CA1325092E - Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic - Google Patents

Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic

Info

Publication number
CA1325092E
CA1325092E CA616584A CA616584A CA1325092E CA 1325092 E CA1325092 E CA 1325092E CA 616584 A CA616584 A CA 616584A CA 616584 A CA616584 A CA 616584A CA 1325092 E CA1325092 E CA 1325092E
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
welding rod
weld
welding
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
CA616584A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ernest O. Butts
Nicholas E. Butts
Robert Pinder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EO Butts Consultants Ltd
Original Assignee
EO Butts Consultants Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CA000529474A external-priority patent/CA1235872A/en
Priority claimed from CA000565710A external-priority patent/CA1248729A/en
Application filed by EO Butts Consultants Ltd filed Critical EO Butts Consultants Ltd
Priority to CA616584A priority Critical patent/CA1325092E/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1325092E publication Critical patent/CA1325092E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3424—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having the form of a coil spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5035—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being in thread form, i.e. in the form of a single filament, e.g. in the form of a single coated filament
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3034—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes
    • B29C66/30341—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of additional elements, e.g. meshes non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. making use of extra elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/82—Forcing wires, nets or the like partially or completely into the surface of an article, e.g. by cutting and pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/88—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced
    • B29C70/882—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding
    • B29C70/885—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised primarily by possessing specific properties, e.g. electrically conductive or locally reinforced partly or totally electrically conductive, e.g. for EMI shielding with incorporated metallic wires, nets, films or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/944—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by controlling or regulating the time

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

ELECTRIC FUSION WELDING OF THERMOPLASTIC

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for electric fusion weld-ing of thermoplastic materials in which a welding rod formed of a core of said thermoplastic is wrapped in an electrical resistance element. The welding rod is positioned between members of the thermoplastic to be welded and electric current is applied to the electric resistance element while pressing the members and the core together to embed the electric resistance element in the thermoplastic causing the plastic to fuse and form a unitary weld. Simultaneously the electrical resistance element is embedded in the weld, mech-anically reinforcing and strengthening the connection.

Description

ELECTRIC FUSION ~ELDING OF THERMOPLASTIC

This application is a division of Canadian Patent Application Serial no: 529,474 filed February 11, 1987.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved method of forming a weld between members of thermoplastic materials. Such materials include polyethylene and poly-vinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like, and specifically includes linear high density polyethylene.

Numerous techniques have been developed for the joining of thermoplastic materials including the use of adhesive and welding. Certain of these materials, however, ar~ not adapted to the use of adhesives, such as polyethylene. Such material has in the past been welded by a technique known as extrusion welding using a tool which applies heat to overlapped sheets of the thermoplastic material and extrudes a bead of the same thermoplastic material at the edge of the lap, which is intended to fuse with the preheated sheets of the thermoplastic to be ~oined to form a liquid fusion of the two sheets and the extrudate, thus welding the overlapped sheets. This technique has not proven entirely satisfactory in practise because of a lack of uniformity in the welding process especially where hand held extrusion welding tools are used on large sheets of material.

Another technique known in the prior art involves the use of a so-called "speed tip" for welding thin sheets of material in which a welding rod of the thermoplastic material is fed through the nozzle of a hot air gun and a stream of hot air together with 25 the melted thermoplastic are applied to the area to be welded. Once again problems of uniformity and completeness of weld are evident.
Frequently sush welds include pinholes or unwelded portions and can also include portions in which excess heat has been applied and the ~

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DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

The present invention i8 directed to an electrically heated technique for forming either lap or butt welds between two members of a thermoplastic material. Such techniques have been attempted in the past as disclosed in the teachings of the following U.S. patents.
:' 2,243,506 granted May 27, 1941, B.V. Mitchell 2,647,072 granted July 28, 1953, W.K. Smith 2,742,390 granted April 17, 1956, Beck - 2,974,566 granted March 14, 1961, A.B. Hurley 3,049,465 granted August 14, 1962, P.E. Wilkins 3,061,503 granted October 30, 1962, G.E. Gould et al 3,348,640 granted October 24, 1967, R.R.Thompson et al 4,416,713 granted November 22,1983, Brooks -In each of the above patents a technique for ~oining or vulcanizing thermoplastic or rubber is disclosed in which an electrical heating element is provided either to soften an adhesive as in Brooks, or to cure a thermo setting adhesive bonding agent as in Thompson, or to preheat plastic members which are then pressed into intimate contact as taught by Gould, Wilkins, Hurley, Beck and Smith. Mitchell teaches the vulcanizing of a patched rubber boot using an electrical heater to achieve the vulcanization temeperature.
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SUMM~RY OF THE INVENT I ON

In none of the known prior art is there taught an electric fusion welding technique in which an electrical element is provided surrounding a core of the thermoplastic material forming the two members which are to be joined. In contrast the present invention provides a method of welding adjacent mem~ers of a thermoplastic material which comprises forming a welding rod of this thermoplastic material, and wrapping the rod with an electric resistance element. This welding rod is positioned between the thermoplastic members to be welded and an electrical current is applied to the resistance element. Simultaneously, the members to be welded are pressed together. The current is applied for a time and at an intensity to cause the welding rod and portions of the thermoplastic material of the adjacent members to be welded to soften and fuse thereby welding the two members together. The resistive wire forms a mechanical reinforcement in the weld thereby rendering a superior weld between the thermoplastic members. This welding technique has been successfully used with materials traditionally considered impossible to weld, such as high density linear polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, a thermoplastic material sold under the trade-mark DELRIN, a thermoplastic material sold under the trade-mark NYLON, and the like. Preferred forms of electric re~istive element include windings of nichrome or stainless steel wire, although it i8 within the concept of the present invention to utilize other forms of resistive elements such as coatings of suitable resistivity in place of the helical coil of wire, provided such coating is compatible with the thermopla tic material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a welding rod in accordance with the present invention, ~-,~' . ' Figure 2 is a cross-section through a welding rod of Figure 1, Flgure 3 is a cross-~ection through the welding rod having a rectangular core, Figure 4 illustrates a lap joint between two sheets of thermoplastic u~ing the welding rod of Figure 1, Figure 5 illustrates the completed weld of the materials being joined in Figure 4, Figure 6 is an enlargement of the weld area of Figure 5, Figure 7 illustrates the slectrical connections for making a weld, , : .
Figure 8 illustrates a butt weld between curved members ~uch as for example a longitudinal butt weld on a pipe, :
Figure 9 illu~trates the weld of Figure 8 on ~0 completion, ~ .

. _ Figure 10 is perspective illustrating the use of the invention in performing a transverse butt weld on piping, Figure 11 is a perspective view of a lap weld in .:
accordance with the present invention, . -Figure 12 illustrates a continuous weld lap welding technique utilizing the welding rod of the present invention.

1 3250q2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawing there is shown in parspective a welding rod 9 in accordance with the present invention. A rod 10 of thermoplastic material is wrapped with a helical winding of nichrome or stainless steel wire 11. The size of wire to be used in relation to the size of the core and the spacing of the turns of the helix depends upon the thickness of the material to be welded and the required current to bring about the appropriate heating of the weld area.

In Figure 2 a cross-section of the rod 9 of Figure l is shown in which the core 10 with its winding 11 are clearly illustrated. Figure 3 illustrates an alternative form of core 10 of rectangular cross-section with a similar winding 11 wrapped in helical fashion about the rectangular core.
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It is also within the scope of the present inventions to simultaneously wind a plurality of wires around the core which wires may for example be connected together in parallel to reduce the total resistance of the winding, for electrical rea~ons. ;~

Figure 4 illu~trates the procedure to be followed in assembling the components for a weld. A pair of sheets of thermoplastic material 12 and 13 are positioned on either side of a welding rod having a core 10 and winding 11. An electrical current is passed through the winding 11 and simultaneously pressure is applied above and below on the sheets 12 and 13, 25 resulting in the melting and fusion of the core and the adjacent -portions of the sheets 12 and 13 to form a unified weld. The electrical resistance member remains in thP weld and reinforces or "stitche" the weld mechanically.

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__ ' In Figure 6 there is an expanded cross-section through the weld formed by the process illustrated in Figures 4 and 5. As can be seen from this cross-sectional view, the material of the rod 10 is now indistinguishable from the welded material o~ the shests 12 and 13, and the weld is reinforced by the electrical resistance member embedded therein.

Figure 7 illuætrates the electrical circuit required to perform the welding operation. In its simplest form a source of electrical power here represented as a variable voltage transformer 14 is connected to a source of power at 15 and is connected via a suitable switch 16 to the winding 11. Current from the variable voltage transformer is passed through the winding 11 for a predetermined period of time causing the rod 10 and the adjacent portions of the thermoplastic members 12 and 13 to be heated and fused together by the application of pressure at the same time that electric current is applied to the coil 11.

Figure B illustrates a butt weld between curved members for example segments of a longitudinally slit thick walled thermoplastic pipe. As before a welding rod consisting of a core 10 and a winding 11 is positioned between the thermoplastic members 17 and 18. Electric current is applied and pressure is subsequently applied to urge the edges of the members 17 and 18 into contact.
The weld is completed when the welding rod is fused and embedded in the weld. The structure of the weld is such that the welding rod 2~ becomes part of the body of material of the two thermoplastic members that are joined and the weld is simultaneously reinforced by the presence of the windinq 11. This latter completed configuration of the butt weld is illustrated in Figure 9.

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Figure 10 is a perspective view illustrating the manner in which a butt weld end to end of circular members such as thermoplastic piping can be achieved utilizing a ring shaped welding rod with a helical winding wound thereon. The ring shaped welding rod is positioned between the members to be butt welded, the members are pressed together to complete the weld.

Figure 11 illustrates in perspective a lap weld of the present invention in which may be seen in the welding rod 10, the winding 11, the thermoplastic members 12 and 13 overlapped and welded.

Such welds may be made continuously aæ i8 illustrated in Figure 12. In Figure 12 a bottom sheet 20 is fed by uitable means includin~ rolls 21 and 22 into a welding region. Simultaneously a welding rod 23 with a helical winding 24 thereon is supplied to the continuous welding process. The welding rod is heated by the application of an electric current between shoes 25 and 26, which shoes are intended to contact several turns of the helix 24 causing heating of the welding rod 23 which is then partially embedded in the surface of sheet 20. Pressure is applied between the shoe 26 and the roll 21. The welding rod is thus embedded in the surface of the sheet 20 with its upper edge exposed. Further heating of the coil 24 occur~ between the shoe 26 and the shoe 27 due to a f~rther electrical current passed through the coil 24. The heated strip 23 is then contacted by the upper sheet 28 and the weld between the sheets 20 and 28 is completed by passing between rolls 29 and 22.

Clearly various modifications to the processes of the present invention are possible, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
For example it is within the scope of the present invention that the welding rod with resistive wire could further be coated with an additional layer of thermoplastic material where a second layer of thermoplastic material in the weld would be desirable. -~

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Claims (5)

1. A welding rod for use in a process wherein two members formed of a thermoplastic material are welded, said welding rod comprising a solid homogenous core of said thermoplastic material and an electrical winding on said core, said winding comprising a plurality of wires, electrically connected together, and a coating of said thermoplastic material over said winding.
2. A welding rod as defined in Claim 1 wherein said electric wires are formed of nichrome or stainless steel.
3. A welding rod as in Claim 1 wherein said core is of circular cross-section.
4. A welding rod as in Claim 1 wherein said core is a rectangular cross-section.
5. Apparatus for welding adjacent members of a thermoplastic material using a welding rod comprising a resistive wire wound on a core of said thermoplastic said apparatus comprising a current source for connection to said wire, and means for pressing said adjacent members together, with said rod interpoled therebetween, and means for controlling the time and intensity of current from said source passing through said wire.
CA616584A 1987-02-11 1993-01-14 Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic Expired - Lifetime CA1325092E (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA616584A CA1325092E (en) 1987-02-11 1993-01-14 Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000529474A CA1235872A (en) 1987-02-11 1987-02-11 Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic materials
CA000565710A CA1248729A (en) 1987-02-11 1988-05-02 Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic
CA616584A CA1325092E (en) 1987-02-11 1993-01-14 Electric fusion welding of thermoplastic

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1325092E true CA1325092E (en) 1993-12-14

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
CA (1) CA1325092E (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2219850A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2010-08-25 Magna International Inc. System and method for placing a resistive implant for welding assemblies of plastic components

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2219850A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2010-08-25 Magna International Inc. System and method for placing a resistive implant for welding assemblies of plastic components
EP2219850A4 (en) * 2007-12-17 2011-04-20 Magna Int Inc System and method for placing a resistive implant for welding assemblies of plastic components
US8323444B2 (en) 2007-12-17 2012-12-04 Magna International Inc. System and method for placing a resistive implant for welding assemblies of plastic components
EP2921284A1 (en) * 2007-12-17 2015-09-23 Magna International Inc System and method for placing a resistive implant for welding assemblies of plastic components

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