CA1333263C - Liquid package for pressurized contents - Google Patents
Liquid package for pressurized contentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1333263C CA1333263C CA000611076A CA611076A CA1333263C CA 1333263 C CA1333263 C CA 1333263C CA 000611076 A CA000611076 A CA 000611076A CA 611076 A CA611076 A CA 611076A CA 1333263 C CA1333263 C CA 1333263C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- packages
- package
- top surface
- plane
- radius
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
- B65D3/22—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines with double walls; with walls incorporating air-chambers; with walls made of laminated material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D3/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines
- B65D3/02—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by shape
- B65D3/06—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies or peripheral walls of curved or partially-curved cross-section made by winding or bending paper without folding along defined lines characterised by shape essentially conical or frusto-conical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/62—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for stacks of articles; for special arrangements of groups of articles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
- Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention realates to a liquid package for pressurized contents manufactured from thin metal foil laminated with plasic material and in the shape of a truncated cone where the ratio of the bottom radius R of the cone to the top radius r of the cone is r ? 0.4 R.
Description
A LIQUID PACKAGE FOR PRESSURIZED CONTENTS
The present invention relates to a liquid package for pressurized contents.
A demand has existed for a long time for inexpensive and ecologically beneficialpackages for pressurized, carbonated beverages. The packages found on the market to-5 day are glass bottles, aluminium cans and plastic bottles. Each of these has someadvantages and disadvantages.
Glass has good properties permitting a gas-tight package which withstands the inner pressure the contents exercise on the package and which does not affect the taste of the liquid contents. Glass bottles can be cleaned and refilled or crushed when 10 the raw material is to be used anew for bottle manufacture. To wash and refill may be considered advantageous but the washing process entails undesirable expense and an appreciable consumption of energy. Conventional glass bottles, moreover, are heavy and require a large volume in transport. The weight makes them also less attractive for the consumer.
The aluminium cans discussed in recent times, are also eminently suitable for recycling. The main disadvantage of aluminium as packing material, however, is the expensive and energy-demanding manufacture of aluminium, which also tends to become more expensive still with rising energy prices. A further disadvantage of this type of packages is that their inside are varnished and that this varnish contains 20 solvents which negatively affect the taste of the liquid. Furthermore, empty packages which are transproted to the brewery cannot be stacked into one another, so that the transport becomes inefficient and expensive.
Plastic bottles which are also encountered on the market for carbonated beverages are expensive. The plastic raw material may be reused, however, for another 25 manufacture, such as e.g. insulating padding in clothing.
For a development of a wholly new packaging for pressurized contents all the abovementioned aspects have to be weighed up carefully. The packaging should be inexpensive and the manu-133;~2fi3 facture should not be too energy-demanding or require an expensive raw material. The package should be recoverable. Moreover, it should be light from a point of view of the consumer and of transport and, in particular, it should be stackable for a more efficient transport in empty state. The packing material should protect the product and it should 5 not affect its taste and quality. The material also should be gas-tight and withstand the internal pressure which the liquid exercises on the package.
It is an object of the present invention to make possible the manufacture of a cheaper and ecologically more beneficial package for pressurized contents which possesses the properties enumerated above.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a package where the contents are in contact with a thermoplastic material which, differently from varnish, does not affect the quality of the liquid contents and in which the liquid is protected from light, which also contributes to the retention of the quality and taste of the liquid contents.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the package with a characteristic and attractive appearance in a form which contributes to a good utilization of volume during distribution.
These and other objects have been achieved in accordance with the invention in that a liquid package of the type described in the introduction has been given the 20 characteristic that the package is in the shape of a truncated cone where therelationship between top radius and bottom radius can be expressed by the formula r 0.4R, where r designates the radius of the top surface and R designates the radius of the bottom surface.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached 25 drawings wherein Fig. 1 shows the packages as whole Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the top radius and the bottom radius Fig. 3 shows a conceivable packing pattern as a distribution 133~Zfi3 unit.
As is evident from Fig. 1 the package 1 in accordance with the present inventionis in the shape of a truncated cone, with a shell surface 2 manufactured from a thin metal foil, e.g. thin sheet steel, laminated at least on one side with a thermoplastic 5 material. The metal foil has good gas-tightness properties. The thermoplastic material is chosen so that it has good welding characteristics. Moreover, it should have good adhesion capacity to metal and it should be ecologically beneficial. If a choice is made to manufacture the shell surface 2 of thin sheet steel, it is possible already from the start to make use in the manufacture of recycled scrap and thus make the manufacture 10 less expensive. The sheet steel too may possibly be recovered.
The stamped out sheet is rolled round to a cone and the thermoplastic material on its surface is welded with overlap to a longitudinal joint 3. The joint 3 coincides with a generatrix on the truncated cone.
The package 1 is provided with bottom 4 and top 5. The bottom 4, which may 15 be manufactured of thermoplastics or sheet metal, may be wholly closed or it may comprise an opening device. The bottom 4 should be designed so that it can withstand the pressure from the enclosed liquid. If it is chosen to make the bottom 4 of sheet metal it should be covered at least on one side by means of lamination with, or application of, a thermoplastic material and be welded together with the thermoplastic 20 layer of the shell surface 2 by heating.
To the top 5 or bottom 4 an opening device 6 is fitted in a tight manner which on opening of the package 1 is intended to be torn off so that the enclosed liquid becomes accessible for consumption.
The truncated cone is characterized by the relationship between the radii of its25 top and bottom surfaces which can be expressed by the formula r = ~2 - 1 ) R, which corresponds to ~ 0.4R, where R designates the radius of the top surface 7 and R the radius of the bottom surface 8, which is illustrated in Fig. 2.
133:~2fi3 The bottom radius is chosen so that it fits the module used in the handling of distribution and transport. The top radius then can be calculated according to the aforementioned formula r = ~2 -1 )R. The height of the package, and with it also the cone angle, is determined by the volume, bearing in mind the product volume, head 5 space, that is to say splash space, and bottom and top design. The height, and the cone angle connected therewith, are limited by practical considerations in respect of the ease of handling and the desire that the packages should make the best possible use of the distribution units. The enclosed volume is calculated by the formula Ir H R2(3 - v'2) 3 where H represents the height and R the radius of the bottom area 8.
Fig.3 shows a distribution unit 9 comprising 13 off packages 1,10. With different package dimensions, of course, a great number of other packing patterns may exist taking into consideration the transport and distribution modules.
Fig.3 demonstrates also that if a package 10 with an aforementioned relationshipbetween the radii of top and bottom surfaces is positioned upside down, that is to say reversed between 4 adjoining packages 1 positioned the right way up, the reversed package 10 will rest on its top surface 7, that is to say wholly on a level with the bottom surfaces 8 of the four packages 1 which are positioned the right way up. At 20 the same time a tangential touch is obtained along four whole generatrices on the shell surface 2 of the reversed package 10 and one whole generatix on each shell surface 2 of the four packages 1 which are positioned the right way up. Thus a good utilization is obtained of the space which the packages 1 occupy in their distribution unit 9. The packing pattern is held together e.g. by being shrink-wrapped or enclosed, in some 25 form, by the distribution unit. To hold the units 9 together the space can be utilized better, moreover, by turning every other unit 9 upside down. The units 9 can also be stacked in vertical direction, since their surfaces are wholly plane and the internal pressure of the packages 1 imparts to them great strength and endurance against the effect of external pressure.
133~2fi3 As is evident from the above description, a liquid package is provided by the present invention which complies with the demands regarding gas tightness and strength for carbonated beverages and which is cheaper than the liquid packages for pressurized contents on the market at present. The liquid packages in accordance with the present 5 invention, moreover, are ecologically more beneficial, since they can be manufactured mainly from recycled material which can be recovered again. The manufacture, moreover, is not as energy-demanding as e.g. that of aluminium cans. By means of the present invention, moreover, a package is obtained which in an improved manner preserves the quality and taste of the enclosed beverage, as the enclosed beverage is in 10 contact with a thermoplastic material and as it is protected against light by the metal foil .
The present invention relates to a liquid package for pressurized contents.
A demand has existed for a long time for inexpensive and ecologically beneficialpackages for pressurized, carbonated beverages. The packages found on the market to-5 day are glass bottles, aluminium cans and plastic bottles. Each of these has someadvantages and disadvantages.
Glass has good properties permitting a gas-tight package which withstands the inner pressure the contents exercise on the package and which does not affect the taste of the liquid contents. Glass bottles can be cleaned and refilled or crushed when 10 the raw material is to be used anew for bottle manufacture. To wash and refill may be considered advantageous but the washing process entails undesirable expense and an appreciable consumption of energy. Conventional glass bottles, moreover, are heavy and require a large volume in transport. The weight makes them also less attractive for the consumer.
The aluminium cans discussed in recent times, are also eminently suitable for recycling. The main disadvantage of aluminium as packing material, however, is the expensive and energy-demanding manufacture of aluminium, which also tends to become more expensive still with rising energy prices. A further disadvantage of this type of packages is that their inside are varnished and that this varnish contains 20 solvents which negatively affect the taste of the liquid. Furthermore, empty packages which are transproted to the brewery cannot be stacked into one another, so that the transport becomes inefficient and expensive.
Plastic bottles which are also encountered on the market for carbonated beverages are expensive. The plastic raw material may be reused, however, for another 25 manufacture, such as e.g. insulating padding in clothing.
For a development of a wholly new packaging for pressurized contents all the abovementioned aspects have to be weighed up carefully. The packaging should be inexpensive and the manu-133;~2fi3 facture should not be too energy-demanding or require an expensive raw material. The package should be recoverable. Moreover, it should be light from a point of view of the consumer and of transport and, in particular, it should be stackable for a more efficient transport in empty state. The packing material should protect the product and it should 5 not affect its taste and quality. The material also should be gas-tight and withstand the internal pressure which the liquid exercises on the package.
It is an object of the present invention to make possible the manufacture of a cheaper and ecologically more beneficial package for pressurized contents which possesses the properties enumerated above.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a package where the contents are in contact with a thermoplastic material which, differently from varnish, does not affect the quality of the liquid contents and in which the liquid is protected from light, which also contributes to the retention of the quality and taste of the liquid contents.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the package with a characteristic and attractive appearance in a form which contributes to a good utilization of volume during distribution.
These and other objects have been achieved in accordance with the invention in that a liquid package of the type described in the introduction has been given the 20 characteristic that the package is in the shape of a truncated cone where therelationship between top radius and bottom radius can be expressed by the formula r 0.4R, where r designates the radius of the top surface and R designates the radius of the bottom surface.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached 25 drawings wherein Fig. 1 shows the packages as whole Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the top radius and the bottom radius Fig. 3 shows a conceivable packing pattern as a distribution 133~Zfi3 unit.
As is evident from Fig. 1 the package 1 in accordance with the present inventionis in the shape of a truncated cone, with a shell surface 2 manufactured from a thin metal foil, e.g. thin sheet steel, laminated at least on one side with a thermoplastic 5 material. The metal foil has good gas-tightness properties. The thermoplastic material is chosen so that it has good welding characteristics. Moreover, it should have good adhesion capacity to metal and it should be ecologically beneficial. If a choice is made to manufacture the shell surface 2 of thin sheet steel, it is possible already from the start to make use in the manufacture of recycled scrap and thus make the manufacture 10 less expensive. The sheet steel too may possibly be recovered.
The stamped out sheet is rolled round to a cone and the thermoplastic material on its surface is welded with overlap to a longitudinal joint 3. The joint 3 coincides with a generatrix on the truncated cone.
The package 1 is provided with bottom 4 and top 5. The bottom 4, which may 15 be manufactured of thermoplastics or sheet metal, may be wholly closed or it may comprise an opening device. The bottom 4 should be designed so that it can withstand the pressure from the enclosed liquid. If it is chosen to make the bottom 4 of sheet metal it should be covered at least on one side by means of lamination with, or application of, a thermoplastic material and be welded together with the thermoplastic 20 layer of the shell surface 2 by heating.
To the top 5 or bottom 4 an opening device 6 is fitted in a tight manner which on opening of the package 1 is intended to be torn off so that the enclosed liquid becomes accessible for consumption.
The truncated cone is characterized by the relationship between the radii of its25 top and bottom surfaces which can be expressed by the formula r = ~2 - 1 ) R, which corresponds to ~ 0.4R, where R designates the radius of the top surface 7 and R the radius of the bottom surface 8, which is illustrated in Fig. 2.
133:~2fi3 The bottom radius is chosen so that it fits the module used in the handling of distribution and transport. The top radius then can be calculated according to the aforementioned formula r = ~2 -1 )R. The height of the package, and with it also the cone angle, is determined by the volume, bearing in mind the product volume, head 5 space, that is to say splash space, and bottom and top design. The height, and the cone angle connected therewith, are limited by practical considerations in respect of the ease of handling and the desire that the packages should make the best possible use of the distribution units. The enclosed volume is calculated by the formula Ir H R2(3 - v'2) 3 where H represents the height and R the radius of the bottom area 8.
Fig.3 shows a distribution unit 9 comprising 13 off packages 1,10. With different package dimensions, of course, a great number of other packing patterns may exist taking into consideration the transport and distribution modules.
Fig.3 demonstrates also that if a package 10 with an aforementioned relationshipbetween the radii of top and bottom surfaces is positioned upside down, that is to say reversed between 4 adjoining packages 1 positioned the right way up, the reversed package 10 will rest on its top surface 7, that is to say wholly on a level with the bottom surfaces 8 of the four packages 1 which are positioned the right way up. At 20 the same time a tangential touch is obtained along four whole generatrices on the shell surface 2 of the reversed package 10 and one whole generatix on each shell surface 2 of the four packages 1 which are positioned the right way up. Thus a good utilization is obtained of the space which the packages 1 occupy in their distribution unit 9. The packing pattern is held together e.g. by being shrink-wrapped or enclosed, in some 25 form, by the distribution unit. To hold the units 9 together the space can be utilized better, moreover, by turning every other unit 9 upside down. The units 9 can also be stacked in vertical direction, since their surfaces are wholly plane and the internal pressure of the packages 1 imparts to them great strength and endurance against the effect of external pressure.
133~2fi3 As is evident from the above description, a liquid package is provided by the present invention which complies with the demands regarding gas tightness and strength for carbonated beverages and which is cheaper than the liquid packages for pressurized contents on the market at present. The liquid packages in accordance with the present 5 invention, moreover, are ecologically more beneficial, since they can be manufactured mainly from recycled material which can be recovered again. The manufacture, moreover, is not as energy-demanding as e.g. that of aluminium cans. By means of the present invention, moreover, a package is obtained which in an improved manner preserves the quality and taste of the enclosed beverage, as the enclosed beverage is in 10 contact with a thermoplastic material and as it is protected against light by the metal foil .
Claims (5)
1. A distribution unit of packages, comprising:
a plurality of truncated cone-shaped packages, each of said packages having a planar top surface at one end thereof and a planar bottom surface at the opposite end thereof, said plurality of packages including four first packages having their top surfaces lying in substantially a same first plane and having their bottom surfaces lying in substantially a same second plane, and a second package having its top surface lying substantially in said second plane and its bottom surface lying substantially in said first plane, each of said four first packages contacting two of said four first packages, said second package contacting each of said four first packages along a line extending from top surface of a respective first package and the bottom surface of the second package to the bottom surface of the respective first package and the top surface of the second package.
a plurality of truncated cone-shaped packages, each of said packages having a planar top surface at one end thereof and a planar bottom surface at the opposite end thereof, said plurality of packages including four first packages having their top surfaces lying in substantially a same first plane and having their bottom surfaces lying in substantially a same second plane, and a second package having its top surface lying substantially in said second plane and its bottom surface lying substantially in said first plane, each of said four first packages contacting two of said four first packages, said second package contacting each of said four first packages along a line extending from top surface of a respective first package and the bottom surface of the second package to the bottom surface of the respective first package and the top surface of the second package.
2. The distribution unit of packages according to claim 1, wherein each first and second of said packages is fabricated from a metal foil laminated on at least one side with a thermoplastic material.
3. A distribution unit of packages, comprising:
a plurality of truncated cone-shaped packages, each of said packages having a planar substantially circular top surface at one end thereof and a planar substantially circular bottom surface at the opposite and thereof, said plurality of packages including four first packages having their top surfaces lying substantially in a first plane and having their bottom surfaces lying substantially in a second plane, and a second package having its top surface lying substantially in said second plane and its bottom surface lying substantially in said first plane, the top surface of said first and second packages having the same radius and the bottom surface of said first and second packages having the same radius, each of said four first packages contacting two of said four first packages, said second package contacting each of said four first packages along a line extending from the top surface of a respective first package and the bottom surface of the second package to the bottom surface of the respective first package and the top surface of the second package, and the ratio of the radius of the top surface of the first and second packages to the radius of the bottom surface of the first second packages being about 0.4.
a plurality of truncated cone-shaped packages, each of said packages having a planar substantially circular top surface at one end thereof and a planar substantially circular bottom surface at the opposite and thereof, said plurality of packages including four first packages having their top surfaces lying substantially in a first plane and having their bottom surfaces lying substantially in a second plane, and a second package having its top surface lying substantially in said second plane and its bottom surface lying substantially in said first plane, the top surface of said first and second packages having the same radius and the bottom surface of said first and second packages having the same radius, each of said four first packages contacting two of said four first packages, said second package contacting each of said four first packages along a line extending from the top surface of a respective first package and the bottom surface of the second package to the bottom surface of the respective first package and the top surface of the second package, and the ratio of the radius of the top surface of the first and second packages to the radius of the bottom surface of the first second packages being about 0.4.
4. The distribution unit of packages according to claim 3, wherein each of said first and second packages is fabricated from a metal foil laminated on at least one side with a thermoplastic material.
5. The distribution unit of packages according to claim 3, wherein said second package is positioned in the center of said four first packages, and said four first packages are substantially equally spaced around the circumference of said second package.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8803525A SE500075C2 (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1988-10-05 | Liquid packaging for pressurized fillers in the form of a truncated cone |
| SE8803525-8 | 1988-10-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1333263C true CA1333263C (en) | 1994-11-29 |
Family
ID=20373526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000611076A Expired - Fee Related CA1333263C (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1989-09-12 | Liquid package for pressurized contents |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0362541B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JPH02139332A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE93800T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU635221B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1333263C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68908827T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2045311T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1804428C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE500075C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5168077U (en) * | 1974-11-26 | 1976-05-29 | ||
| EP0439664B1 (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1994-09-14 | SEDA S.p.A. | Container for liquids |
| GB2331500A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-05-26 | Premium Ice Cream Company Limi | Multipack of tapering containers |
| FI125640B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-31 | Sartorius Biohit Liquid Handling Oy | Packaging |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7400267A (en) * | 1973-01-13 | 1974-07-16 | ||
| US4049122A (en) * | 1974-10-21 | 1977-09-20 | Maxwell Earl G | Nestable non-corrosive container for pressurized beverages and processes for manufacture and handling thereof |
| US4023700A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1977-05-17 | Scal - Societe De Conditionnements En Aluminum | Container for pressurized liquid having a non-rigid wall |
| US4067433A (en) * | 1975-12-05 | 1978-01-10 | Profile Associates Incorporated | Packaging machinery |
| DE2727461A1 (en) * | 1977-06-18 | 1979-01-04 | Maidhof Automaten | Honeycomb shaped packing container - comprises honeycomb basic component and triangular, square, or diamond-shaped additional component |
-
1988
- 1988-10-05 SE SE8803525A patent/SE500075C2/en unknown
-
1989
- 1989-08-25 AT AT89115690T patent/ATE93800T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-25 ES ES89115690T patent/ES2045311T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-25 EP EP89115690A patent/EP0362541B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-25 DE DE89115690T patent/DE68908827T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-12 CA CA000611076A patent/CA1333263C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-10-04 RU SU894742026A patent/RU1804428C/en active
- 1989-10-04 JP JP1258018A patent/JPH02139332A/en active Pending
- 1989-10-04 AU AU42468/89A patent/AU635221B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-01-18 JP JP1999000142U patent/JP2604458Y2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2604458Y2 (en) | 2000-05-15 |
| ATE93800T1 (en) | 1993-09-15 |
| EP0362541A1 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
| RU1804428C (en) | 1993-03-23 |
| SE8803525L (en) | 1990-04-06 |
| SE500075C2 (en) | 1994-04-11 |
| JPH1193U (en) | 1999-07-21 |
| DE68908827D1 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
| SE8803525D0 (en) | 1988-10-05 |
| AU4246889A (en) | 1990-04-12 |
| DE68908827T2 (en) | 1993-12-23 |
| EP0362541B1 (en) | 1993-09-01 |
| ES2045311T3 (en) | 1994-01-16 |
| AU635221B2 (en) | 1993-03-18 |
| JPH02139332A (en) | 1990-05-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |