CA1336464C - Polyepoxide and polyphenylene ether-polyepoxide compositions useful in printed circuit board production - Google Patents

Abstract

Upstaged compositions are prepared by the reaction in the presence of a triarylphosphine catalyst between at least one bisphenol polyglycidyl ether, at least one epox-idized novolak and at least one brominated bisphenol. They may be used for the preparation of resinous blends with polyphenylene ethers, which, in combination with further components, may be used in the preparation of laminates useful as printed circuit boards and having excellent physical and electrical properties.

Description

1 336$64 POLYEPOXIDE AND POLYPHENYLENE ETHER-POLYEPOXIDE
COMPOSITIONS US~uL IN P~IN$ED CIRCUIT BOARD PRODUCTION

This invention relates to resinous compositions useful as dielectrics, and more particularly to polypheny-lene ether-polyepoxide compositions suitable for fabrication into printed circuit boards.
A number of polyphenylene ether-polyepoxide compositions having favorable dielectric properties, and supposedly being useful in circuit board manufacture, are known. However, for the most part these have not att~ine~
wide commercial use because of deficiencies in one or more properties. Thus, while the polyphenylene ether~ are excellent dielectrics and the properties of combinations thereof with polyepoxide~ are favorable in thiæ respect, they lack solvent resistance which i8 reguired in order for the circuit board to survive cleaning with such solvents as methylene chloride. Other deficiencies are found in areas ~uch as flammability, solderability and resistance to high temperatures. Moreover, times required for curing such compositions are typically too long for effective manufac-ture of circuit boards in large volume.
In addition to excellent dielectric properties, resinous compositions to be used for printed circuit board manufacture should be highly flame-retardant. A V-l rating, as determined by Underwriters Laboratories test procedure UL-94, is universally required with V-O usually being necessary. The V-O rating requires a flame-out time (FOT) of not more than 10 seconds in any trial and a cumulative EOT of not more than 50 seconds for five sample~. As a practical matter, a maximum cumulative FOT of 3S ~econds i8 often mandated by purchaserR.

The fabricated board should not lose substantial weight and its surface should not be appreciably marred by contact with methylene chloride. Solderability should be good, as evidenced by the lowest possible percent increase in thickness (Z-axis expansion) of the board when exposed to liquid solder at 288C. In addition to all these properties of the cured material, a relatively short curing time is highly desirable.
Commonly owned United States Patent 4,912,172, issued March 20, 1990, discloses polyphenylene ether-polyepoxide compositions which are curable by a zinc or aluminum salt of a diketone such as acetylacetone, optionally in the presence of a phenolic compound or basic nitrogen compound as a curing accelerator. While these compositions have excellent dielectric properties and solder and solvent resistance, there is room for ~
improvement in flame retardancy and curing time.
In Japanese Patent 58/69052, published October 1981, combinations of polyphenylene ethers with various types of polyepoxides are disclosed. The latter include epoxy novolak resins and polyglycidyl ethers of such compounds as bisphenol A and 3,5,3',5'-tetrabromobisphenol A. Curing of these compositions is achieved by contact with various known curing agents, including amines. The cured compositions, however, have been found to be seriously deficient in solvent resistance and, in certain cases, in solderability.
The present invention provides a series of resinous compositions which comprise polyepoxides and combinations thereof with polyphenylene ethers. The latter, when used to impregnate suitable fibrous reinforcing materials such as glass fiber cloth, furnish workable prepregs. Said compositions are readily soluble in organic solvents, facilitating impregnation. They may be combined with other RD-18~73 -ingredients to form rapidly curable materials which are highly solder resistant, solvent resistant and flame re-tardant, and which have excellent dielectric properties and dimensional stability at high temperatures. Therefore, the cured materials are excellent when employed as laminates for printed circuit boards.
In one of its aspects, the invention includes resinous compositions containing 15-20% chemically combined bromine and comprising the reaction product obtained by heating, in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one basic reagent, a mixture comprising:
(A) at least one halogen-free bisphenol polygly-cidyl ether having an average of at most one aliphatic hydroxy group per molecule;
lS (B) about 15-25% of at least one halogen-free epoxidized novolak; and (C) 25-35% of at least one bisphenol containing bromine as aryl substituents;
all percentages being by weight of total reagents A, B and C.
Reagent A in the compositions of this invention is at least one halogen-free bisphenol polyglycidyl ether. The most common compounds of this type are prepared by the reaction of bisphenols with epichlorohydrin. (By "bisphe-nol" as used herein is meant a compound containing twohydroxyphenyl groups attached to an aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic moiety, which may also contain aromatic sub-stituents.) Said compounds may be represented by the formula ~J - lc~73 -(I) CH2-C~CH2O-A -Y-A ~OCH2CHCH2O-A -Y-A~ OCH2CH-CH2 wherein n has an average value up to 1, each of Al and A2 is a monocyclic divalent aromatic radical and Y is a bridging radical in which one or two atoms separate Al from A2. The o-Al and A2-o bonds in formula I are usually in the meta or para positions of Al and A in relation to Y.
In formula I, the Al and A2 values may be unsub-stituted phenylene or substituted derivatives thereof,illustrative substituents (one or more) being alkyl, nitro, alkoxy and the like. Unsubstituted phenylene radicals are preferred. Each of A and A2 may, for example, be o- or m-phenylene and the other p-phenylene, but both are pre-lS ferably p-phenylene.
The bridging radical, Y, is one in which one or two atoms, preferably one, separate Al from A2. It is most often a hydrocarbon radical and particularly a saturated radical such as methylene, cyclohexylmethylene, ethylene, isopropylidene, neopentylidene, cyclohexylidene or cyclo-pentadecylidene, especially a gem-alkylene (alkylidene) radical and most preferably isopropylidene. Also included, however, are radicals which contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen; for example, carbonyl, oxy, thio, sulfoxy and sulfone.
The materials which are preferred as reagent A are commercially available reaction products of epichlorohydrin ~-~ and ~2,2)-bis(4-hydroxyphen(yl~propane (bisphenol A), including EPON 825 (n = 0) and EPO 828 (n = about 0.14), a~ailable from Shell Chemical Co.

~D-18~73 Reagent B is at least one halogen-free epoxidized novolak. Suitable novolaks for use as precursors therefor are known in the art and are typically prepared by the reaction of formaldehyde with a hydroxyaromatic compound such as phenol (which is often preferred), cresol or t-bu-tylphenol. The novolak then undergoes reaction with an epoxy reagent such as epichlorohydrin to produce the resin hseful as reagent B.
Various epoxidized novolaks are commercially available, and any of them may be used according to the invention. It is usually strongly preferred that the epoxidized novolak contain substantially no free phenolic hydrogen atoms.
Reagent C is at least one bisphenol containing lS bromine in the form of substituents on the aromatic rings,-usually a brominated derivative of bisphenol A. Its purpose according to the invention is principally to provide flame retardancy. 2,2-Bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane is preferred as reagent C because of its availability, rela-tively low cost and particular suitability for the purposesof the invention.
As previously mentioned, reagent B comprises about 15-25% and reagent C 25-35% of the compositions of this invention, with the balance being reagent A. Lower concen-trations of reagent B or reagent C cause an unacceptable decrease in solvent resistance and/or flame resistance. An increase in reagent C may yield an incompatible material.
The preferred proportion of reagent C is in the range of 28-32%.
According to the present invention, a mixture comprising reagents A, B and C is heated, most often at a temperature in the range of about 125-225C, preferably about 150-200C and most preferably about 160-190C, in the ~-18-73 I 3364~4 presence of a catalytic amount of at least one basic rea-gent. Said mixture preferably consists essentially of said reagents; that is, they are the only ones contributing to the novel and essential properties thereof.
The triarylphosphines, especially triphenylphos-phine, are the preferred basic reagents by reason of their effectiveness at low levels, low tendency to cause side reactions and harmlessness when they remain present after the reaction is complete. The proportion of catalyst is typically about 0.1-0.5% by weight. The reaction is pre-ferably conducted in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen, especially when a triarylphosphine is employed as catalyst.
An inert organic solvent having a boiling point no higher than about 125C, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, may be employed but usually provides no advantage at this point.
The structure of the resinous composition thus obtained is not fully known. It is believed to be an "upstaged" (i.e., partially cured) composition derived from the compounds of formula I, in which the brominated moieties form part of the molecular structure. The epoxidized novolak may also be chemically bound into the molecules of the upstaged composition in varying proportions.
The preparation of the upstaged compositions of this invention is illustrated by the following example.

Example 1 A mixture of 50 parts by weight of bisphenol A
diglycidyl ether, 30 parts of 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hy-droxyphenyl)propane, 20 parts of an epoxy novolak resin commercially available~from Ciba-Geigy under the gr-~Q
designation "EPN 1138'~ and 0.2 part of triphenylphosphine -~D-1~'73 was heated at 165C for one hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, with stlrring. The product was the desired upstaged com-position and contained 17.6% bromine.
For the preparation of compositions useful in the manufacture of printed circuit boards having the desired properties, the upstaged composition of this invention is combined with a polyphenylene ether. In particular, another aspect of the invention is resinous blends containing 5-10%
chemically combined bromine and comprising (I) about 35-60%
of the above-described upstaged composition and (II) about 40-65% of at least one polyphenylene ether, said percentages being by weight of total resinous components.
The polyphenylene ethers useful as component II in the blends of this invention comprise a plurality of struc-tural units having the formula Q ~ 3 (II) Q2 Ql In each of said units independently, each Ql is independ-ently halogen, primary or secondary lower alkyl (i.e., alkyl containing up to 7 carbon atoms), phenyl, haloalkyl, amino-alkyl, hydrocarbonoxy, or halohydrocarbonoxy wherein at least two carbon atoms separate the halogen and oxygen atoms; and each Q2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, pri-2S mary or secondary lowér alkyl, phenyl, haloalkyl, hydro-carbonoxy or halohydrocarbonoxy as defined for Ql. Examples of suitable primary lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, n-amyl, isoamyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-, 3- or 4-methylpentyl and the RD-18~73 - 1 3364~4 corresponding heptyl groups. Examples of secondary lower alkyl groups are isopropyl, sec-butyl and 3-pentyl. Prefer-ably, any alkyl radicals are straight chain rather than branched. Most often, each Ql is alkyl or phenyl, especial-ly C1 4 alkyl, and each Q2 is hydrogen. Suitable poly-phenylene ethers are disclosed in a large number of patents.
Both homopolymer and copolymer polyphenylene -éthers are included. Suitable homopolymers are those con-taining, for example, 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units. Suitable copolymers include random copolymers con-taining such units in combination with (for example) 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether units. Many suitable random copolymers, as well as homopolymers, are disclosed in the patent literature.
Also included are polyphenylene ethers cont~ining moieties which modify properties such as molecular weight, melt viscosity and/or impact strength. Such polymers are described in the patent literature and may be prepared by grafting onto the polyphenylene ether in known manner such non-hydroxy-containing vinyl monomers as acrylonitrile and vinylaromatic compounds (e.g., styrene), or such non-hy-droxy-containing polymers as polystyrenes and elastomers.
The product typically contains both grafted and ungrafted moieties. Other suitable polymers are the coupled polyphen-ylene ethers in which the coupling agent is reacted in knownmanner with the hydroxy groups of two polyphenylene ether chains to produce a higher molecular weight polymer contain-ing the reaction product of the hydroxy groups and the coupling agent. Illustrative coupling agents are low molecular weight polycarbonates, quinones, heterocycles and formals.
For the purposes of this invention, the polypheny-lene ether has a number average molecular weight within the RD~ 73 -range of about 3,000-40,000, preferably at least about 12,000 and most preferably at least about 15,000, and a weight average molecular weight within the range of about 20,000-80,000, as determined by gel permeation chromato-graphy. Its intrinsic viscosity is most often in the rangeof about 0.35-0.6 dl./g., as measured in chloroform at 25C.
The polyphenylene ethers are typically prepared by the oxidative coupling of at least one corresponding mono-hydroxyaromatic compound. Particularly useful and readily available monohydroxyaromatic compounds are 2,6-xylenol (wherein each Q is methyl and each Q2 is hydrogen), where-upon the polymer may be characterized as a poly(2,6-di-methyl-1,4-phenylene ether), and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (wherein each Ql and one Q is methyl and the other Q2 is hydrogen).
A variety of catalyst systems are known for the preparation of polyphenylene ethers by oxidative coupling.
There is no particular limitation as to catalyst choice and any of the known catalysts can be used. For the most part, they contain at least one heavy metal compound such as a copper, manganese or cobalt compound, usually in combination with various other materials.
A first class of preferred catalyst systems con-sists of those containing a copper compound. Such catalysts are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patents 3,306,874, 3,306,875, 3,914,266 and 4,028,341. They are usually com-binations of cuprous or cupric ions, halide (i.e., chloride, - bromide or iodide) ions and at least one amine.
Catalyst systems containing manganese compounds constitute a second preferred class. They are generally alkaline systems in which divalent manganese is combined with such anions as halide, alkoxide or phenoxide. Most often, the manganese is present as a complex with one or R3-1~'73 more complexing and/or chelating agents such as dialkyl-amines, alkanolamines, alkylenediamines, o-hydroxyaromatic aldehydes, o-hydroxyazo compounds, ~-hydroxyoximes (mono-meric and polymeric), o-hydroxyaryl oximes and ~-diketones.
Also useful are known cobalt-containing catalyst systems.
Suitable manganese and cobalt-containing catalyst systems for polyphenylene ether preparation are known in the art by reason of disclosure in numerous patents and publications.
Particularly useful polyphenylene ethers for the purposes of this invention are those which comprise mole-cules having at least one of the end groups of the formulas N(R2) Q ~ C(R )2 (III) -O ~ OH and Q2 Ql Ql Q2 Q2 Ql ~ Q Q ~

wherein Ql and Q2 are as previously defined; each Rl is independently hydrogen or alkyl, with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in both Rl radicals is 6 or less; and each R is independently hydrogen or a C1 6 pri-mary alkyl radical. Preferably, each Rl is hydrogen andeach R2 is alkyl, especially methyl or n-butyl.

Polymers containing the aminoalkyl-substituted end groups of formula III may be obtained by incorporating an appropriate primary or secondary monoamine as one of the constituents of the oxidative coupling reaction mixture, especially when a copper- or manganese-containing catalyst is used. Such amines, especially the dialkylamines and preferably di-n-butylamine and dimethylamine, frequently become chemically bound to the polyphenylene ether, most often by replacing one of the ~-hydrogen atoms on one or more Ql radicals. The principal site of reaction is the Q1 radical adjacent to the hydroxy group on the terminal unit of the polymer chain. During further processing and/or blending, the aminoalkyl-substituted end groups may undergo various reactions, probably involving a quinone methide-type intermediate of the formula Q2 C~R )2 (V~ ~0 ~0 Q Q

wherein Ql and Q2 and R1 are as previously defined, with numerous beneficial effects often including an increase impact strength and compatibilization with other blend components. Reference is made to United States Patents 4,054,553, 4,092,294, 4,477,649, 4,477,651 and 4,517,341.
Polymers with 4-hydroxybiphenyl end groups of formula IV are typically obtained from reaction mixtures in which a by-product diphenoquinone of the formula F~D-1&-73 Ql Q2 Q2 Ql (VI) 0 ~ ~ 0 Ql Q2 Q2 Ql is present, expecially in a copper-halide-secondary or tertiary amine system. In this regard, the disclosure of United States Patent 4,447,649 is again pertinent as are those of U.S. Patents 4,234,706 and 4,482,697. In mixtures of this type, the diphenoquinone is ultimately incorporated into the polymer in substantial proportions, largely as an end group.
In many polyphenylene ethers obtained under the above-described conditions, a substantial proportion of the polymer molecules, typically constituting as much as about 90% by weight of the polymer, contain end groups having one or frequently both of formulas III and IV. It should be understood, however, that other end groups may be present and that the invention in its broadest sense may not be dependent on the molecular structures of the polyphenylene ether end groups.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing that the polyphenylene ethers contem-plated for use in the present invention include all those presently known, irrespective of variations in structural units or ancillary chemical features.
In addition to the polyphenylene ether and the upstaged composition, the resinous blends of this invention preferably contain (III) an amount up to about 10% of at least one polyepoxy compound selected from those described hereinabove with reference to reagents A and B. Said ~D-lS~73 -polyepoxy compound acts to improve the solvent resistance of the cured compositions described hereinafter. The epoxi-dized novolaks (reagent B) are usually preferred by reason of their high solubility in the solvents ordinarily employed as described hereinafter. Resinous blends which do not contain component III are within the scope of the invention but are generally not preferred.
: The resinous blends of this invention contain about 35-60% of component I and about 40-65% of component II. When component III is present, it comprises up to about 10%. All ~f said percentages are based on the total resin-ous components in said blend. The preferred proportions are about 35-45% of component I, about 50-60% of component II
and about 4-8% of component III. The blends also contain 5-10%, preferably 6-9%, of chemically combined bromine ---supplied, at least in part, by component I. The foregoing percentages are exclusive of any solvent which may be present.
The principal utility of the upstaged compositions and resinous blends of this invention is in the preparation of cured resinous laminates useful in printed circuit boards. For this purpose, the resinous blends are combined with various other materials either during or after their preparation. Such other materials may include, for example, conventional catalysts and/or hardeners.
The resinous blends are particularly useful when dissolved in an inert organic solvent, generally an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, and used to impregnate glass cloth which can be formed into prepregs. Upon curing, said prepregs can be used to form copper-clad laminates useful for the manufacture of printed circuit boards which, as previously mentioned, are characterized by excellent dielectric properties, solderability, flame retardancy and resistance to high temperature conditions and solvents.
A particularly useful genus of curable compositions for this purpose, which is disclosed and claimed in commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 4,853,423, issued August 1, 1989, contains chemically combined bromine in an amount effective to impart flame retardancy and comprises about 25-50% of component I, about 35-55% of component II, preferably an amount up to about 10% of component III, and;
(IV) about 4-15% of at least one halogen-free novolak, substantially all oxygen therein being in the form of phenolic hydroxy groups;
(V) an amount of at least one of imidazoles and arylene polyamines to provide a total of at least 2 milli-equivalents of basic nitrogen per 100 parts of said curable composition;
(VI) about 0.1-1.0% of zinc in the form of a zinc salt which is soluble or stably dispersible in said curable composition; and (VII) about 1-4% of antimony pentoxide stably dispersed in said curable composition;
said curable composition being dissolved in an effective amount, typically to a solute concentration of about 30-60%, of an inert organic solvent;
all percentages being by weight and percentages of components I-VIII being based on the total of said components and any other resinous materials and brominated materials present.
Component IV is at least one novolak in which substantially all oxygen is in the form of phenolic hydroxy groups. Thus, it is similar in molecular structure to the previously described epoxidized novolak except that it has ~D-18'7~

not been epoxidized. t-Butylphenol-formaldehyde novolaks are often preferred.
Component V is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of imidazoles and arylene polyamines.
Any of such imidazoles and polyamines known in the art to be useful as curing agents for epoxy resins may be employed.
Particularly useful imidazoles are imidazole, 1,2-dimethyl-imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole and 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylimidazole. Commercially available imidazole-arylene polyamine mixtures are often preferred;
the especially preferred mixtures contain arylene polyamines with a high degree of alkyl substitution on the aromatic ring, typically at least 3 such substituents. The diethyl-methyl-substituted m- and p-phenylenediamines are generally the most preferred polyamines.
The amount of component V is selected to achieve rapid cure after solvent removal. This requires at least 2 and preferably at least 4.5 milliquivalents of basic nitro-gen per 100 parts of the curable composition, including any basic nitrogen present in the polyphenylene ether (mostly as end groups of formula III). Thus, when a polyphenylene -ether essentially free from basic nitrogen is employed the proportion of component V must be increased. (For the purpose of this invention, the equivalent weight of an imidazole is equal to its molecular weight and that of a diamine is half its molecular weight.) Component VI is chemically combined zinc, fur-nished in the form of a zinc salt which is soluble or stably dispersible in the curable composition. Zinc salts of diketones in which one carbon atom separates the carbonyl groups, especially zinc acetylacetonate, and zinc salts of fatty acids, especially zinc stearate, are examples of suitable forms of zinc for this purpose. In general, the fatty acid salts are preferred when component V contains alkylene polyamines, and diketone salts are preferred when component V is entirely imidazole.
Under certain conditions, zinc bis(acetylaceton-ate) can form a hydrate which readily loses acetylacetoneand becomes insoluble in the organic systems used for laminate preparation. Therefore, it may be necessary to take steps to maintain the zinc in stable dispersion.
One means for doing this is to subject the compo-sition to continuous agitation; however, this is generallynot practical. A better method is to form an alcoholate of the zinc acetylacetonate, as by reaction with methanol.
Said alcoholate loses alcohol rather than acetylacetone under similar conditions, remaining in solution or homoge-neous suspension.
Another method for maximizing homogeneity is to employ a zinc fatty acid salt. Still another method is to employ a titanium compound as a compatibilizer, as disclosed hereinafter.
Component VII is antimony pentoxide, which must also be maintained in stable dispersion. This may be done by agitation and/or combination with a suitable dispersing agent, of which many are known in the art.
One preferred dispersing agent is a polymer which is compatible with the resinous constituents of the curablecomposition but is substantially non-reactive under the conditions employed, typically a polyester. More powerful dispersing agents, such as amines, may be required when component VI is a fatty acid zinc salt, since such salts may otherwise form insoluble complexes with antimony pentoxide.
Also present, preferably, in the curable composi-tion is the above-described component III, in the amount of about 4-1S%.

RD~ 73 1 33646~

In the curable composition, component IV serves as a hardener and component V as a curing catalyst. Component VI has cocatalytic properties and accelerates curing; it also serves to improve solvent resistance and flame retar-dancy. Component VII functions as a synergist for thebromine to improve flame retardancy. If it is absent, the proportion of bromine compound required to provide V-O flame retardancy is much higher, typically about 12%, and the only way to avoid incompatibility of the bromine compound is to use more expensive bromine sources.
The broad ranges of proportions of bromine and components I-VII in the curable compositions are described hereinabove. The most preferred proportions are:
Bromine - 6-9%;
Component I - about 30-40%;
Component II - about 40-50%;
Component III - about 4.2-4.8%;
Component IV - about 4-8%;
Component V - about 5-10 milliequivalents of basic nitrogen;
Component VI - about 0.1-0.6% of zinc;
Component VII - about 1-3% of antimony pentoxide.
Other materials may also be present. These include inert, particulate fillers such as talc, clay, mica, silica, alumina and calcium carbonate. In addition, the bromine content of the curable composition may be supplied in part by materials such as alkyl tetrabromophthalates and/or epichlorohydrin reaction products with mixtures of bisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A. The alkyl tetra-bromophthalates also serve as plasticizers and flow improv-ers. Such materials as antioxidants, thermal and ultra-violet stabilizers, lubricants, anti-static agents, dyes and pigments may also be present.

~-i8473 A material whose presence in minor amount may improve the solvent resistance and compatibility of the curable composition is at least one aliphatic tris(dialkyl-phosphato)titanate. Suitable phosphato~itanates are known in the art and commercially available. They may be repre-sented by the formula R5 ~ ~ ~ O
(VII) (R30-R )2C-CH20Ti~o-~ O-P(OR )2 \ OH x wherein R3 is C2 6 primary or secondary alkyl or alkenyl and preferably alkenyl, R4 is Cl 3 alkylene and preferably methylene, R5 is Cl 5 primary or secondary alkyl, R6 is C5 12 primary or secondary alkyl and x is from O to about 3 and preferably O or 1. Most preferably, R3 is allyl, R5 is ethyl, R6 is octyl and x is 0. The phosphatotitanate is most often present in the amount of about 0.1-1.0 part by weight per 100 parts of the resinous composition.
The above-described curable compositions may be employed as varnishes for impregnation of fibrous substrates (woven or non-woven) such as glass, quartz, polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, cellulose, nylon or acrylic fibers, preferably glass. Upon removal of the solvent by evaporation, fibrous composite prepregs are obtained which may be cured by application of heat and pressure. As used herein, "prepreg" means a curable article comprising a substrate impregnated with an uncured or partially cured resinous material.
Typically, 2- to 20-ply prepreg laminates are compression molded at temperatures in the range of about 200-250C and under pressures on the order of 20-60 RD-lS-73 kg./cm. . Laminates clad with a conductive metal such as copper, useful for printed circuit board production, may be so prepared and cured by art-recognized methods. The metal cladding may then be conventionally patterned.
The preparation of compositions of this invention and curable compositions containing them is illustrated by the following examples. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
In Examples 2-9, the following ingredients were employed:

Component I - the product of Example 1.
Component II - a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) having a number average molecular weight of about 20,000, an intrinsic viscosity in chloroform lS at 25C of 0.40 dl./g. and a nitrogen content of about 960 ppm.
Component III - the bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and the "EPN 1138" of Example 1.
Component IV - a commercially available t-butyl-phenol novolak having an average molecular weight in the range of about 700-900.
Component V:
Imidazole-amine mixture - a mixture of 1,2-dimethylimidazole and isomers of diethyl-methylphenylenediamine, having an average equivalent weight of about 91.
Component VI - zinc acetylacetonate or zinc stearate.
Component VII:
~ T~
-~ APE 1540~- a commercially available colloidal dispersion comprising about 40% antimony pentoxide in a polyester resin derived predominantly from isophthalic acid.
ADP-480~- a commercially available colloidal dispersion comprising about 75% antimony -- 1 336$~4 pentoxide coated with an amine powder and dispersed in toluene.
Additional components:
DOTBP - dioctyl tetrabromophthalate.
Brominated epoxy - a product prepared by the reaction of a mixture of bisphenol A and 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane with epichlorohydrin, containing about 21%
bromine.
Phosphatotitanate - a commercially available compound of formula VII wherein R3 is allyl, R4 is methylene, R5 is ethyl, R6 is octyl and x is 0.
Examples 2-8 A series of curable varnish compositions was prepared by dissolution of the ingredients in toluene to a total solids concentration of 35-40%. The compositional data for said varnish compositions are given in Table I.
Except for phosphatotitanate and basic nitrogen, all units are percent by weight.

TABLE I ~ .
Example Component 1 29.38 37.09 32.3127.3326.81 35.65 36.46 Cam,onent 11 45.70 37.53 40.3445.5544.69 44.57 45.58 Component 111:
EPN 1138 ----- ----- 4.034.56 4.47 ll.45 4.56 Bisphenol A diglycldyl ether 5.44 7.21 ----- ----- ~----- ----- -----Component IV 5.01 4.26 8.074.56 4.47 8.92 9.12 Component V:
2-heptadecylImldazole0.87 0.70 ----- 0.73 0.72 ----- -----lmidazole-amlne mixture ----- ----- 0.56 ----- ----- 0.62 0.64 Component Vl:
Zinc bls~acetylacetonate~ 2.07 1.711.62 1.56 1.53 ----- -----I Zinc stearate ----- ----- 1.61 ----- ----- 1.78 1.82 Component Vll APE 1540 7.18 7.16 6.94 ----- ----- _____ _____ I ADP 480 ----- ----- ----- 3.97 3.90 4.01 1.82 DOTBP 4.35 4.34 4.522.63 ----- ----- -----Brominated epoxy __-__ _____ _____9.11 _____ _____ _____ Phospllatotitanate, parts/100 parts resinous ccm,onont 0.5n 0.4 0 400.47 0.46 0.45 0.46 Bromine 6.9 8.3: 7 577.80 7.50 6.26 6.20 Zlnc 0.5 0.4 0.570.39 0.38 0.18 0.19 Antimony pentoxlde 2.u 2.'l 2. 3.0 2.9 3.0 1.37 CS~
Baslc nltrogen, meq./100 parts 5.~ 4.~ 9.~ 5.5 5.4 9.9 10.1 r~
o~
~, ~D-18473 Swatches of electrical grade woven fiberglass cloth were dipped into the varnishes of Examples 2-7 and air dried at elevated temperature to remove solvent and yield composite prepregs. Copper-clad laminates were then pre-pared from l-oz. copper foil and 8 plies of the prepregs by compression molding for 5-10 minutes at 230C and 49.2 kg./cm. . Said laminates were evaluated for flame retard-:ancy in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories procedure UL-94. Those prepared from the compositions of Examples 6 and 7 were also evaluated according to various test proce-dures which form part of military specification MIL-P-13949.
The results are given in Table II.

TA~LE 11 Example Lam nate thlckness ~less copperl, mm. 1.42 1.40 1.501.56 1.52 1.57 Res n content, X
UL-~4:
FOT, total sec./5 samples 25 27~ 19 27 30 29 Ratlng V-O Y-O V-O V-O V-O V-O
Water ebsnrptlon ~24 hrs. soak at 23C , S ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.06 0.07 Flexural ~trength, MPa.:
Longltu~lnal ---- ---- ---- ---- 606.7 ----Cross-sectlonal ---- ---- ---- ~ ---- 379.2 ----Plexural modulus, GPa.:
Longltudlnal ---- ---- ---- ---- 22.1 ----Cross-sectlonal ---- ---- ---- ---- 19.3 ----lzod Impact strength, Joules/m.:
Longltudlnal ---- ---- ---- ---- N0* ----I Cross-sectlonal ---- ---- ---- ---- 671 ----Dlelectrlc constant at I MHz.:
Untreated ---- ---- ---- ---- 4.19 3.70 I After 24 hrs. In water at 23C ---- ---- ---- ---- 4.24 3.75 Dlsslpatlon factor at IMHZ.:
Untreated ---- ~--- ~~~~ ~~~~0-01l 0-13 -After 24 hrs. In water at Z3C ---- ---- ---- ---~0.012 0.16 Parallel dlelectrlc breakdown strength, kv.:
Short tIme Untreated ---- -~-- ---- ---- 76 ----After 48 hrs. In water at 50C ---- ---- ---- ---- 78 79 C~
Step by step Untreated ---- ---- ---- ---- 73 ---- ~' After 48 hrs. In water at 50C ---- ---- ---- ---- 64 72 Perpendlcular dlelectrlc breakdown strength, volts/mll:
Untreated ---- ---- ---- ---- 767 803 After 48 hrs. In water at 50C ---- ---- ---- ---- 783 ---Peel strength, hg./cm. ---- ____ ____ ____>1.4 ~1.4 ~
Methylene chlorlde reslstance, X absorbed ---- ---- ---- ---- o 1.44 w *No break.

-- ~ 336464 RD-18473 Example 9 A 75% solution in toluene of the upstaged composition of Example 1 was prepared and 640 parts thereof (component I) was combined with 2252 parts of hot toluene, 600 parts of component II, 60 parts of "EPN 1138" (component III), 120 parts of component IV, 10.2 parts of 2-hepta-decylimidazole (component V), 24 parts of zinc acetyl-acetonate (component VI), 42 parts of ADP-480 (component VII) and 6 parts of phosphatotitanate, to prepare a curable varnish containing 7.5% bromine, 0.45% zinc, 2.4% antimony pentoxide and 5.5 milliequivalents of basic nitrogen per 100 parts. Swatches of electrical grade woven fiberglass cloth were dipped into said varnish and air dried at elevated temperature to remove solvent and yield composite prepregs.
Copper-clad laminates were then prepared from 10 plies of the prepregs by compression molding for 10 minutes at -240C
and 18.1 kg./cm.2.
The laminates were subjected to physical testing in comparison with the following controls, based on the disclosure of the aforementioned Japanese Patent 58/69052.
Control A - identical to Example 9 except that an upstaged composition prepared from 66.7 parts of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and 33.3 parts of 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane was employed and the phosphatotitanate was omitted.
Control B - a curable composition was prepared from 600 parts of polyphenylene ether, 400 parts of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether, 73 parts of m-phenylenediamine, 1 part of triethylamine hydrochloride and 2252 parts of toluene; a 10- 2 ply laminate was molded at 200C and 28.1 kg./cm.
for one hour. The procedure was essentially that of Example 2 of the aforementioned Japanese Patent 58/69052.
The test result are given in Table III.

TABLE III
Invention Control A Control B
Glass transition 221 220 190 temperature, C
Methylene chloride 0 10 0 resistance, % absorbed appearance after methylene Good SevereSevere chloride immersion erosion Whitening Z-axis expansion, ~ 1.3 4.1 3.4 It is apparent that the upstaged compositions of this invention, when employed with phosphatotitanates, afford laminates with properties superior to those of laminates prepared according to the aforementioned Japanese Patent 58/69052.

Claims (14)

1. A resinous blend containing 5-10% chemically combined bromine and comprising (I) about 35-60% of a composition comprising the reaction product obtained by heating at a temperature in the range of about 125°-225°C., in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one basic reagent, a mixture comprising:
(A) at least one halogen-free bisphenol diglycidyl ether having an average of at most one aliphatic hydroxy group per molecule;
(8) about 15-25% of at least one halogen-free epoxidized novolak; and (C) 25-35% of at least one bisphenol containing bromine as aryl substituents; said percentages of B and C
being by weight of total reagents A, B and C, (II) about 40-65% of at least one polyphenylene ether, and (III) about 4-10% of at least one polyepoxy compound selected from the group consisting of halogen-free diglycidyl ethers having an average of at most one aliphatic hydroxy group per molecule and halogen-free epoxidized novolaks, said percentages of (I), (II) and (III) being by weight of total resinous components.

2. A blend according to claim 1 wherein component II is a poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether).

3. A blend according to claim 2 wherein component III is an epoxidized novolak and is present in the amount of about 4-8%.

4. A blend according to claim 3 wherein the polyphenylene ether has a number average molecular weight within the range of about 12,000-40,000.

5. A blend according to claim 4 wherein components I and II are present in the amounts of about 35-45% and about 50-60%, respectively.

6. A blend according to claim 5 which contains 6-9% of chemically combined bromine.

7. A blend according to claim 6 wherein reagent A has the formula wherein n has an average value up to 1.

8. A blend according to claim 7 wherein reagent B is prepared from formaldehyde, phenol and epichlorohydrin.

9. A blend according to claim 8 wherein reagent c is 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane.

10. A blend according to claim 7 wherein n is 0.

11. A blend according to claim 10 wherein the polyphenylene ether comprises molecules having end groups of the formula wherein each Q2 is independently hydrogen, halogen, primary or secondary lower alkyl, phenyl, haloalkyl, hydrocarbonoxy, or halohydrocarbonoxy wherein at least two carbon atoms separate the halogen and oxygen atoms/and each R2 is independently hydrogen or a C1-6 primary alkyl radical.

12. A blend according to claim 11 wherein each R2 is n-butyl.

13. A blend according to claim 3 in the form of a solution in an inert organic solvent.

14. A blend according to claim 13 wherein the solution is toluene.