CA1329825C - Reversing psc motor design capable of high reversal repetition rate - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure A reversible permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor and method of designing such a motor employs a parallelogram lamination silhouette and distributes the winding in the core of the motor stator assembly so that maximum flux density in the core is approximately equal in each direction of motor rotation.
The motor is designed to achieve high repetition reversal rates.
The reversal rate and the equal performance attained in each direction, makes the design particularly suitable for washing machine applications.

Description

1~982~
Bac ro~nd of the Invention This invention relates to a reversing permanent split capacitor (PSC) motor design, and in particular, to a reversing -PSC motor finding application in a drive system for an agitator of an automatic washing machine. While the invention is described with particular detail in respect to such application, those skilled in the art will recognize the wider applicability of the inventive principles disclosed hereinafter.

This application, being a division of Canadian application Serial No. 590,598 filed February 9, 1989, claims only certain features of the invention disclosed herein below in its entirety.
PSC motors have been used to drive washing machines for a long time. ~he motors themselves have ~een known since nearly the birth of induction motors.
Likewise, washing machines are not new. Over the years, many attempts have been made to ~implify drive mechanisms em~loyed to drive the agitator and spin wash basket of automatic wahers. Many motor types have been employed for this purpose, including a both induction motors and direct current motors of various constructions. More recently, brushless permanent magnet motors, and electronically controlled motors having unusual winding configurations in the form of winding stages have been suggested ~or use in washing machines. See for example, the U.S.
Patent No. 4,390,826 to Erdman et al. Motors having winding stage6 are expensive to manufacture and difficult to control.
~hat ls to say, they require expensive and sophisticated 01ectronic control circuitry for operation. While conventional ;
brushless permanent magnet motors employing conventional windings, as opposed to the stages used in the Erdman patent, for 111(141./11~1~777/07/~ n . ,.

., " . ' .

132982~
example, have long been suggested for washing machine applications, they too require relatively complicated control circuitry for operation.
The motor and method of design disclosed hereinafter utilizes a specifically designed reversible split capacitor motor capable of reversing 120 times a minute to provide the agitation motion for a washing machine. In order to achieve this high reversability, numerous design criteria needed to be met. The criteria to my knowledge, could not be met with conventionally constructed PSC motors.
With respect to any PSC motor where reversing is important, rotor inertia must be kept as low as possible so that the rotor does not develop a tendency to nfly wheeln in the lnitial direction o~ rotation instead of reversing as required by the application. The motor also must not have third quadrant torque. This means that when running in a negative speed mode, the motor must not develop any negative torque. If negative torque i5 developed during operation, the motor may not reverse upon reversal of the power connections. Most importantly, the motor must provide equivalent electrical and mechanical output in both directions. The washing machine performance characteristic necessarily depends on essentially eguivalent motor output in each direction of rotation to enable the washing machine to deliver equal washing motions in each direction of motor rotation.
As can be appreciated, the most relevant factor in determining the rotor's inertia is rotor weight. Rotor weight is Ol~lL/DI1~777l07/lll/80 ':' ' ' 132982~
directly related to its overall diameter. However, if rotor diameter is too small, then the motor is incapable of developing sufficient torque in various drive applications in general and in a washing matching application in particular. On the other hand, if a large bore or diameter design is employed, fourth quadrant torque to overcome inertia is difficult to attain. Under conventional motor design criteria, the motor secondary resistance, that is to say, the resistance of the rotor, is chosen so that it is less than or equal to total stator impedance. The design of the motor described hereinafter employs a high resistance rotor. The secondary resistance, i.e. the ~;
resistance of the rotor in the preferred embodiment is approximately 1.4 times the impedance of the stator. In any case, acceptable resistances are in a range between 1.25 to 1.55 times the impedance of the stator. The motor construction described hereinafter achieves certain design criteria not met with conventional techniques. First, it enables the locked rotor torque in each direction of motor rotation to remain high, i.e.
approximately 60% of breakdown torque. It also insures that no third quadrant torque will be produced. I have found that when reversible PSC motors designs deviate from these ratios, the result iB a motor design that either costs too much, or fails to meet the instant reversability or peak torque requirements of the particular application.
The conventional method for manufacturing a four pole rever~ing PSC motor is to employ two windings having equal turn 03~1./D113777/07/11~/ffff ",, - 132982~

counts and wire sizes for the motor stator. The windings then are placed at so electrical degrees (45 mechanical degrees) apart in a suitable stator core lamination design. A capacitor is placed between the two windings, and power is applied to one side -;
or the other of the winding/capacitor configuration. Functional use of each winding depends upon which side of the capacitor has power applied to it. With one connection method, the first winding acts as the motor main winding and the second winding acts as an auxiliary winding. On reversal, the winding functional aspects also are reversed. Equal winding turns means that the turns ratio or K ratio of the windings, conventionally defined as the number of auxiliary winding effective turns divided hy the nu~ber of ~ain winding effective turns, is one.
An alternative to the K ratio of one design is disclosed hereinafter, denominated as an open delta connection. In the open delta design, a stator is wound with three windings di~placed ~7y 60 electrical degrees. Typically all three windings have the ~ame turn counts and wire sizes. In one direction, one of the windings acts as the main while the combination of the other two windings and capacitor serve as the auxiliary. In the reverse direction the third winding acts as the main while the remaining two windings and capacitor serve as the auxiliary winding. The resulting K ratio in this design is 1.732. Because the K ratio is larger than one, a smaller capacitor can be used ln the open delta design than in the equal turns ratio I.IPN~777/07/~/RN

132982~ ~

arrangement. Total motor cost may be lower because of the ability to use the smaller capacitor. ~ -In general, it is more cost effective to design stator laminations having silhouettes either in square or in other parallelogram shapes. From a manufacturing standpoint, these shapes can be manufactured with less scrap in the lamination manufacturing operation. I have found that with a square lamination design, it is important that the lamination be designed and the winding placement chosen so that each winding controls approximately identical amounts of lamination material, so that electrical performance is equal in each direction of ~ ~ -motor operation. When designed according to the principles ;
disclosed herein, a low cost, highly efficient, small size and easy to manufacture motor particularly suitable to act in the drive system of a washing machine is the result.
Thus this invention provides a low cost reversing PSC motor design.
This invention can also provide a low cost PSC motor design having applicability in a drive system for a washing machine.
This invention can also provide a reversible PSC
motor having a high resistance rotor design so that no third quadrant torque develops during normal motor operation.

132982~
Also this invention can provide a reversing PSc motor which includes at least a square or other general~y parallelogram shape for the lamination silhouette.
In accordance with this invention there is also provided a lamination design having winding receiving slots formed in the laminations, the number and arrangement o~
which, in combination with the motor winding placement, is adapted to provide equal maximum flux densities in each direction of motor rotation.
This invention can also provide a reversing PSc motor that obtains higher rates of reversal and superior motor performance in applicational use than reversing PSC
motors heretofor known.
Other advantages o~ this invention will be apparent ln view of the following description and accompanying drawings .
Summarv o~ the Invention In accordance with this invention, generally stated, a reversible permanent split capacitor motor is disclosed which uses a generally parallelogram lamination design. Individual laminatlons have a central opening and a plurality of radially extending closed bottom receptacles communicating with the central opening ~ormed in them. Adjacent receptacles delimit a ~amination tooth, and the inwardly radially directed extensions o~ the teeth define the central opening.
When ~ormed in a core comprising a plurality of laminations, the receptacles delimit winding receiving slots and the central opening defines a rotor receiving bore. The 132~82~
lamination preferably has two axis of symmetry, and the sl~ts are arranged so that each symmetrical axis passes through winding receiving slot openings. The windings of the motor are distributed in the slots so that maximum flux density for the core is approximately equal in each direction of rotation.
Preferably, the rotor design has high resistance, and the co~bination of rotor inertia and rotor resistance is chosen so that (i) no third quarter torque exists and (ii) locked rotor :~-torque always will enable the motor to start in either direction. -Brief Description of the Drawins In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in perspective partially broken away, depicting an automatic washing machine ut~l~z~ng the motor of the present invention:
Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a portion of the automatic washer shown in Figure 1:
Figure 3 ~s a view in perspective of the motor employed in connection with the wash~ng machine of Figure l;
Figure 4 i8 a speed torque curve representation of the motor design o~ the present invention as compared with a conventional reversible ~plit capacitor motor:
Figure Sa i6 a diagra~matic view, labeled prior art, showing a ~irst conventional winding for a reversible PSC motor acting as a main winding in one direction of rotation, illustratlng a ~irst yoke area o~ maximum flux density.
Figure 5b is a diagrammatic view showing a second conventional winding for a reversible PSC motor acti~g as a main 0164L/DI~3777/07/14/88 ~329825 winding in a second direction of rotation~ i~lustrating a second yo~e area of maximum flux density, the first and second yoke areas being substantially different from one another.
Figures 6a and 6~ are diagrammatic views showing first and second axes of symmetry for the lamination, further illustrating respective first (Figure 6a) and second (Figure 6b) windings of the motor of figure 5 shifted 15' respectively, also illustrating first (Dl) and second (D2) yoke portions of maximum flux density for the laminations there illustrated.
Figures 7a and 7b are diagrammatic views of the lamination design o~ the present invention for a X ratio of one design in which the axes of symmetry of the lamination are chosen to extend through a winding recei~ing receptacle or slot, the wlndings being positioned in the slots so that the area of ~aximum flux density (D) is the ~ame in each direction o rotation.
Figure 8a i8 a diagrammatic view of a X ratio equal to one design for a first illustrative embodiment of motor of this inventi~n.
Figure 8b is a diagrammatic view of an opened delta design for a second illustrative embodiment of motor of this invention;
Figure 9a is a diagrammatic view of a connection diagram ~or the motor shown in Figure 8b.
Figure 9b is a phasor diagram illustrating the operation oP the motor shown in Figure 8b and 9;

0~641./DN~777/071~/BB

1~2982~
Figures lOa and lOb are diagrammatic views showing respective first (9a) and third (9b~ windings acting as main windings for an open delta arrangement in a prior art lamination design, further illustrating first and second yoke areas of maximum flux density: ~
Figures lla and llb are diagrammatic views of first ~ .
(lOa) and third (lOb) windings acting as main windings for an ~:
open delta arrangement of the motor of this invention, illustrating the availability of yoke portions having approximately equal flux densities in each direction of motor rotation employing the motor design of this invention;
Figu-re 12a is an end ~iew of one illustrative embodiment of the motor of this invention:
Figure 12b is a second end view of the motor of this ..
invention; .
Figure 12c is a view in side elevation of the motor of :
this invention; and Figure 13 is an enlarged sectional view o~ the motor of this invention.
De cri~tion o~ the Preferred ~mbodiment Re~erring now to the Figure 1, reference numeral 10 indicates generally a vertical axis agitator type washing machine having preselectable controls for automatically operating the machine through a programmed series o~ washing, rinsing and .
spinning ~teps. The machine 10 includes a frame 12 carrying panel~ l~ forming th~ sides, top, ~ront and bacX o~ a cabinet 03641./DN3777/07/14/8a ':'"'' 132982~
1. A hinged lid 18 is provided in the usual manner for access to the interior of the washing ~achine 10. In the e~bodiment illustrated, the washing machine 10 has a rear conso7e 20 in which is disposed setable control means, including a timer dial 22 and a temperature selector 24. Other controls may be provided, if desired.
Internal to the washing machine 10 there is disposed a perforated fluid containing tub 26 within which is rotably mounted a perforated basket 28 for rotation about a vertical :
axis. A vertically disposed agitator 30 is connected for operation to a motor 32 through a drive mechanism 34.
Referring to Figure 2, the agitator 30 is linked by a shaft 36 to the drive 34, which in turn is driven by a suitable pulley arrangement 38 by the motor 32. The motor 32 is mounted in an arrangement 40 and 42 which connects to the ~rame 12 of the wa6her 10. In the embodiment illustrated, the motor 32 is linked by a pulley arrangement 38, that arrangement including a drive pulley 44 and a driven pulley 46 connected by a belt 48 to a drive 34. The drive 34, in the embodiment illustrated, also .
includes a planetary gear drive having a spring clutch 50 in a planetary housing 52 mounted in a reduction drive frame 54 that connects to the ~rame 12. While a planetary reduction drive has been shown in the drawings and disclosed herein for use with the motor 32 o~ the present invent$on, those skilled of the art will recognize that a variety o~ other driver arrangements can be utllized with the motor 32. It is also contemplated that the 03~4L/D113777/07~ 30 132982~
motor ~2 may be directly attached to the agitator in operation of the washing machine lo. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the washing machine 10 being described here for background information and detail, may comprise any of a variety of commercially available devices.
The motor 32, ~s shown in Figures 12 and 13 t includes a first end shield a 200 and a second end shield a 201 which axe attached to a stator assembly 202 in any conventional manner.
Threaded fasteners work well, for example. The end shields 200 and 201 respectively include a central hub 204 which houses suitable bearings 206 for rotably supporting a rotor assem~ly 205. The rotor assembly 205 is mounted to a ~haft 210. The shaft 210 in turn is journaled in the bearings 206, which, as indicated, are positioned the respective hubs 204. The rotor assemb~y 205 is mou~ed on the shaft 210 by any convenient method. ShrinX or press fits work well, for example. The attachment of the motor 32 to the washing machine 10 is described in particular detail in U S Patent No. 4,947~539. Likewise, certain related constructional features of the motor 32, not forming a part of the invention disclosed herein are descLi~ed in U.S Patent No. 5,035,043.

. :

-" 13~982~

T~le rotor assembly 205 preferably is a laminated str~cture having a squirrel cage design. The assembly 205 includes end rings 207 and 208. In the embodiment illustrated, the end ring Z08 has an integrally cast fan 209 formed with it, for purposes of cooling the motor. A fan assembly 220 also is provided on the opposite rotor end for rotation with the shaft 210 for the purposes of additional cooling of the motor 32.
Details of the cooling functions and construction of the fan assembly 220 may be found in U.S, Patent No. 4,833,049. Power is supplied to the motor through conventional lead wire 222 which may be terminated in any suitable way. Conventional connector plugs work well, for example. -As indicated above, electrically the motor 32 may take two ~orm8. Equivalent circuits for the motor windings are shown in Figures 8a and 8b. As shown in Figure 8a, the equal K ratio design, a lead wire 300 is connected to one side of a first winding 301. A 8econd side o~ winding 301 is connected to a lead 302. The lead 300 also is connected to a first side of a winding 303. A second side of the winding 303 is connected to a lead 304~ A capacitor 305 is connected between the leads 302 and 304. A switch means 310 is provided to connect an input ¢onductor or line 311 either to the lead 302 or the lead 304, depending upon the direction of rotation desired.

0301~ DN377710711~

1329~2~
The open delta design is shown in Figure 8b. Like reference numerals are employed, where appropriate. In the embodiment shown, the input lead 300 again is connected to one side of a winding 301 and a winding 303. The second side of winding 301 is connected to a conductor or lead 302 and a capacitor 305. A second side 308 of the capacitor 305 is connected to a first side of a third winding 309. A second side of winding 309 is connected to the lead 304 and to a second side of the winding 303. The leads 302 and 304 again are connected to -the switch means 310 and through the switch means to the other input power conductor 311, movement of the switch means 310 between either a terminal 320 or a terDinal 321 will cause -alternate rotation of the rotor in either a clockwise or a counter-clockwise direction, respectively.
~ he circuit design in Figure 8a is a somewhat more convent~onal ~ethod of producing a reversing PSC type motor. For exa~ple, in the embodiment of Figure 8a, the windings 301 and 303 pre~erably have the same wire sizes and turn count. Those sXilled in the art will appreciate that the windings 301 and 303 comprise a number of poles. ~hat is to say, the winding 301 may be constructed from any desired number o~ poles. The number of poles determines the maximum operating motor speed and for most washing mach~ne applications, 2, 4, 6 and 8 pole con~igurations are ~ound to be adequate. Other variations will be apparent to those sXilled in the art. As indicated above, the drawings indicate a ~our pole configuration.

03~1./DN~777/07/1~/11~ , , 1329~2~
I~ Figure 8b, each of the windings 301, 303 and 309 preferably h~ve the same turn counts and wire sizes. In one direction of rotation, winding 301 will act as the main while the combination of windings 303 and 30g serve as the auxiliary winding. In the other direction of rotation, winding ~03 acts as the main winding, while windings 301 and 309 serve as the auxiliary winding. Again, the individual windings may be wound in a variety of pole configurations.
As previously indicated, the largest single factor in ~ ~ -determlning a rotor's inertia is its weight. Rotor weight is dirèctly related to its outer diameter. For the washing machine application described herein, the optimum stator bore diameter was derived to be at 70mm or 2.756 inches. The outer diameter dimension ~or the stator lamination was chosen at approximately 4.2 inches. This combination of size factors enables the motor o~ my invention to have the lowest material cost for the per~ormance reguired in the washing machine application described.
Figure 4 is a speed torque curve for the conventional xeversing PSC motor design sometimes used in washing machine applications. As shown in Figure 4, with conventional or standard (STD) motor designs, third guarter torque can ~ave a negative value. This is highly undesirable in cituations where a large number o~ rever~als per minute ~or the motor are required.
Indeed, this condition is not desirable in applications requiring any number o~ reversals. By ~ollowing the design criteria set ~orth herein, the ~econd speed torgue characteristic shown in O~O~I/DN3777/ D7/ ~ 8 132982~
F~:~ re 4 was obtained. Significantly, no third quarter torque is present in the design; high locked rotor torque or starting torque is obtained; breakdown torque is equivalent to the standard motor; and the operating range of the motor on the speed torq~e curve is roughly equivalent. More importantly, the operational performance can be repeated in either direction of rotation.
Figures Sa and 5b show conventional winding and slot configurations in known reversing PSC motors. For purposes of description, a lamination 500, which is a generally a parallelogram shape, is shown in a known winding and slot design. The parallelogram shape found most convenient to use is a ~quare. The lamination 500 includes certain constructional details not forming part of the present invention in the form of mounting bolt openings 501 adjacent a plurality of cleat notches 502, The cleat notches 502 are utilized to interlock the laminations in a predetermined core height as is ~nown in the art. The lamination 502 has, for purposes oS describing the pre5ent invention, an X axis o~ ~ymmetry 503 and a Y axis of symmetry S04, as re~erenced to Figure 5a. As there shown, each lamination 500 has a central bore opening 514. ~he opening 514 has a plurality o~ radially extending close bottom receptacles 505 communicating with the central opening 514. Ad~acent receptacles 505 de~ine teeth 506 having tips 507, the inwardly extending ends o~ which de~ine the opening 514.

036~L/DN3777107/1~

In their assembled relationship, the individual laminations 500, delimit a core 509 (shown in Figure 13), while the receptacles 505 delimit winding receiving slots 520. The central opening 514 defines a rotor receiving bore 521. In the -embodiment illustrated, there are twenty-four (24) slots 520, which are numbered for description in a clockwise direction, as referred to in Figures 5a and 5b, by the notations Sl through S24. Conventionally in prior art designs, one tooth 506 lies along each respective one of the axes of symmetry 503 and 504.
As can be seen in Figure 5, the number of teeth equal the number of slots and each tooth centerline axis represents 15~ of a conventional compass measurement.
Figures 5a and 5b illustrate diagrammatically the respective w~ndings 301 and 303 acting as main windings.
Conventionally, during motor construction one of the windings is placed in the slots first, and the second winding is placed radlally inwardly o~ the first winding, and the winding may share ~lots with one another. For ease Or description, however, the w~ndings 301 and 303 are shown separately in Figures 5a and Sb.
Maximum ~lux density in the lamination 500 occurs in the area~ where the respective windings are split, as between the slot S3 and S4 in Figure 5a and slot S24 and Sl in Figure 5b.
Flux density i~ determined by ~irst deriving the total motor flux '~ ~rom the ~ormula:
= V~M6 (4-54 x 10~)(.95) ...... . . ;::
~f)(C~

0361l1,/DN3777/07/l~

~f,,~ ",, ,, ,' ,,, " ~ ,,' ,-'" ,,~ '," ;,' ~ "~ ', "~ ,; "",,'~", `'"~ ;';~'' - 1~2982~
Where VR ~ 5 = the root mean square value of the terminal voltage applied to the motor; :
f = frequency of the voltage ~o~rce; :
CXu= T~tal number of effective cond~ctor of ;
the motor; where c is the total actual mot~r turns and X~ is a winding factor to obtain effective turns.
F1UX is expressed in K lines. Once total flux is determined F1UX density is determine~ from the formula:
Flux Density = ~/A
Where A = the cross-sectional area of the core structure ~
of concern. Generally, the ~tooth~ density and core density are ;
calculated. For the core structure, flux density is determined in practice by the distance between the slot bottom, times the core stack height. RMS values of flux density are obtained by dividing the flux density obtained from the above calculation by the i6quare root of 2.
Assuming other factors being equal, flux density depends, in the lamination des~gn shown in Figures Sa and Sb, on the di~tace between the slot bottoms and any particular end point of the lamination SOO. As can be seen in Figure 5b, the dlstance Dl is ~ubstantially smaller than the distance D2, 80 that the prior art motor depicted in Figures 5a and Sb cannot pos~ibly ha~e equivalent performance in each direction of rotation. Since motor electrical performance decreases as flux density increases, motor operation in the Figure ~b arrangement is demon~tratably wor~e than in the Figure 5a mode of operation.

0~641./DN~777/07/14/00 : " '. ' :S ' ., . " ~. , s , ~,~. ... ...... .

132982~ ~
Figures 6a and 6b depict a conventio~al way to improve m~t~r performance. Where the motor is intended to operate in a single direction, performance improvement sometimes can be accomplished by shifting the winding one slot in either direction from the associated symmetry axis. When this is done with a reversible motor, however, performance in both directions of rotation does not improve. As can again ~e seen, t~e distance D1, while increased with the shifted winding, is still substantially different from the distance D2 shown in Figure 6b.
Again, motor performance will not approach equivalency in each direction of motor rotation.
Figures 7a and 7b illustrate the final configuration for a lamination 580 used for the motor 32. Like numerals are employed, where appropriate. As there shown, the lamination de~ign itself has been rearranged so that the axes 503 and 504 now pa~s through a slot of the lamination rather than a tooth.
When 80 arranged, each winding split occurs 22.5 from the one o~
the axe8 o~ symmetry 503 and 504, regardless of which winding is utllized as the main winding. Consequently, maximum flux density o~ necessity is the same in each direction of rotation and equivalent ~odes o~ electrical performance, and consequently equAl washing performance, i5 obtained. Equivalent performance occur~ regardless o~ the time spent in either direction of rotation during washing operation.
Figure 9 ~s a connection diagra~ for the open delta deslgn described above. Again, each winding comprises ~our - 19 - ,;,':
03~L/ON3777/0711~/ss ,: , i3298~
p ~s, each pole having two sets of wire turns forming the pole.
The radially extending lines represent tooth axes, and the wire turn sets are wound to span three and fi~e teeth, respectively.
The winding configuration and coil placement are diagramatically illustrated in Figure 9. Also shown in 9 are the connections between poles, the leads, and a protector employed with the motor 32 of this invention, regardless of the winding configuration used.
Figure 9b represents a phasor diagram for the open delta design shown in Figure 8b. The voltage across winding 301, winding 303, and winding 309 have a resultant phasor in respective directions of rotation indicated by the reference numerals 901 and 902. ~he resultants 901 and 902 are equal to one another.
Performa~ce of the open delta design caused by placement o~ the winding in the lamination 580, while not exactly equal as ~5 the case of the embodiment shown in Figures 7a and 7b, is comparable to the improved results obtained by shifting the winding in the prior art de5igns. Thus, while Figures lOa and lOb ~how relati~ely large dif~erences in yoke area and consequently flux densities, the relationship illustrated in Figures lla and llb tends to minimize the difference. That is to say, while the distance D~ nis somewhat greater than the distance D~ n in Figure5 lla and llb respectively, overall motor cost may justify the difference in performance. I have found consequently, that either winding design may be employed 03~L/DN3777/07/1~/08 :, ' ' ' `- 132~82~
dd~ntageously with the lamination design 580. With either embodiment described, it is desirable to attempt to balance the maximum flux densities in each direction of rotation to ensure proper washability in washing machine applications, and to ensure improved electrical performance in other applications.
Uu~erous variations, within the scope of the independent claims, will be apparent to those ski~led in the art including the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Thus, while cleating was described as the preferred method of core manufacture, bonding, welding or combinations of the three, or other methods may be employed if desired. The motor is shown using a construction in which the end shields are mounted directly to an end face of a particular lamination. Other constructions ~ -may be e~ployed. For example, more conventional motor she~ll and end shield arrangements may be used. Lamination thicknesses and relative dimensions may change in other e~bodiments of this invention. A~ indicated, the number of poles and the number of coils comprising the poles may also vary. These variations are merely illu~trative.
, , ; ,,':

03$~1L/DN~777/07/l~/00

Claims (8)

1. A reversible permanent split capacitor motor comprising:
a stator assembly including a core having a predetermined configuration, said core being constructed from a plurality of stator laminations having identical silhouettes, said core having a central opening and defining a rotor receiving bore therein, and a plurality of radially extending slots opening onto said bore and defining a rotor receiving bore therein, and a plurality of radially extending slots opening slot said bore and defining winding receiving slots, said slots defining a plurality of teeth, the radial inner extension of said teeth defining said bore, and windings in said slots, said windings including at least a first winding and a second winding, said windings being electrically connectable so that said first winding delimits a main motor winding in a first direction or rotation and an auxiliary motor winding in a second direction of rotation, while said second winding delimits an auxiliary motor winding in said first direction of rotation and a main motor winding in said second direction of rotation, said stator assembly winding having a predetermined electrical impedance value;
a rotor mounted for rotation in said bore, said rotor having a squirrel cage design the resistance value of which is selected from a range of between 1.25 to 1.55 times the predeterminable impedance value of said stator assembly winding; and support means for said rotor operably connected to said rotor and said stator.

2. The motor of claim 1 wherein each winding has winding splits about said slots and is operatively placed in said stator so that the maximum flux density in said core in the area of said winding splits is approximately equal in either direction of rotation of said motor.

3. The motor of claim 2 in which the bore of said stator assembly has a diameter of not less than 2.70 inches.

4. The motor of claim 3 further including a capacitor, said capacitor being electrically connected to one side of said first and said second winding.

5. The motor of claim 4 wherein each of said laminations has twenty four slots, four peripheral flat surfaces arranged in a parallelogram shape, and two axes of symmetry along said flat surfaces, said teeth being offset at each of said axes, said windings including a plurality of poles, each being placed in said core so that at least two splits between windings are symmetrical with respect to said axes.

6. The motor of claim 5 wherein the split of said windings for each pole is 22 1/2° from one of said axes.

7. The motor of claim 5 wherein the split between winding poles occurs at 37 1/2° in one direction of rotation and 22 1/2° in a second direction of rotation.

8. The motor of claim 7 wherein said motor further includes a third winding placed in the lamination slots of said stator assembly and a capacitor, said capacitor being electrically connected to said third winding and one of said first and said second windings.