DF.
The con~en~ of the nove' polvvmer prefer-ab'y amounts to 15 to 50 ~ by wei~ht of ~he matrix.
~ he metal powders ha~tirc a ~articul rly hiæh affinity ~o fluo~ine may pa~ticul3rly consist of le~d, tin, zinc, indium, tr.alliu~, c_d~ium, bismuth, barium, copper, sil~ter or alloys ~hereof, individually ., .
; . . .~.. . . .
or in a co~binat on; o. of the ~nown bearing ~etals based on lead or tin.
~ he ~aterial for multila~er sliding surface bearings ~hich is composed in accordance with the invention distin~uishes not only by a high wear resist-ance but also by a hlgh cc~-ressive st-ength at the usual oil temper~tures up to 220C so that a long life of the sliding surface bear ngs made from that material e~en after relatively lon~ operating times of 'he piston machines will be ensured. Besides, the vibration produced by the crankshaft ~ill considerably be dam~ed so that a much smoother and less noisy operation of the reciprocat-ing piston machine will be achieved.
In order to improve the sliding p.operties and for stabilization the matrix may also contain 1 to 20 'b by weight, preferabiy 5 to 15 ~ by weight, finely dispersed ~owder particles consisting of P~FE, ~oS2, graphite, ZDS, 3aS04, stearates, indiv~dually or in combination, and tne particle size of said powder particles is desirably 4~ ~m in adaptation to the metal powder particles.
~ he matrix of the material for multi-layer sliding surface bearings may contain 1 to 10 ~0 by ~eight fibe~s, ~refe-abl~ caroon fibers and/or aramide fibers.
Nithin the scope of the preferred . ..
'' -' ' , - ~ ' , 2~1 3 f~r~her develooment of the materlal tor multila~er sliding surf~ce bearings in acoordance with the in-verltion, ~he ~luorine-containing polvtmer contains in addition to the novel polymer 15 to 20 ~ by weight monoclinic Pt~DF, 15 to 25 ~,~0 by weight amorphous PVDF
and the matrlc also contains as inclusions 1 to 3 %
by weignt lead fluoride~ 1 to 3 % by Neight lead oxy-fluoride, 5 to 25 ~ by weight lead ~nd optionally 3 to lC ~0 by weig`nt PTFE.
In a prererred embodime~t the matrix is composed of 2~o by weight of the novel fluorine-contalnin~ pol~er, 2~ by weight amorphous F~DF~ o by weight monoclinic crystalline PVDF, 2~b by -Neight lead, 3% by wei~nt lead fluo ide, 2,% by weight lead oxofluoride and lC~ by ~eight P~FE. .
In a further composition the matri~
may consist of 5~jO by wei~ht of the novel fluorine-con-taining polymer, lOYo by weight monoclinic crystalline FV3F ~ lCyo by Neight amorphous P~DF, l~h by weight P~FE, 20~/o by weight lead fluoride, 2.5Yo ~y weight le~d oxi-luoride and iOYo by ~eight .ead.
The sliding layer which is composed in accordance ~ith t:.e nventlcr; s bonded directly to the mecnanically or chem~ally roughened surface of the b.~cklng, Ni~ich may consist of steel, c~at lron, ~ronze, aluminum, ~luminum allo~, fiber--einforced ~lastic, i ~.
~: ,.: : ~. . : ' 2 ~
ceramic, or of a composite material consi~ting o~
steel anG ~hite metal, steel and bro~ze, steel and aluminum ~lloy, hiGh-st~en~th aluminum alloy and al1im -num ~earing alloy, or a si~ilar mauerial.
Alternatively, the sliding layer may ~e jolned to the backin~ by means of an lnterlayer consisting of a po-ous metallic ~earing material whicn has been applied bv~ sintering, spraying or cathode s~uttering and pre~erz~1vY consists of bronze or an aluminum bearing alloy. The material of the sliding laye~ fills the void volume of the pores so ~hat the sliding layer is nrovided ove~ uhe layer consistin~ of ~the metallic bearing material.
AlternativelvY, the sliding layer may be adnesiveiy bonded to the ba~ing.
In accordance with a preferred feature of the invention the material for sliding layers may be so com?osed that the content of the novel polvvme~ linearly or exponentiall~,~ decreases from the slid~nb su~ce o the sli~ing 'ayer toward ~ ;~
the backing. In that case the con~ent of the novel nolv~er in the f;uorine-containing polvvmeric material ~ill amount to 8C ~o 9C ,-0 '~y ~ei~ht a' vhe âliding sur,ace and lC to -'C ,~ ~y ,~e _ht adj~cent ,o ,'ne ~ac~ir~
~ ccord~nce ~i~h a fu~ther featu-e of ~he in~e~ion -;he ~liding la~e. may ~e composed of a plurali~y of ir.dividual lav~e.s ~hich ~re ~oined to each other ~nd may have di fe-ent contents of the novel 2 ~ ? ~
~olym2..
ID the process of nroducing the material .'or s~ding su~f_ce bearings, a mix~ure of ,~ to 80 ~ by r~eight fluorine-con~aining polv~meric ma~erial and 5 to 5 'o ~y ~eight of a meval powder having a hi~h affinity to fluorine is applied to and rolled onto a backing and is heated to a temperature in excess of 290C, pre~er-ablvv 300 to 340 C, held at that temperature for 0.5 to ~.5 mlnutes, preferably for 1.0 to 2.0 minutes, and is thereafter continuously cooled to 100~ during a time of 0.5 tO 10 minutes, preferablv of 4 minutes.
~ he material for sliiing surface bear-ings may be continuously produced in that a bacKing strip is continuously coated or may be discontinuously produced in t~at separate backing sections are inaivi-dually coated.
The invention will now oe ex~lained ~ore in detail Nith reference to an illustr~tive embodi-ment and to dr~in~s, in which Fi~ure 1 is a diagrammatic .epresenta-tion of an qp~aratus for carrying out the process of producing the material for multilayer ~liding sur~ace bearings.
Figure 2 is a sect.onal -~i~ shcwing tne mave~ial for multilayer sliding su~~ace bea~ings.
- 2~;3~3f^
~ if~ure 3 is a ~ ew s~owinf~ on a larger scale a portion of ~if~lre 2.
~ strip 2 ~hich ha~ be~n coiled oo ~ .eel l consists of a backirlg steel st,ip 3 ~nd a porous rough ur.dercoat 4 of sintered lead bronze. The s~rip 2 is continuously unwound from the reel l and on the side provided Nith the rough undercoat i~ uniformly coated ~ith ~ powder mixture, which is supplied from a vessel 5 provided ~ith a stirrer and is composed of 6~//'~f by weight PV3F, 25-,~b by weight lead and 15^~ by weight M~FE. Ihe strip 2 is passed through a rollin~
mill stand 6~ in Nh~c~ ~e cpen ?ores of the rough ~undercoat 4 are filled with the po~-der mixture in such ~ manner that a sli~linf$ layer 7 is ?roviGed over the ?eaks of the rough undercoat 4. The coated strip 2 is ther. moved th-ou~fh the continuous furnace 8 and is heat~
ed therein to 320C for 1.5 minuteâ. ~s a result, the PVDF if relted in such a manner ~hal a matri~ is obtained, ~hich contains a fluorine-ccntalning polymeric material, :::
~hicn in an g-ray diffraction pat~e~n made by means of CuE~ radiation has an intensity ?eak at a ~ouble 3rag~ angle of 2~ = 18.07+0.03 and which has a melt,ing range from 320 to 35C C, as well c- l~ by ~eight mono-cllnic cr~stalline PV3~, 2~ by ~ei~ht amo~phous ~V3F, 2~'''ff by weight lead, 15~5 by ~ei~f~t ~T~, 3.5-,0 by ~eiSht lead fluoride and 3.5-.~ by ~ei~f~t 'ead o~yf'uoride.
~fter the s~ri~f has left the c~n._ruous Lurnace 8, the !
,f 2 ~ ~ 3~
matrix is recompacted and smoothened in a roilin~. m~11 -tand ~ ~nd in ~ con~inuoliC ~llrnace 10 ia subse.~uently conti~uousl~ cooled ~o a temper^ ~,u~e o` -^bout 100C
within 7 minutes. rhe resulting multilayer for sliding surface bearings is sized in the succeeding rolling mill s~d 11 and is subsequently wound up on the reel 12. ~he ~ultilayer strip of maverial for sliding sur-face be^-rings ma~ then be used to without difficulty and without a need fo- an afte ',rea~,~ent or subse~uent machin-in~ ~o make shells for sliding surface bearings, whick will ensure a s~oother and less noisy o~era'ivn of cra~kpins and mainshaft portions of crankshafts and o~ camshafts and mass-balancing shafts.
, , '' .
-`.
of steel, and on said backing a sliding layer, ~hich has a thickness of 30 to 500 ~m and comprises a matric-forming, fluorine-containing ?ol~meric material, namely, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ~nd 5 to 50 ~ by volume lead particles having a particle size ~ 50 um and may con-tain finely dispersed inclusions consisting of substances for improving the sliding properties. The sliding layer of plastic has desirably been applied to a porous rough layer, ~hich has been sintered or sprayed onto the back-~ g and has a thickness of 250 to ~5C um and is made ofa me~a~iic material which has good si ding properties, pre~e-ably bronze, and the void vclume of the rough layer is filled by the plas~ic of the sliding layer.
Whereas multilayer sliding surface bea~ings made of that ma~rial ha-e a relatively wide field of application, theg cannot be used as bearings for connecting crank~ins and mainshaft portions of cranksnafts and of camshafts and mass-balancing shafts in reciprocating piston machines, particularly in internal combus~ion engines, because the sliding layer comprising the fluorine-containing polymeric material will melt during operation so that deposits ~ill be formed in the ~cvably moun~ed members and the sliding layer ~ili ultimateiy be estroyed.
It ia an o~ject o- the present in-vention so to modify the ~a~erial for mu:tilayer sliding l j :
2~ 3~.3~
su~face bearings ~hich has been lesc~ibed first herein~
before that bear n~ sheils made therefrom can be used as bearings ~or cran~pins nd ma nsha~t 2ortions of crankshaf~s and for camsha~ts and mass-balancing sha ts in reciprocatin~ piston machines, particulariv~ in inter-nal combustion engines. At the same time, their ela~ticity is so to be improved that the vibra~ioD of the cra~k-shaft, camshaft or mass-balancing shaft ~ill distinctly be damped so that a much smoother and less noisy opera-tion of the reci?-ocating piston machine ~ill be ensured.
That object is accomplished in t~ 0.5 to 5.0 ~/0 by weiOht metal fluoride and 0.5 to 5.0 ~ by ~eight metal oxifluoride are contained as inclusions in the fluorine-containing polymeric material 7hich con-sists of 2.5 to 25 ~ by weight monoclinic crystalline PVDF, 2.5 to 40 ~b by weight amorphous PVDF and of 10 to 9C ,b by wei~ht of a novel polymer, which in an X-rav diffrqction pat~ern made by Cu~ radiation exhibits a sharp intensity peak at a double 3ragg angle of 2 ~ =
18.07tO.03 desrees and has a meltin~ range of 320 to 350 C and is free of orthorhombic crys~alline P~DF.
The con~en~ of the nove' polvvmer prefer-ab'y amounts to 15 to 50 ~ by wei~ht of ~he matrix.
~ he metal powders ha~tirc a ~articul rly hiæh affinity ~o fluo~ine may pa~ticul3rly consist of le~d, tin, zinc, indium, tr.alliu~, c_d~ium, bismuth, barium, copper, sil~ter or alloys ~hereof, individually ., .
; . . .~.. . . .
or in a co~binat on; o. of the ~nown bearing ~etals based on lead or tin.
~ he ~aterial for multila~er sliding surface bearings ~hich is composed in accordance with the invention distin~uishes not only by a high wear resist-ance but also by a hlgh cc~-ressive st-ength at the usual oil temper~tures up to 220C so that a long life of the sliding surface bear ngs made from that material e~en after relatively lon~ operating times of 'he piston machines will be ensured. Besides, the vibration produced by the crankshaft ~ill considerably be dam~ed so that a much smoother and less noisy operation of the reciprocat-ing piston machine will be achieved.
In order to improve the sliding p.operties and for stabilization the matrix may also contain 1 to 20 'b by weight, preferabiy 5 to 15 ~ by weight, finely dispersed ~owder particles consisting of P~FE, ~oS2, graphite, ZDS, 3aS04, stearates, indiv~dually or in combination, and tne particle size of said powder particles is desirably 4~ ~m in adaptation to the metal powder particles.
~ he matrix of the material for multi-layer sliding surface bearings may contain 1 to 10 ~0 by ~eight fibe~s, ~refe-abl~ caroon fibers and/or aramide fibers.
Nithin the scope of the preferred . ..
'' -' ' , - ~ ' , 2~1 3 f~r~her develooment of the materlal tor multila~er sliding surf~ce bearings in acoordance with the in-verltion, ~he ~luorine-containing polvtmer contains in addition to the novel polymer 15 to 20 ~ by weight monoclinic Pt~DF, 15 to 25 ~,~0 by weight amorphous PVDF
and the matrlc also contains as inclusions 1 to 3 %
by weignt lead fluoride~ 1 to 3 % by Neight lead oxy-fluoride, 5 to 25 ~ by weight lead ~nd optionally 3 to lC ~0 by weig`nt PTFE.
In a prererred embodime~t the matrix is composed of 2~o by weight of the novel fluorine-contalnin~ pol~er, 2~ by weight amorphous F~DF~ o by weight monoclinic crystalline PVDF, 2~b by -Neight lead, 3% by wei~nt lead fluo ide, 2,% by weight lead oxofluoride and lC~ by ~eight P~FE. .
In a further composition the matri~
may consist of 5~jO by wei~ht of the novel fluorine-con-taining polymer, lOYo by weight monoclinic crystalline FV3F ~ lCyo by Neight amorphous P~DF, l~h by weight P~FE, 20~/o by weight lead fluoride, 2.5Yo ~y weight le~d oxi-luoride and iOYo by ~eight .ead.
The sliding layer which is composed in accordance ~ith t:.e nventlcr; s bonded directly to the mecnanically or chem~ally roughened surface of the b.~cklng, Ni~ich may consist of steel, c~at lron, ~ronze, aluminum, ~luminum allo~, fiber--einforced ~lastic, i ~.
~: ,.: : ~. . : ' 2 ~
ceramic, or of a composite material consi~ting o~
steel anG ~hite metal, steel and bro~ze, steel and aluminum ~lloy, hiGh-st~en~th aluminum alloy and al1im -num ~earing alloy, or a si~ilar mauerial.
Alternatively, the sliding layer may ~e jolned to the backin~ by means of an lnterlayer consisting of a po-ous metallic ~earing material whicn has been applied bv~ sintering, spraying or cathode s~uttering and pre~erz~1vY consists of bronze or an aluminum bearing alloy. The material of the sliding laye~ fills the void volume of the pores so ~hat the sliding layer is nrovided ove~ uhe layer consistin~ of ~the metallic bearing material.
AlternativelvY, the sliding layer may be adnesiveiy bonded to the ba~ing.
In accordance with a preferred feature of the invention the material for sliding layers may be so com?osed that the content of the novel polvvme~ linearly or exponentiall~,~ decreases from the slid~nb su~ce o the sli~ing 'ayer toward ~ ;~
the backing. In that case the con~ent of the novel nolv~er in the f;uorine-containing polvvmeric material ~ill amount to 8C ~o 9C ,-0 '~y ~ei~ht a' vhe âliding sur,ace and lC to -'C ,~ ~y ,~e _ht adj~cent ,o ,'ne ~ac~ir~
~ ccord~nce ~i~h a fu~ther featu-e of ~he in~e~ion -;he ~liding la~e. may ~e composed of a plurali~y of ir.dividual lav~e.s ~hich ~re ~oined to each other ~nd may have di fe-ent contents of the novel 2 ~ ? ~
~olym2..
ID the process of nroducing the material .'or s~ding su~f_ce bearings, a mix~ure of ,~ to 80 ~ by r~eight fluorine-con~aining polv~meric ma~erial and 5 to 5 'o ~y ~eight of a meval powder having a hi~h affinity to fluorine is applied to and rolled onto a backing and is heated to a temperature in excess of 290C, pre~er-ablvv 300 to 340 C, held at that temperature for 0.5 to ~.5 mlnutes, preferably for 1.0 to 2.0 minutes, and is thereafter continuously cooled to 100~ during a time of 0.5 tO 10 minutes, preferablv of 4 minutes.
~ he material for sliiing surface bear-ings may be continuously produced in that a bacKing strip is continuously coated or may be discontinuously produced in t~at separate backing sections are inaivi-dually coated.
The invention will now oe ex~lained ~ore in detail Nith reference to an illustr~tive embodi-ment and to dr~in~s, in which Fi~ure 1 is a diagrammatic .epresenta-tion of an qp~aratus for carrying out the process of producing the material for multilayer ~liding sur~ace bearings.
Figure 2 is a sect.onal -~i~ shcwing tne mave~ial for multilayer sliding su~~ace bea~ings.
- 2~;3~3f^
~ if~ure 3 is a ~ ew s~owinf~ on a larger scale a portion of ~if~lre 2.
~ strip 2 ~hich ha~ be~n coiled oo ~ .eel l consists of a backirlg steel st,ip 3 ~nd a porous rough ur.dercoat 4 of sintered lead bronze. The s~rip 2 is continuously unwound from the reel l and on the side provided Nith the rough undercoat i~ uniformly coated ~ith ~ powder mixture, which is supplied from a vessel 5 provided ~ith a stirrer and is composed of 6~//'~f by weight PV3F, 25-,~b by weight lead and 15^~ by weight M~FE. Ihe strip 2 is passed through a rollin~
mill stand 6~ in Nh~c~ ~e cpen ?ores of the rough ~undercoat 4 are filled with the po~-der mixture in such ~ manner that a sli~linf$ layer 7 is ?roviGed over the ?eaks of the rough undercoat 4. The coated strip 2 is ther. moved th-ou~fh the continuous furnace 8 and is heat~
ed therein to 320C for 1.5 minuteâ. ~s a result, the PVDF if relted in such a manner ~hal a matri~ is obtained, ~hich contains a fluorine-ccntalning polymeric material, :::
~hicn in an g-ray diffraction pat~e~n made by means of CuE~ radiation has an intensity ?eak at a ~ouble 3rag~ angle of 2~ = 18.07+0.03 and which has a melt,ing range from 320 to 35C C, as well c- l~ by ~eight mono-cllnic cr~stalline PV3~, 2~ by ~ei~ht amo~phous ~V3F, 2~'''ff by weight lead, 15~5 by ~ei~f~t ~T~, 3.5-,0 by ~eiSht lead fluoride and 3.5-.~ by ~ei~f~t 'ead o~yf'uoride.
~fter the s~ri~f has left the c~n._ruous Lurnace 8, the !
,f 2 ~ ~ 3~
matrix is recompacted and smoothened in a roilin~. m~11 -tand ~ ~nd in ~ con~inuoliC ~llrnace 10 ia subse.~uently conti~uousl~ cooled ~o a temper^ ~,u~e o` -^bout 100C
within 7 minutes. rhe resulting multilayer for sliding surface bearings is sized in the succeeding rolling mill s~d 11 and is subsequently wound up on the reel 12. ~he ~ultilayer strip of maverial for sliding sur-face be^-rings ma~ then be used to without difficulty and without a need fo- an afte ',rea~,~ent or subse~uent machin-in~ ~o make shells for sliding surface bearings, whick will ensure a s~oother and less noisy o~era'ivn of cra~kpins and mainshaft portions of crankshafts and o~ camshafts and mass-balancing shafts.
, , '' .
-`.
Claims (26)
1. A material for multilayer sliding surface bearings, which material comprises a monolayer or multi-layer backing and a sliding layer, which is joined to said backing and has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.20 mm, and comprises a matrix, which consists of a fluorine-containing polymeric material and in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight contains a finely dispersed metal powder, which has a high affinity to fluorine and has a particle size ? 40 µm, characterized in that 0.5 to 5.0% by weight metal fluoride and 0.5 to 5.0% by weight metal oxifluoride are contained as inclusions in the fluorine-containing polymeric mate-rial, which consists of 2.5 to 25% by weight monoclinic crystalline PVDF, 2.5 to 40% by weight amorphous PVDF
and of 10 to 90% by weight of a novel polymer, which in an X-ray diffraction pattern made by CuK.alpha. radiation exhi-bits a sharp intensity peak at a double Bragg angle of
and of 10 to 90% by weight of a novel polymer, which in an X-ray diffraction pattern made by CuK.alpha. radiation exhi-bits a sharp intensity peak at a double Bragg angle of
2 ? = 18.07?0.03 degrees and has a melting range of 320 to 350°C and is free of orthorombic crystalline PVDF.
2. A material according to claim 1, character-ized in that said material comprises a monolayer or multi-layer backing and a sliding layer, which is joined to said backing and has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.08 mm and comprises a matrix, which consists of a fluorine-containing polymeric material and in an amount of 30 to 40% by weight.
2. A material according to claim 1, character-ized in that said material comprises a monolayer or multi-layer backing and a sliding layer, which is joined to said backing and has a thickness of 0.05 to 0.08 mm and comprises a matrix, which consists of a fluorine-containing polymeric material and in an amount of 30 to 40% by weight.
3. A material according to claim 1, character-ized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix amounts to 15 to 50% by weight.
4. A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the powder having a high affinity to fluorine consists of lead, tin, zinc, indium, thal-lium, cadmium, bismuth, barium, copper, silver or alloys thereof, individually or in a combination.
5. A material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the matrix additionally contains 1 to 20% by weight, finely dispersed powder particles consisting of PTFE, MoS2, graphite, ZnS, BaSO4, stearates, individually or in combination, which powder particles have a particle size ? 40µm.
6. A material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the matrix additionally contains 1 to 10% by weight fibers.
7. A material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the sliding layer is bonded directly to the mechanically or chemically roughened surface of the backing, which consists of a single layer of steel, cast iron, bronze, aluminum, aluminum alloy, fiber-reinforced plastic, ceramic or of a multi-layer backing consisting of steel and white metal, steel and bronze, steel and aluminum alloy, high-strength aluminum alloy and aluminum bearing alloy, or a similar material.
8. A material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the sliding layer is joined to the backing by means of an interlayer consisting of a porous metallic bearing material which has been applied by sintering, spraying or cathode sputtering and consists of bronze or an aluminum bearing alloy, the material of the sliding layer fills the void volume of the pores so that the sliding layer is provided over the layer consisting of the metallic bearing material.
9. A material according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix increases linearly or exponentially from the sliding surface of the sliding layer toward the backing.
10. A material according to claim 9, character-ized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix amounts to 80 to 90% by weight at the sliding sur-face and to 10 to 20% by weight adjacent to the backing.
11. A material according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 10, characterized in that the sliding layer is composed of a plurality of individual layers, which are joined to each other.
12. A material according to claim 10, character-ized in that the individual layers have different contents of the novel polymer.
13. A process of producing the material accord-ing to claim l, 2, 3, 10 or 12, characterized in that a mixture of 30 to 80% by weight fluorine-containing poly-meric material and 5 to 50% by weight of a metal powder having a high affinity to fluorine is applied to and rol-led onto a backing and is heated to a temperature in excess of 290°C, held at that temperature for 0.5 to 3.5 minutes, and is thereafter continuously cooled to 100°C
during a time of 0.5 to 10 minutes.
during a time of 0.5 to 10 minutes.
14. A process according to claim 13, character-ized in that a cooling to a temperature of about 180°C
is succeeded by a continuous cooling to a temperature of 120 to 115°C at a rate of about 50°C/minute.
is succeeded by a continuous cooling to a temperature of 120 to 115°C at a rate of about 50°C/minute.
15. A material according to claim 4, character-ized in that the matrix additionally contains 5 to 15%
by weight, finely dispersed powder particles consisting of PTFE, MoS2, graphite, ZnS, BaSO4, stearates, indivi-dually or in combination, which powder particles have a particle size ? 40 µm.
by weight, finely dispersed powder particles consisting of PTFE, MoS2, graphite, ZnS, BaSO4, stearates, indivi-dually or in combination, which powder particles have a particle size ? 40 µm.
16. A material according to claim 4, character-ized in that the matrix additionally contains 1 to 10%
by weight carbon fibers or aramide fibers.
by weight carbon fibers or aramide fibers.
17. A material according to claim 4, character-ized in that the matrix additionally contains 1 to 10 by weight carbon fibers and aramide fibers.
18. A material according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the sliding layer is bonded directly to the mechanically or chemically roughened sur-face of the backing, which consists of a single layer of steel, cast iron, bronze, aluminum, aluminum alloy, fiber-reinforced plastic, ceramic or of a multi-layer backing consisting of steel and white metal, steel and bronze, steel and aluminum alloy, high-strength aluminum alloy and aluminum bearing alloy, or a similar material.
19. A material according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the sliding layer is joined to the backing by means of an interlayer consisting of a porous metallic bearing material which has been applied by sintering, spraying or cathode sputtering and consists of bronze or an aluminum bearing alloy.
The material of the sliding layer fills the void volume of the pores so that the sliding layer is provided over the layer consisting of the metallic bearing material.
The material of the sliding layer fills the void volume of the pores so that the sliding layer is provided over the layer consisting of the metallic bearing material.
20. A material according to claim 18, character-ized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix increases linearly or exponentially from the sliding sur-face of the sliding layer toward the backing.
21. A material according to claim 19, character-ized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix increases linearly or exponentially from the sliding sur-face of the sliding layer toward the backing.
22. A material according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the content of the novel polymer in the matrix amounts to 80 to 90% by weight at the sliding surface and to 10 to 20% by weight adjacent to the backing.
23. A material according to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that the sliding layer is composed of a plurality of individual layers, which are joined to each other.
24. A material according to claim 23, character-ized in that the individual layers have different contents of the novel polymer.
25. A process of producing the material accord-ing to claim 15, 16 or 17, characterized in that a mixture of 30 to 80% by weight fluorine-containing polymeric mate-rial and 5 to 50% by weight of a metal powder having a high affinity to fluorine is applied to and rolled onto a backing and is heated to a temperature in excess of 300 to 340°C, held at that temperature for 1.0 to 2.0 minutes, and is thereafter continuously cooled to 100 C
during a time of 4 minutes.
during a time of 4 minutes.
26. A process according to claim 25, character-ized in that a cooling to a temperature of about 180°C
is succeeded by a continuous cooling to a temperature of 120 to 115°C at a rate of about 50°C/minute.
is succeeded by a continuous cooling to a temperature of 120 to 115°C at a rate of about 50°C/minute.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3913893.3 | 1989-04-27 | ||
| DE3913893A DE3913893A1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1989-04-27 | MATERIAL FOR MULTI-LAYER SLIDING BEARINGS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2015116A1 true CA2015116A1 (en) | 1990-10-27 |
Family
ID=6379581
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002015116A Abandoned CA2015116A1 (en) | 1989-04-27 | 1990-04-23 | Material for multilayer sliding surface bearings |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0395130A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0368693A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900016485A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9001938A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2015116A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3913893A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103089845A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-08 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | separation system |
| US20160308070A1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | National Chiao Tung University | Semiconductor device |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0539585A4 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-09-01 | Takata Corporation | Surface-coated member |
| DE4310491A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-06 | Mahle Gmbh | Reciprocating piston of an internal combustion engine with at least partial tread reinforcement |
| DE4330565C1 (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1994-08-18 | Porsche Ag | Crankshaft bearing |
| DE19507045C2 (en) * | 1995-03-01 | 1998-10-15 | Glyco Metall Werke | Process for producing a composite material for plain bearings with a plastic sliding layer and a paste suitable for this |
| DE19524968A1 (en) * | 1995-07-08 | 1997-01-16 | Glyco Metall Werke | Plain bearing material and its use |
| DE19854746A1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-08 | Metallveredlung Gmbh & Co Kg | Composite industrial material comprises base material on which polymeric surface covering is applied in several layers of different properties |
| DE102006020795A1 (en) * | 2006-05-03 | 2007-11-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for applying a bearing surface onto a work piece using a prepared sheet material secured by adhesive |
| GB2496587A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2013-05-22 | Mahle Int Gmbh | A sliding bearing comprising three layers of material |
| DE102013216745B4 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-10-22 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Rolling bearing cage |
| JP6769775B2 (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2020-10-14 | Ntn株式会社 | Sliding members, rolling bearings and cages |
| DE102017107588A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-10-12 | Stefan Paul Girlich | Polymer compound for components with high wear resistance and low coefficient of friction and components produced therefrom |
| GB2569161B (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2020-08-12 | Mahle Int Gmbh | Sliding element for an engine comprising surface treated metal particulate |
| RU2764531C1 (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-01-18 | Василий Николаевич Корнопольцев | Method for producing a metal tape with a bronze layer with a corrugated surface for impregnation with a fluoroplastic paste |
| DE102022104980A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 | 2023-09-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | steering actuator |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5486041A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-07-09 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Bearing material |
| DE3027409A1 (en) * | 1980-07-19 | 1982-02-25 | Karl Schmidt Gmbh, 7107 Neckarsulm | COMPOSITE SLIDE BEARING MATERIAL |
| JPS60258297A (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-20 | Daido Metal Kogyo Kk | Sliding material having excellent abrasion resistance |
| GB8426637D0 (en) * | 1984-10-22 | 1984-11-28 | Ae Plc | Plain bearing |
| DE3534133A1 (en) * | 1985-09-25 | 1987-04-02 | Kolbenschmidt Ag | LOW-MAINTENANCE SLIDING BEARING MATERIAL |
-
1989
- 1989-04-27 DE DE3913893A patent/DE3913893A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-29 EP EP19900200764 patent/EP0395130A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-04-23 CA CA002015116A patent/CA2015116A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-26 JP JP2111585A patent/JPH0368693A/en active Pending
- 1990-04-26 BR BR909001938A patent/BR9001938A/en unknown
- 1990-04-26 KR KR1019900005900A patent/KR900016485A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103089845A (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-08 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | separation system |
| US20160308070A1 (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-20 | National Chiao Tung University | Semiconductor device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0368693A (en) | 1991-03-25 |
| EP0395130A3 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| KR900016485A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
| BR9001938A (en) | 1991-07-30 |
| DE3913893A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| EP0395130A2 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
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