CA2012295C

CA2012295C - Pyrrolidine derivatives

Info

Publication number: CA2012295C
Application number: CA002012295A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Peter Edward Cross; Alexander Roderick Mackenzie
Original assignee: Pfizer Corp SRL
Current assignee: Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd
Priority date: 1989-03-17
Filing date: 1990-03-15
Publication date: 1996-11-12
Anticipated expiration: 2010-03-15
Also published as: NL300191I1; NO2005008I1; DE122005000022I2; UA18263A; CN1045580A; KR900014367A; HU901580D0; EG18951A; GB8906166D0; AU5140290A; ATE96783T1; ZA901982B; CN1023007C; MY105527A; US5096890A; NO176316B; NO901241L; CZ280053B6; NO2005008I2; EP0388054A1

Abstract

Pyrrolidine muscarinic receptor antagonists, particularly useful in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, of the formula:- --- (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein Y is a direct link, -CH2-, -(CH2)2-, -CH2O- or -CH2S-;
R is -CN or -CONH2;
and R is a group of the formula:-, or "Het"

where X and X1 are each independently O or CH2;
m is 1, 2 or 3;
and "Het" is pyridyl, pyrazinyl or thienyl.

Description

20~2295 This invention relates to certain 3-substituted pyrrolidine derivatives. The compounds of the invention are muscarinic receptor antagonists which are selective for smooth muscle muscarinic sites over cardiac muscarinic sites and which do not have any significant antihistaminic activity. Thus the compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with altered motility and/or tone of smooth muscle which can, for example, be found in the gut, trachea and bladder. Such diseases include irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, urinary incontinence, oesophageal achalasia and chronic obstructive airways disease.
According to the invention there are provided compounds of the formula:-~ C
~ ~N~-CH2-y_R

and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, 2 2ol2295 wherein Y is a direct link, -CH2-, -(CH2)2-. -CH20- or -CH2S-;
R is -CN or -CONH2;
and R is a group of the formula:-~ 3 ~¢~(CH2) or "EIet"-where X and X are each independently O or CH2;
m is 1, 2 or 3; ~-and "Het" is pyridyl, pyrazinyl or thienyl.
R is preferably -CONH2. The compounds in which R is CN have some activity as muscarinic receptor antagonists but are mainly useful as synthetic intermediates.
m is preferably 1.
R is preferably ~Xl~
~ (&H2) or "Het"

where X, X , m and "Het" are as defined for formula (I).

R is more preferably:-~ or Y is preferably a direct link or -CH2-.
Y is most preferably -CH2-.
"Het" is preferably pyridyl.
The anticholinergic activity of the present compounds resides in both the 3R-forms and 3S-forms, i.e., the compounds having and S stereochemistry, respectively, at position 3 of the pyrrolidine ring, and of course in the 3R,S-(racemic) forms of the compounds (I). The 3S- forms are generally the most active.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include acid addition salts such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydrofluoride, sulphate or bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, besylate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate, lactate, maleate, mesylate, succinate and tartrate salts. For a more comprehensive list of pharmaceutically acceptable salts see, for example, the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 66, No. 1, January 1977, pages 1-19. These salts can be prepared conventionally, e.g. by mixing a solution of the free base and the acid in a suitable solvent, e.g. ethanol, and recovering the acid addition salt either as a precipitate, or by evaporation of the solution.

4 201229~
The compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by a number of routes, including the following:-Route A
This can be illustrated as follows:-~ 1 / C + Q-CH2-Y-R ~ Compounds (I) R ~ N-H

(II) (III) Y, R and R are as defined for formula (I~ and Q is a leaving group, e.g. Br, Cl, I, Cl-C4 alkanesulfonyloxy (e.g.
methanesulfonyloxy), benzenesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy (e.g.
p-toluenesulfonyloxy) or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy. Preferably, Q is Cl, Br, I or methanesulfonyloxy.
The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid acceptor such as sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, triethylamine or pyridine, and in a suitable organic solvent, e.g. acetonitrile, at up to the ref]ux temperature.
Reaction temperatures of 60-105C are usually desirable and it is generally convenient to carry out the reaction under reflux, although in some instances the reaction may proceed at a suitable rate at room temperature, Iodo is often a particularly suitable leaving group but since the starting materials (III) are sometimes most conveniently available as chlorides the reaction can also be carried out using the compound (III) as a chloride but in the presence of an iodide such as sodium or potassium iodide. In the preferred technique, the compounds (II) and (III) are refluxed together in acetonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. The product (I) can be isolated and purified conventionally.
The 3R,S-, 3R- or 3S- forms of the starting material (II) can be used so as to obtain the 3R,S-, 3R- or 3S- forms, respectively, of the product (I).
The starting materials of the formula (II) can be obtained by conventional procedures such as those described in the following Preparations. The starting materials of the formula (III) are in general known compounds which can be prepared by conventional techniques. The preparation of any novel starting materials of the formula (III) used in the Examples is however described in the following Preparations section.

Route B
The compounds of the formula (I) in which R is -CONH2 can also be prepared by the hydrolysis of the corresponding nitriles, e.g. using concentrated aqueous mineral acid (typically concentrated aqueous H2S04).
The hydrolysis is typically carried out using concentrated aqueous sulphuric acid, preferably 80-98% sulphuric acid and most preferably 95% H2S04, with heating at e.g. 70-110C. The product can then be isolated and purified by conventional procedures.

Route C
This route is useful for preparing compounds in which Y is -CH2- and R is 2- or 4-pyridyl or pyrazinyl and can be represented as follows:-R ~ ~ H + CU2=CH ~ ~ CH2CH2 (IIj C~
2 H ~ 3 , R ~ N-CH2CH2 ~ N

(II) R is as defined for formula (I). Clearly the vinyl group must be attached to the 2- or 4-position of the pyridine ring.
The reaction is typically carried out with heating, e.g. at about 60 to 110C and preferably under reflux, in a suitable organic solvent, e.g. dioxan. In some instances, the use of a basic (preferably a strong base which is soluble in an organic solvent such as N-benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide ["Triton B"]) or acidic (preferably a Cl-C4 alkanoic acid) catalyst may be beneficial.

r Route n Compounds of the formula (I) in which R is -CONH2 and Rl is a group of the formula:-,~

can be prepared by the reduction of the corresponding compounds ofthe formula (I) in which R is a group of the formula:-The reduction can be carried out conventionally, e.g., byhydrogenation or by using stannous chloride, tributyltin hydride or a trialkysilane (e.g. triethylsilane).
The preferred technique is catalytic hydrogenation, typically using H2/Pd/C at from about atmospheric pressure up to about 60 psi (413.6 kPa) in a suitable solvent, e.g. acetic acid.

Route E
This route, which prepares a compound of the formula (I) in which R is -CONH2, Y is -CH2- and R is 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl or indan-5-yl, involves the reduction of a compound of the formula:-P~C 500 ' `- 2ol229s ~ o ~ C ~ ,~ -- (IV) NH2-1cl N CH2- C - R
o where R is ~ or ~

where the dotted line represents an optional bond.
The reduction can be carried out similarly to Route D above.
When the dotted line represents a bond, the reduction will redùce both the carbonyl group and the double bond in the 2,3-position of the benzofuran-5-yl group.
The preferred technique is again catalytic hydrogenation (e.g. using H2/Pd/C) in a suitable solvent, e.g. acetic acid, and preferably under a hydrogen pressure of 40-60 psi (275.7 to 413.6 kPa). The starting materials (IV) can be prepared by conventional techniques such as those illustrated in Preparations 18 and 19.
The selectivity of the compounds as muscarinic receptor antagonists can be measured as follows.
Male guinea pigs are sacrificed and the ileum, trachea, bladder and right atrium are removed and suspended in physiological salt solution under a resting tension of 1 g at 32C
aerated with 95% 2 and 5~ C02. Contractions of the ileum, bladder and trachea are recorded using an isotonic (ileum) or isometric transducer (bladder and trachea). The frequency of contraction of the spontaneously beating right atrium is derived from isometrically recorded contractions.

Z01229s Dose-response curves to either acetylcholine (ileum) or carbachol (trachea, bladder and right atrium) are determined using a 1-5 minute contact time for each dose of agonist until the maximum response is achieved. The organ bath is drained and refilled with physiological salt solution containing the lowest dose of the test compound. The test compound is allowed to equilibrate with the tissue for 20 mioutes and the agonist dose-response curve is repeated until the maximum response is obtained. The organ bath is drained and refilled with physiological salt solution containing the second concentration of test compound and the above procedure is repeated. Typically four concentrations of the test compound are evaluated on each tis~ue.
The concentration of the test compound which causes a doubling of the agonist concentration to produce the original response is determined (PA2 value - Arunlakshana and Schild (1959), Brit. J. Pharmacol., 14, 48-58). Using the above analytical techniques, tissue selectivity for muscarinic receptor antagonists is determined.
Activity against agonist induced bronchoconstriction or gut or bladder contractility in comparison with changes in heart rate is determined in the anaesthetised dog. Oral activity is assessed in the conscious dog determining compound effects on, for example, heart rate, pupil diameter and gut motility.
Compound affinity for other cholinergic sites is assessed in the mouse after either intravenous or intraperitoneal administration. Thus, the dose which causes a doubling of pupil size is determined as well as the dose which inhibits the salivation and tremor responses to intravenous oxotremorine by 50%.

For administration to man in the curative or prophylactic treatment of diseases associated with the altered motility and/or tone of smooth muscle, such as irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, urinary incontinence, oesophageal achalasia and chronic obstructive airways disease, oral dosages of the compounds will generally be in the range of from 3.5 to 350 mg daily for an average adult patient (70 kg). Thus for a typical adult patient, individual tablets or capsules will typically contain from 1 to 250 mg of active compound, in a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier for administration singly or in multiple doses, once or several times a day. Dosages for intravenous administration will typically be within the range 0.35 to 35 mg per single dose as required. In practice the physician will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual patient and it will vary with the age, weight and response of the particular patient. The above dosages are exemplary of the average case but there can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.
For human use, the compounds of the formula (~) can be administered alone, but will generally be administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. For example, they may be administered orally in the form of tablets containing such excipients as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing PL~ 500 flavouring or colourlng agents. They may be ln~ected parenterally, for example, lntravenously, lntramuscularly or subcutaneously. For parenteral admlnlstratlon, they are best used ln the form of a sterlle aqueous solutlon whlch may contain other substances, for example, enough salts or glucose to make the solutlon lsotonlc wlth blood.
In a further aspect the lnventlon provldes a pharmaceutlcal composltlon comprlslng a compound of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutlcally acceptable salt thereof, together wlth a pharmaceutlcally acceptable dlluent or carrler.
The lnventlon also lncludes a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutlcally acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medlcament, partlcularly for use ln the treatment of lrrltable bowel syndrome.
The lnventlon further lncludes the use of a compound of the formula (I), or of a pharmaceutlcally acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medlcament for the treatment of dlseases assoclated wlth the altered motlllty and/or tone of smooth muscle, such as lrrltable bowel syndrome, dlvertlcular dlsease, urlnary lncontlnence, oesophageal achalasla and chronlc obstructlve alrways disease.
The lnventlon also extends to a commerclal package contalnlng a compound of the formula (I), together wlth lnstructlons for lts use ln the curatlve or prophylactlc treatment of the aforementloned allments.
The lnventlon yet further lncludes the novel ,C

-- lla 2012295 lntermedlates of the formula (II), partlcularly those ln the 3R,S-(racemlc) and 3S-forms, and the novel lntermedlates of the formula (IV).
The followlng Examples illustrate the lnventlon:

L

20~Z295 ~ XAMPLE 1 (A) Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine CONH

Ph ~ + ~ K2CO3 CONH

Ph ~ ~

A mixture containiDg 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.33 g - see Preparation 8), 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (0.25 g - see Preparation 13), anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.3 g) and acetonitrile (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane (50 ml) and 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (10 ml), the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 20 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to leave a gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 8%). The product-cont~;n;ng fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to leave an oil which was crystallised from diisopropyl ether to give the title compound as a colourless powder, yield 0.17 g, m.p. 131-132C.

13 201~229S
Analysis %:-Found: C,78.90; H,7.70; N,6.28;
Calculated for C28H30N202: C,78.84; H,7.90; N,6.57.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.50-7.20 (m, llH); 7.00 (s, lH); 6.90 ~d, lH); 6.70 (d, lH); 5.45-5.30 (brs, lH); 4.60-4.50 (t, 2H);

3.60-3.45 (m, lH); 3.25-3.15 (t, 2H); 3.05-2.50 (m, 8H); 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H) ppm.

(B) A similar procedure startiDg with 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (1.95 g - see Preparation lO(B)) gave 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-~2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine as a foam, yield 1.9 g, [ O~]D ~ 20.6 (c l.0, CH2C12).

(C) A similar procedure starting with 3-(R)-(+)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (2.8 g - see Preparation 11) gave 3-(R)-(+)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine as a ~oam, yield 1.7 g, ~~]D
+ 18.1 (c 1.0, CH2C12).

20~ZZ9S

(A) Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-r2-(indan-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine Ph H +Br CH3CN Ph A mixture cootaining 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.6 g - see Preparation 8), 5-(2-bromoethyl)-indane (0.49 g - see Preparation 14), anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.6 g) and acetonitrile (20 ml) was heated under reflux for 1.25 hours. The mixture was partitioned between 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (10 ml) and dichloromethane (50 ml), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 100 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give a gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 6%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated ~n vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield 0.29 g.

2ol229s Analysis %:-Found: C,80.59; H,7.99; N,6.11;
Calculated for C29H32N20.~ H20: C,80.33; H,7.67; N,6.46.

H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 8.00-7.70 (brs, lH); 7.50-7.20 (m, lOH);
7.15 (d, lH); 7.05 (s, lH); 6.95 (d, lH); 5.45-5.30 (brs, lH);
3.55-3.40 (m, lH); 3.00-2.60 (m, 12H); 2.60-2.40 (m, lH);
2.15-1.90 (m, 3H) ppm.

(B) A similar procedure starting with 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (0.64 g - see Preparation lO(B)) gave 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(indan-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine, yield 0.34 g, ~o~ ]D5 - 10.4 (c 1.0, CH2C12) .

Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)pyrrolidine Ph ~
Ph ~ + Cl ~ >

CONH2 ~ 3 Ph ~

'' ~>
r -A mixture containing 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.75 g - see Preparation 8), 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl chloride (0.51 g - commercially available), anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.75 g) and acetonitrile (30 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was partitioned between 10% aqueous potassium carbonate (20 ml) ~Dd dichloromethane (50 ml), the layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give a foam which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 10 %). Thè
product-cont~;ning fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield 0.5 g.

Analysis %:-Found: C,74.15; H,6.26; N,6.56;
Calculated for C26H26N23 1/4 H2 H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.45-7.20 (m, llH); 6.80-6.65 (m, 3H); 5.95 (s, 2H), 5.60-5.50 (brs, lH); 3.60-3.40 (m, 3H); 2.90-2.70 (m, 2H); 2.70-2.55 (m, lH); 2.50-2.40 (m, lH); 2.05-1.90 (m, 2H) ppm.

P~C 500 Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-r2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)ethy]~pyrrolidine > ~N~
Ph H +Br CH3CN Ph A mixture containing 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.3 g - see Preparation 8), 3,4-methylene-dioxyphenethyl bromide (0.247 g - see Preparation 16), anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.4 g) and acetonitrile (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 3 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water (6 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgSC4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a colourless foam which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 6%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to &ive the title compound as a colourless foam, yield 0.27 g.
' 20~2295 Analysis %:-... , . . _ Found: C,73.44; H,6.46; N,6.62;

Calculated for C27H28N2o3 l/3 CH2C12 C,73.69; H,6.48; N,6.29.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.80-7.60 (brs, lH); 7.50-7.15 (m, 10H);

6.75-6.60 (m, 3H); 5.95 (s, 2H); 5.45-5.35 (brs, lH); 3.55-3.40 (m, lH); 3.00-2.40 (m, 8H); 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-~2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine ~
_ _ _ _ _ p CONH2 Ph CONH2 p ~ NH ~ ~ dioxane Ph ~ N ~ N

A mixture containing 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (1.0 g - see Preparation 8), 2-vinylpyridine (0.5 g) and 1,4-dioxane (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 20 hours. On cooling to room temperature the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water (100 ml) then extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (2% up to 10%).
The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless foam, yield, _ .
0.31 g.

Analysis %:-Found: C,71.10; H,6.84; N,9.95;
Calculated for C25H27N30 H2o l/4 CH2C12 C,71.39; H,6.99; N,9.89.

H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 8.50 (d, lH), 7.60 (t, lH), 7.50-7.10 (m, 13H), 5.80-5.65 (brs, lH), 3.75-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.30-2.80 (m, 7H), 2.45-2.25 (brm, lH), 2.15-2.00 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-~2-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine Ph CONH2 ~G ~o Ph ZOlZ295 A mixture containing 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (0.3 g - see Preparation 8), 6-(2-bromoethyl)-1,4-benzodioxan (0.26 g - see Preparation 21), anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.4 g) and acetonitrile (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 3 hours. On cooling to room temperature, water (40 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give a foam which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 10%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in acuo to give the title compound as a colourless foam, yield, 0.21 g. `

Analysis ~:-Found: C,72.87; H,6.72; N,5.88;
Calculated for C28H30N2O3.H2 H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 7.50-7.20 (m, llH), 6.80-6.75 (d, lH), 6.70-6.60 (m, 2H), 5.45-5.35 (brs, lH), 4.25 (s, 4H), 3.60-3.45 (brs, lH), 3.00-2.60 (m, 8H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-[2-(benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine CONH

Ph Br Ph A mixture containing 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenyl-methyl)pyrrolidine (1.79 g - see Preparation lO(B)), 5-(2-bromoethyl)benzo~2,3-b]furan (1.2 g - see Preparation 17), anhydrous potassium carbonate (3 g~ and acetonitrile (30 ml) was heated under reflux for 30 minutes. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 ml) and 10~ aqueous potassium carbonate (30 ml), the layers were separated, and the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 ml). The combined ethyl acetate extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown gum which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (2%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield 1.4 g.

Analysis %:-Found: C,75.65; H,6.54; N,6.25;
Calculated for C28H28N2o2 lt4 CH2C12 C,75.44; H,6.33; N,6.28.

H-N.M.R. (d DMSO) ~ = 7.85 (d, lH), 7.45-6.90 (m, 15H), 6.80 (s, lH), 3.65-3.50 (m, lH), 3.35-3.20 (brm, lH), 2.90-2.75 (m, lH), 2.70-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.25 (m, 3H), 1.95-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.55-h.40 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl~pyrrolidine (Alternative to Example l(B)) P ~ N ~

H2, 10% P ~ , 40C

CONH

Ph p~N~

10% Palladium-on-carbon (10 mg) was added to a solution of 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(benzofuran-5-yl)-ethyl]pyrrolidine (0.1 g - see Example 7) in acetic acid (2 ml) and the mixture was hydrogenated at 40C and atmospheric pressure for 6 hours. The catalyst was filtered off and washed with water (20 ml). The combined filtrate and washings were transferred to a separating funnel, dichloromethane (20 ml) was added, and the mixture was basified by the addition of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give a colourless solid which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (4%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless glass, yield 0.048 g, which was characterised spectroscopically to be identical to the product of Example l(B).

H-N.M.R. (CDC13),~ = 7.50-7.20 (m, llH); 7.00 (s, lH); 6.90 (d, lH); 6.70 (d, lH); 5.45-5.30 (brs, lH); 4.60-4.50 (t, 2H);
3.60-3.45 (m, lH); 3.25-3.15 (t, 2H); 3.05-2.50 (m, 8H); 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-~2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethylpyrrolidine free base and hydrobromide (Alternative to Example l(B) and 8) CONH2 CONt 12 ¦~Ph ¦ Ph ~" Ph .-` Ph <~, I\~NI~ N~

~ P~/C

20~2Z95 A mixture of 3-(S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-~2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-oxoethyl]pyrrolidine hydrochloride (300 g - see Preparation 19), 5% PdtC (30 g) and acetic acid (3000 ml) was hydrogenated at 50 psi (344.7 kPa) and 90C for 7 hours.
The mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to produce an oil which was partitioned between methylene chloride (1500 ml) and water (1500 ml). The mixture was basified with aqueous NaOH (5N), filtered to remove insolubles and the layers separated.
Concentration of the organic phase in _acuo produced a crude oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with ethyl acetate containing methanol/0.880 NH40H (10:1) from 0% to 15%. The product-conta;ning fractions were combined and concentrated _ vacuo to produce a foam, yield 171 g, of the title compound in the free base form.
The purified free base (171 g) was dissolved in acetone (855 ml) and treated with 49% aqueous HBr (66 g). The resulting precipitate was filtered off and dried to produce the title compound, yield 99.5 g, m.p. 229C, ~C~]D5 -30.3 (c = 1.0, CH2C12 ) .

Analysis %:-Found: C,66.48; H,6.29; N,5.54;

Calculated for C28H31N202Br: C,66.27; H,6.61; N,5.52.

H-N.M.R. (CDCl ) ~ = 7.5-7.2 (m, lOH); 7.0 (s, lH); 6.9 (d, lH);
_ _ - 3 6.7 (d, lH); 6.1-5.4 (m, 2H); 4.6-4;5 (t, 2H); 4.0-2.7 (m, llH);

2.4-1.9 (m, 2H) ppm.

` _ 2012295 The following Preparations illustrate the preparation of certain of the starting materials used in the previous Examples.

Preparation 1 Preparation of 3-(R)-(-)-hydr~y~yL~olidine hydrochloride OH O

OH ~ ~ (catalys ~ OH

H02C~ 154C H .HCl rSee Chemistry Letters, 1986, 893.]

(2S,4R)-(-)-4-Hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (40 g -commercially available), anhydrous cyclohexanol (200 ml) and 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2 ml) were heated together at 154C for 4.5 hours at which point the mixture was homogeneous. On cooling to room temperature, saturated ethanolic hydrochloric acid (150 ml) was added and the resulting crystalline solid was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 ml). The solid was recrystallised from isopropanol to give the title compound as colourless crystals, yield 19.15 g, m.p. 104-108C, ~ ]D ~ 8.0 (c 3.45, CH30H)-20~ZZ95 26_H N.m.r. (d DMSO),~ = 10.00-8.60 (brs, 2H); 5.55-5.20 (brs, lH);

4.40-4.25 (brs, lH); 3.25-2.90 (m, 4H); 1.95-1.75 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 2 Preparation of l-tosyl-3-(R)-(-)-hydroxypyrrolidine H SO2Cl ~ OH

N .HCl ~ N
H pyridine Ts Para-toluenesulphonyl chloride (1.54 g) was added, in portions, to a solution of 3-(R)-(-)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine hydrochloride (1 g - see Preparation 1) in anhydrous pyridine (10 ml) at 0C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between dichloromethane (20 ml) and water (10 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 15 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were washed with 2M hydrochloric acid (2 x 15 ml) and 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 x 15 ml) then dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid which was recrystallised from ethanol to give the title compound as a colourless powder, yield 0.5 g, m.p. 108-112C, [~ ]D ~ 6.7 (C 1.0, CH2C12).

, 2 0 1 2 2 9 5 Analysis ~:-Found: C,54.69; H,6.23; N,5.78;
Calculated for CllH15N03S: C,54.77; H,6.27; N,5.80.

~ ~.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.80-7.70 (d, 2H); 7.40-7.30 (d, 2H);
4.45-4.35 (m, lH); 3.50-3.35 (m, 3H); 3.30-3.25 (m, lH); 2.45 (s, 3H); 2.05-1.80 (m, 2H); 1.75-1.70 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation 3 Preparation of l-tosyl-3-(S)-(-)-tosyloxypyrro]idine H OH ~ ~OTs ?

Ph3P, TsOMe I "DEAD", THF N
Ts Ts Methyl para-toluenesulphonate (54 g) was added in portions to a solution of l-tosyl-3-(R)-(-)-hydroxypyrrolidine (49 g - see Preparation 2) and tripher.ylphosphine (76 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (700 ml) at 0C. The mixture was cooled to -20C
and diethyl azodicarboxylate (58 g - "DEAD") was added, dropwise, over 30 minutes. ~uring this time, the temperature of the mixture was not allowed to rise above -10C. When the addition was complete the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a solid which was purified by column chromatography on silica r `~ 28 2012295 eluting with hexane containing dichloromethane (50%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was crystallised from l-propanol to give the title compound as a colourless solid, yield 56 g, m.p.
110C, [ ~ ] 5 - 5.2 (c 1.0, CH2C12).

Analysis %:-Found: C,54.62; H,5.46; N,3.14;
Calculated for C18H21N05S2: C,54.66; H,5.35; N,3.54.

H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.75-7.65 (m, 4H); 7.40-7.30 (m, 4H);

5.00-4.90 (m, lH); 3.55-3.35 (m, 3H); 3.30-3.20 (m, lH); 2.502(s, 3H); 2.45 (s, 3H); 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 4 Preparation of l-tosyl-3-(R)-(+)-tosyloxypyrrolidine H3C ~ S02Cl .HCl pyridine IN
Ts Para-toluenesulphonyl chloride (61.5 g) was added, in _ . _ portions, to a solution of 3-(R)-(-)-3-hydro~y~-yLLolidine hydrochloride (l9 g - see Preparation 1) in anhydrous pyridine (200 ml) at 0C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting solid partitioned between dichloromethane (300 ml) and water (200 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 100 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were washed with 2M hydrochloric acid (2 x 100 ml) and 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 x 100 ml) then dried (MgS04) and concentrated in acuo to give an oil. Trituration with ether gave a solid whi)ch_ was recrystallised from l-propanol to give the title compound as a colourless solid, yield 33.5 g, m.p. 111-112C, [C~]D + 5.3 (C 1.0, CH2C12).

Analysis %:-Found: C,54.29; H,5.39; N,3.59;
Calculated for C18H21N05S2: C,54.68; H,5.35; N,3.54.

H N.m.r. (CDC13),~ = 7.75-7.65 (m, 4H); 7.40-7.30 (m, 4H);
5.00-4.90 (m, lH); 3.55-3.35 (m, 3H); 3.30-3.20 (m, lH); 2.50 (s, 3H); 2.45 (s, 3H); 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 5 Preparation of l-tosyl-3-(R,S)-tosyloxypyrrolidine OH H3C- ~ S2Cl OTs NH pyridine Ts Para-toluenesulphonyl chloride (68.8 g) was added, in portions, to a solution of 3-(R,S)-hydroxypyrrolidine (15 g) in dry pyridine (200 ml) at 0C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16 hours. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to approximately half the original volume then partitioned between dichloromethane (500 ml) and water (300 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x lOQ ml). The combined dicbloromethane extracts were washed with 2M hydrochloric acid (100 ml) and 10~ aqueous sodium hydroxide (100 ml) then dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was crystallised from dichloromethane/ether to give the title compound as a microcrystalline powder, yield 28.3 g, m.p. 119-121C.

H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.75-7.65 (m, 4H); 7.40-7.30 (m, 4H); 4.95 (m, lH); 3.55-3.35 (m, 3H); 3.30-3.20 (m, lH); 2.50 (s, 3H); 2.45 (s, 3H); 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H) pp~.

20~2295 .

Preparation 6 (A) Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine CN
OTs Ph2CHCN ~ Ph ~

Ts NaH, toluene ~ - Ts Diphenylacetonitrile (17.1 g) was added to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (4 g of a 60~ suspension in mineral oil) iD anhydrous toluene (250 ml) and the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 hours. On cooling to room temperature, l-tosyl-3-(R,S)-tosyloxypyrrolidine (28 g - see Preparation 5) was added in portions and the mixture heated under reflux for 3 hours.
The mixture was diluted with toluene (150 ml), washed with 5~
aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 x 100 ml) and brine (150 ml) then dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid which was purified by trituration with methanol to give the title compound as a colourless microcrystalline powder, yield 18 g, m.p.
186-187C.

H N.m.r. (CDC13),~ = 7.75 (d, 2H); 7.50-7.25 (m, 12H); 3.60-3.30 (m, 4H); 3.10-3.00 (m, lH); 2.50 (s, 3H); 2.00-1.80 (m, 2H) ppm.

20~Z295 (~) A similar procedure starting with l-tosyl-3-(S)-(-)-tosyloxypyrrolidine (55 g - see Preparation 3) gave 3-(S)-(+)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine, yield 49.5 g, [O~ ]25 ~ 17.2 (c 1.0, CH2C12), m.p. 180-185 C.

(C) A similar procedure starting with l-tosyl-3-(R)-(+)-tosyloxypyrrolidine (33 g - see Preparation 4) gave 3-(R)-(-)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine, yield 19.7 g, m.p. 165-178C, [ o~]D5 - 17.0 (c 1.0, CH2C12).

Preparation 7 Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine CN
CN
Ph \ Ph Ph ~ HBr (aq) PhOH V

A solution of 3-(R,S)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine (21 g - see Preparation 6(A)) and phenol (21 g) in 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid (240 ml) was heated under reflux for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0C in an ice bath and basified (pH 12) by the slow addition of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide (280 ml). Methanol (10 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes then diluted with water (300 ml). The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (~ x 20p ml), the combined extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to ~ive an oil. The oil was dissolved in 1:1 hexane/toluene (500 ml) and washed with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (3 x 500 ml). The aqueous extracts, together with some oil which separated during the extraction, were basified (pH 12) by the addition of aqueous sodium hydroxide (12 g in 20 ml water) and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 150 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (G% up to 10%). The product-containing fr~ct;nn~ were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a oil, yield 10 g.

H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.55-7.25 (m, lOH); 5.45 (brs, lPl);

3.55-3.40 (m, lH); 3.35-3.10 (m, 2H); 3.05-2.90 (m, lH); 2.65-2.40 (m, lH); 2.10-2.00 (m, lH); 1.95-1.80 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation 8 Preparation of 3-(R,S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine CN
Ph ~ 95% H2S4 Ph Ph l H ~ Ph ~ NH

3-(R,S)-(l-Cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (30 g - see Preparation 7) was dissolved in 95% sulphuric acid (210 ml) and the mixture was heated, with stirring, at 85C for 9 hours and then at 100C for 30 minutes. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and poured onto ice (2 kg). The mixture was basified (pH 12) by addition, in portions with cooling in an ice bath, of a cold solution of sodium hydroxide (340 g) in water (500 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 300 ml) and the combined extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield 16.4 g.

?
H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.50-7.10 (m, lOH); 7.10-6.90 (brs, 0.5H);

5.90-5.30 (brm, 2.5H), 3.60-3.40 (m, lH); 3.30-3.00 (m, 3H);

2.95-2.60 (m, lH); 2.45-2.20 (m, lH); 2.05-1.85 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation 9 (A) Preparation of 3-(S)-(+)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-pyrrolidine CN
Ph I CN

l'h~ hOH ~NH

20~2295 A mixture containing 3-(S)-(+)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine (49 g - see Preparation 6(B)), 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid (500 ml) and phenol (50 g) was heated under reflux for 1.25 hours then allowed to cool to room temperature.
The mixture was extracted with ether (50 ml) to remove an upper layer of purple oil, then with 2:1 ether/hexane (150 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 100 ml), the dichloromethane extracts were combined, washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (3 x 50 ml), then dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. The original ether extract was concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml) and washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (3 x 50 ml). The dichloromethane solution was dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was combined with that obtained from the initial dichloromethane extraction. The combined oils were then dissolved in dichloromethane (200 ml) and washed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 x 50 ml). The dichloromethane solution was dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane containing methanol (0% up to 10%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield, 24.3 g, [O~ ]25 + 6.0 (c 1.0, CH2C12).

Analysis %:-Found: C,78.09; H,6.70; N,9.93;
H18N2.1/5 CH2C12: C,78.24; H,6.63; N 10 03 P~C 500 (B) A similar procedure starting with 3-(R)-(-)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-l-tosylpyrrolidine (19.5 g - see Preparation 6(C)), gave 3-(R)-(-)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine, yield 9.5 g, rcxc ]D - 9.8 (c 1.0, CH2C12).

Preparation 10 (A) Preparation of 3-(S)-(+)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate Ph CN CONH2 Ph ~ 95% H2504 ~h ~ H . HO OH

3-(S)-(+)-(l-Cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (24 g - see Preparation 9(A)) was dissolved in 95% sulphuric acid (210 ml) and the mixture was heated, with stirring, at 85~C for 4.5 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and poured onto ice (500 g). The mixture was basified (pH 12) by the addition, in portions with cooling in an ice bath, of a cold solution of sodium hydroxide (335 g) in water (500 ml). The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 200 m]) and the combined extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give the free base of Z0~2295 the title compound as a colourless foam, yield 8.5 g. A portion of the foam (5.5 g) was dissolved in ethar.ol (50 ml) and a solution of L-(f)-tartaric acid (3 g) in warm ethanol (30 ml) was added. The resulting solid was filtered off and recrystallised from methanol to give the title L-(+)-tartrate as colourless crystals, yield, 6 g, m.p. 180-185C, [o~ ] + 16.3 (c l.Q, H20) .

Analysis %:-Found: C,61.21; H,6.25; N,6.45;

Calculated for C18H20N2-C4H66 ?

H N.m.r. (d DMSO), ~ = 9.00-7.50 (brs, 4H); 7.40-7.10 (m, llH);

6.90-6.80 (brs, lH); 3.90 (s, 2H); 3.90-3.70 (m, lH); 3.50-3.35 (m, lH); 3.25-3.00 (m, lH); 2.75-2.60 (m, lH); 2.55-2.40 (m, 2H);

2.15-2.00 (m, lH); 1.40-1.30 (m, lH) ppm.

(B) Preparation of 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-pyrrolidine CO H

Ph ~ 2 Ph ~ NaOH ~
Ph ~ HO H ~ Ph ~ H
~02H

20~
_.
3~
3-(S)-(+)-(l-Carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate from part (A) (0.95 g) was dissolved in water (40 ml) and basified (pH 12) by the dropwise addition of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 50 ml), the extracts were combined, dried (Na2S04), and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless foam, yield 0.64 g.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.50-7.20 (m, llH); 6.35-6.20 (brs, lH);
5.90-5.75 (brs, lH); 3.55-3.45 (m, lH); 3.25-3.10 (m, 2H);
3.05-2.95 (m, lH); 2.95-2.85 (m, lH); 2.15-2.05 (m, lH); 1.90-1.80 (m, lH) ppm.

Preparation 11 Preparation of 3-(R)-(+?-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-pyrrolidine H ~NH > H~CH

3-(R)-(-)-(l-cyano-l,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (9.2 g -see Preparation 9(B)) was dissolved in 95% sulphuric acid (80 ml) and the mixture was heated at 80C for 4 hours and then at 90C
for 1 hour. Ice (1 kg) was added and the mixture was basified (pH
12) by the addition of a cold solution of sodium hydroxide (120 g) in water (100 ml). The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 100 ml) and the combined extracts were dried (MgS04) then concentrated in vacuo to give a foam which was purified by colùmn chromatography on alumina eluting with dichloromethane cont~ining methanol (0% up to 10%). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a foam, yield, 4.5 g, [ C~]D + 16.9 (c 1.0, CH2C12). ~

H N.m.r. (CDC13), ~ = 7.45-7.20 (m, lOH); 6.10-5.90 (brs, lH);
3.20-3.10 (m, lH); 3.05-2.95 (m, lH); 2.90-2.65 (m, 3H); 2.10-2.00 (m, lH); 1.95-1.75 (m, 2H) ppm.

`-- 201æ95 Freparation 12 Preparation of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran 2 ~ HO

THF

A solution of (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetic acid (4.9 g - see EP-A-132130) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was added dropwi~e over 10 minutes to a stirred suspension of lithium ? .
aluminium hydride (1.57 g) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) at 0C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. Water (1.5 ml) was cautiously added dropwise followed by 10~ aqueous sodium hydroxide (1.5 ml) and, finally, water (4.5 ml). The mixture was filtered aDd the inorganic salts washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 ml). The filtrate and washings were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an oil, yield 3.3 g.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.10 (s, lH); 7.00 (d, lH); 6.75 (m, lH);
4.65-4.55 (m, 2H); 3.90-3.75 (m, 2H); 3.30-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.90-2.80 (m, 2H); 1.85-1.75 (brs, lH) ppm.

Preparation 13 Preparation of 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran HO ~ ~ PBr Phosphorus tribromide (0.37 g) was added to a solution of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (0.6i2 g - see Preparatior. 12) in carbon tetrachloride (3 ml) and the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hours. On cooling to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between 10~ aqueous sodium carbonate (20 ml) and dichloromethane (20 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x ]0 ml). The combined dichlorometharle extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an oil which crystallised on standing, yield 0.584 g, m.p. 60-62C.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.10 (s, lH); 7.00-6.95 (d, lH); 6.80-6.70 (d, lH); 4.65-4.55 (t, 2H); 3.60-3.50 (t, 2H); 3.25-3.15 (t, 2H);
3.15-3.10 (t, 2H) ppm.

42 20~2295 Preparation 14 Preparation of 5-(2-bromoethyl)indane H0 ~ PBr3 Br Phosphorus tribromide (3.5 ml) was added, dropwise, to a solution of 5-(2-hydroxyethyl~indane (14.0 g) (FR-A-2139628) in carbon tetrachloride (100 ml). The mixture was stirred at ro~m temperature for 0.5 hour and then heated under reflux for 2 hours.
Ice (100 g) was added ar.d the mixture partitioned between dichloromethane and 10~ aqueous sodium carbonate. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 100 ml). The combined dichloromethane extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane. The product-c~ontaining fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless oil, yield 10.5 g.

43 2 ~ 1 2 2 9 S

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 7.30-7.00 (m, 3H); 3.60 (m, 2H); 3.20 (m, 2H); 3.00-2.85 (m, 4H); 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 15 3,4-Methylenedioxypbenethyl alcohol CHz ~

LiAlH4 ~ ~ 2 2 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylacetic acid (18.0 g) was added portionwise over 30 minutes to a stirred, ice-cooled suspension of lithium aluminium hydride (4.0 g) in ether (400 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours, quenched by the cautious addition of saturated aqueous ammonium ch]oride solution and filtered. The filtrate was washed with 10~ aqueous sodium carbonate solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated to give the title compound as a pale yellow oil (15.01 g, 90~), which was characterised by its H n.m.r. spectrum.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 6.69-6.83 (3H, m); 5.98 (2H, s); 3.82 (2H, dt, J = 7 and 6Hz); 2.81 (2H, t, J-= 7Hz) and 1.44 (lH, t, J =
6Hz, exchangeable with D20).

.

Preparation 16 3~4-Methylenedioxyphenethyl bromide ~_~
HOCH2CHzJ~ o/CH2 PBr3 BrCH2CH2 ~ o3 2 A solution of phosphorus tribromide (8.1 g) in carbon tetrachloride (50 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes to a stirred solution of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethyl alcohol (15.0 g) (see Preparation 15) in carbon tetrachloride (200 ml) and the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hours, washed sequentially with water (twice), SM aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and water, dried over magnesium sulphate and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatogrpahy on silica (100 g) using carbon tetrachloride as the eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and evaporated to give the title compound as a pale yellow oil (8.3 g, 40%), which was characterised by its H n.m.r. spectrum.

H N.m.r. (CDC13) ~ = 6.80 (lH, d, J = 8Hz), 6.75 (lH, s); 6.71 (lH, d, J = 8Hz); 6.00 (2H, s); 3.56 (2H, t, J = 7Hz) and 3.13 (2H, t, J = 7Hz).

20~2295 Preparation 17 Preparation of 5-(2-bromoethyl)benzo[2,3-b]furan Br NBS Br (PhC2)2' CC14 0 A mixture containing 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo- ~
[2,3-b]furan (3 g - see Preparation 13), freshly recrystallised N-bromosuccinimide (2.37 g), benzoyl peroxide (0.03 g) and carbon tetrachloride was heated under reflux for 2 hours. On cooling to room temperature, water (100 ml) and sodium metabisulphite (1 g) were added, the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgS04) and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which was purified by column chromatography on silica eluting with hexane containing toluene (5~). The product-containing fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an oil, yield 1.25 g.

H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 7.70 (d, lH), 7.55-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.15 . (d, lH), 6.80 (s, lH), 3.70-3.60 (t-, 2H), 3.35-3.25 (t, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 18 Preparation of 5-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran ~ ~CI3 aCOCH2CI ~a Chloroacetyl chloride (10.39 g) was dissolved in methylenè
chloride (25 ml) and the solution was added to a slurry of aluminium chloride (12.2 g) in methylene chloride (50 ml) at -15C. A solution of dihydrobenzofuran (10 g) in methylene chloride (25 ml) was added and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 20 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ice (700 g) and the aqueous layer was back-washed with methylene chloride (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (800 ml), dried with MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid (11 g) was heated in cyclohexane (110 ml) and the supernatant liquid decanted off and allowed to crystallise. Filtration produced the title compound as a white solid, yield 2.1 g, m.p. 85-87C.

Analysis %:-Found: C,60.75; H,4.67;
Calculated for CloHgC102: C,61.08; H,4.61.

H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 7.9 (s, lH); 7.8 (d, lH); 6.85 (d, lH); 4.7 (t, 2H); 4.65 (s, 2H); 3.3 (t, 2H) ppm.

Preparation 19 Preparation of 3-(S)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-2-oxoethyl]pyrrolidine hydrochloride Ph CONH2 ~,CI ~f ~

A mixture of 5-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (176.2 g -see Preparation 18), 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l,l-diphenylmethyl!-pyrrolidine (335.0 g - see Preparation lO(B)) and potassium carbonate (335 g) were stirred in industrial methylated spirits at room temperature for 18 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The oily solid was partitioned between methylene chloride (2,500 ml) and water (2,500 ml) and the organic phase was concentrated to an oil in acuo. The oil was dissolved in ethyl acetate (3,350 ml) and acidified with hydrochloric acid dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (180.6 ml at 24~ w/v). Filtration produced the title compound as a hygroscopic solid, yi-eld 467 g.
This material was used directly in Example 9 without further purification.

~ol 2~

Preparation 20 6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,4-benzodioxan 0~ CH2COH
LiAlH4 ~ ~ CH CH OH

This was prepared as described in Preparation 15 using (benzodioxan-6-yl)acetic acid instead of 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenylacetic acid. The title compound was obtained as a colourless oil (19.8 g, 92%), which was characterised by its H-n.m.r. spectrum.

H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 6.84 (lH, d, J = 8Hz); 6.77 (lH, d, J =
2Hz); 6.73 (lH, dd, J = 8 and 2Hz); 4.28 (4H, s); 3.59 (2H, t, J =
7Hz) and 3.08 (2H, t, J = 7Hz).

-Preparation 21 6-(2-Bromoethyl)-1,4-benzodioxan ~o~3 O CH2cH2Br This was prepared as described in Preparation 16 using ?
6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,4-benzodioxan (see Preparation 20) instead of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenethyl alcohol. The title compound was obtained as a pale yellow oil (21.4 g, 80%), which was characterised by its H-N.M.R. spectrum.

H-N.M.R. (CDC13) ~ = 6.83 (lH, d, J = 8Hz); 6.77 (lH, d, J =
2Hz); 6.72 (lH, dd, J = 8 and 2Hz); 4.28 (4H, s); 3.59 (2H, t, J =
7Hz) and 3.10 (2H, t, J = 7Hz).

The compounds of the Examples have all been found to have useful activity as selective muscarinic receptor antagonists without significant adverse toxicity.

Claims

1. A compound of the formula:

(I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a direct link, -CH2-, -(CH2)2-, -CH2O- or -CH2S-;
R is -CN or -CONH2;
and R1 is a group of the formula:- , or "Het"
where X and X1 are each independently O or CH2;
m is 1, 2 or 3;
and "Het" is pyridyl, pyrazinyl or thienyl.

2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is -CONH2.

3. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which R1 is a group of the formula or "Het", where X, X1, "Het" and m are as defined in claim 1.

4. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which R1 is a group of the formula:

or .

5. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which Y is a direct link or -CH2-.

6. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which Y is -CH2-.

7. A compound as claimed in claim 1 or 2 which is in the 3R,S-(racemic) or 3S-form.

8. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is -CONH2, R1 is a group of the formula:

or "Het", where X, X1, "Het" and m are as defined in claim 1, Y is a direct link or -CH2- and the compound is in the 3R,S-(racemic) or 3S-form.

9. A compound as claimed in claim 1 in which R is -CONH2, Y is -CH2-, R1 is a group of the formula:

which compound is the 3S-form.

10. 3-(R,S)-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11. A compound according to claim 10 in the form of the hydrobromide salt.

12. 3-(S)-(-)-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

13. A compound according to claim 12 in the form of the hydrobromide salt.

14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13, and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

15. A compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 for treating a disease associated with the altered motility and/or tone of smooth muscle.

16. A compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 for treating irritable bowel syndrome.

17. A compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 for treating urinary incontinence.

18. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease associated with the altered motility and/or tone of smooth muscle.

19. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating irritable bowel syndrome.

20. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for treating urinary incontinence.

21. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating a disease associated with the altered motility or tone of smooth muscle.

22. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating irritable bowel syndrome.

23. The use of a compound of the formula (I) as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13 or of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treating urinary incontinence.

24. A commercial package containing as active pharmaceutical ingredient a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13, together with instructions for the use thereof in treating a disease associated with the altered motility or tone of smooth muscle.

25. A commercial package containing as active pharmaceutical ingredient a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13, together with instructions for the use thereof in treating irritable bowel syndrome.

26. A commercial package containing as active pharmaceutical ingredient a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2 and 8 to 13, together with instructions for the use thereof in treating urinary incontinence.

27. A process for preparing a compound of the formula:

(I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is a direct link, -CH2-, -(CH2)2-, -CH2O- or -CH2S-; R is -CN or -CONH2; and R1 is a group of the formula:

, or "Het"

where X and X1 are each independently O or CH2; m is 1, 2 or 3; and "Het" is pyridyl, pyrazinyl or thienyl, characterized by one of the following steps:
(a) reacting a compound of the formula:

(II) where R is as defined for formula (I) with a compound of the formula:
Q-CH2-Y-R1 (III) wherein R1 and Y are as defined for formula (I) and Q is a leaving group;
(b) to prepare a compound of the formula (I) in which R
is -CONH2, hydrolyzing the corresponding compound of the formula (I) in which R is -CN;
(c) to prepare a compound of the formula (I) in which Y
is -CH2- and R1 is 2- or 4-pyridyl or pyrazinyl, reacting a compound of the formula (II) as defined in part (a) with 2-or 4-vinylpyridine or 2-vinylpyrazine;
(d) to prepare a compound of the formula (I) in which R
is -CONH2 and R1 is 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl, reducing the corresponding compound of the formula (I) in which R is -CONH2 and R1 is benzofuran-5-yl; and (e) to prepare a compound of the formula (I) in which R

is -CONH2, Y is -CH2 and R1 is 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl or indan-5-yl, reducing a compound of the formula:

(IV) where R1 is or where the dotted line represents an optional bond; said processes (a) to (d) being followed by, optionally, conversion of the product of the formula (I) into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

28. A process according to claim 27(a), characterized in that Q is Br, Cl, I, C1-C4 alkanesulfonyloxy, benzene-sulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy or trifluoromethane-sulfonyloxy, and in that it is carried out in the presence of an acid acceptor.

29. A process according to claim 28, characterized in that Q is Cl, Br, I or methanesulfonyloxy.

30. A process according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the acid acceptor is sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, triethylamine or pyridine.

31. A process according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that R is -CONH2, Y is -CH2- and R1 is a group of the formula:

32. A process according to claim 27(b), characterized in that the hydrolysis is carried out with concentrated sulfuric acid.

33. A process according to claim 27(d), characterized in that the reduction is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation.

34. A process according to claim 27(e), characterized in that the reduction is carried out by catalytic hydrogenation.

35. A process according to any one of claims 27, 28 and 32 to 34, characterized in that the pyrrolidine starting material is in the 3-(R,S)- or 3S-form.

36. A compound of the formula:

(II) in the 3S-form, where R is -CN or -CONH2.

37. A compound of the formula:

(IV) where R1 is or where the dotted line is an optional bond.