CA1330227C - Harmonimeter, and methods of utilizing and constructing same - Google Patents
Harmonimeter, and methods of utilizing and constructing sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1330227C CA1330227C CA000616592A CA616592A CA1330227C CA 1330227 C CA1330227 C CA 1330227C CA 000616592 A CA000616592 A CA 000616592A CA 616592 A CA616592 A CA 616592A CA 1330227 C CA1330227 C CA 1330227C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- input signal
- conductor
- harmonic
- voltage
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A portable instrument for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor. The instrument permits voltage and current harmonics to be easily read while the load is changing. The instrument provides insight as to the source of problem causing harmonics.
A portable instrument for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor. The instrument permits voltage and current harmonics to be easily read while the load is changing. The instrument provides insight as to the source of problem causing harmonics.
Description
^ 1 330227 The invention pertains to apparatus for measuring and - -indicating harmonic di6tortions in conductors, such as power lines. More particularly, the invention pertains to a portable, simple-to-use, and highly versatile instrument for quickly measuring and indicating a range of individual harmonic distortions in conductors.
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, comprising: first means detachably connectable to a conductor for providing an input signal indicative of electrical energy in said conductor;~ ~-second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; and third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal.
The invention will now be described in more detail, by `~
way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portable instrument according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a main circuit of the lnstrument shown in Fig. 1.
, Figure 3 is a block diagram of an internal, rechargeable power supply of the instrument shown in Fig. 1.
, :
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit for the instrument.
_ ~ 330227 Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit, and Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of a low battery indicator circuit ~or the power supply.
,: ......
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the voltage input box.
Figure 7 is a modification of the Figure 4 circuit adapted to measure voltage harmonics.
: ~
Figure 1, shows a portable instrument 1 according to the invention. Instrument 1 includes a carryi~g case 2 which -10 internally houses the main circuit 4 shown in Figure 4 (or --;~
alternatively in Figure 7), the power supply circuit 6 shown in Figure 5a, and the low battery indicator circuit 9 shown in Figure 5b; a clamp on current transformer 8 which is ~-~
selectively connectable to circuit 4 through a signal input ;~
jack 32; a power on/off switch 10 and a corresponding power on indicator light 12; a display scale 14 for indicating the level of harmonic distortion; a selector switch 16 which permits an operator to select a particular harmonic which is 20to be shown on scale 14; a low battery indicator light 18;
a battery charging cord 20 and a corresponding power input jack 22. Input jacks 130 may be included for measuring the voltage harmonics. ~
':' '.. :
Case 2 is constructed from a moldable, impact-resistant, water-resistant plastic, and has the circuits 4, 6, 9 permanently mounted in a base portion 24 thereof below a face plate 26. Circuit 6 may include the pair of rechargeable battery packs 28, 29 (Figure 5a), which battery packs would be recharged when necessary using cord 20.
However, circuit 6 could have any other appropriate/desired construction. For example, the circuit 6 could include a single battery pack and a voltage invertor.
-~ .:
:: :
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided an apparatus for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, comprising: first means detachably connectable to a conductor for providing an input signal indicative of electrical energy in said conductor;~ ~-second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; and third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal.
The invention will now be described in more detail, by `~
way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portable instrument according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of a main circuit of the lnstrument shown in Fig. 1.
, Figure 3 is a block diagram of an internal, rechargeable power supply of the instrument shown in Fig. 1.
, :
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit for the instrument.
_ ~ 330227 Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit, and Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of a low battery indicator circuit ~or the power supply.
,: ......
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the voltage input box.
Figure 7 is a modification of the Figure 4 circuit adapted to measure voltage harmonics.
: ~
Figure 1, shows a portable instrument 1 according to the invention. Instrument 1 includes a carryi~g case 2 which -10 internally houses the main circuit 4 shown in Figure 4 (or --;~
alternatively in Figure 7), the power supply circuit 6 shown in Figure 5a, and the low battery indicator circuit 9 shown in Figure 5b; a clamp on current transformer 8 which is ~-~
selectively connectable to circuit 4 through a signal input ;~
jack 32; a power on/off switch 10 and a corresponding power on indicator light 12; a display scale 14 for indicating the level of harmonic distortion; a selector switch 16 which permits an operator to select a particular harmonic which is 20to be shown on scale 14; a low battery indicator light 18;
a battery charging cord 20 and a corresponding power input jack 22. Input jacks 130 may be included for measuring the voltage harmonics. ~
':' '.. :
Case 2 is constructed from a moldable, impact-resistant, water-resistant plastic, and has the circuits 4, 6, 9 permanently mounted in a base portion 24 thereof below a face plate 26. Circuit 6 may include the pair of rechargeable battery packs 28, 29 (Figure 5a), which battery packs would be recharged when necessary using cord 20.
However, circuit 6 could have any other appropriate/desired construction. For example, the circuit 6 could include a single battery pack and a voltage invertor.
-~ .:
:: :
' :
^ 1 330227 Transformer 8 is selectively connectable to circuit 4 through a signal cord 30 which plugs into jack 32 on plate 26. Transformer 8 has two halves 34, 36, each including a portion of the transformer core 35 at one end thereof. The halves 34, 36 are pivotally connected together such that the portions of core 35 can be openecl by manually squeezing together a pair of handles 38, 40 ak opposite ends of the halves 34, 36. Transformer 8 also includes a biasing means -~
for normally holding the core encl of the transformer in a closed position. Transformer 8 can be easily attached to/around substantially any conductor by simply squeezing -handles 38, 40 together, positioning the opened end of the circuit transformer next to the conductor, and releasing the handles so that the opened end of the transformer clamps around the conductor. Thus, the current transformer can be clamped around the conductor without interrupting the circuit, thereby enabling measurements during plant ~.
operation.
.
Transformer 8 preferably has a frequency response to at least 5 kilohertz so that higher harmonics are not attenuated and so that the transformer provides an accurate ~-input signal over a large measurement range. Transformer 8 is insulated to permit measurements in bus bar systems energized up to very high voltages, such as up to 600 volts AC.
The harmonic selector switch 16 permits an operator to choose the particular harmonic which is to be measured by the instrument. Switch 16 is preferably constructed as a rotatable dial which locks into a plurality of positions corresponding to the various harmonics. For example, switch 16 could be rotated to eleven different positions corresponding to current or voltage amplitude for the fundamental, 2nd harmonic, and odd harmonic 3rd through l9th.
^ 1 330227 Transformer 8 is selectively connectable to circuit 4 through a signal cord 30 which plugs into jack 32 on plate 26. Transformer 8 has two halves 34, 36, each including a portion of the transformer core 35 at one end thereof. The halves 34, 36 are pivotally connected together such that the portions of core 35 can be openecl by manually squeezing together a pair of handles 38, 40 ak opposite ends of the halves 34, 36. Transformer 8 also includes a biasing means -~
for normally holding the core encl of the transformer in a closed position. Transformer 8 can be easily attached to/around substantially any conductor by simply squeezing -handles 38, 40 together, positioning the opened end of the circuit transformer next to the conductor, and releasing the handles so that the opened end of the transformer clamps around the conductor. Thus, the current transformer can be clamped around the conductor without interrupting the circuit, thereby enabling measurements during plant ~.
operation.
.
Transformer 8 preferably has a frequency response to at least 5 kilohertz so that higher harmonics are not attenuated and so that the transformer provides an accurate ~-input signal over a large measurement range. Transformer 8 is insulated to permit measurements in bus bar systems energized up to very high voltages, such as up to 600 volts AC.
The harmonic selector switch 16 permits an operator to choose the particular harmonic which is to be measured by the instrument. Switch 16 is preferably constructed as a rotatable dial which locks into a plurality of positions corresponding to the various harmonics. For example, switch 16 could be rotated to eleven different positions corresponding to current or voltage amplitude for the fundamental, 2nd harmonic, and odd harmonic 3rd through l9th.
Scale 14 provides output readings for the instrument, which readings show the amplitude of the selected harmonic as a percentage of the fundamental amplitude. Scale 14 is preferably constructed as a multi-step light bar and a corresponding printed scale reading 0% to 100~ for current harmonics, or 0~ to 10~ for voltage harmonics. : ;~
...
Optionally, instrument 1 may also include a recording device, such as a paper chart and a marking tool, which : :
could record the output readings over a period of time. ;~ :
::
When instrument 1 is not being used, or is being transported, the signal cord 30, the charging cord 20, or -~ :
the plugs 128 with voltage input box 125 and test probes 127, are disconnected from their associated jacks 22, 32, ~- -130 and a lid 25 of the case 2, is secured over the base 24 -~
15 by latches 27. A padded carrying case may be used for : ~.
conveniently carrying the case 2, transformer 8, box 125, cord 30 and cord 20 during transportation or period of non- :
use.
' . ' '~'"
Figures 2, 4 and 7 show a block diagram and schematic :
20 diagrams of the main circuit 4 of the instrument 1. ~ircuit :
...
Optionally, instrument 1 may also include a recording device, such as a paper chart and a marking tool, which : :
could record the output readings over a period of time. ;~ :
::
When instrument 1 is not being used, or is being transported, the signal cord 30, the charging cord 20, or -~ :
the plugs 128 with voltage input box 125 and test probes 127, are disconnected from their associated jacks 22, 32, ~- -130 and a lid 25 of the case 2, is secured over the base 24 -~
15 by latches 27. A padded carrying case may be used for : ~.
conveniently carrying the case 2, transformer 8, box 125, cord 30 and cord 20 during transportation or period of non- :
use.
' . ' '~'"
Figures 2, 4 and 7 show a block diagram and schematic :
20 diagrams of the main circuit 4 of the instrument 1. ~ircuit :
4 comprises an input signal conditioner 50 which receives an input signal from transformer 8, auto-gain circuit 52 which receives a conditioned input signal from the conditioner 50, a buffer 54, a filter 56 which filters the input signal and 25 provides a modified signal indicative of the strength of a :-single predetermined harmonic of the input signal :.
(corresponding to the harmonic chosen using switch 16) relative to 25 the strength of the fundamental frequency component of the input signal, a programmable clock or 30 frequency synthesizer 58 which includes switch 16 and is ~-~
connected to the filter 56 for pe~mitting the operator to :
selectively vary the single, predetermined harmonic which is ~ :
indicated by the modified signal, an amplifier 60, and a display circuit 62.
According to one embodiment, instrument 1 is u~ed to measure a current input signal from transformer 8. However, instrument 1 could alternately be used to measure the harmonic distortions of a voltage input signal by connecting 5 circuit 4 between the conductor and ground. ~-To measure the harmonic distortions of a voltage input, a voltage input box 125 (Figure 6), containing a voltage divider network 129 to provide the proper operating voltage for circuit 4 of the harmonimeter is provided. The line voltage ~600/480 or 240) is reduced to approximately 33 mv which is the correct operating voltage for the 741 op-amp input. As shown in Figure 6, box 125 includes test probes 127 and output plug 128. Plug 128 connects to circuit 4 at connection 130 shown in Figure 7. The switch 126 in Figure 6 is a DPDT 10 (Double Pole/Double Throw) switch and is shown in the 240 volt position. The alternate position for switch 126 is for 600/480 volts.
,,, ,:
As shown in Figure 7, connection 130 receives plug 128.
Tile voltage/current input circuit 131 connects the proper input to the amplifier input and changes the gain of the amplifier. Circuit 131 comprises a second DPDT switch 133 which directs the input to the proper part of conditioner 50 and enables the harmonic scale to read 0% to 10~ voltage harmonics instead of 0~ to 100~ of current harmonics, and ; 25 vise versa. Switch 133 is shown in the "voltage harmonic"
;~ position. The alternate position would measure "current harmonics". ~ ;
Conditioner 50 shown in Figure 2 is indicated as having both a "current to voltage" portion and a "voltage to --voltage~ portion corresponding to l current input signal and a voltage input signal, respectively.
Circuit 52 is constructed of fast-acting, state of the art electronic components which are initially factory ~` 1 330227 calibrated, thereby eliminating any need for manually zeroing the meter before each use, or as the amount of electrical energy in the conductor varies. This feature permits harmonics to be easily read while the load is changing. Data can be taken to show the dependence of a single harmonic or several harmonics upon changing load conditions.
: -Circuit 52 may comprise a voltage to current converter ~ -(or rectifier) 64, a buffer 66, a current control, variable ~;
gain amplifier (or cell) 68, and In operational amplifier top-amp) 70. Circuit 52 receives an input signal from a conditioner 50 and controls the gain of the input signal to provide a substantially constant output signal to buffer 54. ;
Rectifier 64 and op amp 70 receive power input from battery -28 at terminal 72, 74, while op-amp 70 is also connected to battery 29 at terminal 76. Buffer 54 is connected to battery 29 Sat terminals 78, 80.
~ ',' ' Filter 56 comprises a multiple-order programmable, switched capacitor filter 82 and an amplifier 84. Filter 82 would preferably be programmed as ,i band pass filter, and would be connected to battery 29 at terminals 86, 88.
However, the filter 56 could comprise any desired or appropriate means. For example, the filter 56 could be ~^
constructed as an active filter using op-amps. The frequency synthesizer or programmable clock 58 may comprise a source clock 90, a phase lock loop 92, a pair of "divide by n CMOS"
counters 94) 96, a programmable logic array (PAL~ 98, switch 16, and a pull-up resistor network 100 associated with switch 16. Clock 90 is preferably a one kilohertz source clock programmed as a one kilohertz source clock. Components 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 and 100 are each connected to battery 29 at terminals 102, 104, 1061 108, 110, and 112, respectively.
Filter 56 is connected to synthesizer 58 through the output of the phase lock loop 92.
(corresponding to the harmonic chosen using switch 16) relative to 25 the strength of the fundamental frequency component of the input signal, a programmable clock or 30 frequency synthesizer 58 which includes switch 16 and is ~-~
connected to the filter 56 for pe~mitting the operator to :
selectively vary the single, predetermined harmonic which is ~ :
indicated by the modified signal, an amplifier 60, and a display circuit 62.
According to one embodiment, instrument 1 is u~ed to measure a current input signal from transformer 8. However, instrument 1 could alternately be used to measure the harmonic distortions of a voltage input signal by connecting 5 circuit 4 between the conductor and ground. ~-To measure the harmonic distortions of a voltage input, a voltage input box 125 (Figure 6), containing a voltage divider network 129 to provide the proper operating voltage for circuit 4 of the harmonimeter is provided. The line voltage ~600/480 or 240) is reduced to approximately 33 mv which is the correct operating voltage for the 741 op-amp input. As shown in Figure 6, box 125 includes test probes 127 and output plug 128. Plug 128 connects to circuit 4 at connection 130 shown in Figure 7. The switch 126 in Figure 6 is a DPDT 10 (Double Pole/Double Throw) switch and is shown in the 240 volt position. The alternate position for switch 126 is for 600/480 volts.
,,, ,:
As shown in Figure 7, connection 130 receives plug 128.
Tile voltage/current input circuit 131 connects the proper input to the amplifier input and changes the gain of the amplifier. Circuit 131 comprises a second DPDT switch 133 which directs the input to the proper part of conditioner 50 and enables the harmonic scale to read 0% to 10~ voltage harmonics instead of 0~ to 100~ of current harmonics, and ; 25 vise versa. Switch 133 is shown in the "voltage harmonic"
;~ position. The alternate position would measure "current harmonics". ~ ;
Conditioner 50 shown in Figure 2 is indicated as having both a "current to voltage" portion and a "voltage to --voltage~ portion corresponding to l current input signal and a voltage input signal, respectively.
Circuit 52 is constructed of fast-acting, state of the art electronic components which are initially factory ~` 1 330227 calibrated, thereby eliminating any need for manually zeroing the meter before each use, or as the amount of electrical energy in the conductor varies. This feature permits harmonics to be easily read while the load is changing. Data can be taken to show the dependence of a single harmonic or several harmonics upon changing load conditions.
: -Circuit 52 may comprise a voltage to current converter ~ -(or rectifier) 64, a buffer 66, a current control, variable ~;
gain amplifier (or cell) 68, and In operational amplifier top-amp) 70. Circuit 52 receives an input signal from a conditioner 50 and controls the gain of the input signal to provide a substantially constant output signal to buffer 54. ;
Rectifier 64 and op amp 70 receive power input from battery -28 at terminal 72, 74, while op-amp 70 is also connected to battery 29 at terminal 76. Buffer 54 is connected to battery 29 Sat terminals 78, 80.
~ ',' ' Filter 56 comprises a multiple-order programmable, switched capacitor filter 82 and an amplifier 84. Filter 82 would preferably be programmed as ,i band pass filter, and would be connected to battery 29 at terminals 86, 88.
However, the filter 56 could comprise any desired or appropriate means. For example, the filter 56 could be ~^
constructed as an active filter using op-amps. The frequency synthesizer or programmable clock 58 may comprise a source clock 90, a phase lock loop 92, a pair of "divide by n CMOS"
counters 94) 96, a programmable logic array (PAL~ 98, switch 16, and a pull-up resistor network 100 associated with switch 16. Clock 90 is preferably a one kilohertz source clock programmed as a one kilohertz source clock. Components 90, 92, 94, 96, 98 and 100 are each connected to battery 29 at terminals 102, 104, 1061 108, 110, and 112, respectively.
Filter 56 is connected to synthesizer 58 through the output of the phase lock loop 92.
~` 1 330227 Display circuit 62 may include a plurality of LED's 114 corresponding to the number of steps in scale 14 and at least one linear programmable chip 116. Circuit 62 and scale 14 could be alternatively constructed as any other desired display means, such as an analog type dial meter. Scale 14 could include multiple light bars corresponding to the number of harmonics measured, and circuit 4 (including the display circuit 62) could be modified to provide ~
simultaneous display of each of the measured harmonics as a percentage of the fundamental.
Figures 5a and 5b show a power supply circuit 6 and a low battery indicator circuit ~. Circuit 6 includes the pair of rechargeable battery packs 28, 29, and a recharger circuit 114 for the battery packs. Battery packs 28, 29 preferably have different voltage outputs. For example, battery pack 28 could have a +12 volt DC output, while battery pack 29 could have a +5 volt and a -5 volt DC
output. Circuit 114 has input terminals 116, 118 connectable to an appropriate power source, such as 120 volts AC, through cord 20 when necessary.
Circuit 8 includes an amplifier 120 and a pair of LED's 122, 124. LED 122 functions as a voltage reference, while LED 124 lights to indicate low battery at indicator 18.
Circuit 8 is connected to battery pack 2a at terminal 126.
Circuit 4 permits the instrument to be used for measurements on systems having a wide range of voltages (for example, up to 600 volts), and will provide accurate harmonic readings over a very wide range of line currents (for example, over a range of 10-1000 amps). Circuit 4 could 30 also be used to measure line currents in the range of 0-10 ~ ;~
amps, but such measurements would not be as useful as measurements in the range of 10-1000 amps. Operation of the instrument 1 is as follows:
i-~` 1 330227 Initially, an operator would connec' transformer 8 to circuit 4 by plugging it into jack 32, and would then clamp transformer 8 around a desired conductor, such as a power line.
.
Alternately, the voltage input box 125 may be plugged into jack 1~0 and the test probes attached to the desired conductor.
For making the actual measurements, all that an operator is required to do is turn on the instrument 1 using the on/off switch 10, and then turn switch 16 to the desired harmonic. Or for voltage harmonic measurement, switch 126 and switch 131 must be properly set. Normally, the selector switch will initially be turned to the fundamental harmonic, whereby scale 14 should read 100% if there is sufficient ~
15 curr~nt in the conductor being measured. The operator then .-would turn the selector switch to each other desired --harmonic and could record the harmonic amplitude measurements indicated by scale 14. Subsequently, the operator would interpret the recorded data to determine tile sources of problems that have been encountered with particular conductors. ~ -Harmonic distortion measurements obtained using the instrument may be used for many purposes. For example, detection of the second harmonic of electrical energy in a conductor can be used to indicate DC current components.
Also, the harmonic levels in each leg of a three-phase system could be measured separately to determine if the phases are equally loaded. -~
Although there has been described what is at present 30 considered to be the preferred embodiment of the present ;~
invention, it will be understood that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. For example, ~ 1 330227 the modifled signal which is being provided to display circuit 62 could also (or alternatively) be provided to a computerized energy management system which would automatically control the power in the conductor to be wi.thin a desired range. Similarly, the modified signal could also be provided to an appropriate alarm means, such as an audio alarm, a visual alarm, etc., which would be activated (for example) whenever a measured harmonic exceeded a predetermined maximum percentage of the fundamental.
simultaneous display of each of the measured harmonics as a percentage of the fundamental.
Figures 5a and 5b show a power supply circuit 6 and a low battery indicator circuit ~. Circuit 6 includes the pair of rechargeable battery packs 28, 29, and a recharger circuit 114 for the battery packs. Battery packs 28, 29 preferably have different voltage outputs. For example, battery pack 28 could have a +12 volt DC output, while battery pack 29 could have a +5 volt and a -5 volt DC
output. Circuit 114 has input terminals 116, 118 connectable to an appropriate power source, such as 120 volts AC, through cord 20 when necessary.
Circuit 8 includes an amplifier 120 and a pair of LED's 122, 124. LED 122 functions as a voltage reference, while LED 124 lights to indicate low battery at indicator 18.
Circuit 8 is connected to battery pack 2a at terminal 126.
Circuit 4 permits the instrument to be used for measurements on systems having a wide range of voltages (for example, up to 600 volts), and will provide accurate harmonic readings over a very wide range of line currents (for example, over a range of 10-1000 amps). Circuit 4 could 30 also be used to measure line currents in the range of 0-10 ~ ;~
amps, but such measurements would not be as useful as measurements in the range of 10-1000 amps. Operation of the instrument 1 is as follows:
i-~` 1 330227 Initially, an operator would connec' transformer 8 to circuit 4 by plugging it into jack 32, and would then clamp transformer 8 around a desired conductor, such as a power line.
.
Alternately, the voltage input box 125 may be plugged into jack 1~0 and the test probes attached to the desired conductor.
For making the actual measurements, all that an operator is required to do is turn on the instrument 1 using the on/off switch 10, and then turn switch 16 to the desired harmonic. Or for voltage harmonic measurement, switch 126 and switch 131 must be properly set. Normally, the selector switch will initially be turned to the fundamental harmonic, whereby scale 14 should read 100% if there is sufficient ~
15 curr~nt in the conductor being measured. The operator then .-would turn the selector switch to each other desired --harmonic and could record the harmonic amplitude measurements indicated by scale 14. Subsequently, the operator would interpret the recorded data to determine tile sources of problems that have been encountered with particular conductors. ~ -Harmonic distortion measurements obtained using the instrument may be used for many purposes. For example, detection of the second harmonic of electrical energy in a conductor can be used to indicate DC current components.
Also, the harmonic levels in each leg of a three-phase system could be measured separately to determine if the phases are equally loaded. -~
Although there has been described what is at present 30 considered to be the preferred embodiment of the present ;~
invention, it will be understood that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. For example, ~ 1 330227 the modifled signal which is being provided to display circuit 62 could also (or alternatively) be provided to a computerized energy management system which would automatically control the power in the conductor to be wi.thin a desired range. Similarly, the modified signal could also be provided to an appropriate alarm means, such as an audio alarm, a visual alarm, etc., which would be activated (for example) whenever a measured harmonic exceeded a predetermined maximum percentage of the fundamental.
Claims (15)
1. Apparatus for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, comprising: first means detachably connectable to a conductor for providing an input signal indicative of electrical energy in said conductor;
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; and third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal.
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; and third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, including: sixth means connected to said third means and receiving said modified signal therefrom, said fourth means providing a display of said modified sign.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, including: fifth means interconnected between said first and second means for automatically controlling a gain of said input signal so that the said apparatus does not have to be recalibrated prior to each use, and so that said input signal remains essentially constant despite variations of the electrical energy in said conductor.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, including:
sixth means connected to each of said first, second, third, fourth and fifth means for supplying power thereto.
sixth means connected to each of said first, second, third, fourth and fifth means for supplying power thereto.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: said first means comprises a current transformer adapted to be selectively clamped around said conductor.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: said second means comprises a filter; and the modified signal indicates the strength of the single, predetermined harmonic relative to the strength of a fundamental of said input signal.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: said second means comprises a multiple-order programmable, switch capacitor, band pass filter; and the modified signal indicates the strength of the single, predetermined harmonic relative to the strength of a fundamental of said input signal.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: said third means, comprises a, frequency synthesizer.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: said frequency synthesizer includes a harmonic selector switch adapted to be manually set by an operator to different harmonics, a source clock, and a phase lock loop connected between the source clock and the harmonic selector switch.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: said frequency synthesizer further comprises a programmable logic array connected between said selector switch and said phase lock loop.
11 - Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: said fourth means comprises a multi-step light bar and a plurality of LEDs associated with the light bar.
12. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: said sixth means comprises a rechargeable battery, a recharger circuit connected to the battery, said recharger circuit being selectively connectable to an external power source, and an indicator circuit connected to the battery for indicating when said battery is running low on power.
13. Apparatus according to claim 12, wherein: said indicator circuit comprises a first LED functioning as a voltage reference, and a second LED which lights to indicate low battery power.
14. Apparatus for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, comprising: first means detachably connectable to a conductor for providing an input signal indicative of electrical energy in said conductor;
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal; said modified signal indicates voltage harmonics; and said second means includes a switch which enables said apparatus to measure voltage and current harmonics.
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal; said modified signal indicates voltage harmonics; and said second means includes a switch which enables said apparatus to measure voltage and current harmonics.
15. Apparatus for locating and measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, comprising: first means detachably connectable to a conductor for providing an input signal indicative of electrical energy in said conductor;
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal; said modified signal indicates voltage harmonics; said first means comprises a voltage input box including a voltage divider network to provide a proper operating voltage; and said second means includes a switch which enables said apparatus to measure voltage and current harmonics.
second means connected to said first means and receiving said input signal therefrom, said second means providing a modified signal indicative of the strength of a single, predetermined harmonic of said input signal; third means connected to said second means for selectively varying the single, predetermined harmonic which is indicated by said modified signal; said modified signal indicates voltage harmonics; said first means comprises a voltage input box including a voltage divider network to provide a proper operating voltage; and said second means includes a switch which enables said apparatus to measure voltage and current harmonics.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US169,407 | 1988-03-17 | ||
| US07/169,407 US4818947A (en) | 1988-03-17 | 1988-03-17 | Apparatus for measuring harmonic distortion in a conductor, and methods of constructing and utilizing same |
| US07/310,226 US4902960A (en) | 1988-03-17 | 1989-02-13 | Voltage input for harmonimeter, and methods of constructing and utilizing same |
| US310,226 | 1989-02-13 | ||
| CA000593903A CA1315847C (en) | 1988-03-17 | 1989-03-16 | Harmonimeter, and methods of utilizing and constructing same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000593903A Division CA1315847C (en) | 1988-03-17 | 1989-03-16 | Harmonimeter, and methods of utilizing and constructing same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1330227C true CA1330227C (en) | 1994-06-14 |
Family
ID=27168241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000616592A Expired - Fee Related CA1330227C (en) | 1988-03-17 | 1993-02-09 | Harmonimeter, and methods of utilizing and constructing same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1330227C (en) |
-
1993
- 1993-02-09 CA CA000616592A patent/CA1330227C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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