CA1325719C - Water ski shoes - Google Patents
Water ski shoesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1325719C CA1325719C CA000570075A CA570075A CA1325719C CA 1325719 C CA1325719 C CA 1325719C CA 000570075 A CA000570075 A CA 000570075A CA 570075 A CA570075 A CA 570075A CA 1325719 C CA1325719 C CA 1325719C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- shoe
- sole
- foot
- skier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/30—Water skis fastened to the user's feet; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B63B32/35—Bindings
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Water skis, boards and discs are commonly used to permit a person to glide along the surface of a body of water while being towed at substantial velocity. So called barefoot water skiing can also be accomplished in a similar manner. However, the increased danger of injury to the exposed feet and the great skill required to ski without conventional skiing equipment has kept this sport from becoming popular. Disclosed is a ski shoe having foot-protective sole which in plan approximates the area of the skier's foot and includes certain contour features on the bottom, water-engaging surface thereof, to provide enhanced directional stability and decrease the tendency for the skier to slide or glide randomly along the surface of the body of water while skiing.
Water skis, boards and discs are commonly used to permit a person to glide along the surface of a body of water while being towed at substantial velocity. So called barefoot water skiing can also be accomplished in a similar manner. However, the increased danger of injury to the exposed feet and the great skill required to ski without conventional skiing equipment has kept this sport from becoming popular. Disclosed is a ski shoe having foot-protective sole which in plan approximates the area of the skier's foot and includes certain contour features on the bottom, water-engaging surface thereof, to provide enhanced directional stability and decrease the tendency for the skier to slide or glide randomly along the surface of the body of water while skiing.
Description
~"`` 132~719 TITLE OF THE INVENTION:
~TER SKI SHOS
NAME OF INVENTORS: JAMES H~ TOLBERT, JR. and TMOMAS E. TOLBERT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Inventlon The presen~ invention generally relates to water skis and more partlcularly to adjustable shoes whlch serve as water skis.
~TER SKI SHOS
NAME OF INVENTORS: JAMES H~ TOLBERT, JR. and TMOMAS E. TOLBERT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Inventlon The presen~ invention generally relates to water skis and more partlcularly to adjustable shoes whlch serve as water skis.
2. General D~scuss~on of the Background The oldest skis that have been found in the bogs of Sweden are between 4,000 and 5,000 years old (A.H.M. Lunn, ~ Skiing, 1927).
Water skilng, on the other hand, has only become popular since the advent of the motorboat. The long thin shape of the bottom of convent10nal water sk~s prw lde the longitudinal directlonal stablllty and hydrodynamic forces adequa~e ~o support the skier at the surface of ~he water. The sport is most popular in the coastal states such as Florida, Callforn~a, South Carolina and Texas.
In the 1970's, a new phenomenon emerged ln the water skling~
barefoot water skiing. Although the barefoot skiers enjoyed the new sport, the fun had its perlls Pollutants and debrls of modern time prw lded treacherous conditions and dlscouraged barefoot sklers because of the speed at which a barefoot sk~er must be towed. Many injur~es from lmpact~ng even mere splinter particles caused paln and angulsh to barefoot sklers who simply wanted to have fun. Consequently, ~ery few people risk the dangers of barefoot skling.
'' ' , ~325719 Buoyant forces resulting from d~splaclng relatlvely large volumes of water may be used to support a person, but thls ls of course not water skiing. Such "water walk~ng" apparatl are d1sclosed ln U.S. Patent Nos.
19275,727 (Niec), 1,413,602 (Michalskl), 3,108,296 (Smlth), 3,833,956 S(Meehan), 3,936,897 (Schaumann), 4,117,562 (Schaumann), ~nd 4,261,069 (Schaumann).
Clearly, a skier would not experlence the thrill of barefoot ski~ng by using such devlces, for they are too cumbersome for skiing with speed and adequate maneuverab~lity. Hence, convent~onal water skis, boards, discs, 10etc. wh~ch are large by comparlson to human feet, are used instead. One cannot attain the effect of barefoot sk11ng by using water skis.
Consequently, 1t is the object of applicant's invention to construct d water ski shoe which is relatively small, maneuverable and wlll protect the skier's feet.
15It is fur~her the object of the appllcant's invention to construct a water ski shoe whlch will allow the skier to attain maxlmum speed and maneuYerabil 1 ty. '`
Another object of the invention ls to prov~de an adjustable water skl shoe which wlll flt many sizes.
20It is further ~he object of thls lnvention to attain any or all of the above objectlves w~thout losing the effect of barefoot skilng.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To achleve the objects of the invention, the appllcant's water skl shoe ls bu~lt to comprise a fiberglass sole which is curved upward at the 25ends to minimi~e friction and facilitate gllding on water. The rear end of :
~325719 the sole converges to a point to better "cut" the waker and for better balance. A foot plate pressed onto the sole, is designed to conform to the shape of a sk~er's foot.
The bottom of the fiberglass sole which is in the water during sk~lng, possesses an 1nverted, Y-shaped water channel along par~ of the length of the sole to help prevent the shoe from gllding randomly on the water surface. At the re~r portion of the underside of the fiberglass sole, ls an egg-shaped protrusion which disperses the water whlch has travelled through the channel. In addition to the water channel, pressure holes, dr~lled lnto the sole at a sufficlent angle to meet the water channel, serves as an outlet for the water which enters the channel.
T~e boot portion of ~he water ski shoe is made of sillcon rubber.
A small rubber wlngs may be attached to the boot for aerodynamic st~billty.
The water ski shoe may be ~djustdble so that the heel and boe may ; 15 converge or move apart by sliding on a track system whlch locks at incremental segments. The length of the shoe may be further flxed by use of ' Yelcro~ straps attached to the heel section and fastened to strlp-ma~ing 'l straps on the toe section.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
, 20 F~g, l is a slde v1ew of the appl~cant's wa~er skl shoe showing lts 3 main components.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the foot plate of the applican~'s water skl ~ shoe as looking along llne II-II of Fi9. 1.
`,~ Flg. 3 is a plan view of the sole of applicant's water ski shoe ~5 look1ng 110ng 11ne 111-111 Or F1g. 1.
13257~9 Flg. 4 ls a cross-sectlonal vlew of the sole of appl1cant's water skl shoe looklng along llne I~ of Flg. 3.
Flg. 5 ls a cross-sectlonal vlew looking along llne V-V of Flg. 3 of the rear sectlon of the sole and boot of applicant's lnventlon.
Flg. 6 ls a perspectlve vlew of another embodlment of appllcant's water ski shoe.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A water ski shoe l as shown ln Fig. l broadly canprlses a boot lO, and a sole 20.
The sole 20 ls preferably made of a rlgld flberglass composlte of a well known type and ls curved upwards (away from the water surface) at lts toe and heel ends (21, 22) to facllitate glldlllg on the water. Heel end 22 of the sole 20 ~ncludes certaln contour features which facllitate dlrectlonal stablllty and better balance whlle sk11ng. To the top 23 of sole 20 ls afflxed a foot plate 25 whlch ls deslgned tD conform to the shape of a typlcal skler's foot (not shown). The footplate 25 and boot lO may come in several si~es, although ~ ery size on half-size lncrements may not be necessary. Foot plate 25 is typically made of magneslum or slmilar metal and ls molded into the top 23 of the flberglass sole 20 dur1ng the moldlng process. It may alternatlvely be rlveted or screwed or held by adheslve.
The overall area in plan of the sole 20, ln contrast to that of conventlonal water skis, approxlmates that of the foot of the skler.
Bullt into the bottorn 24 of flberglass sole 20 is an inverted V-shaped water channel 30 (see Figs. 3 and 4) substantially parallel to and along center llne 31 of the sole 20 to help preYent the water skl shoe l 132~719 from gliding randomly on the water surface 3. The water channel 30 runs much of the length of the sole 20 (see Fig. 3). Near the heel end 22 of the underslde 24 of the f~berglass sole 20 is a project~on 26 hav~ng the shape of an oblate spherold wh1ch, among other things, disperses water which 5 has travelled through the channel 30.
In addition to the water channel 30 and projectlon 26 at the bottom 24 of the flberglass sole 20, pressure holes 27 (see Figs. 3 and 4) are drllled along two parallel axes (shown as dashed llnes 28 and 29 ln Fig. 3) on each slde of the wa~er channel 3 0. The holes 42 are drlll ed into the 10 bottom 24 of the fiberglass sole 20 and are palred such that each pressure hole 27a along axis 28 will have a corresponding pressure hole 27b along axis 29. The pressure holes 27 are drilled into ~he bottom 24 of the fiberglass sole 20 at a suff~clen~ angle to "mee~" the water channel 30 and serve as an outlet for water which has entered the water channel 30 as shown 15 ~n F1g. 4. The pressure holes 27 may also be drilled at such an angle that water expelled through the pressure hole wlll enhance the volumetr~c flow of water towards the rear of the shoe lo The boot lO is preferably ~nade of s~licon rubber. Rubber straps 11 are ~dapted to the top 12 of the boot 10 and are secured by typical buckles ? 0 (not shown).
Flg. 6 shows an alternatlve system for adiustably fastenlng the shoe to the sk~er's foot. Heel sec~ion 12 and toe section 13 may converge or separate by sliding on a track system 14 which will lock in incremental segments. The shoe size may be fur~her fixed by Velcron' straps 15 onto heel 132~7~9 ~6~
sectlon 12 fastened to strip~mating strap 16 extending from the ~oe sec~on 13.
A rooster ta~l 40 may be generated by water skl shoe 1 passlng along the wa~er, by dlrecting water channel 30 whlch p~sses through projection 26, and ou~wardly and upwardly through heel port~on 22 of sole 20 wlth a channel outlet 41 near converging polnt 42 of the flberglass sole 20. This constructlon allows the water which has entered the channel 30 ~o be shot in an arc 43 as shown (see Fig. 4).
It is c7early unders~ood tha~ thls is the preferred embod~ment only and that modiflcation and variation may be made to the disclosed embodiment wlthout departing from the subject of the ~nventlon as def~ned in the following clalms. For example, sole 22 could be bu~l~ vlrtually up w er the heel and toe encasing portion of the whole boot 10 and wings 50 (Figs. 3) which are attached directly to th~s rigid sole for aerodynamic s~abil~ty and even to provide a sllght "llft" for the skler.
Water skilng, on the other hand, has only become popular since the advent of the motorboat. The long thin shape of the bottom of convent10nal water sk~s prw lde the longitudinal directlonal stablllty and hydrodynamic forces adequa~e ~o support the skier at the surface of ~he water. The sport is most popular in the coastal states such as Florida, Callforn~a, South Carolina and Texas.
In the 1970's, a new phenomenon emerged ln the water skling~
barefoot water skiing. Although the barefoot skiers enjoyed the new sport, the fun had its perlls Pollutants and debrls of modern time prw lded treacherous conditions and dlscouraged barefoot sklers because of the speed at which a barefoot sk~er must be towed. Many injur~es from lmpact~ng even mere splinter particles caused paln and angulsh to barefoot sklers who simply wanted to have fun. Consequently, ~ery few people risk the dangers of barefoot skling.
'' ' , ~325719 Buoyant forces resulting from d~splaclng relatlvely large volumes of water may be used to support a person, but thls ls of course not water skiing. Such "water walk~ng" apparatl are d1sclosed ln U.S. Patent Nos.
19275,727 (Niec), 1,413,602 (Michalskl), 3,108,296 (Smlth), 3,833,956 S(Meehan), 3,936,897 (Schaumann), 4,117,562 (Schaumann), ~nd 4,261,069 (Schaumann).
Clearly, a skier would not experlence the thrill of barefoot ski~ng by using such devlces, for they are too cumbersome for skiing with speed and adequate maneuverab~lity. Hence, convent~onal water skis, boards, discs, 10etc. wh~ch are large by comparlson to human feet, are used instead. One cannot attain the effect of barefoot sk11ng by using water skis.
Consequently, 1t is the object of applicant's invention to construct d water ski shoe which is relatively small, maneuverable and wlll protect the skier's feet.
15It is fur~her the object of the appllcant's invention to construct a water ski shoe whlch will allow the skier to attain maxlmum speed and maneuYerabil 1 ty. '`
Another object of the invention ls to prov~de an adjustable water skl shoe which wlll flt many sizes.
20It is further ~he object of thls lnvention to attain any or all of the above objectlves w~thout losing the effect of barefoot skilng.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To achleve the objects of the invention, the appllcant's water skl shoe ls bu~lt to comprise a fiberglass sole which is curved upward at the 25ends to minimi~e friction and facilitate gllding on water. The rear end of :
~325719 the sole converges to a point to better "cut" the waker and for better balance. A foot plate pressed onto the sole, is designed to conform to the shape of a sk~er's foot.
The bottom of the fiberglass sole which is in the water during sk~lng, possesses an 1nverted, Y-shaped water channel along par~ of the length of the sole to help prevent the shoe from gllding randomly on the water surface. At the re~r portion of the underside of the fiberglass sole, ls an egg-shaped protrusion which disperses the water whlch has travelled through the channel. In addition to the water channel, pressure holes, dr~lled lnto the sole at a sufficlent angle to meet the water channel, serves as an outlet for the water which enters the channel.
T~e boot portion of ~he water ski shoe is made of sillcon rubber.
A small rubber wlngs may be attached to the boot for aerodynamic st~billty.
The water ski shoe may be ~djustdble so that the heel and boe may ; 15 converge or move apart by sliding on a track system whlch locks at incremental segments. The length of the shoe may be further flxed by use of ' Yelcro~ straps attached to the heel section and fastened to strlp-ma~ing 'l straps on the toe section.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
, 20 F~g, l is a slde v1ew of the appl~cant's wa~er skl shoe showing lts 3 main components.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the foot plate of the applican~'s water skl ~ shoe as looking along llne II-II of Fi9. 1.
`,~ Flg. 3 is a plan view of the sole of applicant's water ski shoe ~5 look1ng 110ng 11ne 111-111 Or F1g. 1.
13257~9 Flg. 4 ls a cross-sectlonal vlew of the sole of appl1cant's water skl shoe looklng along llne I~ of Flg. 3.
Flg. 5 ls a cross-sectlonal vlew looking along llne V-V of Flg. 3 of the rear sectlon of the sole and boot of applicant's lnventlon.
Flg. 6 ls a perspectlve vlew of another embodlment of appllcant's water ski shoe.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A water ski shoe l as shown ln Fig. l broadly canprlses a boot lO, and a sole 20.
The sole 20 ls preferably made of a rlgld flberglass composlte of a well known type and ls curved upwards (away from the water surface) at lts toe and heel ends (21, 22) to facllitate glldlllg on the water. Heel end 22 of the sole 20 ~ncludes certaln contour features which facllitate dlrectlonal stablllty and better balance whlle sk11ng. To the top 23 of sole 20 ls afflxed a foot plate 25 whlch ls deslgned tD conform to the shape of a typlcal skler's foot (not shown). The footplate 25 and boot lO may come in several si~es, although ~ ery size on half-size lncrements may not be necessary. Foot plate 25 is typically made of magneslum or slmilar metal and ls molded into the top 23 of the flberglass sole 20 dur1ng the moldlng process. It may alternatlvely be rlveted or screwed or held by adheslve.
The overall area in plan of the sole 20, ln contrast to that of conventlonal water skis, approxlmates that of the foot of the skler.
Bullt into the bottorn 24 of flberglass sole 20 is an inverted V-shaped water channel 30 (see Figs. 3 and 4) substantially parallel to and along center llne 31 of the sole 20 to help preYent the water skl shoe l 132~719 from gliding randomly on the water surface 3. The water channel 30 runs much of the length of the sole 20 (see Fig. 3). Near the heel end 22 of the underslde 24 of the f~berglass sole 20 is a project~on 26 hav~ng the shape of an oblate spherold wh1ch, among other things, disperses water which 5 has travelled through the channel 30.
In addition to the water channel 30 and projectlon 26 at the bottom 24 of the flberglass sole 20, pressure holes 27 (see Figs. 3 and 4) are drllled along two parallel axes (shown as dashed llnes 28 and 29 ln Fig. 3) on each slde of the wa~er channel 3 0. The holes 42 are drlll ed into the 10 bottom 24 of the fiberglass sole 20 and are palred such that each pressure hole 27a along axis 28 will have a corresponding pressure hole 27b along axis 29. The pressure holes 27 are drilled into ~he bottom 24 of the fiberglass sole 20 at a suff~clen~ angle to "mee~" the water channel 30 and serve as an outlet for water which has entered the water channel 30 as shown 15 ~n F1g. 4. The pressure holes 27 may also be drilled at such an angle that water expelled through the pressure hole wlll enhance the volumetr~c flow of water towards the rear of the shoe lo The boot lO is preferably ~nade of s~licon rubber. Rubber straps 11 are ~dapted to the top 12 of the boot 10 and are secured by typical buckles ? 0 (not shown).
Flg. 6 shows an alternatlve system for adiustably fastenlng the shoe to the sk~er's foot. Heel sec~ion 12 and toe section 13 may converge or separate by sliding on a track system 14 which will lock in incremental segments. The shoe size may be fur~her fixed by Velcron' straps 15 onto heel 132~7~9 ~6~
sectlon 12 fastened to strip~mating strap 16 extending from the ~oe sec~on 13.
A rooster ta~l 40 may be generated by water skl shoe 1 passlng along the wa~er, by dlrecting water channel 30 whlch p~sses through projection 26, and ou~wardly and upwardly through heel port~on 22 of sole 20 wlth a channel outlet 41 near converging polnt 42 of the flberglass sole 20. This constructlon allows the water which has entered the channel 30 ~o be shot in an arc 43 as shown (see Fig. 4).
It is c7early unders~ood tha~ thls is the preferred embod~ment only and that modiflcation and variation may be made to the disclosed embodiment wlthout departing from the subject of the ~nventlon as def~ned in the following clalms. For example, sole 22 could be bu~l~ vlrtually up w er the heel and toe encasing portion of the whole boot 10 and wings 50 (Figs. 3) which are attached directly to th~s rigid sole for aerodynamic s~abil~ty and even to provide a sllght "llft" for the skler.
Claims (10)
1. A water ski shoe to be fitted on a skier's foot for skiing on a body of water, comprising:
a sole with an upper surface adapted to support a skier's foot, a bottom surface which contacts the body of water, said sole having a length not substantially greater than that of the upper surface adapted to receive the skier's foot;
a boot portion fixedly secured to said sole; and a water channel carved substantially through the length of the sole.
a sole with an upper surface adapted to support a skier's foot, a bottom surface which contacts the body of water, said sole having a length not substantially greater than that of the upper surface adapted to receive the skier's foot;
a boot portion fixedly secured to said sole; and a water channel carved substantially through the length of the sole.
2. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the sole comprises an upwardly curved front part and an upwardly curved heel part.
3. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the sole portion is made of a fiberglass composite.
4. The shoe of claim 1, wherein the boot portion is sized and shaped to be able to substantially cover the skier's foot.
5. The shoe of claim 2, wherein the front part is curved upwardly to a degree at least slightly greater than the heel part.
6. The shoe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sole comprises a foot plate, fixedly secured to the boot portion along substantially the entire perimeter of the boot portion.
7. The shoe of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a strap means determined to be extended across the foot of the wearer on the boot portion for securing the foot of the wearer in the boot portion during use.
8. The shoe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said water channel is an inverted, V-shaped water channel to help prevent the shoe from gliding randomly on the water surface.
9. The shoe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at the rear portion of the underside of the fiberglass sole, is an egg-shaped protrusion which disperses the water which has travelled through the channel.
10. The shoe of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in addition to the water channel, pressure holes, drilled into the sole at a sufficient angle to meet the water channel, serves as an outlet for the water which enters the channel.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP86104850A EP0218779B1 (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1986-04-09 | Water ski shoes |
| AU61742/86A AU6174286A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1986-08-22 | Water ski shoe |
| CA000570075A CA1325719C (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1988-06-22 | Water ski shoes |
| US07/324,732 US5078633A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1989-03-17 | Water sport footwear |
| AU61145/90A AU656713B2 (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1990-08-20 | Water ski shoes |
| US07/772,065 US5181873A (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1991-10-07 | Water sport footware |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US78457785A | 1985-10-04 | 1985-10-04 | |
| CA000570075A CA1325719C (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1988-06-22 | Water ski shoes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1325719C true CA1325719C (en) | 1994-01-04 |
Family
ID=25671952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000570075A Expired - Fee Related CA1325719C (en) | 1985-10-04 | 1988-06-22 | Water ski shoes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0218779B1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU6174286A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1325719C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5181873A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1993-01-26 | Tolbert James H | Water sport footware |
| US4808134A (en) * | 1986-12-02 | 1989-02-28 | Jacques Imbeault | Water ski boot |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1545013A (en) * | 1923-12-17 | 1925-07-07 | Gustav W Riebe | Toboggan ski |
| US1983609A (en) * | 1933-10-16 | 1934-12-11 | Willis T Hudson | Swimming shoe |
| US3103673A (en) * | 1962-08-13 | 1963-09-17 | Marapost Space Corp | Water ski attachment |
| US3090978A (en) * | 1962-09-07 | 1963-05-28 | William H Hanson | Water ski device |
| US3428979A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1969-02-25 | Berkley & Co Inc | Surface for water vehicles |
| US3731328A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1973-05-08 | G Russell | Water ski with venturi channel and means for securing foot retainers |
| FR2249687B1 (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1977-09-16 | Reflex Sa Ets | |
| US4188046A (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1980-02-12 | John Fleckenstein | Ski and integral boot plate with toe piece and releasable heel binding |
| US4296511A (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1981-10-27 | Wright Joe B | Water ski with increased stability |
| US4227274A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1980-10-14 | Richardson Richard N | Piggy back ski |
-
1986
- 1986-04-09 EP EP86104850A patent/EP0218779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-08-22 AU AU61742/86A patent/AU6174286A/en not_active Abandoned
-
1988
- 1988-06-22 CA CA000570075A patent/CA1325719C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-08-20 AU AU61145/90A patent/AU656713B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6114590A (en) | 1990-11-29 |
| EP0218779A1 (en) | 1987-04-22 |
| AU656713B2 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
| AU6174286A (en) | 1987-04-09 |
| EP0218779B1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |