CA1324725C

CA1324725C - Crop harvesting apparatus and methods

Info

Publication number: CA1324725C
Application number: CA000503984A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Wilfred Erwin Klinner
Original assignee: British Technology Group Ltd
Current assignee: BTG International Ltd
Priority date: 1986-03-13
Filing date: 1986-03-13
Publication date: 1993-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2010-11-30

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE CROP HARVESTING APPARATUS AND METHODS Apparatus for harvesting crop comprises a rotor 11 mounted on a mobile frame 12 and carries a succession of transverse combs 14 each formed of an array of outwardly projecting teeth 15 transverse to the direction of movement of the apparatus through the crop. Each tooth 15 is pointed with side edges diverging away from the distal tip of the tooth. The rotor rotates in the overshot mode and the combs intrude into the crop and gather crop stems between adjacent pairs of teeth and detach grain and grain heads, or other required crop parts, by rubbing or breaking the parts free from the stems. The junction of adjacent teeth 15 preferably has an enlarged aperture 21 to assist stripping and to allow withdrawal of stripped stems. In other arrangements the teeth may be replaced by a brush-like structure or by rods or other crop engaging elements, backed by plain transverse ribs for collecting and conveying detached crop parts.

Description

132472~

CROP HARVESTING APPARATUS AND METHODS
The present invention relates to apparatus for, and methods of, harvesting crop. The invention is concerned with detaching from the stems or other plant S parts of standing crop, seeds, seed-bearing parts, leaves, twigs, flowers, or other predetermined reguired ~ -portion of the crop, collecting the required portion, ; and leaving the remaining stripped parts of the crop standing in the field. The invention has particular but not exclusive application in the harvesting of grain crops, such as wheat, oats, barley, and rice.
The invention also has application in the stripping of leaves, young shoots, and sometimes blossom from crops.
Examples include lucerne (alfalfa) leaves for protein production, and the leaves and flowers of herbs and . .
other crops used for the extraction of essential oil~
and other constituents~
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved apparatus for and methods of stripping required parts from a standing crop, usually the most : .
valuable parts of the crop, namely the seed, leaves, and/or flower3. It is an ob~oct of the invention to overcome many of the dis~advantages of known harvesting methods and devices, and to simplify, hasten and make .~- . .
less expensive the harvesting process. It ls a further object to make less weather d-pendent the disposal or , .
- , ~
.

13~7 2~ :

harvesting of the remaining crop which is left standing ::
in the field.
According to the present invention in a broad aspect, there i5 provided apparatus for harvesting crop .-05 comprisinq: a mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable support means mounted for driven .
movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; guide means co-operating 10 with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow .-:
passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly.and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to ^.
~ . . . .
~:detach from standing crop predetermined required parts ~15 of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along ¦ tbe crop flow passage.
The invention encompasses apparatus for detaching :~
fro~ the stems or other plant parts of standing crop, :~ seed~, seed-bearing parts, leaves, twigs,~flowers -.~:
20 and/or other predetermined required parts of the crop, -.by rubbing and/or breaking and/or tearing the parts from the stems.
By the term standing crop is meant crop in the field before any harvesting operation has been carried 25 out on it, for example before any cutting operation, `.
and the term standing crop includes crop which may be .;-~, , .
j;~ '-.',"

132~72~

laid, leaning, or twisted, as well as upright crop.
A first main aspect of the invention i8 concerned with crop stripping elements which may be provided In accordance with one preferred feature at least S some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has at least one inclined edge for detaching required crop parts from standing crop, and a transverse surface for impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage. .~
Preferably the said inclined edge is inclined to a : - .

normal to the moveable support means at an angle greater than 7~-, more preferably at an angle greater than 10- and mo~t preferably at an angle in the range 12~ to 22~. Conveniently the angle is about 15D.
In accordance with another preferred feature at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop ~ stripping elements each of which has a narrow tip for - entering into and dividing crop, and has side edges for detaching the required crop parts, the said side edges 20 diverging from each other in a direction away from the ~ :
distal tip of the element. ~
~ Preferably the said side edges diverge from each --;~ other over at least a quarter of the crop engaging .
length of the element, more preferably over at least a third of the crop engaging length of the element, and : most preferably over a major proportion of the crop ,~ .
~ ' ' '` "

~32~725 engaging length of the element.
Preferably the said side edges diverge from each other away from the distal tip of the element at a total included angle greater than 15. Conveniently :~
S the angle lies in the range 20 to 70, more preferably ~-in the range 25- to S0, and most preferably in the ~ :
range 25- to 45. Conveniently the angle is about 30-. :
Preferably the diverging side edges diverge . . .
substantially on either side of a normal to the ~:
moveable support means.
It is preferred that each crop stripping element has a tran~verse, substantially planar surface between the ~aid diverging side edge~, for impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage. :-~ lS The elements may be of varylng shapes which will - be set out hereinafter, but it is preferred particularly that the distal tip region of each crop :-stripping element i8 pointed with tha distal side edgec diverging from the apex of the element, preferably the 20 distal tip region having a transverse, substantially ~ .
~: planar leading surface.
In accordance with one preferred feature of the ;
- invention in the aspects set out above there are provided on side edges of the crop stripping elements, and/or at the junction of adjacent crop stripping elements, relief spaces for detaching crop parts by the :~

~'.''~' 132472~

effect of edges of the spaces and for allowing stripped remaining crop parts to be released from the elements.
For example the crop stripping elements may be ~ formed by the teeth of a series of transverse combs 5, 05 mounted on the support means transverse to the direction of movement of the support means, there being j provided at the junction of adjaccnt side edges of 3 adjacent teeth on a comb an aperture allowing stripped stems to be rel5~ased from the comb, the said aperture 10 having side edges adapted to strip the required parts from the crop stem3.
As a general feature, in some forms the crop enqaging elements may be arranged on the moveable support means in rows transverse to the general 15 direction of crop movement of the apparatus, and the spacing between distal tips of adjacent elements along ~ .
~ a row may be made substantially greater than the 3~ narrowest distance between the two adiacent elements.
~ For example the spacing between distal tips of adjacent s;
20 elements along a row may be greater than three times the minimum distance between the two adjacent ~-eloments.
It is preferred that each element is a transverse ~ element having an overall width transverse to the ;
J ~ 25 direction of movement of the element which is greater 3~ than its depth along the direction of movement.

: : :

:
132~72~ -Preferably each element is a substantially planar element having a principal plane transverse to the direction of movement of the element by the support ~. .
means. In many preferred forms, each element has a -.
05 portion at or in the region of its base which is narrower than the widest part of the crop engaging portion of the element.
A number of preferred and optional features have been set out, in accordance with a first aspect of the `:
invention. In accordance with one particularly preferred combination of such features, there may be :
provided apparatus for harvesting crop comprising: a ¦ mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable 1 support means mounted for driven movement relative to ¦ 15 the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop ¦ engaging elements mounted on the moveable support :
~ means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging I elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means ¦ for driving the moveable support means to carry the ~ 20 elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of ¦ the apparatus so as to detach from standing crop I predetermined required parts of the crop and to move :: -~ the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in j wbich at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has a narrow tip for entering into and dividing crop and has ," ';;.

~ " , ~ " } ' ~

~`
132~25 side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element over at least a substantial portion of the crop engaging length of the element for detaching crop parts from standing crop, 05 the leading crop engaging surface of each crop stripping element between its diverging edges being a transverse, substantially planar, surface for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; the crop stripping elements being mounted in a position : :
such as to engage crop unsupported by other components of the apparatus, and being driven in movement in such a manner that detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving crop stripping : ::
slements: the crop flow passage having at its intake :~
region a horizontal clearance from the distal tips of the crop stripping elements of at least the effective ~:~ pitch of the crop ~tripping elements. The features set out in this combinat$on may be present separately in some forms of the invention. ~ ::
A preferred range ~or the horizontal clearance at the intake region of the crop flow passage i8 that the clearance i8 at least equal to the effective pitch of ~:
~: the crop stripping elements and is no greater than half the diameter of the peripheral path of the element tips ::
25 where the elements are moved on a rotor or around a ~ :
pulley set or like guide of a conveyor, the clearance : :

3~32~725 , .

beinq sufficient to allow detached crop parts to enter ¦ the crop flow passage but not so great as to allow loss of detached crop parts.
By a transverse, substantially planar surface is 05 meant a surface which lies substantially in a plane which extends principally transverse to the direction of movement of the element. The plane of the surface may conveniently be substantially flat, but in some arrangements may be curved, preferably slightly 10 Concave- r By the effective pitch of the crop stripping -.
elments is meant the pitch of elements which are transversely adjacent to each other as the elements are presented to the crop by movement of the moveable ~ ~ -- 15 support means, whether the adjacent elements are presented in single rows transverse to the movement, or whe~her effectively adjacent elements are positioned as offsat elements in succeeding rows presented to the crop.
In accordance with a second main aspect of the present invéntion, there is provided apparatus for ~ -harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable support means mounted for ~;
driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on ¦~ the moveable support m-ans; guide means co-operating 132~725 with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at 2 front region of the apparatus so as to 05 detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in which at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements having relief spaces on ciide edges of the elements, and/or at the junction of adjacent elements.
¦ In one preferred form of such an arrangement, the ~ relief spaces are arranged for allowing stripped stems I or other remaining crop parts to be released from the elements, and/or for providing edges of the elements adapted to strip required parts of the crop.
In accordance with a preferred feature it may be provided that at Ieast some of the relief spaces are def$ned by re-entrant edges of the elements adapted to ;~ strip crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of movement of the apparatus.
~ In accordance wlth another preferred feature it ¦~ may be provided that the crop stripping elements are I mounted in rows transiverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, succeeding rows of crop stripping elements being slanted in opposite directions -.
132472~

-- 1 o so that co-operation between succeeding rows of oppositely slanted elements forms funnel-shaped intake ¦ regions, followed inwardly by relief spaces.
¦ In some arrangements it may be provided generally ! 05 in accordance with the invention that crop stripping .-.
element~ are mounted in rows transverse to the ¦ direction of movement of the moveable support means, elements in succeeding rows being substantially aligned with each other along the direction of movement of the 10 moveable support means, crop being gathered between ~ :
elements which are adjacent to each other along a row. -.:
In other arrangemen~s it may be provided generally in accordance with the invention that the crop stripping elements are mounted in rows transverse to , .

15 the direction of movement of the moveable support -:~:
: :
means, elements in succoeding rows being offset from .
~;~each other transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, the elements in each row being spaced apart in such a manner that crop is gathered between elements which are effectively :~adjacent to one another in presen~ation to the crop, but are positioned in succeeding rows.
In accordance with a third main aspect of the present invention, there i8 provided apparatus for : ~
-~25 harvesting crop comprlsing: a mobile frame for movement ~over the ground; moveable support means mounted for ::

1324725 ~

driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow 05 passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in which the outwardly projecting crop engaging elements vary in shape and/or size and/or inclination.
In one example, the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements arranged on the mobile 15 support means in rows transveræe to the direction of ~-movement of the moveable support means, the profile of each row being shaped to provide portions projecting outwardly to greater and lesser extents.
In some examples, the lengths of the elements may be varied to provide serrations in the overall profile of the slements transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means for the purpose of stripping crop by the effect of the sides of the ~serrations. In such an arrangement the crop engaging ¦25 elements may be filaments, e.g. bristles, of a brush.
Thus a brush rotor may be used for crop stripping, such .
1 ' :" :
~32~72~
. .

a brush having transverse rows of brush filaments, profiled by varying the length of the filaments to form in effect serrated combs.
In other examples, some of the outwardly extending 05 crop engaging elements extend outwardly from the ;~
moveable support means to a greater extent than others, the longer elements being arranged for disentangling, lifting and/or orientating crop and shorter elements for effecting crop stripping. ;
In yet another example, the crop engaging elements ~ -may include crop stripping elements mounted on the ~-support means in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the support means, there being provided along the moveable support means between succeeding rows, or groups of rows, o crop stripping elements, outstanding transverse substantially plain ribs acting ~`~ to limit the depth of intrusion of the crop between stripping elemants, and/or acting to collect and convey crop parts stripped by the outwardly projecting crop 20 engaging elements. This arrangemont is particularly :
` applicable where the crop stripping elements comprise filaments forming brushes, or comprise outwardly directed rods. -~-In a yet further example, the elements may comprise stripping elements mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support ~ -;

~3~72~

means, the elements consisting of elongate fingers slanted to one side, succeeding rows of elements being slanted optionally in opposite directions so that co-operation between succeeding rows of oppositely 05 slanted elements effects crop stripping, preferably the co-operation between succeeding rows forming funnel-shaped intake regions, followed inwardly by :.
relief spaces.

In accordance with another feature of this aspect 10 of the present invention, it may be provided that the :

elements comprise crop stripping elements mounted in :

. rows transverse to the direction of movement of the :

f moveable support means, the elements being moveable ~ relative to each other transversely and being 1 15 secureable in selected positions so as to vary the ~ profiIe of the elements presented to crop for stripping ': different forms of crop. ~.

Those features and aspects of the present ~ invention which have been set out above are concerned :

i~ 20 mainly with the shape and operation of crop stripping ;-~ elements, and there will now be set out a number of : :-.~: advantages and features in this connection.
~ . . .
.~ Although it iæ preferred that the crop engaging elements for stripping the crop are generally planar 25 elements having a principal plane transverse to the ::-direction of movement of the elements, such planar ~-''~; ~,.,"

, ',:~. -''-~:

''i,~ f ~ '. '.'.f "' ' ' " ~ ' ' '.. i ;' ', . ., ~ ~ . ~ , i ~ ~,, ~ . , , . ~ . , ' A "

~32~2~

elements may be variously shaped along the crop engaging edges for example by being scalloped, notched or otherwise recessed, to increase the rubbing effect.
Crop stripping elements may consist of arrays of 05 generally triangular teeth, each tooth being bent longitudinally or rolled transversely or having its edges rolled or bent forwards on the crop engaging surface, in order to scoop detached seed or crop particles, to minimise losses.
It is particularly preferred that the crop stripping elements are fonmed by teeth of a comb comprising a planar transverse rib of solid material shaped to provide the teeth. Conveniently the crop stripping elements are formed of synthetic plastics material, but they may be made of metal or other materials of adequate strength and wear resistance.
The elements may comprise arrays of pointed, generally triangular teeth at the root of which are ~ ~, formed elongate straight or slanted recesses, to increase the duration and extent of the work done by the elements on the crop. There may also be provided circular, square, trapezoidal or other shapes of relief apertures wider than~the narrowest part of each recess between palrs of teeth, to enable seed heads, stems, tillers or branches to received all-round treatment, r~ ~ and after being strlpped, to withdraw from the , ', .

-i32~72~

stripping space without interfering with incoming crop.
In general it is preferred that transverse arrays of crop stripping elements are arranged along the crop conveying means so that tips of successive rows follow 05 the same path, but this is not essential and elements may be variously staggered from row to row in some arrangements, for example being displaced laterally by half the tooth pitch. -As has been mentioned the crop engaging elements may comprise a succession of transverse rows of outwardly projecting crop stripping elements and a ¦ succession of tran~verse, substantially plain ribs, the ribs and rows of elements being alternated, with the ribs following relatively closely behind the rows of c 15 ,3tripping elements. The ribs collect and impel the ~
required parts of the crop detached by the immediately ~ -preceding row of crop stripping elements, and limit the lngress of crop being treated into the stripping ~;~
~ space.
'~ 2~ The use of a plain rib behind a row of crop :~ :
stripping elements has application for a number of different kinds of crop engaging elements, but has particular application where the crop enga~ing elements consi~t of outwaidly directed brush tufts, brush filaments, or rods, whether circular or of rectangular or curved cross section. In such cases, the rows of ~ ~
: ' '~ .-:

. - ~

1~:2:~ 2~

crop engaging elements act to dislodge the required portion~ of the crop, and these are caught and conveyed by the following plain rib. Conveniently the spacing of the rows of elements and the ribs may be such that 05 there is a lesser space between each row of crop engaging elements and the following plain rib, than there is between that plain rib and the next following transverse row of crop engaging elements.
Considering the invention in general, it is to be 10 appreciated that the actual process of stripping will involve contact of different parts of the stripping elements with the crop at different times as the f apparatus moves forwardly into the crop during the upward movement of the elements. Preferably the 15 elements are shaped so that a progressive stripping action takes place as the machine moves forwardly and elements intrude to a greater extent into the crop The provision of a relief space or aperture at the 1:
~-~ junction of each pair of adjacent stripping elements ~; 20 may be made for detaching the required parts of the crop by engagement of the crop with the edges of an aperture at the junction of each pair of adjacent elements, and for the different, or additional, purpose of assisting release of crop from the elements after 2S stripping. It i~ one particular preferred feature of ;~ the lnvention that such a relief space or aperture can !----- .

13~ 25 be defined by a re-entrant edge and can assist in stripping required parts of the crop from the forward facing part of the stems which may not normally be engaged by the side edges of the elements.
S Conveniently the said moveable support means comprises either a rotor or a conveyor belt or similar endless elongate conveying means for moving the crop engaging elements along a path including the required ~
portion moving upwardly and rearwardly at the front - -region of the apparatus.
Where the crop engaging elements are arranged in transverse arrays, each transverse array of elements will normally be arranged at right angles to ~he ~ direction of forward travel of the apparatus, for ; 15 example the arrays of outwardly projecting elements may lie in radial planes of a rotor passing through the axis of rotation of the rotor. However in other ; arrangements the transver~e arrays of crop engaging elements may lie across the direction of forward travel o~ the apparatus, but at an angle thereto, and the arrays may of course be rectilinear or curved. For , exæmple transver~e array8 of elements may be formed as ~ -helical formations formed around and along the axis of a rotor. Such helical arrays may provi~e a more 25 ag4ressive crop stripping action. -~-Although the variou~ features set out may be -'~
, .: ~ .:

~ 32~72~

combined in different arrangements, there are two main convenient forms. In one main form there are provided brushes, filaments, rods or the like which di~lodge the required portions of crop such as seeds, and are 05 followed by plain ribs or paddles which collect and transport the dislodged material. In the other form, the material is dislodged by a succession of transverse combs each bearing tapered teeth which both remove the required portions of the crop, and also effect at least 10 part of the catching and conveying of the di~lodged material.
Where bru~hes are provided, they may be in the form of transverse rows of spaced apart brush tufts, or may be in the form of continuous transverse banks of 15 brush elementS-Conveniently crop stripping elements may be arranged in groups joined integrally together, and may be provided with means for easily detaching the groups ~ -for example by snapping the elements onto fasteners ~4~: 20 left in situ on the moveable crop support means.
As has been mentioned, arrays of crop stripping elements may be provided in which there are at intervals longer, protruding elements, to disentangle, ~ loosen, lift and/or orientate crop which would 7 25 otherwise be unfavourably presented. In some ~ arrangements, such longer elements may be mounted , ~3 ~, 132~725 between adjacent rows of stripping elements at intervals along the moveable crop support means, 80 that they protruda and engage unfavourably presented crop in advance of closely spaced arrays of stripping S elements, the longer elements optionally being held in I their normal operating position by resilient biassing L means, to protect them against ground contact or ¦ atypical loads. Optionally, the longer elements between adjacent rows of stripping elements may be 10 mounted on a common transverse member so secured that the elements may be pivotted and locked in alternative ~ angular positions, or may be fully reclined.
3 When the ~tripping elements in successive arrays are aligned along the direction of movement of the 15 support means, this is particularly suitable for ~ ~ -detaching, for example, seeds from the ends of stems, ~ and for defoliating plants. Relief recesses (where 7I provided) between laterally adjacent elements should, -~; in such cases, preferably be symmetrical. If alternate 3 20 arrays of elements are laterally offset by half the -~-element pitch, then a lateral shaking action is ~- imparted to the crop, and this will result in more plant material becoming detached. If rellef recesses -;
are slanted to one side at the bases thereof, this results in an evan more severe action, and may be used '! ~ to break off the ends of plants or branches of shrubs 132A72~

and the like.
According to the invention in a fourth main aspect there is provided apparatus for harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the 05 ground; moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on ¦ the movieable support means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus ss as to -detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in which the said moveable support means comprises an endless conveyor having an upper run reclined relative to the vertical, the crop engaging elements pro~ecting outwardly from the conveyor.
Preferably the conveyor has a support surface between the crop engaging elements for catching crop -parts detached by the crop engaging elements.
Preferably the said upper run of the conveyor includes at least one change of inclination relative to ~ -the vertical.

Conveniently the said endless conveyor is ' ': ' .

: ' ' 132472~

entrained about more than two sets of pulleys or like guides, at least one pulley ~et being included in the said upper run between the beginning and end of the uppar run, 80 as to provlde the said change of 05 inclination to the vertical.
I In preferred forms of this aspect of the invention, it is an advantage that the portion of the conveyor belt in contact with the crop is reclined relative to the direction of travel, 80 that free crop parts which tend to fall down are recovered by the support surface. As an important feature the tip speed of the stripping elements varies during movement of the conveyor around three sets of pulleys or like guides, `
to give high-speed intrusion into standing crop or ~-stripping of low seeds and foliage; followed by a reduced-speed combing action; followed by higher-speed stripping of upper ~eed or foliage; followed by a ~-reduced-speed conveying action; followed by a ^-high-~peed impelling of stripped material at the end of the conveyor upper run. The use of the conveyor system allow~ small diameter tip paths around the pulley~ to J be used without running the risk of wrapping, a may 3~ occur if a stripping rotor has too small a diameter in relation to the length and condition of the crop.
There will now be set out a fifth main aspect of the invention, which may be regarded as an alternative f ' ' ':
!~

.j :

-~32~72~ ~ ~

to the immediately preceding aspect of the invention.
In accordance with this further main aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the 05 ground; moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and !~ rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to ::~
I detach from standing crop predeterminad required parts `
of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along :-15 the crop flow passage; in which the moveable support ~
:
means comprises a first rotor and there i8 provided a second rotor positioned with its axis of rotation at a higher level than the axis of rotation of the first rotor, the drive means being arranged to drive the ~; 20 rotors in rotation about substantially horizontal axes and in the ~ame sense of rotation, the upper rotor being positioned so as to collect crop from the lower ~-rotor and to carry the detached crop parts upwardly and rearwardly over the upper rotor.
Preferably it is arranged that the upper rotor is ~: pos~tioned so that no part of the upper rotor protrudes .

132~725 direction of movement upwardly and rearwardly of the -- .
crop engaging elements, or which is an idling roller. .
Such a roller may also act as a height limiting roller to prevent damage to the crop engaging elements by S striking the ground.
In accordance with a seventh main aspect of the invention there is provided apparatus for harvesting . -crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable support means mounted for driven :
10 movement relative to the frame; a plurality of .~.
outwardly projecting.crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; gulde means co-operating ¦ with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow ¦ passage; and drive means for driving the moveable ~:
support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus 80 as to detach from standing crop predetermined required part~
of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in which there is provided a ~; 20 crop flow modifying device for forcing detached crop part~ into contact with the said crop engaging ~:
,~ elements, the crop flow modifying means being `~ stationary relative to the frame in normal operation and having projections which project into the crop :.
toward~ the crop engaging elements of the moveable crop ~upport means in a region through which detached crop --~- ': ' .: , .
, ~''.:,:

~ à ~,~

r~

-132472~

t counteract the tensile forces applied to plant stems by the stripping elements, and to re-introduce plant part~
(which have not left the rotor envelope in time to be collected) into the crop in front of the rotor for 05 sub8equent recovery.
Conveniently there may be provided in the lower quarter of a crop stripping rotor according to the invention (i.e. behind, to slightly in front of, f bottom-dead-centre), a freely rotating rotor, or lO counter driven plain, fluted, ribbed, corrugated or t otherwise suitable profile roller, to counteract the tensile forcec applied to the crop by the stripping elements.
In ano~her arrangement thore may be provided under 15 the lower rear quarter of a crop stripping rotor embodying the invention, forwardly projecting rollers on hoight-adjustable and optionally spring-loaded arms, to prevent ground contact by the rotor, to help --¦~ counteract the tensile forces applied to the crop by i~
20 the strlpping elements, and/or to press down the crop reqidue.
;~ The means for reducing uprooting of crop may f comprise a downturned lip at the front of a concave plate under the support means on which the elements are 25 mounted, or may comprise a further rotor or roller -which conveniently is driven in counter-rotation to the '. .

1~2472~ ~

the moveable support means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and --05 rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to -detach from the stems of standing crop predetermined ^
required parts of the crop; in which there are provided crop control means for holding down and/or urging rearwardly the lower parts of the crop being stripped, 0 90 as to reduce the risk of uprooting of crop during stripping, e.g, in ~oft ground conditions. -The said crop control means may comprise a ~ horizontal roller positioned under the moveable crop ¦~ support means, and rotated in such a direction that the -~
~ 15 lower part of the roller moves in the opposite ¦ direction to the direction of movement of the crop engaging elements.
Alternatively or in addition the said crop control means may comprise a member at the rear of ths elements ~ 20 extending under the elements sufficiently to contact ¦~ the lower parts of standing crop being stripped by the said crop engaging elements. -l~ In some arrangements, there may be provided a ¦~ close-fitting adjustable plate at the lower rear of the 1 25 moveable crop support means, when this comprises a ¦ rotor, to minimise the risk of ground contact, to r~
132D~72 forward of a vertical plane passing through the front-dead-centre of the lower rotor. It is also ~:
preferred that the outer peripheries of the two rotor~
overlap, crop engaging elements on one rotor 05 intermeshing with crop engaging elements on the other rotor without contact between the two. This aspect of the invention has particular application where the lower rotor is of smaller diameter than the upper rotor, the lower rotor having crop engaging elements adapted to mainly for detaching crop parts, and the upper rotor being provided with crop engaging elements -;~ adapted at least mainly for conveying crop.
I In this aspect of the invention it is possible to ¦ obtain the advantage of a relatively small diameter, ::
.. lS lower, stripping rotor, which presents the elements :~ well to the crop, and to prevent wrapping by the effect of the second, higher rotor. The lower rotor may be of small diameter to impel stripped crop :~
~ particles into favourable, upwardly directed ¦:~ 20 trajectories for positive recovery.
:~ In accordance with a sixth main aspect of the present i~nvention there i8 provided apparatus for ~:
¦~ harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement ~ over the ground; moveable support means mounted for :~
¦~ 25 driven~movement relative to the frame; a plurality of ~ . outwardly projecting crop en~aging eloment~ mounted on 1~, .

, . . .

':

parts are conveyed by the crop enqaging elementæ, the projection~ of the crop flow modifying device extending sufficiently to overlap the outer periphery of the moving elements and to intermesh with the moving 05 elements without contact with the moving elements.
In one preferred form the crop flow modifying means comprises a transver e planar member having a principal plane transverse ~o the crop flow and having serrations which provide the said projections. ~ ~.
In another preferred form, the said projections on the crop flow modifying device are planar fins having the principal planes thereof lying substantially along the direction of crop flow In accordance with an eighth main aspect of the .~ -15 invention, there is provided apparatus for harvesting -.. :
. .
~ crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the ! ground; moveable support means mounted for driven - :
¦ movement relative to the frame; a plurality of ¦ outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on ~:
} 20 the moveable support means; guide mean co-operating ~- wlth the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly and rear~ardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to 25 detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along ,~ , ~ .

.

-:

~32472~

- 2~ -the crop flow passage in which the guide means comprises a cover extending around at least part of the region at which the crop engaging elements move upwardly and rearwardly, and one or more driven or 05 freely rotating rollers at the intake region of the crop flow passage.
In a preferred form, there may be included an adjustable housing extending around at least part of the roller or rollers for adjusting the amount of 10 interaction of the roller or rollers with standing ~:
crop.
Thus there may be provided under the edge of a -~
hood or covsr over a crop stripping rotor embodying the invention, a freely rotating rotor, or undershot driven :
roller, optionally ribbed, fluted, dimpled, or otherwi~e profiled or provided with small curved or straight tine~ or teeth, to counteract in undriven form the t~nsile forces applied by the ~tripping rotor to crop lying or leaning towards the rotor. When driven, :~ 20 such a roller acts to loo~en or lift unfavourably presented crop before lt make~ contact with the rotor in addition to directing into the crop flow passage particles which are thrown towards it by the stripping combs. Instead of the single roller or rotor at this ~-position, there may be provided below the leading edge ;~ ~ o the front rotor cover a primary and a secondary crop i - 29 -control rotor to serve the purposes given above, the secondary rotor providing a stripping function for the primary rotor.
In accordance with a ninth main aspect of the 05 present invention, there is provided apparatus for harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable support means mounted for driven movemen~ relative to the frame; a plurality of ~ outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on .l 10 the moveable support means; guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow pacsage; and drive means for driving the moveable :~ -support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to detach from ~tanding crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage; in which there are provided means for producing a forced air flow for positioning crop before 8tripping and/or for directing the stream 20 of detached crop parts and/or separatinq the detached :
crop parts into selected different fractions.
The forced air flow mean~ may comprise a plenum or manifold supplied with pressurised air and being formed ., .
- on the front of a hood or cover extending around at least part of the region in which the elements are moved upwardly and rearwardly by the moveable support i ..

132~725 means; and/or a plenum or manifold supplied with pressurised air and being formed with an adjustable outlet allowing the forced air flow to be directed in a -variable selected direction; and/or a plenum or 05 manifold suppliied with pressurised air and being formed inside a rotary or otherwise moving component of the ~: :
apparatus with means for directing a forced air flow in a selected direction outwardly from the inside of the .
moving component.
The forced air stream may be used to assist in feeding the crop into a crop stripping rotor and/or to ! convey the stripped material through a crop flow ::
~; pasisage. The air stream may be directed selectively to perform different purposes, for example to enable crop . 15 leaning or laid away from the machine to be lifted, or ¦ crop particles detached by the apparatus to be asisisted :-along a crop passage. :~ -I In accordance with a tenth main aspect of the ,~ preisent invention, there may be provided apparatus for ~ .
20 harvesting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement ::
. over the ground; moveable support means mounted for ,~: driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; guide means co-operating ~: .
with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable 1324725 :

support means to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus 80 as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along S the crop flow passage; in which there are provided means for separating the detached parts of the crop ;~
into selected, different fractions.
The separating means may comprise a separating screen against which the crop is propalled, the screen having spaces through which smaller parts of the crop pass, larger parts of the detached crop being deflected by the screen, and/or by means of a rotary device against which the detached crop i8 propelled in such a ¦ manner that different fractions of the detached crop ~-15 are directed differently by the rotary device. ;~;
l~ The separat$ng means may be arranged 80 that the ¦~ detached parts of the crop are propelled against the ! screen or rotary device by the moving crop engaging elements on the moveable ~upport means.
It may be arranged that the said screen directs ¦ the larger fraction of the detached crop parts to means ¦ for rubbing, rethreshing or comminuting the crop ¦ parts.
It may also be arranged that the rotary device ¦ 25 comprises a forwardly rotating transverse auger, the ¦~ detached crop being directed towards the ' 132~725 top-dead-centre position of the auger so that different fractions of the detached crop are directed differently by the auger. In this way the short heavy fraction of stripped material may be directed rearwardly behind the 05 auger and the bulky fraction forwardly and downwardly under the auger.
~; In accordance with an eleventh main aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for ` harve~ting crop comprising: a mobile frame for movement j 10 over the ground; moveable support means mounted for ! driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means: guide means co-operating ;~
with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support mean~ to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus 80 as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the cro~ flow passage; in which there are provided means for preventing or inhibiting escape of the ;, .
detached parts of the crop from the apparatus.
In preferred arrangements, the means for preventing or inhibiting escape of detached parts of -~
1 25 the crop may comprise a hanging check curtain of ~ -flexible material against whlch detached crop parts are : ,' ~' l : ~

f'~

1~2~725 thrown at the front or rear of the apparatus by the moving crop engaging elements on the moveable support means; and/or one or more baffles or deflectors to prevent or reduce loss of detached crop parts due to 05 ricochetting off a cover extending around the moving elements and/or due to bouncing out of a crop conveying means at the rear of the moveable support means; and/or at least one pronounced reverse step at the lower front region of a cover extending around at least part of the region in which the elements are moved upwardly and rearwardly by the moveable support means; and/or resilient lining of surfaces against which detached crop parts are thrown.
In a preferred arrangement there are provided a seriçs of reverse steps in a lower, front section of a cover or hood over a rotor, to re-direct descending crop particles back towards the stripping mechanism.
In another preferred arrangement there may be ;~ provided an angularly and/or height adjustable hollow front section attached to the lower end of a rotor cover, of minimal weight or counter-balonced to rest -and float on the crop canopy, to prevent forward splash or crop particleis and re-direct particles towards the stripping rotor. Such a protruding front section gives useful guidance on header height setting to the operator of self-propelled harvesters.
, - ' 1~247~5 In accordance with a twelth main aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for harvesting crop compri~ing: a mobile frame for movement over the ground; moveable support means mounted for 05 driven movement relative to the frame; a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means; guide means co-operating .
with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable 10 support means to carry the elements upwardly and :
rearwardly at a front rsgion of the apparatus 80 as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along I the crop flow passage; in which at least some of the ¦ lS crop engaging elements comprise planar crop stripping ¦ elements having principal planes transverse to the direction of movement of the elements, the elements being resiliently mounted, and/or made of flexible ;~ -! resilient material, to prevent or inhibit damage by ~ ~
20 impact with the ground or foreign objects. -.::
In some arrangements it may be provided that the said elements are formed by the teeth of succession of transverse combs mounted on the support means and each ~
having an array of outwardly projectin~ teeth mounted ~:
in a row transverse to the direction of movement of the frame through the crop, each comb being formed of stiff ~ .''~. ' -1324725 ::

material, and being resiliently mounted to allow yielding of the comb by tipping or rocking movement rearwardly, there being provided resilient biassing means urging the comb towards its normal operating 05 position. Alternatively, each comb may be formed of material which is sufficiently stiff to perform effectively the stripping function but has adequate resilience to bend and restore in re~ponse to resilient atypical loads. Such resilience is preferable where the planar comb is forwardly inclined relative to the movement of the elements, since deflection by a resilient comb need not increase the outward extension of the element~, e.g. need not increase the diameter of ~ .
a rotor. Forwardly inclined crop stripping elements are in general often a preferred feature since these give a scooping action to detached crop parts.
There will now be set out a series of preferred and optional features of the invontion which may be used in combination with the preceding features, or which may form independent features.
~;~ It is a particularly preferred general feature that the crop engaging elements may be mounted in a position such as to engage crop unsupported by other components of the apparatus. In preferred embodiments, it may be arranged that the only components of the ~- apparatus to enter into the crop and to divide and :~
. ' . ' _., 1~2472~

gather the crop in the region at which the said crop parts are stripped from the crop, are driven moving elements which are mounted on the said moveable support means.
05 It may also be arranged as a preferred general feature that at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has at least one inclined edge for detaching required crop parts from standing crop, and a transverse surface for impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage.
It may also be arranged as a preferred general feature that at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has a narrow tip for entering into and dividing crop, and has side edges for detaching the required crop ;
parts, the said side edges diverging from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the ele~ent.
It may also be arranged as a preferred general feature that the distal ends of the crop engaging elements are pointed at the tips so as to minimise -~
disturbance of the crop.
It may also be arranged as a preferred general feature that there are provided on ~ide edges of the crop strippinq elements, and/or at the junction of adjacent crop stripping elements, relief spaces for ~, .
,.., :, . ' .

3~ 1324~25 detaching crop parts by the effect of edqes of the spaces and for allowing stripped remaining crop parts ~, to be released from the elements.
It may also be arranged as a preferred general S feature that the crop engaging elements are driven in movement in such a manner that detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving crop stripping elements. In particular it is preferred that the drive means is arranged to drive the elements at a 10 speed sufficiently high to impel the detached crop y parts along the crop flow passage and to release crop parts at the rear at least predominantly by centrifugal effect.
.
It may also be arranged as a preferred general 15 feature that the crop flow passage has at its intake region a horizontal clearance from the distal tips of the crop stripping elements of at least the effect~ve pitch of the crop stripping elements.
It is a generally preferred feature in all 20 arrangements of the invention that each element may be ' an element having an overall width transverse to the ~ -direction of movement of the element which is greater ~ than it~ thickness.
d~ It may also be arranged as a preferred general feàture that the leading crop engaging surface of each crop engaging element is a transverse, substantially ,~ ~ ' .

planar, surface for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage. It iæ also preferred that each element is a substantially planar element having a principal plane transverse to the direction of movement 05 of the element by the support means.
In general, those aspects of the invention which have been described with reference to apparatus according to the invention, may also be provided with reference to methods of harvesting in accordance with 10 the invention, and vice-versa. ;;
In particular there may be provided in accordance with ~he present invention a method of harvesting crop comprising moving through a standing crop a harvesting apparatus, moving upwardly and rearwardly at a front ~ -~- 15 region of the apparatus a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements, engaging the standing crop by the moving elements, detaching from standing crop predetermined requlred parts of the crop, conveying the detached crop parts along a crop flow 20 passagê and collecting the detached crop parts. ~-~
: -In one preferred form of the method of the :~-invention, the method lncludes the steps of entering :
into the crop narrow tips of the crop engaging elements to divide the crop, gathering crop between pairs of elements, detaching the said crop parts at least to a significant extent by the action of side edges of sach -132~725 element which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, and impelling crop along the crop flow passage by transverse substantially planar surfaces of the elements.
05 In another preferred form of the method of the invention, the method includes entering the elements into the standing crop, and detaching the said crop parts at least to a significant extent by the effect of edges of relief spaces which are provided on side edges of the elements and/or at the junction of adjacent elements, and allowing stripped remaining crop parts to be released from the elements through ~uch relief spaces.
In another preferred form of the method of the ; 15 invention, the method includes entering into the standing crop outwardly projecting crop engaging ,~ element~ which vary in shape and/or size and/or inclination, and which carry out different functions on the crop. ~-In accordance with one preferred feature of the method of the invention, the method includes the step of reducing the risk of uprooting of crop during stripping by holding down and/or urging rearwardly the lower parts of the crop being stripped.
2s It is~a feature of the present invention in one aspect that the crop engaging elements are moved at a -, ....... .
~ .

~ 324725 .
~ 40 r relatively high speed. A number of criteria can be used to establish the required high speed, for example the speed of movement of the crop engaging elements relative to the frame may be set to be greater than the 05 forward speed of movement of the frame; and/or may be set to be such as to release crop from the elements towards a collection region of the apparatus at least l predominantly by centrifugal effect; and/or may be set at a speed such as to propel the stripped material in a 10 fast moving ctream upwardly and rearwardly along the crop flow pa~sage defined between the guide means and ;~
the upwardly and rearwardly moving crop engaging ;~
elements. In preferred arrangements, the speed of movement of the outer tips of the elements relative to 15 the frame will be substantially greater than the forward speed of movement of the harvesting apparatu~
for example greater than twice the forward speed of -3~ movement of the harvesting apparatus. Preferably the ~;
tip speed of the crop engaging elements is greater than 20 5 m/s, most preferably greater than 10 m/s. The forward speed of the frame may be in a range up to -10 km/hour, preferably in the r?nge 3 to 9 km/hour.
In examples of preferred methods embodying the invention, a method of harvesting cereals may include -~
i~ 25 moving the crop engaging elements relative to the frame ~ at a speed such that the tip spesd of the elements is ' 13~72~ ~

in the range 10 to 25 m/s. In accordance with another preferred example, a method of harvesting lucerne (alfalfa) includes moving the crop en~aging elements relative to the frame at a speed such that the tip S speed of the`elements is in the range 15 to 30 m/s.
It is a general preferred feature of the present invention that the crop engaging elements may enter the crop with minimum disturbance, and move upwardly through the crop to strip the required parts of the crop without the need for the crop to be supported in an upright position by any stationary guide members projecting forwardly of the said moving crop engaging elements. It i~ to be appreciated that there may be provided in some arrangements additional ~tationary lS lifting elements for raising the crop to the moving crop engaging elements in suitable manner where the crop is laid, but there is, at least in preferred embodiments of the invention, no requirement for -~ .
stationary guide elements to hold the crop in the : 20 upright position during stripping in the vertical crop region swept by the crop stripping elements.
A~ has been mentioned, the guide means will normally con ist of or include a hood or cover over the upwardly and rearwardly moving elements. It is preferred that the said hood may be moveable either closer to or further from the crop engaging elements, .

~, . , , . . , :, : . .:, , - . .. .: . , ,: , . .:; : .. : . , , ~32~725 `

and/or around a curved path around the front of the path of movement of the elements. Where the elements are provided on a rotor, there may be provided a concave plate under the rotor, and this may also be 05 adjustable, for example about a circular path centred on the axis of the rotor.
Particular advantage is obtained if there are provided means for adjusting the overhead hood, and an adjustable concave beneath a stripping rotor, since ~ -10 together these adjustments limit the intrusion of crop -into the rotor space, and give control of the degree of ~--~- stripping and the manner of stripping the crop.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, there may be provided means for adjusting -15 the height of support means for the crop engaging ~-elements, either tosether with the height of the overhead hood, or independently of the height of the overhead hood, to allow adjustment of the height at which the crop engaging elements enter the crop and -~
20 move upwardly through the crop. ;
, The present invention has a number of applications, particularly in the harvesting of grain.
The stripped material can be collected into trailers or bulk containers for transportation to a central plant for processing. In the case of cereals and other seeds this may include completion of the threshing process :: '~
~ !,, ~ .

; ~ ' ', ''., ' ' 1~24725 ~:

and separation of the seed from material other than grain. Alternatively, particularly with cereals and other seeds, the stripped material may be fed directly into a processing machine, such as a combine harvester, 05 for immediate threshing and cleaning. At a central plant or in the field the material other than grain may -be collected loose or pressed for utilisation.
Generally, the invention finds application in the harvesting of mature seeds and grains, in the vining of peaæ and in the defoliation of annual and perennial crops as well as shrubs, incuding the non-destructive harvesting of leaves and shoots in one or repeated passes over the crop.
The present invention provides a number of advantages as a result of only the seed-bearing parts of cereal, pulse, herbage and other crops being collected for passa~e through a harvester, such as a combinc harvester. Because less unwanted material is taken in, the work rate and output of the harvester can be greatly increased, ~ometimes by a factor of two or more. ~he stxaw left standing will dry quickly after rain and can be burnt easily and completely (if it is to be disposed of in this way), with the ash becoming uniformly distributed. If the straw is to be chopped 25 for incorporation into the soil, comminution mechanisms --can be more effective with standing straw than in ;~

i -' , r--- 4~ -windrowed straw because the stems are still attached to the ground. Even distribution of the chopped material is more easily achieved. If the straw is to be harvested, it can be readily cut by a windrower, for 05 example attached to a tractor which pulls and powers the harvesting machine. If desired the straw may be cut immediately by a mowing mechanism of known design mounted behind the stripping header.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying ~ drawings in which:-¦ Pigure l(a) i8 a diagrammatic side view in section ¦ of one general form of apparatus for harvesting crop, -~-embodying the present invention;
Figure l(b) is a diagrammatic side view in section of an alternative general form of apparatus for harve3ting crop, embodying the invention;
Figure l(c) i8 a diagrammatic æide view in section -;~ of a further alternative general form of apparatus for harvesting crop, embodying the invention;
l~ Pigure 2 i~ a diagrammatic side view in section of ¦ one form of apparatus embodying the invention, ¦ particularly for stripping grain from a standing crop;
, ~ Figure 2(a) is a simplified diagrammatic side view ¦ 25 in section of a modification of the apparatus of Figure ~ 1, embodying the invention, showing adjustments which ",' '~ ' j, ~

13~72~

.
- 45 - :

may be made to the apparatus;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic side view in section of a modification of the apparatus of Pigure 1, embodying the invention, showing an op~ional device for reducing 05 the risk of uprooting of crop;
Figure 3(a) is a diagrammatic sectional view of ' alternative rotors which may be used in the apparatus of Figure l;
~ Figure 4 is a diagra~matic side view in section of ., 10 a modification of the apparatus of Figure 1, embodying the invention, including a protecting and height limiting device; --Figure 5 is a diagrammatic side view in section of a modification of the apparatus of Figure 1, embodying -the invantion, in.combination with an array of crop . lifter~; -:
~ Figure 5(a) is a diagrammatic side view in section '~
.~ of a modification of the arrangement of Figure 5 : :

illustrating al80 use of a flexible curtain at the 20 front;
~ Figure 6 is a diagrammatic side view in section of .qJ a m~dification of the apparatus of Figure 1, embodying the invention, illustrating use of a flexible curtain ~::
~ and an anti-splash wall in the region receiving 3 25 stripped parts of the crop;

Pigure 6(a) is a diagrammatic side view in section ,- -,:

-~ ~

1324725 ::

of a modification of the apparatus in Figure 1, :
embodying the invention, showing a crop feeding and support roller beneath the front edge of the rotor 1:

cover or hood of the apparatus;
S Figure 6(b) is a diagrammatic side view in section of part of the rear of the apparatus of Figure 6~a), ..
showing the replacement of the rear auger arrangement by check panels;
Figure 6(c) shows a view in the direction of the arrows C-C in Figure 6(a);
Figure 6(d) is a diagrammatic side view in section of a modification which may be made to the intake ~ region of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, embodying ¦the invention, and shows a pair of rollers at the ~ .
~lS entrance to the hood or cover of the apparatus;
¦~Pigures 7(a) to (j) show examples of different ¦forms of crop stripping teeth embodying the present .::
invention;
:Figure 8 is a perspective view from the front of : -~

20 crop harvesting apparatus embodying the invention, of ~:.
the form shown generally in Figure l(a);
Pigure 9 is a perspective view from the rear of .~.
the apparatus of Figure 8;
:~ Figure 10 i8 a perspective view of portions of 25 stripping combs shown in Figures 8 and 9; . .

Figures 11 and ll(a) are diagra~matic front and - -:. ~ ' '.. ' ' i~ . .' : ` `

132~72~

side views of an alternative form of crop engaging element embodying the invention;
Figure ll(b) shows a modification of the form of teeth along one of the combs of Figure 11;
05 Figure ll(c) is a diagrammatlc side view of part of the surface of the rotor shown in Figure ll(a), "
. showing a modification in which the effective operating angle of the longer teeth may be varied; :-Figures 12 and 12(b) show the form of teeth illustrated in Figure 7d in a sliding double-comb arrangement which allows change from single-pitch to I double-pitch operation, and Figure 12(a) is a ¦ diagrammatic side view in section of the sliding comb ¦: arrangement in Figures 12 and 12(b).
Figures 13 and 14 show examples of shapes of individual teeth which may be used in embodiments of ~ :
~ the invention;
¦ Figures 13(a) and 13(b) show two alternative cross-sect~ons of the tooth shown in Figure 13, taken 20 along the lines A-A;
Figures 14(a) and 14(b) show two alternative ,~ cross-sections of the tooth shown in Figure 14, taken : ~`
along the linex A-A;
¦ Figure 15 shows a further modified form of a comb ~ :
25 which may:be used in embodiments of the invention, and - :
Figure 15(a) shows a diagrammatic side view in ~ ~
" '` ' ' .
, ~: ' ~ 3 2 ~ 7 2 ~

- ~8 ~ :
cross-section of the comb, taken along the lines A-A in Figure 15:
I Figure 16 shows a further modified form of a comb :~
¦ which may be used in embodimen~s of the invention, and ! 05 Figure 16(a) shows a diagrammatic side view in cross-~ection of the comb taken along the lines A-A in Figure 16;
Figure 17 is a diagrammatic side view in section ~ of a modification of the rotor of Figure 1, embodying 1 10 the invention, and shows the use of a stationary crop engaging element co-operating with the elements of the -. :
rotor, and Figure 17(a) shows a view of the stationary ~: crop engaging element co-operating with a comb of the :
l ~ .
rotor, taken along the lines A-A in Figure 17; .:.
15Fiqure 18 i8~ a diagrammatic side view in section ~-of a modification of the rotor of Figure 1, embodying ~ .
the invention, and shows the use of a stationary crop ~ ..
engaging element co-operating with the elements of the ~-rotor, and Figure 18(a) shows a view of the stationary crop engaging element co-operating with a comb of the rotor, taken along the lines A-A in Figure 18;
: Figure 19 shows in diagrammatic side view a .
~ .:
. ~:~ con8iderably modified form of the apparatus shown in :~ Figure 1, embodying the invention, and illustrates the:~

;~ 25 provision of an addltional threshing rotor in front of . ~.

: and above the main crop stripping rotor;

:, -~ `h~

~32~725 Figure l9(a) shows in diagrammatic side view an alternative form of the additional threshing rotor of Figure 19;
Figure 20 is a diagrammatic side view in section 05 of a modification of the apparatus of Figure 19, embodying the invention, in which an additional grain threshing rotor is positioned to the rear of the main grain stripping rotor;
Figure 21 is a diagrammatic side view in section 10 of a further modification of the apparatus shown in ~ -Figure 1, embodying the invention, in which the main stripping rotor is preceeded by an octagonal feed roller and there is provided an additional auger for ~-~
collecting stripped crop parts, positioned to the fore .
of the main crop stripping rotor;
~ Figure 21(a) is a d$agrammatic perspective view of ¦~- part of the apparatus of Figure 21(a) taken up along : the direction of the arrow A in Figure 21;
Figure 22 is a diagrammatic side view in section 20 of a~modification of the apparatus of Figure 1, ~:
embody~ng the invention, showing a system for varying -.: .
th- positlon of the hood relative to the rotor to deal : with differing crop condltions; ~.
~:~ Figures 23 to 26 each show diagrammatic side views : .
25 in section of modifications of the apparatus of Figure ~ -1, embadying the invention, ln which there are provided . .
,r~ .

-1324725 - ~

varying forms of means for directing forced air flow into the apparatu~ for feeding crop to the stripping rotor and directing stripped crop material as reguired, and Figure 23(a) shows a front view of a series of 05 outlets which may be provided across the width of the rotor cover in connection with the forced air flow:
Figure 27 is a diagrammatic side view in section :
of a part of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, embodying .:.
the invention, and shows a feed-assisting roller at the front lower edge of the rotor cover, which may be j adapted to be provided in various of the embodiments j illustrated in other Figures, a~ an alternative form of directing forced air flow as set out in Figures 24 to 26;
Figure 28 shows a diagrammatic side view in : :
section of a modified form of the apparatus of Figure ¦ 1, embodying the invention, showing provision of an air duct positioned within the main stripping rotor; ::
~ Figure 29 shows in diagrammatic side view, partly 1 20 in section, a harvesting apparatus embodying the invention and generally in the form of a conventional combine harvester in which a stripping apparatus embodying the invention replaces the conventional -I
cutting table of the combine harvester;

Figure 30 is an outline front view of a stripping apparatus embodying the invention, delivering detached , .
,,", .

132~72~

material onto a transverse belt conveyor and then onto a cleated-belt elevator for delivery into a bulk trailer;
Figure 31 is an outline plan view of the apparatus 05 8hown in Figure 30;

Figure 32 is an outline side view, partly in section, of the stripper harvester shown in Figure 30;
Figures 33(a) and 33(b) show respectively a ~ .
diagrammatic side view partly in section and a diagrammatic plan view, of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, embodying the invention, in which there is provided to the rear of the main stripping rotor various crop directing and arresting ¦ and transverse and longitudinal crop conveying meansi lS Figures 34(a) and 34(b) show respectively a ::

¦ diagrammatic side view partly in section and a diagrammatic plan view, of a further modification of the apparatus shown in Figure l, embodying the inv~ntion, in which there are provided to the rear of ::
the main stripping rotor various crop directing and arre~ting and tran-verse and longitudinal crop ~ conveying meanss :
¦~ Figure 35 i8 a diagrammatic side view in section ¦: of a modification of the crop collecting arrangements - ~ .
8hown in ~igure 34 (a):

Figure 36 is a diagrammatic side view in section ~ :

r~

132472~

of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure l(b), embodying the invention, in which a preferred form of stripping conveyor is shown;
Figure 37 is a diagrammatic side view in section S of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure l(c) embodying the invention, in which a preferred form of two-rotor stripping arrangement is shown; and Figures 38(a) to (d) show various forms of crop engaging elements which may be used in the apparatus of Figure 37, and show views along the direction of arrows A-A in Figure 37.
Throughout this specification, corresponding component~ of the various arrangements shown are indicated by like reference numerals. For simplicity, lS the functions and inter-relationships between the ~ -various components are not described in connection with each figure when these have been described previously.
It is particularly to be appreciated that where corresponding components have like reference numerals, the appropriate de~cription applies equally each time those elements are referred to.
Referring first to Figure l~a) there is shown in diagrammatic side view the generalised layout of an embodiment of the present invention for harvesting crop. The apparatus comprises a mobile frame for movement over the ground, indicated generally at 12.

:
; 132472~

Mounted on the frame 12 is a moveable support means 5 which in the example shown is a rotor 11, although , other support means may be used such as a conveyor belt.
05 Mounted on the rotor 11 are a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements lS, which may take a number of forms in accordance with the ~-invention, as has been described hereinbefore or will be described hereinafter.
The rotor 11 is driven by drive means indicated ,' diagrammatically at 10 which may conveniently comprise ~, a gear box and power train driven by a tractor, or , ,' ~' other power source 3uch as the engine of a combine ,ji harvester. The rotor 11 is driven in the so-calIed l 15 overshot mode 80 that the crop engaging elements 15 are i .
moved in an upward direction at the front of the ~ apparatus. There are provided guide means 4 t~ co-operating with the crop engaging elements lS to form ', ~, t,~ a crop flow passage 33. In the example shown, the t,~ 20 guide means 4 are constituted by a hood or cover 18 ~ -' which etxtends around at least part of the front half of the rotor and defines with the rotor elements 15 the i crop flow passage 33 along which crop i conveyed by ~, the rotor. The hood or cover 18 prevents forward ;~, 2S projection of parts of the crop detached by the rotor t~

1324725 ~

- 5~ -In operation, rotation of the rotor 11 moves the ¦ crop engaging elements 15 so that the distal tips of the elements enter the crop with minimum disturbance of the stem~ 19 of the crop. The elements 15 then move 05 upwardly through the crop, gathering one or more crop stems. As the elements 15 reach the upper parts of the crop the required parts to be detached are detached by rubbing and/or breaking and/or tearing the part~ from the stems.

After the detachment, the required crop parts are conveyed upwardly and rearwardly over the rotor 11, and pass to crop conveying means indicated generally at 9, and posieioned withln a collecting trough 28 having a front wall 29 in close proximity to the rear of the ;~ 15 rotor 11. Usually the crop transfer means 9 will include means for transferring crop laterally, :~
indicated diagrammatically at 8, and means for ; conveyinq the crop rearwardly, indicated diagrammatically at 7. Conveniently the transverse crop transfer means 8 may be an auger, but may alternatlvely be a transverse conveyor belt.

Conveniently the rearward crop transfer means 7 may be , a conveyor, for example a slatted chain conveyor, ;
although other means may be~provided.
In Figure l(b) there is shown in diagrammatic side view the generalised layout of an alternative ~ -~ ., embodiment of the present invention, also for harvesting crop. The apparatus again comprises a mobile frame 12 for movement over the ground, and mounted on the frame 12 is a moveable support means 5 05 carrying a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements 15, which may take a number of forms -.
I in accordance with the invention, as has been described hereinbefore or will be described hereinafter. Except for the moveable support means 5, the other components of the apparatus of Figure 1 correspond generally to those shown in Figure l(a), and in general the description given with regard to Figure l(a) appliec also to Figure l(b).

i The moveable 8upport mean8 5 in the apparatus of lS Figure l(b) comprises a conveyor 2 mounted for movement around two sets of pulleys or other guides 3 and 3A.
The elements 15 are mounted on the conveyor 2, which is ~::
driven by drive means indicated generally at 10, in a ! direction such that the elements 15 move upwardly and :
rearwardly at the front of the apparatus. An example of this form of the invention will be descr$bed in more -;
detail hereinafter with reference to Figure 36.
In Figure l(c) there is shown in diagrammatic side . .
view the generalised layout of a yet further 25 alternative general form of the present invention for ~--.

'':
. :
.~
. ,, 132~72~ :
- 56 - :.
harvesting crop. Again, in general the components shown in Figure l(c) correspond to those ~hown in Figures l(a) and l(b), the only difference being in the form of a moveable support means S which is provided.
05 Again, the description which has been provided with ¦ regard to Figure l(a~ is in general applicable also to the apparatus of Figure l(c).
In Figure l(c) the moveable support means 5 is provided by a rotor 11 of smaller diameter than that shown in Figure l(a), and this rotor operates in close co-operation with a second rotor 6 (in the example a 1~- conveying drum), which is provided to the rear of and ! above the stripping rotor 11. The second rotor 6 ~:
carries crop conveying elements 6A (in the example 15 relatively shallow ribs extsnding across the width of :~
~.
the drum, and spaced around its circumference). In the embodiment of. Fi~ure l(c), the functions of stripping :~
and conveying which .in Figure l(a) are carried out by - the rotor 11, are divided between the rotors 11 and 6, - 20 with the rotor 11 being provided chiefly for stripping ;~
crop, and the rotor 6 being provided for conveying the crop upwardly and rearwardly over the rotor 6 to the ¦ : crop transfer means 8 at the rear of the apparatus and -: to prevent crop wrapping around the rotor 11. AQ an alternative to shallow ribs, the rotor 6 may be fitted ' 132~2~

with deeper ribs of serrated profile, to intermesh in an overlapping mode with the combs on the rotor 11. In that form it positively prevents wrapping of crop around the rotor 11, even if the rotor has a smaller S diameter than shown. Such an arrangement will be described hereinafter with reference to Figures 37 and 38(a) to (d). As with the arrangements of Figures l(a) and l(b), the embodiment of Figure l(c) may utilise any -of the forms of crop stripping elements described 10 hereinbefore or as will be described hereinafter, and ;-may also utilise any features of the invention described herein.
It is particularly to be appreciated that the arrangement of ~igures l(al (b) and (c) indicate 15 general layouts of apparatus embodying the invention, ~1 and that the various components shown may be provided ~;~
in practice by any of the appropriate components which have been described hereinbefore, or are to be --~

described hereinafter.
Referring now to Figure 2, and Figures 8, 9 and ~ -10, there is shown one form of a crop stripping apparatus embodying the invention, which conveniently 1 may be used as a header for a combine harvester, or may be used in conjunction with other threshing and grain separating apparatus. Figure 2 shows one particular , ~.

.

-~3~72~

form of the apparatus shown generally in Figure l(a).
(The particular examples shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, should also be taken to illustrate, when appropriate, any of the forms of the invention shown 05 diagrammatically in other figures, when those forms utilise crop engaging elements of the configuration shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10).
The apparatus compri~es a rotor 11 mounted in a main frame 12 for movement through the crop to be harvested. The rotor 11 comprises an inner core 13 generally in the form of a circular section or I multi-sided cylinder, and a succession of transverse j; combs 14 spaced circumferentially around the rotor 11. : :~

~:~ As shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10, each comb 14 maybe ~ :
i:~ 15 formed from a transver3e rib of solid material shaped ~ -to provide an array of teeth 15 mounted in a row .-transverse to the direction of movement of the harvesting apparatus through the crop. Each tooth lS
has 3ide edges 16 and 17 which diverge from each other in a~direction away from the distal tip of the tooth ~,~ 15. : . ,, There is provided at the junction of each adjacent pair of ~ide edges 16 and 17 of adjacent teeth 15, an ~ :
enlarged aperture 21, which In the example shown, is part circular. Each aperture 21 is formed by relieved ,~ -.
1, . ', 132472~

portions of adjacent teeth at the base regions thereof.
Thus each tooth has a portion at or in the region of its base which is narrower than the widest part of the portion which has diverging side edges. In the 05 examples shown, each comb is formed from a flat sheet-like rib of solid material, having cut therein, or otherwise formed, a series of keyhole shaped apertures, forming the said teeth.
The rotor 11 is driven to rotate in the ~o-called Z 10 overshot mode, so that the combs 14 are moved in an ,1 .
upward direction at the front of the apparatus. There is provided over the front of the rotor 11 a hood or ~-cover 18 to prevent forward projection of parts of the ~
crop detached by the rotor 11. ~ -In operation, rotation of the rotor 11 moves t he -~ ~
:; .
combs 14 80 that the narrow or pointed distal tips of the teeth 15 enter the crop with minimum disturban ce of -- ~
~ the stems 19 of the crop. The teeth 15 then move 3 upwardly through the crop, gathering between adjacent side edges of adjacent teeth one or more crop stems.
As the teeth 15 reach the seed-bearing heads of the crop, the seeds, or seed heads, are detached by rubbing -l - .
s the ~eeds free, or snapping off the seed heads. The - -1~ ~eeds and seed heads are removed by engagement of the crop with the ~ide edges 16 and 17 of the teeth, and by ","':

,, ~

~ ` ~
-engagement with the edges 20 of the apertures 21 at the base of the junctions of adjacent side edges 16 and 17.
As shown in Figure 2, there is provided to the 05 rear of the rotor 11, an overhead housing 23 containing a secondary transverse auger 24 abo~e a trough 25.
Between the auger 24 and the rotor 11, is a grid 26 of curved wires, rods or longitudinally orientated flat i strips spaced apart transversely. To the rear of the ~;
rotor 11, and beneath the upper auger 24, is a main transverse auger 27 mounted in a trough 28 having a front wall 29 in close proximity to the rear of the rotor 11. In the centre section, the auger 27 is provided with steered fingers 30 in the manner of a conventional combine auger. To the rear of the main auger 27 is a conventional slatted-chain crop conveyor 31 for transporting crop upwardly and rearwardly into a threshing, separating and cleaning mechanism, as is normally provided on grain harve~ters.
,i~ 20 The operation of the apparatus is as follows.
The cover 18 forms with the rotor 11 a crop flow passage 33~ An upturned leading portion 32 of the cover usually engages crop first during forward movement of the apparatus. The upturned leading 1 25 portion 32 of the rotor cover 18 engages the crop and j : ' - .
'~.

^~

132~725 :
~ .

preferably seals off the crop passage 33 immediately in front of the overshot rotor 11.
Material including grain and grain heads is dislodged and then impelled upwardly and rearwardly 05 along the passage 33, by the effect of the combs 14.
The overhead hood 18 is important in avoiding forward projection of grain and grain heads. The hood produces a funnel effect so that grain is guided into the machine rather than being ricochetted back onto the ground. Behind the rotor 11, the dislodged material is thrown against the grid of curved wires, rods or fins 26, which ara spaced apart transversely sufficiently to -`~
, allow small particles such as grain to pass, while `~
directing larger fragments such as grain heads 15 downwardly into the main, undershot, centre-delivering ~ -~ auger 27. The curved wires, rods or fins 26 act as ¦~ deflectors and separators.
¦ The auger 27 operates within the trough 28, which has a sufficiently high wall 29 at the front to avoid spillage of material. In the centre section of the auger 27, the steered fingers 30 deliver grain heads and other larger dislodged material positively into the path of the slatted-chain crop conveyor 31 for transportation upwardly and rearwardly into a threshing, separating and cleaning mechani~m such as is usually provided on grain harvesters. ~

~' ' '.:
.~ ',. . .

132~725 The smaller auger 24 above the main auger 27 is optional. Where provided, the auger 24 collects smaller particles such as separated grain, which can then be transferred directly to the cleaning device 05 (not shown) bypassing the threshing mechanism (also not shown). If the secondary auger 24 and grid 26 are not provided, any small material such as grain will fall behind the main auger 27 to the bottom of the trough 28 and be brushed into the crop elevator 31 by the effect 1~ of the coarser material. Alternatively, the curved grid 26 in front of the secondary auger 24 in the apparatus of Figure 2 can be blanked off if all the harvested material is to be collected together.
The ~tripped crop stems 19 pass under the machine and remain standing in the field. To avoid straw being pressed into the ground by tractor or machine wheels, -~
dividers may be fitted in front of the wheels to force the crop residue apart temporarily.
It will normally be necessary to provide means for adjusting the height above ground of the stripping rotor 11 80 as to be at the correct height in relationship to the height of the seed-bearing heads or other required parts of the crop. The height above ~he ground of the ~tripping rotor unit alone may be varied, or the height of the whole header arrangement may be varied according to condltions. For example, the rotor ~--' ~ .

will need to be lowered in order to gather the desired material efficiently where crops are exceptionally short or laid. Proximity sensors may be attached at the front of the stripping rotor cover 18, and the 05 output signal may be used to keep the rotor height adjusted automatically in relation to the crop horizon and/or to adjust the height of the rotor cover.
A gap 34 i8 shown between the stripping rotor hood 18 and the housing 23 over the crop augers 24 and 27, 10 and this i8 provided optionally to give a view of the ~
crop stream to the harvester operator when, as is ~1`
normally the case, he is positioned on a self-propelled ~ -harvester at an elevated level.
It should be noted that by adjustment of the speed of the combing ribs 14, together with appropriate ¦ ~ arrangements of the geometry of the components, -~
,-~ selective harvesting of only the ripest seed, particularly of herbage seed, may be effected during 1~ 8uccessive passe~ of the crop.
The present invention provides a number of advantages, in particular where the invention is 1~ appl$ed to stripping grain from standing crop such as wheat, barley and oats. Grain stripping of standing crop leaves the straw standing rather than leaving cut straw from a combine harvester. The standing straw is ea8$er to chop for subsequent dispo~al, than is the ~, '~ ' . ' :~ :
randomly orientated cut straw which is left spread or in spaced windrows by a combine harvester. Grain crop harvested in accordance with the present invention can, at least in preerred embodiments, have a higher 05 proportion of grain to material other than grain, compared with the material collected by a combine harvester. In consequence higher work rate~ become possible, because in a combine harvester these are related principally to the throughput of straw.
Finally, at least in preferred embodiments, the apparatus often leaves less wasted grain and grain heads in the field than does a conventional combine ~ harvester.
j~ Although the apparatus has besn described with ,' 15 reference to a rotor 11 carrying the combs 14 as shown ~,~ in Figure l(a) and Figure 2, it is to be appreciated that the combs 14 of all the various kinds shown can equally well be mounted on a conveyor belt mount0d about two or more rollers or set`s of pulleys, for example as ~hown in Figure l(b) and Figure 36. In such a case the front roller 4 of the conveyor-type belt 2 is positioned so that the comb~ 14 are moved upwardly and rearwardly over the front roller 4 of the conveyor belt 2, at an appropriate position at the front of the - 25 apparatus so as to produce the same effect on crop as is produced in the apparatus of Figures l(a) and 2 by ! . :

~ ~ ~ " ~ J~

~324725 the rotor ll.
Figures 2(a) to 6 show various modifications of -the apparatus shown in Figure l(a), and in these subsequent Figures corresponding components of the 05 apparatus will be indicated by like reference numerals.
Figure 2(a) shows diagrammatically a concave plate 35 which may be positioned below the stripping rotor 11, and which may be adjusted as shown in dotted lines, for example around a circle centred at the axis of the rotor 11. Also as shown in dotted linas in Figure 2, the cover 18 may be extended to move the upturned end ;~-~
~ section 32 downwards and/or it may be moved closer to i the rotor. In combination, the adjustments of the front rotor cover 18 and the concave plate 35, control the amount of engagement of the rotor 11 with the crop. By al~o alterinq rotor speed and height, the severity and extent of engagement from the top of the crop downwards ~;
~ may be limited. A further function of the plate 35, i~ 20 particularly of the leading downturned edge, beneath ,~ the ~tripping rotor 11, is to help resist any tendency for weakly anchored crop to be pulled out during the stripping operation, for example in very light and wet soils. The plate 35 may be fixed in a chosen position, or it may be allowed to float in an arcuate slot arrangement.

~, '.

132~72~ -:

In Figure 3 there is shown an alternative means for reducing any tendency to uproot crop during the stripping process. A ribbed roller 36 is provided beneath the rotor 11, and may be secured in a wide 05 range of position~, or may be allowed to float within set limits. The roller 36 may be driven, or allowed to idle, or may be secured as a fixed element. In Figure 3c there are shown some alternative shapes of the roller 36 which may be adopted, amongst others.
In Figure 4, a further roller 37 is shown suspended on link arms 38. The roller is provided as I protection for the stripping rotor 11, as a height ¦ limiting device, and also as a crop braking device to reduce uprooting of crop. As shown in broken lines, ~ .
lS the roller 37 may be held in a number of alternative fixed positions, or may be spring loaded.
Figure S shows apparatus embodying the invention Lor u8e in cereal harvesting, and shows a combination of a stripping rotor ll with crop lifters 39. Instead of beinq attached to a~cutter bar of a combine harvester, ~he crop lifters 39 are fitted to a ~ .
~ transverse beam 40, and linking fins 41 are provided in ~
J ~
such a way that there is minimal lnterference with ; -remaining straw. The crop lifters 39 are an optional aid which may remove the need for lowering the stripping rotor 11 to such an extent that damage may ., ",~ .. .
~, -132~72~
.
- 67 - ~-result or the harvested material may be contaminated with soil.
I It is to be appreciated that the crop lifteris 39 -~ -shown in Figure 5 are not crop stripping or dividing 05 elements contributing to the crop stripping of the invention. The crop lifters 39 are provided merely in I order to lift the crop from a laid condition and offer it to the rotor. Thereafter the rotor elements enter the crop and perform the stripping without any requirement for stationary guides supporting the crop during the stripping process.
Figure 5 (a) discloses a modification of the apparatus of Figure 5 and shows an arrangement for guiding the crop coming from the front of the rotor 11 onto a conventional transverse conveying auger so that :
the bulk of the grain is deflected rearwards by the auger core 27A but any bulky material is deflected forwardly by the rotating auger components 27B. To achieve thi~ separation, a deflecting surface 23A above the auger ~ay be straight or curved but musit direct the ~ . ... .
material lnto the region of the top-dead-centre of the auger unit 27. To the grain moving close to the i deflecting surface 23A, the flighting 27B of the auger ~ 27 repre~ents no major obstacle and, consequently, it ...
bounces rearwards off the auger core cylinder 27A.

Any bulky crop material, when it comes into contact --f :,;
, -'.
. ' ',:

il ` :
132~L725 with the auger flighting 27B and core 27A, will be directed forwardly and downwardly to be fed into the crop elevator in the way which is normal on combine harvesters.
05 Improved separation and flow of the bulky material is achieved if a lower, downstream section 23B of the crop guide means consists of transverse fins which allow only the short material through. As an alternative to the fins, the whole of the guide surface 23A may be corrugated or fluted in a pronounced manner;
the heavier (seed) fraction will then tend to move in the bottom of the grooves whilst the bulky material is held further forward by the ridges.
~ It should be understood that it is not necessary, t 15 as shown, to allow the separated fractions to re-comblne, but provision may be made for the heavy material to be collected separately. It should also be understood that the transver~e auger 27 may be replaced -~-by other tran~verse conveying systems, for example belt 20 conveyors, ~latted-chain conveyors, jog troughs, etc.
By the dividing means which ha3 been described above, ~l the crop stream may be separated and the separation maintained lf the bulky and heavy fractions are deflected onto adjacent ~eparate conveyors which may, 25 optionally, operate in opposite directions.
To prevent crop particles, especially grain or -' .'~

.

132~72~
,....... ............. ..................................................................... ~ .

seed from splashing forward and becoming lost, when impelled by the stripping rotor 11 in unevenly tall ~ crops or when the header pitches transversely on rough i~ ground, a flexible crop curtain 32A is suspended from 05 the leading edge of the front section 32 of the rotor 3 cover 33, to provide more effective sealing against the crop horizon. The flexible curtain 32A also allows the operator more latitude in setting the height of the header. The deflected curtain is shown in broken 10 outline.
In Figure 6, a modification is shown of the apparatus of Figure l(a). The relationship between the 3 hood 18 over the front of the stripping rotor 11, and -: - .
3 the top cover 23, is such that the driver of a tractor 15 pulling a rearwardly offset harvesting apparatus of the -- -invention can observe the flow of material to the rear.
A curtain 42 of heavy-gauge resilient sheeting arrests the atripped crop, particularly herbage material, and causes it to be deposited on a subsequent conveying 20 means, for example a belt conveyor 43, as shown, or into an auger or the like.
Where it is desirable to cut the stripped stalks ' immediately after-harvesting of seeds, or foliar ,~ material for example to promote rapid drying of the green herbage re~idue, a crop cutting mechanism can be fitted immediately behind and beneath the stripping `~ ' ' ,~ .

-132~725 - 7t) -apparatus or belt conveyor of Figure 6, with appropriate means for collecting separately the cut stalks, if required.
~ Figure 6(a) is a diagrammatic side view of a 1 05 further modification of the embodiment of Figure l(a) and illustrates the concept of a crop feeding and support roller 65 beneath the front edge of the rotor cover 18. In this example, the guide means 4 defining the crop flow passage 33, includes the cover 18 and the ~-roller 65. The roller 65 may be plain, ribbed or 3, corrugated in cross-section, or otherwise suitably profiled transver~ely or spirally either continuously , or intermittently, e.g. dimpled, to prevent grain ; becoming dislodged, crop tending to wrap, and grain j 15 impelled by the ~tripping rotor from passing forwardly i and becoming lost. Preferably the roller 65 is a solid ¦ roller. The front roller 65 may be left to rotate ~--i~ freely, or may be driven in the opposite sense to the ~tripping rotor from less than forward speed to several times forward speed, according to the crop being ~-~ harvested, and prevailing conditions. Height position I relative to the front-dead-centre position of the stripping rotor 11, when seen from the left-hand side 3- of the header, can be arranged from below 6 o'clock to ~ -¦ 25 around 10 o'clock positions. The horizontal distance of the front roller 65 from the periphery of the stripping rotor 11 depends on the relative height i ~:

:

~32~725 setting and on the crop and its condition; it can range from minimal clearance to over 300mm. The diameter of the roller 65 can vary from less than a quarter of, to greater than, the diameter of the stripping rotor 11, S especially when the latter is small, as is necessary when defoliating or stripping seed from short or ground-hugging crops. Alternatively, for slow-speed ;
applications, a front rotor 65 with three, four, or more paddles with plain or profiled edges, or with -~
short curved or ~traight tine~, or with teeth may be provided.
In Figure 6(a~, a baffle or splash plate 67 over most of the upper rear quadrant of the stripping rotor -prevents richochetting grain from re-entering the rotor i lS 11 but allows late entry of grain to the trough 28 from ;~
the rotor 11 by pas3ing under the ~plash plate 67.
Above the splash plate 67 are optionally provided two staggered banks of thin metal fins 68 covering the antrance to a grain auger 24. The fins 68 allow free ~;~ 20 grain to pass but direct large fragements, for example unthreshed heads or part~ thcreof, downwardly into the feed auger 27 of a combine harvester or re-thresher.
In Figure 6(c~ there is shown a view in the direction of the arrows C-C in Figure 6(a). Referring to Figures 6(c) and 6(e), there is provided, surrounding part of the lower rear guadrant of the stripping rotor 11, a curved, extendable plate ~32~725 - 72 ~
arrangement 35. In the example shown in Figure 6(c), the elements 15 are serrated combs 14 as shown in Figures 8 to 10. ~t ~he lower forward end of the extendable plate arrangement 35, a serrated edge 35 05 registers with the teeth of the elements 15, directing any stray seed or crop fragments which may have been carried round by the stripping rotor 11 upwards at the front so that they may be re-circulated. Additionally, the plate arrangement 35A a$ the lower front edge protects the rotor 11 aqainst ground contact and reduces the pull by the elements 15 on the crop before, during or after stripping, depending on crop presentation and the setting of the adjustable plate. ::
In Figure 6(b) the grain auger behind the ~
15 separating fins 68 is shown to have been replaced by - -loosely suspended strips 70 of impact-absorbing material which direct grains or short material after pas~ing through the separating screen 68 to fall behind .the tran~verse crop auger 27, whilst the coarse '.;~20 materi~l is directed in front of the auger 27.
~:Fiqure 6(d) show~ a small upper plain roller 65A
~:and a larger lower dimpled roller 65B, both counter-rotating relative to the stripping rotor 11, and positioned at the front of the cover 18. The guide means 4 defining the crop flow passage 33, includes the cover 18 and the rollers 65A and 65B.
The feed rollers provided at the front of the 1324~72~ :

overhead cover 18, for example the rollers 65, and 65A
and 65B in Figures 6(a), and 6(d), may themselves be provided with a stationary cover, as shown in broken outline at 65C in Figure 6(d). This may be shaped in 05 such a way, or may optionally be adjustable, that only part of the roller periphery is allowed to come into contact with the crop. For example if the roller is shrouded at the front nearly to its bottom-dead-centre position, and is driven faster than the forward speed Of the apparatus, then the crop, in contact with the feed roller, will be flicked rearwardly and upwardly at the last possible moment. This is particularly advantageous in crops which are susceptible to physical damage, shedding of seed, and so on. An adjustable shroud makes it possible to operate effectively in a wide range of conditi-ons with an agressive feed roller in front of the main stripping rotor, rather than having to change rollers to suit prevailing conditions.
Figure~ 7~a) to 7(g) show a number of alternative forms of the combs 14 which may be used on the stripping rotor ll. In Figure 7(a) a comb 14 consists of plain, deep serrations forming the teeth 15 The junction 42 between adjacent side edges 16 and 17 of adjacent teeth 15 is slightly radiused as a recess to avoid crop becoming wedged therein. Normally the combs 14 are arranged so that successive teeth lS follow the ~ame peripheral path, but in some arrangements it may 132472~

- 74 - ~ -be advantageous laterally to offset aiternate combs 14 `i by half the tooth pitch.
In the comb 14 ~hown in Figure 7(b) the gap or recess 44 between each pair of adjacent teeth 15 is 05 extended at the narrowest point between adjacent side edges 16 and 17 to terminate in an elongate slot 21.
The end of each slot 21 may be relieved as shown in dotted lines to aid withdrawal of stripped stems and avoid interference with incoming crop.
In Figure 7(c) the slots 21 of the recesses 44 are directed to one side, which aids stripping of seeds off the forward pointing side of stems or seed heads. In an arrangement such as shown in Figure 7(c~ alternate f combs 14 around the circumference of the rotor may be 15 mounted 80 that the slots 21 point in opposite directions. Tha ~lots 21 may be relieved at their innermost end, as shown in Figura 7(b).
Pigure 7(d) show~ the most preferred form of comb for str~pping cerealZZ3 and small seeds and for ~- 20 defoliating leg~nes. The teeth 15 have generally the shape of an arrow head, the rece~s 44 between adjacent pairs of teeth having generally the shape of a keyhole.
The distance between the closest~points of the adjacent side edqas 16 and 17, indicated in the region 45, 25 frequently determines the amount of extraneous matter being collected with the seeds and other required :
132472~

material. The relief apperture 21 at the inner end of the recess 44, again promotes stripping of seeds on the leading face of seed heads and facilitates the withdrawal of stems after stripping. The side edges 16 05 and 17 may be rounded at the narrowest part of the recess 44 as shown in dotted lines.
In Figure 7(e) the rubbing edges 16 and 17 of the teeth 15 have been recessed at 46 to help treat the I forward face of crop heads and to achieve effective stripping in particularly tough crops. In Figure 7(f) an alternative arrangement is shown in which some edges of teeth are serrated. Where only one side edge is ,errated as in Figure 7(f), it is preferred to reverse the directions of altérnate combs 14 around the circumference of the rotor 11. Figure 7(g) illustrates yet another alternàtive design in which both side edges ~,~ of each tooth 15 are serrated. Figure 7 (h) shows alternatively shaped relief spaces at the base of the ~ rece~ses between stripping teeth.
ti 20 In Figure 7(j) there are shown teeth 15 having -' apertures 21 which are inclined in one direction, ~-~
followed by teeth shown in dotted lines, lS', in the next following row of teeth, inclined in the opposite -~
direction. The succeeding combs of teeth 15 shown in Figure 7~j) are offset to a greater extent so that the outwardly projecting tips overlap. If alternate ~' ' ~''.'' 1 . .

stripping rib elements are optionally moved laterally~
for example by sliding them inside a retaining channel as will be described hereinafter, then the dimensions of the intake funnels and of the stripping recesses 05 formed by each pair of ribs can be adjusted to suit different crops, conditions and requirements for stripping.
It should be noted that the combs 14 are formed in preferred arrangements by transverse planar ribs, conveniently made of flat, sheet-like, synthetic plastics material. However, optionally the leading face of each tooth may be concave. Not every rib 14 need be profiled to form teeth. Good effects can be obtained when alternate ribs 14 are plain edged to scoop up material dislodged by the preceding rib. It : i9 not neces~ary that such alternate plane ribs should have the same depth radially as the profiled ribs; a reduced depth i8 often preferable. Variation of the depth of plain ribs following stripping combs gives yet another means of controlling the depth of intrusion of the crop into the rotor space. It i8 also advantageous at times for the operative plane of the ribs and/or combs to be slightly forwardly or rearwardly inclined to the transverse radial plane.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 show respectively perspective viewo form the front, from the rear, and of ~ detail of : . .
.

132g72~

.
~ 77 ~
stripping combs, in respect of a crop harvesting apparatus embodying the invention. As has been mentioned, Figures 8, 9 and 10 should be taken to illustrate various forms of the invention, for example S including the forms of Figures l(a), l(b) and l(c). In Figures 8, 9 and 10 there are shown transverse arrays of crop stripping elements 15 constituting combs 14, mounted on moveable crop support means 5. Guide means 4 are provided by a cover 18. The moveable crop support means 5 is mounted on a main frame 12 and is driven by drive means 10. 8etween the teeth 15 of the combs 14 are provided relief apertures 21, defined by edges 20. Each tooth 15 has divergîng side edges 16 and 17. :
In Figures ll and ll(a) there are shown in diagrammatic front viaw, and diagrammatic side section, - an alternative form of crop engaging elements 15 which I may be used in any of the harvesting apparatus set out herein, for example as~shown in Figures l(a), l(b) and ~ -, 20 l(c). In Figure ll(a), the crop engaging element~ 15' : are shown secured to an inner core 13 of a moveable ; crop support means 5, for example a rotor 11, and are !

~ backed by a square section transverse support member i 50. 8ehind the support member 50, relative to the direction of movement of the element 15, is positioned a plain rib-like member 51, which conveniently projects ~:

'; .

- ; :
132~72~

- 78 - ~ :
outwardly from the core 13 to a lesser extent than the crop engaging elements 15. As shown in Figure 11, the crop engaging elements 15 may comprise groups of three outwardly directed rods or fingers, of whîch the centre 05 rod or finger of each group is longer than the two adjacent rods or fingers. Conveniently the next row of crop engaging elements lS, behind the plain rib 51, is ~ :
offset by half a pitch so that the centre rod or finger lS of the ~econd row appears in the centre of the gap 10 between the two centre fingers 15 of the first ~
mentioned row. : ~.
The fùnction of the plain rib 51 is to catch and ;~- :
convey required portions of crop, such as grain, which has been dislodged by the previou~ fingers 15. -~:
lS The plain rib 51 shown in Figure ll(a) may also be used in combination with tapered teeth as shown in previous figures. Furthenmore, the fingers 15 may be replaced by brush tufts.
The arrangement shown in Figure 11, and the :
~: 20 modiications mentioned for example using a brush, are ~:particularly suited to removing from a cereal crop `:~
individual grains, rather than entire grain heads.
In other arrangemen~ts, the spacing between the plain rib and the array of crop engaging elements may be wider, and in some instances may be the same as the -- ' spacing between the rib and the next following row of crop engaging elements.
Figure 11 ~b) is a front view of an alternative comb to that of Figure 11, and shows that at intervals 05 there may be a lont~er tooth 15A in any transverse stripping array embodying the invention. If in successive rows of stripping teeth 15 the longer teeth are offset, to form a helix, then the overall effect i enchanced, namely of lifting , teasing out, aligning, 10 loosening or otherwise pre-treating crops. The spacing of the longer teeth depends again on crops, conditions and requirements. ;
¦ In Figure ll(c) there is shown a mounting arrangement for separate longer, pre-engagement teeth 15 15 in such a way that their effective operating angle ,~ may be varied, or the teeth 15 may be fully reclined ¦ between adjacent row~ of stripping arrays, to allow normal operation when required. To achieve the objective, the longer pre-treatment teeth l5A may be 20 attached to a transverse member 70 between pairs of ; strippng arrays in such a way that the member 70, preferably a tube, is supported at appropriate intervals by brackets or collars attached to the moveable support means. At one or both ends, levers 25 (not shown) fixed to the member 70 serve to adjust the - :.: , , t ; ~ .

inclination of the teeth 15A, as shown, and to lock them into any des~ired position by clamps (not shown).
A yet further convenient way of attaching over-dimensioned teeth 15A iS to use the arrangement S shown in Figure lla, namely at the rear of a support member 50 with the normal stripping arrays at the front of the member 50. It should be noted that it then , becomes possible to spring-load the longer teeth by l means of coil or resilient springs (not shown), and ;! 10 when the longer teeth are not required, they may be il turned laterally through 90 and locked in that i in-operative position.
I There will now be described a number of ~- -:, :: -~ embodiments incorporating means for adjusting various ;i~ 15 parameters of the apparatus to take account of ~ ~ -, different crop conditions. -~
¦~ Regarding the pitch of the stripping teeth, it has - -~,~ been found that for certain crops, for example vining ,~ peas and broad beans, this has to be much greater than ~ 20 when harvesting grains or grass seeds. To facilitate ; the change from one application to the other, a system shown in Figure 12 may be used. In Figure 12 there is shown in plan view an array of teeth lS forming a single comb 14 of a harvesting apparatus embodying the -~-25 invention, there being provided two comb portions 14A ^
and 14B mounted in a channel-section basa member 80, as : :.

shown in section in Figure 12(a). The two comb portions 14A and 14B are moveable relative to each other along the direction of the lengths thereof, and are held captive in the base member 80 at selected S positions. The two comb elements 14A and 14B have teeth 15 spaced at double the normal pitch, and one comb portion is capable of being moved laterally by a distance equivalent to the normal pitch. Adjacent comb portions 14A and 14B may be laterally displaced by a distance equivalent to the normal pitch, or they may be superimposed. Thus, the profile shown in Figure 12 is obtained in one extreme position (when the teeth 15 are offset from each other) and that depicted in Figure 12(b) in the other extreme position (when the teeth 15 are super1mposed one in front of the other. Figure 12(A) is a cross-section on a larger scale of the view in the direction of the arrows A-A in Pigure 12. The short teeth 15 interspersed with the full-length teeth ~;~ 15 contribute to the stripping effect in the wide-pitch ~;~ 20 setting. Each pair of slidinq combs 14A and 14B may be locked in position by simple clamping means, for example a set bolt. It should be noted that sliding mean~ other than the channel arrangement shown in Figure 12(a) may be employed.
Figures 13 and 14 show that individual stripping teeth 15, particularly when made from metal or when .

~ , ' :'' 132472~ :-moulded in plastic, may be convexly or concavely cupped on the crop engaging face, or may be provided with radiused or folded edges. Used concavely they give a scooping action, and conversely they tend to squeeze 05 crop passing between them.
In Figures 15 and 16 there are shown alternatives to full-width, continuous combs 14 which have been shown previously. In Figures 15 and 16, comb portions are shown in which each have two teeth 15, or each have ;~
one tooth 15 and which are individually mounted on the moveable support means 5. Single, twin or ~-multiple-tooth portions of the comb 14 may be designed qo that they can be clipped or sprung into position over for example a rivet 71 passing between two ~; 15 locating ribs 72 and 73 at the base. To replace them or to remove broken remnants, a tool, for example a screwdriver, may be inserted through a hole 74 provided to spring the lower resilient lugs apart so that the s10t 75 opens sufficiently to pass over the rivets 71.
Pigure 15(a) is a view in the direction of the arrows A-A in Figure 15. An alternative mounting arrangement in Figure 16 shows a grooved pin 76 and locking clip 77 --~
being utilised. Figure 16(a) is a view in the direction of the arrows A-A in Figure 16 and shows a -resilient washer 78 inserted under the spring clip 77.
If only one base flange (not shown) for mounting the ~: -'~' ' ` 132~25 :

elements is used, then provision of a resilient washer or cone at either end of the cecuring pin will provide , overload protection for the tooth sections by allowing them to pivot from the mounting flange momentarily.
S Figures 17 to 20 disclose means for additionally comminuting stripped particles or dislodging seeds from unthreshed heads.
In Figure 17 an array of thin metal fins 80 projects rearwardly from the underside of the hood 18.
The fins 80 are curved on the underside of the array.
The fins 80 extend into the crop flow to an extent sufficient to overlap the outer envelope of the rotor ~ ,,, ¦ 11, and the fins 80 intermesh with the elements 15 on the rotor 11. The arrangement may be used with ~ 15 rod-like crop engaging elements 15, but in a preferred j~ form the elements 15 on the rotor are tapered teeth 15 as shown in Figure 17a.
The thin metal fins shown in Figure 17 protruding from the rotor cover 18 towards the rotor 11 and alternately registering with the tips of the tooth 15 and with the centre~ of the recesses 21 between teeth ~ 15, allow small particles or seeds to pass, but (as a .~ .
result of their curved leading edges) direct larger particles back into intimate contact with the rotor 11.
The fins 80 themselves provide cutting and retarding forces which contribute to the desired effect being ~32~725 achieved. Figure 17(a) is a view in the direction of the arrows A-A in Figure 17. Depending on the crop, the conditions and the effect desired, alternate fins 80 may be omitted.
05 In Figure 18, spaced apart, pivoted, and spring loaded arms 81 support at their free ends sections of -serrated ribs 82 which intermesh with crop engaging elements 15 on the rotor. Preferably the elements 15 are serrated ribs and the ri~s 82 match and register with the serrations of the stripping combs on the rotor. The arms 81 are pivotted about a pivot 83 in the hollow front position of the hood 18, and the arms are biassed towards the rotor 11 by a spring 84. An adjustable stop 85 allows the intrusion of the stationary ribs 81 into the envelope of the stripping ;~ rotor 11 to be varied. Between the pivoted support arms are thin fins or wirés as in a threshing concave, to allow small particles, like threshed seed and chaff, to pass but directing large pieces in the direction of the stationary transverse ribs which then force them l~ into intimate contact with the stripping rotor 11.
Figure 18(aj i8 a view in the direction of the arrows A A in Figure 18 for the case of a preferred embodiment where serrated combs 14 are provided on the rotor 11.
Foreign objects in the crop stream can force the pivoted arms away from the rotor momentarily, to allow ''~ " .

...:
.:

them to pass. Across the width of a stripping header the means for directing the larger crop particles back into the rotor 11 may be sectioned, so that only small quantities pass untreated with a foreign object.
05 In Figure 19 there is shown a modification to the intake region of an apparatus generally of the form ~ shown in Figure l(a). At the front of the overhead I hood 18 i8 positioned a transverse auger 90 in a trough 91, and above this is provided a transverse threshing rotor 92 with a grid type of concave 93 partially surrounding it. The threshing rotor 92 is driven in I rotation in the same sense as the main stripping rotor 3 11, and the auger l9 is rotated in such a manner as to ~3 draw crop transversely into an outlet (not shown).
A guide surface 94 directs the main stream of stripped material into the threshing rotor 92. Any grain ~ passing through the concave 93 falls into the auger ;J; trough 91. After threshing the residue passes along ~ the passage 95 which is formed between the guide 94A

i~ 20 and a housing 23, and i8 guided to a conventional straw shaker 96 positioned above a second transverse auger 27, Between the auger 90 and the stripping rotor 11, are provided a series of thin separating fins 97 which s 25 are aligned along the direction of movement of the apparatus and are spaced apart across the transverse ,., ~:, .-132~725 width of the intake region of the rotor 11. The separating fins 97 in front of the stripping rotor 11 -allow the grain or seeds which are moving upwardly and tangentially forwardly to pass into the space above the S auger 90 into which they then fall. Large fragments of crop, including unthreshed or part-threshed heads, are directed upwardly and into the path of the threshing rotor 92. The blanking plate 94 above the stripping rotor 11 may optionally be agitated. The shaker mechanism 96 provides for the recovery of any remaining free grains or seed~. These are taken out of the shaker housing by the second transver~e grain auger 27 for subsequent cleaning. Preferably the threshing rotor 92 is a brush rotor with rows of strong, reclined flexible filaments 93, as shown in Figure l9(a) in section.
Figure 20 illustrate~ a simpler form of re-threshing arrangement, and again shows a modification of the apparatus of Figure l(a). Grain detached by the stripping rotor has a tendency to move a}ong the underside of the rotor cover 18 and can pass through two banks of separator fins 101 cantilevered out from the cover 18 and angled in the downstream direction. Larger particles makng contact with the fins are directed downwardly, and particles floating above the rotor 11 are directed upwaFdly by a guide .,, .' ~ '~
' .' ~' 132~725 plate 99, to be forced into rubbing contact with a suitably transversely ribbed rotor 100 by solid banks of overhead tufts 98. This system requires a cleaning operation to follow.
05 Figure 21 shows a modification of the arrangement of Figure 19. An octagonal feed roller 103 is provided at the intake region of the apparatus, which is driven in rotation in the undershot mode. Above the feed roller 103 is an array of separating fins 97 corresponding generally to those described with reference to Figure 19, and behind the fins 97 are provided an array of baffles 102 acting as deflectors -~ to dirsct the separated grain or seeds downwardly into ¦~ a transverse auger 90. The front wall of the housing 18 is lined with impact abssrbing material 103, to minimise ricochetting and damage of grain. Figure 21~a) is a view in the general direction of the arrow A
of Figure 21. .
~¦ In Figure 22 there i8 shown a further modification l 20 of the apparatus of Figure l(a), illustrating a simple ,~ versatile system for adapting the position of the stripping rotor cover 18 to varying crop conditions. ;:~:
~; At the 'front of the apparatus, the cover 18 is mounted on the main frame 12 by a pair of hydraulic rams 105 and 106 which pivot respectively about pivots 107 and 108. The ram 105 is coupled to the ram 106 at pivot :~:
~'.

~"
" ':

:

~32472~
., - .
- ~8 -109. Expansion of the ram 105 rotates the ram 106.
Expansion of the ram 106 moves the front of the hood 18 forwardly. By combinations of these movements, a variety of hood positions can be achieved as shown.
05 The hood is supported at the rear by a stay 110 pivoted ~'l on the main frame at 111 and pivoted to the hood 18 and ~, 112. Optionally, the stay 110 can be replaced by another hydraulic ram, to maintain the direction of the crop stream in the exit region.
Figures 23 to 28 all illustrate further '~ modifications of the apparatus shown in Figure l(a), j but the features disclosed are equally applicable to ;~ the arrangements shown in Figures l(b) and l(c), and elsewhere in the drawings. The Figures 23 to 28 show air flow means for providing a stream of forced air to give assistance in feeding crop into the stripping rotor and directing stripped material upwardly. The I air flow means are indicated generally at 113, and '! various fonms are described with reference to the ~; 20 drawings-'~ In Figure 23 i8 shown a stripping rotor 11 with a -~ cover 18 80 designed that the lower ront portion is `~, formed into a chamber 114. Air under pressure is supplied along a conduit 115. Depending on the width Of the air flow unit 113, it may be connected on one or both sides by flexible tubing (not shown) to one or two : ,:" :

^

132472~

blower units (also not shown). Air entering the chamber 114 is directed to leave in a narrow stream, or a series of streams, in an upward and rearward direction, thus assisting the feeding of crop into the 05 rotor 11 and the ascent of stripped material and preventing any from falling back. Figure 23(a) shows a series of outlets 116 across the width of the rotor cover 18.
In Figure 24 the shape of the plenum chamber 114 is slightly different and the air stream is directed more steeply upwardly. Yet a different shape of plenum chamber 114 is shown in Figure 25. The direction of ~ -the air outlet is controlled by a 2-position ~butterfly~ deflector 117, which may be directed either lS upwardly for the purpose described earlier or downwardly in order to force the crop which is to be stripped, more positively into contact with the rotor 11. The deflector 117 is pivotted about a pivot 118.
~ -A pivoting plenum chamber 114 is shown in Figure 26 for directing the air stream selectively either towards the rotor or steeply upwards in the crop flow passage. The chamber 114 pivot~ about a pivot 119. Other designs are possible to achieve more directional variations.
Figure 27 shows a feed assisting roller 120 at the front lower edge of the rotor cover 18, which consists ; of a central cylinder 121 capable of being connected to 1324725 ~-90 - :
an air supply conduit 122 with an outlet 123 pointing rearwardly and upwardly as shown, but which can be rotated in other directions. Transverse paddles 120A
connected to annular end discs 120B rotate in the 05 undershot mode about the central cylinder 121, the air feed dùct 122 passing through the centre of the end discs. A similar system is shown in Fig~re 28 but applied to the stripping rotor 11. A curved, adjustable~position nozzle 123 again allows the -~
direction of thè air stream to be directed as required.
Typical applications of the invention are shown in Pigures 29 to 32. In Figure 29, a conventional ¦ combine harvester 124 is shown to have a crop stripping header 125 embodying the invention, in place of the conventional cutting table. The grain and other material detaohed from the crop is delivered into lateral crop transfer means 8, in this case a 1, transverss crop auger 27 from which it passes to a crop elevating means 7, in this case a central feed conveyor 31, and thence to the threshing drum and ~eparating and cleaning mechanisms of the combine harvester. The ! small amount of efflux at the rear is spread evenly by j a rotary spreading mechanism.
Pigure 30 i8 an outline front view of a tractor-mounted stripping header 125 delivering the , 2~
'i'. ',' .., '.,', .'''.i", ." '' i'"

1 32472~

detached material onto a lateral crop transfer means, in this case a transverse belt conveyor 126, and then onto a crop elevating means in this case a cleated-belt elevator 127 for delivery into a bulk trailer 128 drawn 05 by a second tractor. The tractor 124A operating the stripper header 125 has reverse-drive facility so that -the operator can effectively supervise the harvesting operation. Figure 31, shows an outline plan view where the tractor and trailer wheels are seen to be fitted 10 with crop dividers 128A for parting the straw or other ~
stripped crop so that the wheels can pass without ~ -pressing down significant amounts of it. An outline ~l- side view of the stripper harvester of Figures 30 and ¦ 31 is shown in Figure 32. ~-In Figures 33~a) and 33(b) are shown yet a further ~
~ modification of the apparatus of Pigure l(a). A - ;
!~ stripping rotor 11 with a curved front cover 18, is followed in the direction of crop flow by a louvre arrangement 130 which permits air but not crop particles to escape upwardly. Material stripped off the crop is thrown against a loose crop curtain 131 hanging from a light supporting structure and flows downwards into a collecting trough 2B formed by a downward sloping wall 132 behind the lower rear quarter of the stripping rotor 11 and a rearwardly upward sloping wall 133. A conveyor 137 is arranged to sweep -~:

~32~725 the bottom of the trough 28 by paddles 134 suspended from a chain or belt 135. Wear strips 136, conveniently made of wood, and attached to the rearwardly and upwardly sloping wall 133, prevent S frictional contact with the wall 133. The upper return part of the paddle conveyor 137 is shielded by a cover plate 138.
As shown in Figure 33(b), which generally is an unobstructed view in the direction of the arrow B in Figure 33(a), paddle-type conveyors 137 in both halves of the header unit convey stripped material towards the centre for onward transportation by, for example, a slatted, conveyor 31 perpendicular to the transverse axis of the header 125. To prevent an accumulation of material in the unswept area opposite the entrance to , the secondary conveyor, a ~butterfly~ deflector 140 is form,ed by two inversely curved deflector panels 141 and 142 sloping downwardly from a central ridge 143. (The ~ deflector 140 in Figure 33(b) is a view taken in the ,~ 20 direction C in Figure 33(a) and is not a view in the direction B, which is the direction of the remainder of , Figure 33(b).) I Returning to Figure 33(a), behind the rotor 11 is ! shown an optional resilient panel 144 stretched 25 transversely across the header between end plates (not -¦ shown). The purpose of the panel 144 is to arrest _ 93 particles leaving ~he rotor 11 late, causing them to -fall into the bottom of the conveyor pan, and also to prevent any particles which may be ricochetting forwardly from re-entering the rotor ~pace. Above the 05 panel is shown an optional roller 145, which may be driven or left self-rotating in bearings, to prevent -accumulation of material on the upper edge of the transverse panel in some crops and conditions.
Figures 34~a) and 34(b) show in cross-section and plan respectively a further modification fo the apparatus of Figure l(a) embodying the invention. A
crop stripping rotor 11 with cover 18, delivers the collected material into check curtains 146, so that the material falls downwards on to a transverse belt conveyor 147 with optional transverse cleats 148, and longitudinal raised edges 148, made of flexible material, to prevent grain or seeds from rolling off :~ , when the harvester i8 used to operate up and down slopes. The raised edges 149 of the conveyor 147 are shielded by roof-shaped covers 149 or elastic flaps.
In the centre section of the header is a sunken well . ~ 150 in which two longitudinally arranged augers 151 and 152, driven from the front end in counter-rotation towards the centre, convey the stripped material rearwards, for example into the path of a slatted chain conveyor 153, as on a combine harvester. ~ -~

: ~;

-.
- 132~72~

As shown in Figure 34(a) the crop guide surfaces on th~ underside of the rotor front cover 18 are preferably lined with resilient~ impact-absorbing, plastics material 160, to minimise the risk of S particularly hard grains richochetting and becoming lost or damaged. In conjunction with stripping elements 15, when these are also made from resilient material, such a stripping system gives minimal front-end losses, particularly in hard seed crops. A
plastics material which is particularly suitable is polyurethane. Preferably the hardness of the plastics material from which the stripping combs are made has a Shore hardness in the range 40- to 60-D. Softer material is preferred for lining surfaces to render them impact-absorbing.
A small but important feature shown in Figure 34(a) i8 the rever~ie steps at 158 on the crop conveying surface of the stripping rotor housing 18 at the intake i~ region. They serve the purpose of directing any grains, which may slide down the front housing, into the rotor ¦~ space, 80 that they are impelled upwardly. This feature is particularly important when the baffle effect of crop ceases, for example at the edge of a field. ~-Figure 35 shows again a stripping rotor 11 with cover 18, in this case arranged to deliver the stripped 3 ;

,r~

132~72~ ~

material against a loosely suspended check curtain 131.
From this it falls on to a belt conveyor 154, which extends the full width of the rotor 11, is transported rearwards and iæ delivered into a cross conveyor auger 05 155 rotatin~ in a transverse well 156.
In Figure 36 there is shown one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, generally of the form ~hown in Figure l~b). In the embodiment of Figure 36, crop engaging element~ (which may be of any of the forms described in this specification in accordance with the present invention) are mounted on a moveable support means 5 which consists of a conveyor 2 ¦: entrained about three rollers or sets of pulleys indicated at 3, 3A, and 3B. The conveyor 2 is driven ¦ lS in a sense such that the crop engaging elements 15 move ~-upwardly and rearwardly at the front of the apparatus.
A cover or hood 18 t~ provided over the ele~ments 15.
At the rear of the apparatus a hanging check curtain 131 directs tripped crop onto an upwardly and ~ -~
j 20 rearwardly directed conveyor belt 160. ~;~
~: . .. .
To achieve 400d drive and tracking, the conveyor 2 pre,ferably comprises a flat belt which has incorporated ln its underside V-belts; this combination is available commercially.
,~ 25 The belt stripping arrangement shown in Figure 36 ~ ha~ two main advantages in comparison with the 1 , ~

- - "

1~2~725 - g6 -stripping systems using a rotor 11, which have been `
described in the main hereinbefore.
Firstly that portion of the conveyor belt 2 which is in contact with the crop, is reclined relative to 05 the direction of travel of the apparatus, so that free crop particles which may tend to fall downwardly are recovered. This advantage applies egually to a two or three roller conveyor stripper (i.e. as shown in Figures l(c) or Figure 36.) A second main advantage of the belt stripping arrangement of Figure 36 arises with regard to the particular paths traced out by the elements 15 during 'I movement and the differences in the tip speed of the ~-crop engaging elements associated with this. It i,~ a feature of th- belt stripping system that the tip speed of the stripping elements varies at different points along the path of travel, in ~uch a way as to give a higher ~peed where required, and a lower speed where -~-required. In the arrangement shown in Figure 36, the tip speed of the Zitripping elenents 15 varies in the ;~ following ~equence:-ti) at the lowe3t point of upward travel, there is intrusion into ~tanding crop or actual stripping of seeds and foliage from low-lying crop at a relatively 25 high-speed; ~ "
~;; (ii) in the region between pulleys 3A and 3B, :: ' ; r',. ' ~ ' ' " ' ' -there is reduced-speed combing of the crop; ~ -(iii) in the region of the pulley 3B, there is high-speed stripping of upper seeds or foliage in some long crops, particularly when these lie towards the 05 8tripper;

(iv) between pulleys 3B and 3 there is a region of reduced-speed conveying; and (v) at the rearmost part of the stripping conveyor unit there is high-speed impelling of ~tripped material at the pulley 3.

In the two pulley arrangement shown in Figure l(b) stage~ (iv) and (v) are absent.
By way of example of thè differential speed effects which may be obtained, it may be arranged that 15 if the belt drive pulleys are 200mm in diameter and ::-~
driven at 764 rev/min, then the belt speed and tip ~. :
~peed of the stripping elements is 8m/s on the straight run between pulleys, but the tip speed of 85mm long ~tripping elements would increase to 14.8m/s around the ~: .
pulleye.

Con~idering now the detailed construc1ion of the : -,, . :. ~-. . .
~: embodiments shown in Figure 36, the hood or cover 18 .

; over the ~tripping mechanism may be:smoothly curved, as . shown in continuous outline, with provision for adjusting the horizontal and vertical front clearance lf required. Alternatively, ths cover 18 may consi~t ~ - . . .

132~725 of hinged plates, as indicated in broken lines, so that the inclinations and forward protrusion of the front section 163 may be varied within wide limits, to suit different crops and conditions, by pivotting about a 05 pivot 164 for varying the overlap of sliding sections (not shown). In some arrangements there may be attached to a rear section 165 of the hood 18, rows of intermeshing tines or shaped teeth 162, whlch intermesh with the elements 15 on the stripping conveyor 2 80 as to force the stripped material repeatedly into rubbing contact with the stripping elements 15. Also, there may be provided behind the stripping conveyor 2 an ~ inclined chute 161, constructed preferably from ¦ spaced-apart rods or ribs, so that the bulk of lighter 15 and longer material collected incidentally during grain ~ .
or seed stripping may fall onto the chute 161 and be conveyed downwardly by the rows of stripping elements ~:
and back to the ground. If the chute 161 i8 formed of spaced apart elements, the remaining free grains may ~ 20 pasa through the chute 161 and fall onto a slatted belt !i~ elevator 160A below. As a further option, the ~ ~ .
. separation of light material from grain or seed may be ¦ assisted at the end of the stripping mechanism 2, 15, ! by a downwardly directed air blast, which may be .
applied generally at arrow 166. Material leaving the rotor cover 18 i8 checked by the resilient curtain 131 , ~"~ ,.,',""'.,~.,", ,"','~` ,' -"'.,,-", 'i,,., :' .
~32472~ `
_ 99 _ and falls onto the slatted belt conveyor 160A for loading or further processing.
In some arrangements, the stripping mechanism 2, 15, may be formed by a series of conveyor belts 2 05 across the width of the stripping mechanism, for example running on separate rollers 4A and 4 where running on and being driven by common rollers extending acrosfs the whole of the width of the stripping 1 mechanism.
Thus in general, very wide stripping units can be ~ub-divided into several sections, each supported on slender arms and, in the case of stripping rotors, driven by chain~ or belt6 from a transverse lay shaft ~-behind the stripping unit. Ahead of each gap between ~ -, 15 sections may be provided a divider which pushes the ~;
crop to either side.
One advantage of the belt stripping aystem is that . ~
~;~ thi~ allows ~mall-diameter tip paths around the pulleys to be used without running the risk of wrapping, as may ~ ~
20 occur if a stripping rotor has too small a diameter in ~ -relation to the length and condition of the crop. In Figure 36, the position and spacing of the intermediate pulley SA relative to the lower pulley determine the operational characteristics of the stripping system.
f,~ 25 Although in Figure~s previou~ to Figure 36 the crop engaging elements have generally been described with ~f ~

~ S

132~72~

reference to a rotor 11, the views of the following Figures may alternatively be taken to illustrate embodiments where the crop support means 5 comprises an endless conveyor for example of the kind shown at 2 in S Figures l(b) and 36, the said Figures concerned being Figures 6(e), 6(d), 7(a) to 7(j), 8 to 16(a), 17(a), 18(a), 27, and other Figures where appropriate.
In preferred arrangements, the range of inclinations for the lower portion of the three pulley system shown in Figure 36, or of the two pulley system shown in Figure l(b), lies between the vertical and approximately 60- reclined to the vertical. ---` Figures 37 to 38(d) ~how axamples of apparatus embodying the invention, of the form shown generally in ~ 15 Figure l(c).
j In Pigure 37 i8 shown a two-rotor stripping system ! comprising rotors 11 and 6, with a rotor cover 18 which has a protruding and pivoted lower gection 170 pivoted at 171. This ~ection 170 is so shaped that the lowermost face 172 is inclined rearwardly and ~i~ downwardly to provide a skid type of surface to be supported by the upper crop surface or horizon. A
chain 173 or other support component provides a support which limits the downward movement of the protruding section 170. There may be several chains or supports across the width of the protruding section 170, and ., .

132472~

springs may be incorporated in the support to make it possible for the pivoted section 170 to slide on top of the crop canopy. The hinged component 170 may be sectioned transversely, so that in variable crops only 05 sub-sections respond to lateral differences in height.
The purpose of the pivoted section 170 is to seal the front of the stripping unit against the crop horizon, ! 80 that particles which may be impelled by the rotor 11 forwardly and upwardly cannot escape. From the rear 10 the major part of the pivoted portion 170 is blanked -~
out, to prevent crop particles from entering and becoming lodged in the front and thus increasing the ~ weight of the pivotted section. Any particles which -j may enter the nose-shaped hinged section 170 from the 1 15 rear are guided back out rearwardly onto still unstripped crop and may be recovered by the advancing rotor 11 before they are able to fall to the ground. ~-Above the transverse pivot 171 for the protruding ~!~ section 170 are provided on the crop engaging underside 20 of the curved rotor housing 18 a number of reverse teps 17, as previously described, for directing any descending crop particles back towards the rotor 11, -particularly when the unit pa ses out of the crop.
An effective alternative to the pivotted front 25 section 170 may be a curtain attached to the front rotor cover 18. This is a much ~impler means of " ~ :-1 -:

r .

-132472~

preventing forward splash of stripped material and adapting the header to transverse variations in crop height.
The pivotted front section 170 of the cover 18 as 05 described may be used equally well in the other embodiments of the invention described herein, and is not limited to the two-rotor stripping system shown in Figure 37.
The twin-rotor stripping system 11 and 6A is an alternative to the belt-type system shown in Figures I l(b) and 36. The two rotors 11 and 6 are co-rotating, I and they may be of equal or unequal diameter. The rotors 11 and 6 also may operate clear of each other or may overlap, as shown. Their relative po~itions will be such that normally no part of the upper rotor 6 protrudes forward of the vertical plane which passes through the front-dead-centre line of the lower rotor 11. Since all the crop will be passed under the lower rotor 11, in norm~l harvesting conditions the upper rotor 6 will rarely be required to perform a stripping function. Instead it serves to prevent wrapping of the ¦~ lower rotor 11, thus making it posisible to use a small-diameter stripping rotor 11 which results in favourable trajectories for the material detached from 1 25 the plants. Additionally, the upper rotor 6 serves to 1~ convey stripped material upwardly and rearwardly.

,"", ,,.,.,, ,".,,",,~,, ~. ... . ....

f~, .

1324725 ;:~

Views in the direction of arrows AA in Figure 37 are shown in Figures 38(a) to 38(d). In Figure 38(a) the lower rotor 11 has stripping combs 14 with short teeth lS, optionally spaced at twice the pitch of teeth 05 175 of the upper rotor 6 which form crop conveying elements 6A. The specific application for this arrangement is in crops which are particularly valuable and lie towards the advancing stripper apparatus. In such conditions lifting of the herbage layer for subsequent treatment by the principal rotor becomes advantageous.
In Figure 38(b) identical stripping teeth 15 and . . .
175 are shown on the lower and upper ro~ors ll and 6. - - ~-This arrangement gives good effectiveness in ~; 15 irregularly laid crops. When plants lie away from the ¦; machine, the lower rotor 11 does all the stripping, but with the material oriented in the opposite sense, the upper rotor 6 contributes to the stripping effect and prevents exces~ive intake of unwanted material by preventing wrapping round the lower rotor 11.
In ~iqure 38(c), the lower rotor 11 has the preferred stripping combs, and the upper plain-toothed ~
.:
combs 6A serve the main purpose of preventing crop wrapping around the lower rotor ll and assiæting the ~

25 conveying process. It should be noted that the amount ~- -~ of overlap or di~engagement between the two rotors is ~-~

:~ ., .:

~324725 optionally adjustable.
In ~igure 38(d~ is shown a ~errated comb profile 14 of the lower rotor 11 and plain ribs or paddles 6A
on the upper rotor 6. In this ca~e the main function 05 of the upper rotor 6A is conveying of stripped material, but, at the same time, it will also diminish the risk of the lower rotor 11 wrapping. Other combinations of profiled combs and ribs are possible to suit specific crops, conditions and harvesting , 10 objectives-There will now be discussed a number of general features which may be applicable to various embodiments set out above.
j~ In addition to means for adjusting the height of the stripper mechanism and/or the hood or other guide mean~, by judgement of the operator, there may be provided sensors on or in front of the stripping header, or each section of such a header, to identify the crop horizon, the signals derived from;the sensors , ,:
be$ng u~ed to control ehe height of the ~tripping header or a section thereof, automaticaIly. Normally the lpwer extent of stripper height cetting will be provided by skids under or to the rear of - bottom-dead-centre.
A further additional feature which may be provided in any of the embodiments described, comprises a ~ reciprocating cutter bar or rotary cutter which may be :~
.

~32~2~

fitted for severing the stripped material at a pre~elected height above ground, after stripping.
Considering now generally the dimensions which may -be used in embodiments of the invention, preferably the -05 stripping rotor 11 for cereal and most forage crop has an overall diameter of 500-600 mm. However, smaller -diameterc are suitable for short or low crops (as in Figure l(c)), and larger diameters for particularly tall crops. ~y way of example, appropriate tip speeds ! lo of stripping rotors embodying the invention for the harvesting of cereals range from less than 10 m/s to approximately 25 m/s, and for harvesting lucerne (alfalfa~ leaf, speed3 ~hould be in the ranqe of 15 to 30 m/s. Although the stripping rotor 11 in Figure l(a) 5 i8 shown as having eight row~ of elements fewer or more ~ -may be used. The combs or ribs, or other forms of rows ~ -:
of elements, need not be arranged in straight rows ~- perpendicular to the direction of travel but they may be curved or helically mounted, to even out the drive torque and achieve delivery of the stripped material to one side or into the centre of ~any collecting device.
By way o~ example of particular dimensions which may be used, the rotor shown in Fi~ure l(a) may have a diameter of 550 mm overall: the diameter of an inner core may be 300 mm, and the depth of each element from the tip to the base of a recess between ad~acent ~-~ ' '' ' ' '' ". .

i2 5 elements may be 80 mm. In typical u~e in standing cereal crops, the bottom of the rotor may be set to 25 to 30 cm above the ground. Conveniently the bottom of i the rotor may be set to a height eguivalent to about ¦ S one quarter of the height of the crop.
Where the overall diameter of the rotor is in the ~ range 400 mm to 700 mm, the rate of rotation of the I rotor may be preferably in the range 250 to 950 rev/min.
Rotor outer diameters may vary from approximately 1 0.2 to 1.0 m diameter, the preferred range being 0.4 to j 0.6 m diameter. Tip speeds of the crop engaging elements may vary within the approximate range 5 to 40 m/s.

1~ . .

i~ 20 ~. ~

1 ~ I
-~-, ~

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. Apparatus for harvesting required crop parts from standing crop comprising a mobile frame for movement over the ground, moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame, a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on said moveable support means, guide means co-operating with said crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage, and drive means for driving said moveable support means so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along said crop flow passage, said moveable support means being arranged to carry said elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, and said crop engaging elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, wherein said crop engaging elements provide in operation a plurality of crop gathering regions, each said crop gathering region comprising an intake region with inwardly converging boundaries and a relief region with boundaries which diverge from each other, said intake region leading to said relief region.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said outwardly projecting elements have distal ends projecting outwardly from said moveable support means, and said boundaries of the relief regions include edges of crop engaging elements facing away from the distal ends of the elements for detaching crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of movement of the apparatus.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said relief regions are defined by re-entrant edges extending sideways into the crop engaging elements.

4. Apparatus according to claim 3 in which each said relief region has a curved boundary extending from the inner end of one boundary of the intake region to the inner end of the other boundary of the intake region.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said elements are arranged on said moveable support means in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, said crop gathering regions being defined by adjacent crop engaging elements in the same transverse row.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 in which each of said inwardly converging boundaries of said intake region extends inwardly from said distal end of said element towards said moveable support means, to an inner end of said boundary, and said relief regions are defined by re-entrant edges extending sideways into the crop engaging elements, each said relief region being formed by re-entrant edges leading away from said inner ends of the boundaries of the intake region.

7. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which said crop engaging elements are mounted on said support means in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, and during operation said crop gathering regions are defined by co-operation between elements in succeeding rows along the moveable support means.

8. Apparatus according to claim 7 in which the crop engaging elements vary in shape and carry out different functions on the crop.

9. Apparatus for harvesting required crop parts from standing crop comprising a mobile frame for movement over the ground, moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame, a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on said moveable support means and having distal ends projecting outwardly from the moveable support means, guide means co-operating with said crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage, and drive means for driving said moveable support means so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along said crop flow passage, said moveable support means being arranged to carry said elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, and said crop engaging elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, wherein at least some of said crop engaging elements provide edges facing away from the distal ends of the elements for detaching crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of forward travel of the apparatus, and said crop engaging elements provide in operation a plurality of crop gathering regions, each said crop gathering region having an intake region with inwardly converging boundaries leading to at least one of the said edges which face away from said distal ends of said elements.

10. Apparatus according to claim 9 in which said intake region leads to a substantially parallel sided slot which provides one of said edges which face away from the distal tips of the elements.

11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10 in which said elements are arranged on said moveable support means in rows transverse to the direction of movement of said moveable support means, said crop gathering regions being defined by adjacent crop engaging elements in the same transverse row.

12. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10 in which said crop engaging elements are mounted on said support means in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, and during operation said crop gathering regions are defined by co-operation between elements in succeeding rows along said moveable support means.

13. Apparatus according to claim 9 in which at least some of the crop engaging elements provide transverse surfaces which extend principally transverse to the direction of movement of the elements, for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage.

14. Apparatus according to claim 13 in which the drive means is arranged to drive the crop engaging elements at a speed such that detached crop parts are impelled along the crop flow passage by the crop engaging elements without residing to any substantial extent on the moving elements.

15. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 9 in which at least some of the crop engaging elements have distal tips for entering into and dividing crop and have side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element.

16. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the said elements which define the crop gathering regions also have distal tips for entering into and dividing crop and have side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, said boundaries of said intake regions being defined by said side edges of said elements.

17. Apparatus according to claim 16 in which there is provided, extending between the said diverging edges of an element, a transverse surface which extends principally transverse to the direction of movement of the element, for impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage.

18. Apparatus according to claim 1,9 or 3 in which at least some of the crop engaging elements are made of flexible resilient material.

19. Apparatus according to claim 1,9 or 2 in which the guide means comprises a cover extending around at least part of the region at which the crop engaging elements move upwardly and rearwardly at the front region of the apparatus.

20. Apparatus according to claim 1,9 or 2 in which the said moveable support means comprises a rotor.

21. A method of harvesting crop comprising: moving through a standing crop a harvesting apparatus;
moving upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements;
engaging the standing crop by said moving elements while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus;
gathering crop in a plurality of crop gathering regions each having an intake region with inwardly converging boundaries leading to at least one edge of a crop engaging element which faces away from the distal end of the element;
detaching from said standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, including detaching crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, by means of said edges of crop engaging elements which face away from the distal ends of the elements;
conveying the detached crop parts along a crop flow passage; and collecting the detached crop parts.

22. A method of harvesting crop comprising moving through a standing crop a harvesting apparatus, moving upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements, engaging the standing crop by said moving elements while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, detaching from said standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, conveying the detached crop parts along a crop flow passage, and collecting the detached crop parts, the method including the step of gathering crop in a plurality of crop gathering regions each having an intake region with inwardly converging boundaries leading to a relief region having boundaries which diverge from each other.

23. A method according to claim 22 including detaching crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, by means of edges of crop engaging elements included in said boundaries of said relief regions.

24. A method according to claim 23 including the step of moving said detached crop parts along said crop flow passage by means of transverse surfaces which are provided on at least some of said elements and which extend principally transverse to the direction of movement of the elements.

25. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 24 including the step of entering into and dividing crop by distal tips of crop engaging elements having side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element.

26. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 24 including the step of impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage by moving the crop engaging elements at a speed such that the detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving elements.

27. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 23 including the step of engaging the crop by elements mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, and gathering crop in crop gathering regions defined by adjacent crop engaging elements in the same transverse row.

28. A method according to claim 21, 22 or 23 including the steps of engaging the crop by elements mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, and gathering crop in crop gathering regions defined by co-operation between elements in succeeding rows along the moveable support means.

29. Apparatus for harvesting crop comprising:
a mobile frame for movement over the ground;

moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame;
a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means;
guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the moveable support means being arranged to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, at least some of the crop engaging elements comprising crop stripping elements each of which has a distal tip for entering into and dividing crop, and has side edges diverging from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, the crop stripping elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, the crop stripping elements having relief spaces at the junctions of adjacent elements, defined by re-entrant edges extending sideways into the elements for stripping crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of movement of the apparatus.

30. Apparatus for harvesting crop comprising:
a mobile frame for movement over the ground;
moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame;
a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means;
guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage; and drive means for driving the moveable support means to carry the elements upwardly at a front region of the apparatus so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, at least some of the crop engaging elements comprising crop stripping elements each of which has a distal tip for entering into and dividing crop, and has side edges diverging from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, the crop stripping elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, the crop stripping elements having relief spaces at the junctions of adjacent elements, defined by re-entrant edges extending sideways into the elements for stripping crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of movement of the apparatus.

31. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which each said relief aperture is bounded by a curved edge extending between the inner ends of the said side edges of adjacent elements.

32. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which the said side edges of each element diverge from each other at a total included angle of about 30°.

33. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which each crop stripping element has a transverse surface between the said diverging side edges for impelling the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage.

34. Apparatus according to claim 33 in which the said transverse surface is substantially flat.

35. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which the said guide means comprises a cover extending around at least part of the region at which the crop engaging elements move upwardly at the front region of the apparatus.

36. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which the said means comprises a rotor.

37. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30 in which the said moveable support means comprises an endless conveyor means.

38. Apparatus for harvesting required crop parts from standing crop comprising a mobile frame for movement over the ground, moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame, a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means, guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage, and drive means for driving the moveable support means so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the moveable support means being arranged to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, and the crop engaging elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, wherein at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has a discrete distal tip for entering into and dividing crop and has side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, each crop stripping element having between its said diverging edges a transverse surface for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the said drive means being arranged to drive the crop stripping elements at a speed such that detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving crop stripping elements.

39. Apparatus according to claim 38 in which the said discrete tips are capable of yielding movement in a direction contrary to, and along the line of, the movement of the support means.

40. Apparatus according to claim 39 in which the stripping elements are resiliently mounted.

41. Apparatus according to claim 39 in which the stripping elements are made of flexible resilient material.

42. Apparatus according to claim 38, 39 or 41 in which the said side edges diverge from each other away from the distal tip of the element over the major proportion of the crop engaging length of the element.

43. Apparatus according to claim 38, 39 or 41 in which the crop stripping elements are mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, elements in succeeding rows being substantially aligned with each other along the direction of movement of the moveable support means.

44. Apparatus according to claim 38, 39 or 41 in which at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements arranged in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, the crop stripping elements having spaces at the junction of adjacent elements for allowing stripped remaining crop parts to be released from the elements, and/or for providing edges of the elements adapted to strip required parts from the crop.

45. A method of harvesting crop comprising moving through a standing crop a harvesting apparatus, moving upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements, engaging the standing crop by the moving elements while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, detaching from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, conveying the detached crop parts along a crop flow passage, and collecting the detached crop parts, wherein the method includes the steps of entering into and dividing the standing crop by discrete distal tips of crop engaging elements having side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, and impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage by transverse surfaces of crop engaging elements moving at a speed such that detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving crop engaging elements.

46. A method according to claim 45 including effecting yielding movement of the discrete tips of the elements in a direction contrary to, and along the line of, the movement of the support means.

47. Apparatus for harvesting required crop parts from standing crop, comprising a mobile frame for movement over the ground, a rotor mounted for driven movement relative to the frame, a plurality of outwardly projecting crop stripping elements mounted on the rotor, guide means cooperating with the crop stripping elements to form a crop flow passage, and drive means for driving the rotor so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the rotor being arranged to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, wherein the guide means comprises a cover extending around at least part of the upper front quadrant of the rotor, and each outwardly projecting crop stripping element has a transverse crop conveying surface for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the shape of the cover being such that, throughout the region where the cover extends around the upper front quadrant of the rotor, the distance from the centre of the rotor to the inside of the cover increases along the cover in the direction of crop flow.

48. Apparatus according to claim 47 in which the cover extends around substantially the whole of the upper front quadrant of the rotor.

49. Apparatus according to claim 47 in which there is provided immediately to the rear of the rotor an endless conveyor positioned with its upper run leading rearwardly away from the rear of the rotor.

50. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 in which the crop conveying surface of each crop stripping element is a substantially flat surface.

51. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 in which each crop stripping element has an overall width transverse to the direction of movement of the element by the support means which is greater than its depth along the direction of movement.

52. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 in which each outwardly projecting element is forwardly inclined to a radius through the base of the element, relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor.

53. Apparatus according to claim 47 in which each crop stripping element has a discrete distal tip for entering into and dividing crop and has side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the element, each crop stripping element having said crop conveying surface between its said diverging edges.

54. Apparatus according to claim 53 in which the said edges diverge from each other at a total included angle of about 30°.

55. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 in which said drive means is arranged to drive the crop stripping elements in such a manner that detached crop parts do not reside to any substantial extent on the moving crop stripping elements.

56. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 in which the crop stripping elements are made of flexible resilient material.

57. Apparatus according to claim 47 in which the crop stripping elements have relief spaces on the side edges of the elements, and/or at the junction of adjacent elements, for allowing stripped remaining crop parts to be released from the elements, and/or for providing edges of the elements adapted to strip required crop parts from the crop.

58. Apparatus according to claim 57 in which at least some of the relief spaces are defined by reentrant edges of the elements adapted to strip crop parts from regions of the standing crop which face forwardly relative to the intended direction of movement of the apparatus.

59. Apparatus according to claim 47, 48 or 49 including means for collecting detached required crop parts.

60. Apparatus for harvesting required crop parts from standing crop comprising a mobile frame for movement over the ground, moveable support means mounted for driven movement relative to the frame, a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements mounted on the moveable support means, guide means co-operating with the crop engaging elements to form a crop flow passage, and drive means for driving the moveable support means so as to detach from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop and to move the detached crop parts along the crop flow passage, the moveable support means being arranged to carry the elements upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus, and the crop engaging elements being arranged to engage standing crop while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of forward travel of the apparatus, wherein at least some of the crop engaging elements comprise crop stripping elements each of which has a discrete distal tip for entering into and dividing crop and has side edges which diverge from each other in a direction away from the distal tip of the elements, and wherein succeeding crop stripping elements along the moveable support means in the direction of movement of the moveable support means, vary from each other in shape and/or position transverse to the direction of movement of the elements by the moveable support means, so as to impart a lateral shaking action to the crop.

61. Apparatus according to claim 60 in which the crop stripping elements are mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, elements in succeeding rows being offset from each other transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, so as to impart a lateral shaking action to the crop.

62. Apparatus according to claim 60 or 61 in which the crop stripping elements are mounted in rows transverse to the direction of movement of the moveable support means, the elements consisting of elongate fingers slanted to one side, succeeding rows of elements being slanted in opposite directions.

63. Apparatus according to claim 60 in which the stripping elements comprise arrays of generally triangular teeth at the root of which are formed elongate slanted recesses, succeeding elements along the moveable support means being mounted so that the elongate recesses point in opposite directions.

64. Apparatus according to claim 60 in which each crop stripping element has a surface extending between the said diverging side edges of the element.

65. Apparatus according to claim 64 in which the said surface is a transverse surface for impelling detached crop parts along the crop flow passage.

66. Apparatus according to claim 64 in which each said surface has an outwardly directed central ridge with inclined faces trailing on either side of the central ridge relative to the direction of movement of the element by the moveable support means.

67. Apparatus according to claim 64 in which each said surface is convexly shaped.

68. Apparatus according to claim 64 in which at least some of the crop engaging elements are concavely cupped to give a scooping action.

69. A method of harvesting crop comprising moving through a standing crop a harvesting apparatus, moving upwardly and rearwardly at a front region of the apparatus a plurality of outwardly projecting crop engaging elements, engaging the standing crop by the moving elements while projecting forwardly relative to the direction of movement of the apparatus, detaching from standing crop predetermined required parts of the crop, conveying the detached crop parts along a crop flow passage, and collecting the detached crop parts, wherein the method includes the steps of entering into the crop discrete distal tips of crop engaging elements to divide the crop, gathering crop between pairs of elements by side edges of the elements which diverge from each in a direction away from the distal tips of the elements, and detaching the required crop parts from the crop by a lateral shaking action imparted to the crop by succeeding elements.