CA1334842C - Systems to drill minerals etc... - Google Patents

Abstract

System for drilling minerals, rocks and others of that kind with the use of rotating disk- or slab-tools, therewith characterized , that the material to be drilled will be axcavated - as the case may be pre-cut / reliefed - chiefly in a frontal advance direction, but also radially from the inside to the outside - layerwise undercut and always breaking into the free space. In combination hereto a process-patent is demanded for a propulsive aggregate being autonomic by supporting itself on the pre-worked /
pre-cut excavating front - or rather being lead on it or through it and keeping this way a constant undercutting depth.

Description

13~8~2 Rocks, and particularly minerals, are normally obtained by drilling and blasting, with the known disadvantages.
Using the apparatus of the present invention, such materials can be obtained without the use of explosives and with an optimal severing effect, and removed layer by layer, preferably in a linear direction of advance. It has been shown that in the case of rock cutting by undercutting rock that breaks into open space, rock pressure assists in obtaining significantly coarser drilled material which, amongst other things, makes more rapid and rational drilling possible; in addition, the so-called bore-out widths or bore-out depths can be selected so as to be considerably greater depending on the material that is to be drilled, using comparatively lower contact pressure forces.
The apparatus of the invention can be used for the expansion of any profiles from the inside outward from an existing break-in or fore-bore - a round tunnel - to form vault-shaped profiles, or fore-bores to shafts.
Activation from the inside out means that disks or the like - with or without serrations can, on the one hand, be activated from the interior, e.g., by eccentrics, or else the whole drilling machine can be activated from outside, e.g., by eccentrics - or acted upon by unbalance-type hammers, and activated thereby. When this is done, the contact pressure forces that are required are only about 10% of those required for conventional drilling.
The self-controlled aggregate not only entails the advantage that it requires neither control electronics nor an ~. -133~842 operator to maintain the undercut depth but also that the material has been drilled out can be easily picked up, i.e., removed, behind the drilling machine.
In summary, the present invention provides an apparatus for cutting rock, minerals, and the like that incorporates a driven shaft on which is arranged at least one mounting, which supports at least one conical rolling drill on one side that removes the undercut rock layer by layer in the open space, characterized in that the rolling drill is connected with a guide element which spaces this from the face and which supports the rolling drill on the face during operation and determines the depth of the undercut.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of the drawings appended hereto, in which Fig. 1 is a sectional view of an excavation illustrating a rotating disk tool;
Fig. 2 is a different sectional view of the excavation of Fig. 1 illustrating the tool from another angle;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a plurality of cutting disks;
Fig. 4 illustrates a cutting tool for cutting in layers;
Fig. 5 is a detailed view of one of the cutting areas;
Fig. 6 illustrates the use of pre-drilled holes for drilling arch profiles; and Fig. 7 shows the arch profile obtained using the technique illustrated in Fig. 6.

13~842 Figure 1 shows one embodiment wherein 1 refers to the undercutting, removing and breaking disk-cutter tool, 2 is the motor-driven, rotating or oscillating arm of the drilling machine, 3 is the outline of the rock before undercutting, and 4 the outline after undercutting, with the arrow indicating the direction of advance.
In Figure 2, 7 refers to the disk cutter and 8 is a rotating or oscillating arm, 9 is the rock front before removal and 10 the rock front after removal, as in Figure 1, as viewed from another direction.
In Figure 3, 11 is a conventional advance apparatus and 12 is the drill head with a plurality of disk cutters which, in this embodiment, is motor-driven; in this, these are arranged in a line and only undercut/remove one stratum. The drill head can be activated as a whole, centrally, or the drills can be activated individually. According to the present invention, in this system, the specific application forces are unequalled, and thus more advantageous than with a disk of the diameter of the cutting height. In Figure 4, 13 indicates the disk drill tools that are undercutting and rotating, optionally hammering and/or drilling/hammering tools; 14 indicates the mountings for these, and 15 is the motor-driven shaft. The tools 13 that are stepped so as to cut off in the direction of advan~e have mountings that are of unequal length which are spaced evenly on the shaft 15.
Figure 5 shows the removal front or direction 16 in a stratum, as viewed from above. In this, which is one of a number of possible G~ ,, 133484~

embodiments, 17 indicates the traction system, which is a hydraulic ram with a cylinder that is installed in the top wall or floor, 18 is a skid, which can also be replaced by wheels or rollers, or which can be pressed down and locked into position from one stroke to another, this being done with a separate disk/advance/traverse system. 19 indicates the pressure system that is supported so as to be able to pivot on the hydraulic ram -see arrow 20. 21 is a motor-driven disk-like cutter drill and 21a indicates a similar tool working in a second stage. The slight angling that is shown reduces wear. The system explained above can, of course, be used to remove horizontal strata, e.g., for the layer by layer removal of road surfaces.
Figures 6 and 7 show how, using the present invention for undercut removal, it is possible to widen pre-drilled holes radially from the inside out and, especially, to do this in order to bore vaulted profiles.
In Figure 6, 29 is the retaining and rotating apparatus in a fore-bore, 30 is a version of a rolling or hammering disk cutter as well as a conventional undercutting disk cutter, 31 is the outline of the rock before undercut removal, 32 is the extensible, slowly rotating hydraulic cylinder that is driven through 29 and held from cut to cut without advancing, when widening a fore-bore.
Figure 7 shows a system for the subsequent drilling out or widening of a circular tunnel bore to arrive at a vaulted profile. 33 is a powered optionally activated drill head with 3n 133~842 three disk cutters. 34 is a single activated rolling drill that can, amongst other things, drill on the spot, which can thus drill out the corners to form a vaulted profile.

Claims (3)

1. An apparatus for cutting rock, minerals, and the like that incorporates a driven shaft on which is arranged at least one mounting, which supports at least one conical rolling drill on one side that removes the undercut rock layer by layer in the open space, characterized in that the rolling drill is connected with a guide element which spaces this from the face and which supports the rolling drill on the face during operation and determines the depth of the undercut.

2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of rolling drills are arranged in several steps.

3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the rolling drills have a hammering effect superimposed on them.