CA1322022C - Device enabling the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements of a series connection - Google Patents
Device enabling the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements of a series connectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1322022C CA1322022C CA000561933A CA561933A CA1322022C CA 1322022 C CA1322022 C CA 1322022C CA 000561933 A CA000561933 A CA 000561933A CA 561933 A CA561933 A CA 561933A CA 1322022 C CA1322022 C CA 1322022C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- connection
- voltage
- semiconductor
- elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
- H05B39/10—Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure
- H05B39/105—Circuits providing for substitution of the light source in case of its failure with a spare lamp in the circuit, and a possibility of shunting a failed lamp
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Device enabling the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements of a series connection.
There is described a device enabling the automatic restoration of the mains current in the event of a break-down of one or more elements (5) constituting part of a series connection, characterized in that it comprises a semiconductor connection (3) connected in parallel to each element (5) of a series connection, a first terminal (7) being connected upstream of the said element (5) and the second terminal (9) being connected downstream of the said element (5), the said semiconductor connection (3) being locked and held in the conductive position as soon as the voltage across its terminals (7,9) becomes greater than the present threshold voltage between its gate (11) and the second terminal (9).
Device enabling the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements of a series connection.
There is described a device enabling the automatic restoration of the mains current in the event of a break-down of one or more elements (5) constituting part of a series connection, characterized in that it comprises a semiconductor connection (3) connected in parallel to each element (5) of a series connection, a first terminal (7) being connected upstream of the said element (5) and the second terminal (9) being connected downstream of the said element (5), the said semiconductor connection (3) being locked and held in the conductive position as soon as the voltage across its terminals (7,9) becomes greater than the present threshold voltage between its gate (11) and the second terminal (9).
Description
1322~
~E~ICE ENABLING THE RESTORATION OF THE MAINS CURRENT IN THE
EVENT OF A BREAKDOWN OF ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS OF A SERIES
CONNECTION.
S _ ECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device which enables the automatic and rapid restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements constituting part of a series connection, such as, for example, a series connection of lamps of low alternating voltage.
Series connections of lamps of low voltage are more particularly used in tbe case of decorative lamps or, more recently, in the case of low-voltage halogen lamps. Of course, the breakdown of one or more of the lamps connected in series prevents the mains current from passing and results in the loss of the series connection.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention consists in providing a device which enables the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of an element of the series connection.
Another object consists in providing a device of the abovementioned type as a result of which the restoration of the ; mains current is carried out automatically and almost instanteously, that is to say after a precise response time, determined either by the number of elements in series or by the moment when the breakdown interrupts the alternation.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a device which will operate with consistency, independently of the number of broken-down elements in the series within the range of 0 to 4 such elements in a series comprising 10 elements.
B
~ 3~2~
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a semiconductor connection connected in parallel to each element of the series connection, a first terminal being connected upstream of the said element and a second terminal being connected downstream of the said element, the said semiconductor connection being locked and held in the conductive position as soon as the voltage across its terminals becomes greater than a present threshhold voltage between its first and the said second terminal.
The threshhold voltage is set between the gate and the second terminal of the semiconductor connection by two zener diodes connected in opposition and/or by a diac.
In conventional manner, the device according to the present invention also comprises a current-limiting resistor in the arm from the gate and an RC-module between the gate and the first terminal of the semiconductor connection, intended to ensure an adequate delay in the conduction of the triac, and to guarantee an actual RMS value of the voltage to the terminals of the other elements, which is below or equal to their nominal voltage.
A pair of zener diodes connected in opposition is also provided in the circuit such that on one side a connection is made to the first terminal and on the other side to the second terminal through the current limiting resistor.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor connection consists of a triac.
. ,.
B
~32~ 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
-The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is an electronic circuit diagram of a first device comprising Zener diodes whereby a threshold voltage is determined for activation of a triac to bypass a lamp in a series connection;
Fig. 2 is an electronic circuit diagram of a second device comprising DIAc-type semiconductors and a capacitor whereby a delay is introduced into the circuit before bypassing the lamp; and Fig. 3 is an electronic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention whereby a constant voltage is maintained during an interruption interval.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to better understand the role of the components comprising the invention, two devices, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, are described of which the components are illustrative of some of the essential components of the invention. The devices show inter alia, equivalent elements and optional elements which may comprise a device made in accordance with the invention.
A preferred embodiment of a device made in accordance with the invention is described with reference to Fig. 3.
With reference to Fig. 1, the device 1 comprises a semiconductor connection 3 connected in parallel to each elements, for example a lamp 5, of the series connection. A
first terminal 7 of the said semiconductor element 3, which is preferably a triac, is advantageously connected upstream of the lamp 5, and a second terminal 9 is connected downstream of the latter. The triac 3 also comprises a gate 11, which is connected to the arm of the second terminal 9 via two zener diodes 13, 15 connected in opposition.
1~22~22 Advantageously, the circuit also comprises a current-limiting resistor 17 positioned between the two zener diodes 13,15 and the second terminal 9. A resistor 19 maintains the voltage between the gate 11 and the first terminal 7 of the triac 3.
The circuit described above enables the voltage and/or the current of the series element, in a present instance a lamp, to be continuously measured. The use of two zener diodes in opposition or of a diac enables the voltage to be monitored at each alternation.
In the event of the breakdown of the lamp 5, the voltage at its terminals increases to reach the supply voltage of the series connection. However~ as soon as the voltage becomes greater than the threshold voltage set by the Zener diodes 13,15, the triac 3 is locked and held in the conductive position. The result is that the current is branched via the triac to supply the following elements of the series connection.
It can be seen that switching is carried out very rapidly, in less than a millisecond.
In Fig. 2 there is shown a variation of the device of Fig. 1, in which the two diodes connected in opposition have been replaced by an equivalent DIAc-type semiconductor 21.
Furthermore, a capacitor 23 is provided connecting the first terminal 7 to the gate 11, with the DIAc-type semiconductor 21 positioned therebetween.
As a result of the RC module thus produced, a delay is introduced into the locking of the branched circuit. ThiS
enables the actual RMS value of the voltage of the current to be kept below or equal to the nominal current.
B
1 ~2~22 The time constant is established as a function of the number of elements connected in series and of the maximum actual RMS value of the voltage permitted at any moment across the terminals of any element, that is to say of the number of broken-down lamps which the assembly can support.
The capacitor is charged, reaches the unlocking voltage of the DIAC-type semiconductor ~1, which is activated and supplies a pulse to the TRIAC-type semiconductor 3 by capacitive discharge. If the TRIAC remains off, the process is repeated.
If the TRIAC locks, it remains in the conductive position until the end of alternation.
By way of example, the following values can be cited for the components used, in the case of 24-V lamps, a capacitor 23 of lOOnF and a resistor 17 of 22 k . A delay of 2.2 ms is obtained.
According to the present invention, shown in Fig. 3, the behaviour of the connection is independent of the number of broken-down lamps within the range of 0 to 4 broken-down lamps out of 10 lamps connected in series.
A constant supply is maintained during the time interval under consideration, i.e. 2.5 - 7.5 ms, as a result of a circuit having a current-limiting resistor 25 and two zener diodes connected in opposition 73, 75. The RC module 17, 23 of which the resistor 17 is greater than the current-limiting resistor 25, is supplied at a constant value, such that it is always supplied at the same voltage between 4.5 and 7.5 ms.
With a judicious selection of the values of the components, this device enables an actual RNS value of voltage to be maintained below or equal to the nominal voltage of the lamps in series.
13~2~22 One advantage lies in the use of electronic components of low cost. Moreover, the number of these is particularly reduced.
Another advantage consists in the fact that the switching is completely static and is carried out only after the functioning of the element 5 has been monitored.
Another advantage of the device according to the current invention lies in the fact that it enables the installations and connections of elements in series to be substantially simplified. Indeed, conventional connections of low-voltage elements require a considerable number of transformers, which are relatively costly; moreover, the cable sections are relatively large and it is difficult and expensive to regulate the voltage.
The use of the device according to the present invention enables all these transformers to be omitted or, possibly, to use a single transformer or autotransformer, and enables the cable section to be reduced. The regulation of the voltage is conventional and thus very simple. The result is a significantly reduced cost price and intallation cost.
It should be noted that the device of the present invention can be joined to a means for limiting current (general fucntion which operates in ~slow-start) for locking the series circuit.
It is quite obvious that the abovementioned electronic components can be replaced by equivalent components ~ t can also be provided to connect the circuit according to the present invention to the form of a single integrated circuit, which further reduces the cost price.
.
; :
13~2~
The device of the present invention can also be joined to a means for limiting current for the locking of the series circuit. SUCh a means may consist in an integrated circuit from the TDA 1024 series combined with a triac, in an induction coil or in a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor, for example.
It should be noted that the device according to the current invention is suitable for any type of series connection.
10 By way of example, it may ~e cited 1~ 24-V elements or 20 12-V
elements, such as incandescent or fluorescent lamps, more particularly halogen lamps. It is also suitable for conventional current injectors.
~D
~E~ICE ENABLING THE RESTORATION OF THE MAINS CURRENT IN THE
EVENT OF A BREAKDOWN OF ONE OR MORE ELEMENTS OF A SERIES
CONNECTION.
S _ ECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device which enables the automatic and rapid restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements constituting part of a series connection, such as, for example, a series connection of lamps of low alternating voltage.
Series connections of lamps of low voltage are more particularly used in tbe case of decorative lamps or, more recently, in the case of low-voltage halogen lamps. Of course, the breakdown of one or more of the lamps connected in series prevents the mains current from passing and results in the loss of the series connection.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention consists in providing a device which enables the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of an element of the series connection.
Another object consists in providing a device of the abovementioned type as a result of which the restoration of the ; mains current is carried out automatically and almost instanteously, that is to say after a precise response time, determined either by the number of elements in series or by the moment when the breakdown interrupts the alternation.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a device which will operate with consistency, independently of the number of broken-down elements in the series within the range of 0 to 4 such elements in a series comprising 10 elements.
B
~ 3~2~
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a semiconductor connection connected in parallel to each element of the series connection, a first terminal being connected upstream of the said element and a second terminal being connected downstream of the said element, the said semiconductor connection being locked and held in the conductive position as soon as the voltage across its terminals becomes greater than a present threshhold voltage between its first and the said second terminal.
The threshhold voltage is set between the gate and the second terminal of the semiconductor connection by two zener diodes connected in opposition and/or by a diac.
In conventional manner, the device according to the present invention also comprises a current-limiting resistor in the arm from the gate and an RC-module between the gate and the first terminal of the semiconductor connection, intended to ensure an adequate delay in the conduction of the triac, and to guarantee an actual RMS value of the voltage to the terminals of the other elements, which is below or equal to their nominal voltage.
A pair of zener diodes connected in opposition is also provided in the circuit such that on one side a connection is made to the first terminal and on the other side to the second terminal through the current limiting resistor.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor connection consists of a triac.
. ,.
B
~32~ 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
-The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is an electronic circuit diagram of a first device comprising Zener diodes whereby a threshold voltage is determined for activation of a triac to bypass a lamp in a series connection;
Fig. 2 is an electronic circuit diagram of a second device comprising DIAc-type semiconductors and a capacitor whereby a delay is introduced into the circuit before bypassing the lamp; and Fig. 3 is an electronic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention whereby a constant voltage is maintained during an interruption interval.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In order to better understand the role of the components comprising the invention, two devices, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, are described of which the components are illustrative of some of the essential components of the invention. The devices show inter alia, equivalent elements and optional elements which may comprise a device made in accordance with the invention.
A preferred embodiment of a device made in accordance with the invention is described with reference to Fig. 3.
With reference to Fig. 1, the device 1 comprises a semiconductor connection 3 connected in parallel to each elements, for example a lamp 5, of the series connection. A
first terminal 7 of the said semiconductor element 3, which is preferably a triac, is advantageously connected upstream of the lamp 5, and a second terminal 9 is connected downstream of the latter. The triac 3 also comprises a gate 11, which is connected to the arm of the second terminal 9 via two zener diodes 13, 15 connected in opposition.
1~22~22 Advantageously, the circuit also comprises a current-limiting resistor 17 positioned between the two zener diodes 13,15 and the second terminal 9. A resistor 19 maintains the voltage between the gate 11 and the first terminal 7 of the triac 3.
The circuit described above enables the voltage and/or the current of the series element, in a present instance a lamp, to be continuously measured. The use of two zener diodes in opposition or of a diac enables the voltage to be monitored at each alternation.
In the event of the breakdown of the lamp 5, the voltage at its terminals increases to reach the supply voltage of the series connection. However~ as soon as the voltage becomes greater than the threshold voltage set by the Zener diodes 13,15, the triac 3 is locked and held in the conductive position. The result is that the current is branched via the triac to supply the following elements of the series connection.
It can be seen that switching is carried out very rapidly, in less than a millisecond.
In Fig. 2 there is shown a variation of the device of Fig. 1, in which the two diodes connected in opposition have been replaced by an equivalent DIAc-type semiconductor 21.
Furthermore, a capacitor 23 is provided connecting the first terminal 7 to the gate 11, with the DIAc-type semiconductor 21 positioned therebetween.
As a result of the RC module thus produced, a delay is introduced into the locking of the branched circuit. ThiS
enables the actual RMS value of the voltage of the current to be kept below or equal to the nominal current.
B
1 ~2~22 The time constant is established as a function of the number of elements connected in series and of the maximum actual RMS value of the voltage permitted at any moment across the terminals of any element, that is to say of the number of broken-down lamps which the assembly can support.
The capacitor is charged, reaches the unlocking voltage of the DIAC-type semiconductor ~1, which is activated and supplies a pulse to the TRIAC-type semiconductor 3 by capacitive discharge. If the TRIAC remains off, the process is repeated.
If the TRIAC locks, it remains in the conductive position until the end of alternation.
By way of example, the following values can be cited for the components used, in the case of 24-V lamps, a capacitor 23 of lOOnF and a resistor 17 of 22 k . A delay of 2.2 ms is obtained.
According to the present invention, shown in Fig. 3, the behaviour of the connection is independent of the number of broken-down lamps within the range of 0 to 4 broken-down lamps out of 10 lamps connected in series.
A constant supply is maintained during the time interval under consideration, i.e. 2.5 - 7.5 ms, as a result of a circuit having a current-limiting resistor 25 and two zener diodes connected in opposition 73, 75. The RC module 17, 23 of which the resistor 17 is greater than the current-limiting resistor 25, is supplied at a constant value, such that it is always supplied at the same voltage between 4.5 and 7.5 ms.
With a judicious selection of the values of the components, this device enables an actual RNS value of voltage to be maintained below or equal to the nominal voltage of the lamps in series.
13~2~22 One advantage lies in the use of electronic components of low cost. Moreover, the number of these is particularly reduced.
Another advantage consists in the fact that the switching is completely static and is carried out only after the functioning of the element 5 has been monitored.
Another advantage of the device according to the current invention lies in the fact that it enables the installations and connections of elements in series to be substantially simplified. Indeed, conventional connections of low-voltage elements require a considerable number of transformers, which are relatively costly; moreover, the cable sections are relatively large and it is difficult and expensive to regulate the voltage.
The use of the device according to the present invention enables all these transformers to be omitted or, possibly, to use a single transformer or autotransformer, and enables the cable section to be reduced. The regulation of the voltage is conventional and thus very simple. The result is a significantly reduced cost price and intallation cost.
It should be noted that the device of the present invention can be joined to a means for limiting current (general fucntion which operates in ~slow-start) for locking the series circuit.
It is quite obvious that the abovementioned electronic components can be replaced by equivalent components ~ t can also be provided to connect the circuit according to the present invention to the form of a single integrated circuit, which further reduces the cost price.
.
; :
13~2~
The device of the present invention can also be joined to a means for limiting current for the locking of the series circuit. SUCh a means may consist in an integrated circuit from the TDA 1024 series combined with a triac, in an induction coil or in a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor, for example.
It should be noted that the device according to the current invention is suitable for any type of series connection.
10 By way of example, it may ~e cited 1~ 24-V elements or 20 12-V
elements, such as incandescent or fluorescent lamps, more particularly halogen lamps. It is also suitable for conventional current injectors.
~D
Claims (4)
1. Device enabling the automatic restoration of the mains current in the event of the breakdown of one or more elements constituting part of a series connection comprising a semiconductor connection connected in parallel to each element of the series connection and including a gate, a first terminal of the semiconductor connection being connected upstream of the said element and a second terminal of the semiconductor connection being connected downstream of the said element, the said semiconductor connection being locked and held in the conductive position as soon as the voltage across its terminals becomes greater than a preset threshold voltage between the gate and the said second terminal, characterized in that the threshold voltage between the gate and the second terminal of the semiconductor connection is set by means of a circuit comprising two Zener diodes connected in opposition, a DIAC-type semicondutor, and an RC module, the two Zener diodes being connected on one side to the first terminal and on the other side to the second terminal through a current-limiting resistor, the RC module being connected to the first terminal and to the junction between the current-limiting resistor and the Zener diodes, and the DIAC-type semiconductor being connected between the gate and the junction between a resistor and a capacitor forming part of the RC module.
2. Device according to claim 1 in which the DIAC-type semi-conductor is substituted by two Zener diodes connected in opposition.
3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the semiconductor connection consists of a triac-type semiconductor.
4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a resistor for maintaining voltage between the gate and the first terminal of the semicondutor connection.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU86815A LU86815A1 (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1987-03-19 | DEVICE FOR RE-ESTABLISHING THE LINE CURRENT IN THE EVENT OF A BREAKDOWN OF ONE OR MORE PULSE ELEMENTS OF A SERIES MOUNTING |
| LU86815 | 1987-03-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1322022C true CA1322022C (en) | 1993-09-07 |
Family
ID=19730889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000561933A Expired - Fee Related CA1322022C (en) | 1987-03-19 | 1988-03-18 | Device enabling the restoration of the mains current in the event of a breakdown of one or more elements of a series connection |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0284592B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63253858A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE93115T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1322022C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3883042T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2043892T3 (en) |
| LU (1) | LU86815A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7178961B2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2007-02-20 | Jlj, Inc. | Voltage regulated light string |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE467132B (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1992-05-25 | Swedish Airport Technology Han | FAELTLJUSANORDNING |
| FR2663183B1 (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1997-04-11 | Fd Eclairage Architectural | LOW VOLTAGE LAMP SUPPLY CIRCUIT ARRANGED IN SERIES. |
| NL9201189A (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-02-01 | Algra Fotometaal Bv | SERIES CHAIN, EQUIPPED WITH BY-PASS CIRCUITS, AND BY-PASS CIRCULATION TO BE USED THEREIN. |
| SE9300193L (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-05-21 | Airport Tech Scandinavia | Method and system of communication from the secondary side of a transformer, in particular for a lamp monitoring system for airport lights |
| US5485151A (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1996-01-16 | Adb-Alnaco, Inc. | Airfield lighting system |
| US5638057A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1997-06-10 | Adb-Alnaco, Inc. | Ground fault detection and measurement system for airfield lighting system |
| US5648723A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1997-07-15 | Adb-Alnaco, Inc. | Method and apparatus for separating and analyzing composite AC/DC waveforms |
| US20020047594A1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2002-04-25 | Janning John L. | Series connected light string with filament shunting |
| US7732942B2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2010-06-08 | Jlj, Inc. | Flasher bulbs with shunt wiring for use in series connected light string with filament shunting in bulb sockets |
| US7279809B2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2007-10-09 | Jlj, Inc. | Christmas light string with single Zener shunts |
| BE1009634A3 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-06-03 | Vignisse Pierre | Electronic devices with controllable voltage pulse. |
| US5926115A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1999-07-20 | Adb Alnaco, Inc. | Airfield series circuit communications lighting system and method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH427021A (en) * | 1964-07-03 | 1966-12-31 | Danfoss As | Device for compensating for the failure of a series resistor when connected in series, in particular when lighting a Christmas tree |
| DE1960589A1 (en) * | 1969-12-03 | 1971-06-24 | Pintsch Bamag Ag | Device for automatically switching on the reserve thread of double thread lamps, especially in signal systems |
| DE2308464A1 (en) * | 1973-02-21 | 1974-08-22 | Heinz Laass | PROTECTIVE SWITCH ARRANGEMENT FOR ELECTRICAL DEVICES OR CIRCUITS AGAINST DESTRUCTIVE, ABUSIVE EXTERNAL VOLTAGES |
| US3912966A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1975-10-14 | Gen Electric | Incandescent lamp series string having protection against voltage surges |
| DE3209186A1 (en) * | 1982-03-13 | 1983-09-15 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Circuit arrangement for limiting overvoltages |
-
1987
- 1987-03-19 LU LU86815A patent/LU86815A1/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-03-14 ES ES88870046T patent/ES2043892T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-14 EP EP88870046A patent/EP0284592B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-14 AT AT88870046T patent/ATE93115T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-14 DE DE88870046T patent/DE3883042T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-18 JP JP63067051A patent/JPS63253858A/en active Pending
- 1988-03-18 CA CA000561933A patent/CA1322022C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7178961B2 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 2007-02-20 | Jlj, Inc. | Voltage regulated light string |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3883042D1 (en) | 1993-09-16 |
| LU86815A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| EP0284592A1 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| ES2043892T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
| EP0284592B1 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| ATE93115T1 (en) | 1993-08-15 |
| JPS63253858A (en) | 1988-10-20 |
| DE3883042T2 (en) | 1993-12-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |