CA1315696C - High speed composite turbine wheel - Google Patents
High speed composite turbine wheelInfo
- Publication number
- CA1315696C CA1315696C CA000612099A CA612099A CA1315696C CA 1315696 C CA1315696 C CA 1315696C CA 000612099 A CA000612099 A CA 000612099A CA 612099 A CA612099 A CA 612099A CA 1315696 C CA1315696 C CA 1315696C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- oriented fibers
- rim
- wheel
- blades
- fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The wheel comprises a central portion, or rim provided with blades at its peripheral portion and is made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix. The fibrous renforcement is formed by means of a helical fabric with radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers. The density of fibers in a radial direction and the density of fibers in a circumferential direction varies along a radius of the wheel as a function of the variations of the radial stresses and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when it is in operation. At least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having high mechanical resistance, while at least part of circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and at least part of the axially oriented fibers are made of a material having good resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks.
The wheel comprises a central portion, or rim provided with blades at its peripheral portion and is made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix. The fibrous renforcement is formed by means of a helical fabric with radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers. The density of fibers in a radial direction and the density of fibers in a circumferential direction varies along a radius of the wheel as a function of the variations of the radial stresses and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when it is in operation. At least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having high mechanical resistance, while at least part of circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and at least part of the axially oriented fibers are made of a material having good resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE lNVEMTION
The present invention relates to a composite material wheel intended for high-speed operation, in particular for use in an aeronautical engine. Here, the term high-speed is understood to mean linear peripheral speeds in excess of 500 m/s.
It has already ~een proposed, e.g. in document FR-A-2,476, 766, to produce a one-piece composite turbine wheal comprisinq a central portion, or rim, fitted with peripheral blades. The composite material consists of a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, with the orientation of the reinforcing fibers determined as a function of the stresses exerted on the wheel when in operation.
SU2~RY OF THE INVENTION
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a turbine wheel of the above type but having significantly improved performance, both mechanically and as regards resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A high-speed turbine wheel comprising:
a central portion comprising a rim, blades provided at the periphery of the rim, the rim and blades being made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, wherein the reinforcement comprises a helical fabric with radially oriented fiberæ and circumferentially oriented fibers, with the ratio between the density of the radially oriented fibers and the density of the circumfexentially oriented fibers varying along a radius of the wheel from a value lower than one in a hub portion of the rim adjacent the internal diameter of the rim, to a value higher than one in a blades rooting zone of the rim adjacent the external diameter of the rim, and then decreasing in ' , . ~ '~ ' , 3 j la said blades from said blades rooting zone to the extremities of the blades, whereby the densities of the radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers vary along the radius of the wheel as a function of the variation of radial and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when in operation, and wherein at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having substantial mechanical resistance, while at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and the radially oriented fibers are made of a material having substantial resistance to high temperature and chemical attacks.
The combination of a fiber density that is graded in both a radial direction and a circumferential direction as a function of the stresses exerted in the wheel, with a selection of fiber materials having specific properties adapted to 2 ~ 3 ~
different parts of the wheel, makes it possible to produce a turbine wheel that can withstand high stresses while having good longevity, even in a chemically and thermally aggressive environment.
05 ~IEF DES~RIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention shall be more clearly understood from the following description, given as a non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a three-quarter view of a turbine wheel, - Figure 2 is a schematic view of a length of helical fabric used for forming the fibrous reinforcement of the composite material constituting the turbine wheel according to the invention, - Figure 3 shows the variations in circumferential and radial stresses as a function of the wheel diameter;
- Figure 4 shows a typical stress versus strain curve for a composite material comprising a refractory fiber reinforcement and a ceramic matrix; and - Figure 5 shows the evolution of fiber density in the helical fabric along circumferential and radial directions, taking into account the stresses, whose variation is illustrated in figure 3.
Figure 1 shows a turbine wheel ~0 comprising, in a classic way, a rim 12 in the form of an annular disk whose central portion forms a hub 14, and blades distributed around the periphery of the rim.
In accordance with the invention, the wheel is made from a single piece of composite material whose fibrous reinforcement is obtained by means of a helical fabric, as shown in figure 2.
Helical fabrics and their manufacturing processes are well known in the art. In the illustrated example, the fabric ~0 is made of warp threads 22 oriented in the circumferential direction and weft threads 24 oriented in the radial direction. The density of warp threads from one edge of the fabric to the other can be decreased or increased by spreading or bunching the threads. The density of weft threads from one edge of the fabric to the other, i.e. along a radius, can also be varied by inserting the weft , 3 ~ 3 ~
threads over all or part of the warp, not necessarily starting from the edge of the latter.
A preform of the wheel is obtained by tightening together the spirals of the helical fabric, whose number and fiber density 05 correspond to the thickness required for the preform, as shown in ~igure 2. The outer diameter of the preform is deliberately made greater than that of the finished wheel, inclusive of the blades, to account for the reduction in dimensions resulting from the ~inal machining operation.
According to the invention, the densities of circumferentially oriented fibers and radially oriented fibers vary with the radius so as to be adapted to the stresses exerted on the wheel during its operation.
Figure 3 shows the variations in circumferential and radial stresses in a turbine wheel made of linearly elastic isotropic material, such as that shown in figure 1, having an internal diameter of 33 mm, an external diameter of 220 mm (including blades) and an external rim diameter of 155 mm.
As shown by curve C in figure 3, the circumferential stresses decrease along the radius, starting from the inner radius of the rim, with a stronger decrease in the section forming the hub.
In contrast, curve R in figure 3 shows that radial stresses increase from the inner radius of the rim, in the section forming the hub, and thereafter decrease up to the external radius o~ the rim. A large and ubrupt increase in radial stresses is observed at the blade roots, beyond which radial stresses steadily decrease when going to the external radius of the wheel.
The use of a composite material consisting of a refractory ceramic fiber (such as carbon, silicon carbide, alumina, alumina-silica, etc...) and a ceramic or refractory matrix such as silicon carbide, makes it possible to considerably reduce the calculated maximum stresses in the wheel.
Indeed, as is shown in figure 4, the tensile strength curve for such a material reveals a "plastic'~ phase, beyond the elastic phase (~one A), which is generally attributed to a micro-cracking o~ the matrix. This type o~ ceramic composite material there~ore accommodates local over-stresses without fragile breakage or su~sequent propagation of cracks to the rest of the 05 wheel. Such materials make it possible to reduce circumferential stresses at the level of the bore by about 20 to 25%.
The tailoring of the fiber density to the stress values in the circumferential and radial directions is achieved by acting on the relative proportions of warp threads (circumferential threads) and weft threads (radial threads) between the inner and outer edges of the helical fabric (i.e. along a radius). In other words, the proportion of warp threads is greater than that of weft threads in areas where circumferential stresses exceed radial stresses, and vice-versa.
Figure 5, which shows a section of helical fabrie, indicates how the ratio r/c e~olves along a radius, where r is the relative proportion of radial threads and c is the relative proportion of circumferential threads. In a first zone corresponding to the hub portion of the rim, the ratio r/c is on average equal to 30/70, the stresses at that level being essentially in a circumferential direction. In a second zone, corresponding to the rest of the rim except for its peripheral portions where the blades are rooted, the ratio r/c is on average equal to 50/50. In a third zone, corresponding to part where the blades are rooted in the rim (the base of the blades), the ratio r/c is on average equal to 70/30, the stresses being essentially exerted in a radial direction. Finally, in a fourth zone corresponding to the blades outside the rim, the ratio r/c progresses from 70/3û to 33/~6, this being naturally achieved with the use of radial threads that extend throughout the length of the blades, without returning in between (whence a gradual decrease in the radial thread density) and with regularly spaced circumferential threads (whence a substantially constant ; circumferential thread density). It will be understood that there ; 35 is no sudden discontinuity in the ratio r/c when going from one zone to the other, the changes in this ratio being progressive.
, ' s 1 3 ~ 3 ~
The absolute values for fibPr densities tr in a radial direction and fiber densities tc in a circumferential direction are chosen to provide the finished product with the mechanical resistancerequired to withstand the stresses exerted thereon. For 05 instance, the density of circumferential ~ibers at the level of the inner diameter will be chosen to make the latter withstand the circumferential forces at that level. For the rest o~ the wheel, the density values tc and tr are chosen so that they satisfy the predetermined evolution of the ratio r/c. It should be ensured that there is a suf~icient density of radial or circumferential fibers in the most exposed zones; to this end, there should at least be a minimum density of radial fibers at the blade root base to ensure good anchoring of the blades. What is meant here by fiber density for a zone, is the percentage of that ~5 zone occupied by the fibers.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the fibers are chosen so as to present properties adapted to the operating conditions of the wheel.
When the wheel is active, especially in a turbojet, it 2û is exposed - particularly at its peripheral portion - to high temperatures and chemical attacks. Consequently, the radial fibers, which can extend up to the external radius, and the circumferential fibers in the part corresponding to the blades, are ~hosen to be at least partially made of a material that is above all capable of withstanding high temperatures and chemical attacks. ûne candidate material is silicon carbide, even though its mechanical characteristics are in~erior to those of carbon threads. On the other hand, in the rim, where circumferential stresses are high but thermal and chemical attacks are l~ss ; 30 severe, the circumferential fibers are selected to be at least partially made of a material that is above all capable of withstanding high mechanical stresses, such as carbon, even though it does not resist so well to high temperatures and chemical attacks as silicon carbide~ Therefore, the helical fabric is woven so that the warp fibers are made of e.g. carbon for the part corresponding to the rim, and silioon carbide 6 ~ 3 ~.2~
for the par~ corresponding to the blades, while the weft threads are made of silicon carbide.
Once the wheel preform has been produced by tightening of the spirals of the helical fabric, as explained above, it is kept 05 in shape impregnation with a fugitive resin so as to be machinable in view of obtaining a wheel blank. The latter is then introduced into a tool for densification by the material constituting the composite material matrix. Densification is preferably achieved by vapor-phase infiltration of the matrix material, which can be silicon carbide. Vapor phase infiltration of silicon carbide is a well known process, in particular described in document FR-A-2,401 888. The fugitive resin is in this case eliminated during the temperature rise prior to infiltration, with the blank held by the tool. When the densification is completed, the wheel is machined to its final dimensions.
The present invention relates to a composite material wheel intended for high-speed operation, in particular for use in an aeronautical engine. Here, the term high-speed is understood to mean linear peripheral speeds in excess of 500 m/s.
It has already ~een proposed, e.g. in document FR-A-2,476, 766, to produce a one-piece composite turbine wheal comprisinq a central portion, or rim, fitted with peripheral blades. The composite material consists of a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, with the orientation of the reinforcing fibers determined as a function of the stresses exerted on the wheel when in operation.
SU2~RY OF THE INVENTION
An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a turbine wheel of the above type but having significantly improved performance, both mechanically and as regards resistance to high temperatures and chemical attacks.
An aspect of the invention is as follows:
A high-speed turbine wheel comprising:
a central portion comprising a rim, blades provided at the periphery of the rim, the rim and blades being made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, wherein the reinforcement comprises a helical fabric with radially oriented fiberæ and circumferentially oriented fibers, with the ratio between the density of the radially oriented fibers and the density of the circumfexentially oriented fibers varying along a radius of the wheel from a value lower than one in a hub portion of the rim adjacent the internal diameter of the rim, to a value higher than one in a blades rooting zone of the rim adjacent the external diameter of the rim, and then decreasing in ' , . ~ '~ ' , 3 j la said blades from said blades rooting zone to the extremities of the blades, whereby the densities of the radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers vary along the radius of the wheel as a function of the variation of radial and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when in operation, and wherein at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having substantial mechanical resistance, while at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and the radially oriented fibers are made of a material having substantial resistance to high temperature and chemical attacks.
The combination of a fiber density that is graded in both a radial direction and a circumferential direction as a function of the stresses exerted in the wheel, with a selection of fiber materials having specific properties adapted to 2 ~ 3 ~
different parts of the wheel, makes it possible to produce a turbine wheel that can withstand high stresses while having good longevity, even in a chemically and thermally aggressive environment.
05 ~IEF DES~RIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention shall be more clearly understood from the following description, given as a non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a three-quarter view of a turbine wheel, - Figure 2 is a schematic view of a length of helical fabric used for forming the fibrous reinforcement of the composite material constituting the turbine wheel according to the invention, - Figure 3 shows the variations in circumferential and radial stresses as a function of the wheel diameter;
- Figure 4 shows a typical stress versus strain curve for a composite material comprising a refractory fiber reinforcement and a ceramic matrix; and - Figure 5 shows the evolution of fiber density in the helical fabric along circumferential and radial directions, taking into account the stresses, whose variation is illustrated in figure 3.
Figure 1 shows a turbine wheel ~0 comprising, in a classic way, a rim 12 in the form of an annular disk whose central portion forms a hub 14, and blades distributed around the periphery of the rim.
In accordance with the invention, the wheel is made from a single piece of composite material whose fibrous reinforcement is obtained by means of a helical fabric, as shown in figure 2.
Helical fabrics and their manufacturing processes are well known in the art. In the illustrated example, the fabric ~0 is made of warp threads 22 oriented in the circumferential direction and weft threads 24 oriented in the radial direction. The density of warp threads from one edge of the fabric to the other can be decreased or increased by spreading or bunching the threads. The density of weft threads from one edge of the fabric to the other, i.e. along a radius, can also be varied by inserting the weft , 3 ~ 3 ~
threads over all or part of the warp, not necessarily starting from the edge of the latter.
A preform of the wheel is obtained by tightening together the spirals of the helical fabric, whose number and fiber density 05 correspond to the thickness required for the preform, as shown in ~igure 2. The outer diameter of the preform is deliberately made greater than that of the finished wheel, inclusive of the blades, to account for the reduction in dimensions resulting from the ~inal machining operation.
According to the invention, the densities of circumferentially oriented fibers and radially oriented fibers vary with the radius so as to be adapted to the stresses exerted on the wheel during its operation.
Figure 3 shows the variations in circumferential and radial stresses in a turbine wheel made of linearly elastic isotropic material, such as that shown in figure 1, having an internal diameter of 33 mm, an external diameter of 220 mm (including blades) and an external rim diameter of 155 mm.
As shown by curve C in figure 3, the circumferential stresses decrease along the radius, starting from the inner radius of the rim, with a stronger decrease in the section forming the hub.
In contrast, curve R in figure 3 shows that radial stresses increase from the inner radius of the rim, in the section forming the hub, and thereafter decrease up to the external radius o~ the rim. A large and ubrupt increase in radial stresses is observed at the blade roots, beyond which radial stresses steadily decrease when going to the external radius of the wheel.
The use of a composite material consisting of a refractory ceramic fiber (such as carbon, silicon carbide, alumina, alumina-silica, etc...) and a ceramic or refractory matrix such as silicon carbide, makes it possible to considerably reduce the calculated maximum stresses in the wheel.
Indeed, as is shown in figure 4, the tensile strength curve for such a material reveals a "plastic'~ phase, beyond the elastic phase (~one A), which is generally attributed to a micro-cracking o~ the matrix. This type o~ ceramic composite material there~ore accommodates local over-stresses without fragile breakage or su~sequent propagation of cracks to the rest of the 05 wheel. Such materials make it possible to reduce circumferential stresses at the level of the bore by about 20 to 25%.
The tailoring of the fiber density to the stress values in the circumferential and radial directions is achieved by acting on the relative proportions of warp threads (circumferential threads) and weft threads (radial threads) between the inner and outer edges of the helical fabric (i.e. along a radius). In other words, the proportion of warp threads is greater than that of weft threads in areas where circumferential stresses exceed radial stresses, and vice-versa.
Figure 5, which shows a section of helical fabrie, indicates how the ratio r/c e~olves along a radius, where r is the relative proportion of radial threads and c is the relative proportion of circumferential threads. In a first zone corresponding to the hub portion of the rim, the ratio r/c is on average equal to 30/70, the stresses at that level being essentially in a circumferential direction. In a second zone, corresponding to the rest of the rim except for its peripheral portions where the blades are rooted, the ratio r/c is on average equal to 50/50. In a third zone, corresponding to part where the blades are rooted in the rim (the base of the blades), the ratio r/c is on average equal to 70/30, the stresses being essentially exerted in a radial direction. Finally, in a fourth zone corresponding to the blades outside the rim, the ratio r/c progresses from 70/3û to 33/~6, this being naturally achieved with the use of radial threads that extend throughout the length of the blades, without returning in between (whence a gradual decrease in the radial thread density) and with regularly spaced circumferential threads (whence a substantially constant ; circumferential thread density). It will be understood that there ; 35 is no sudden discontinuity in the ratio r/c when going from one zone to the other, the changes in this ratio being progressive.
, ' s 1 3 ~ 3 ~
The absolute values for fibPr densities tr in a radial direction and fiber densities tc in a circumferential direction are chosen to provide the finished product with the mechanical resistancerequired to withstand the stresses exerted thereon. For 05 instance, the density of circumferential ~ibers at the level of the inner diameter will be chosen to make the latter withstand the circumferential forces at that level. For the rest o~ the wheel, the density values tc and tr are chosen so that they satisfy the predetermined evolution of the ratio r/c. It should be ensured that there is a suf~icient density of radial or circumferential fibers in the most exposed zones; to this end, there should at least be a minimum density of radial fibers at the blade root base to ensure good anchoring of the blades. What is meant here by fiber density for a zone, is the percentage of that ~5 zone occupied by the fibers.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the fibers are chosen so as to present properties adapted to the operating conditions of the wheel.
When the wheel is active, especially in a turbojet, it 2û is exposed - particularly at its peripheral portion - to high temperatures and chemical attacks. Consequently, the radial fibers, which can extend up to the external radius, and the circumferential fibers in the part corresponding to the blades, are ~hosen to be at least partially made of a material that is above all capable of withstanding high temperatures and chemical attacks. ûne candidate material is silicon carbide, even though its mechanical characteristics are in~erior to those of carbon threads. On the other hand, in the rim, where circumferential stresses are high but thermal and chemical attacks are l~ss ; 30 severe, the circumferential fibers are selected to be at least partially made of a material that is above all capable of withstanding high mechanical stresses, such as carbon, even though it does not resist so well to high temperatures and chemical attacks as silicon carbide~ Therefore, the helical fabric is woven so that the warp fibers are made of e.g. carbon for the part corresponding to the rim, and silioon carbide 6 ~ 3 ~.2~
for the par~ corresponding to the blades, while the weft threads are made of silicon carbide.
Once the wheel preform has been produced by tightening of the spirals of the helical fabric, as explained above, it is kept 05 in shape impregnation with a fugitive resin so as to be machinable in view of obtaining a wheel blank. The latter is then introduced into a tool for densification by the material constituting the composite material matrix. Densification is preferably achieved by vapor-phase infiltration of the matrix material, which can be silicon carbide. Vapor phase infiltration of silicon carbide is a well known process, in particular described in document FR-A-2,401 888. The fugitive resin is in this case eliminated during the temperature rise prior to infiltration, with the blank held by the tool. When the densification is completed, the wheel is machined to its final dimensions.
Claims (4)
1. A high-speed turbine wheel comprising:
a central portion comprising a rim, blades provided at the periphery of the rim, the rim and blades being made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, wherein the reinforcement comprises a helical fabric with radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers, with the ratio between the density of the radially oriented fibers and the density of the circumferentially oriented fibers varying along a radius of the wheel from a value lower than one in a hub portion of the rim adjacent the internal diameter of the rim, to a value higher than one in a blades rooting zone of the rim adjacent the external diameter of the rim, and then decreasing in said blades from said blades rooting zone to the extremities of the blades, whereby the densities of the radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers vary along the radius of the wheel as a function of the variation of radial and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when in operation, and wherein at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having substantial mechanical resistance, while at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and the radially oriented fibers are made of a material having substantial resistance to high temperature and chemical attacks.
a central portion comprising a rim, blades provided at the periphery of the rim, the rim and blades being made of a single piece of composite material formed by a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, wherein the reinforcement comprises a helical fabric with radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers, with the ratio between the density of the radially oriented fibers and the density of the circumferentially oriented fibers varying along a radius of the wheel from a value lower than one in a hub portion of the rim adjacent the internal diameter of the rim, to a value higher than one in a blades rooting zone of the rim adjacent the external diameter of the rim, and then decreasing in said blades from said blades rooting zone to the extremities of the blades, whereby the densities of the radially oriented fibers and circumferentially oriented fibers vary along the radius of the wheel as a function of the variation of radial and circumferential stresses that are exerted on the wheel when in operation, and wherein at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of a material having substantial mechanical resistance, while at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and the radially oriented fibers are made of a material having substantial resistance to high temperature and chemical attacks.
2. A wheel as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the rim are made of carbon.
3. A wheel as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said at least part of the circumferentially oriented fibers in the blades and the radially oriented fibers are made of silicon carbide.
4. A wheel as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the matrix is made of silicon carbide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8812853A FR2637319B1 (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1988-09-30 | HIGH SPEED TURBINE WHEEL IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
| FR8812853 | 1988-09-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1315696C true CA1315696C (en) | 1993-04-06 |
Family
ID=9370590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000612099A Expired - Fee Related CA1315696C (en) | 1988-09-30 | 1989-09-20 | High speed composite turbine wheel |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0362074B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2950554B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE89364T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1315696C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68906498T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2041023T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2637319B1 (en) |
| IE (1) | IE62818B1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO893887L (en) |
| PT (1) | PT91839B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2723868B1 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1996-09-20 | Snecma | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A METAL CIRCULAR PIECE WITH BLADES |
| JPH09157049A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1997-06-17 | Senshin Zairyo Riyou Gas Jienereeta Kenkyusho:Kk | Production of ceramic composite material |
| US6595751B1 (en) * | 2000-06-08 | 2003-07-22 | The Boeing Company | Composite rotor having recessed radial splines for high torque applications |
| NL1024463C2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-07 | Polymarin Holding B V | Rotor for use in a wind turbine and method for making the rotor. |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1090722A (en) * | 1964-01-15 | 1967-11-15 | Rolls Royce | Method of making a bladed rotor for a fluid flow machine, e.g. a gas turbine engine |
| DE1629442A1 (en) * | 1966-02-25 | 1971-02-04 | Gen Electric | Impeller and process for its manufacture |
| US3501090A (en) * | 1968-01-29 | 1970-03-17 | Gen Electric | Composite bladed rotors |
| FR2401888A1 (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-30 | Europ Propulsion | Impregnating porous carbon body with refractory material - esp. carbide, boride and/or nitride to improve compressive strength and erosion resistance |
| US4354804A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1982-10-19 | Williams Research Corporation | Composite turbine wheel, method of manufacture and fixture therefor |
| US4363602A (en) * | 1980-02-27 | 1982-12-14 | General Electric Company | Composite air foil and disc assembly |
| JPS5766939A (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-04-23 | Komatsu Ltd | Manufacture of turbine impeller |
| US4464097A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-08-07 | General Electric Company | Turbomachinery rotor and method of manufacture |
| FR2568937B1 (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1988-10-28 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A TURBINE OR COMPRESSOR WHEEL OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND WHEEL THUS OBTAINED |
-
1988
- 1988-09-30 FR FR8812853A patent/FR2637319B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-08-28 PT PT91839A patent/PT91839B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-20 CA CA000612099A patent/CA1315696C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-27 IE IE309989A patent/IE62818B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-29 AT AT89402683T patent/ATE89364T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-09-29 EP EP89402683A patent/EP0362074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-29 NO NO89893887A patent/NO893887L/en unknown
- 1989-09-29 DE DE89402683T patent/DE68906498T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-09-29 ES ES198989402683T patent/ES2041023T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-09-29 JP JP1252536A patent/JP2950554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0362074B1 (en) | 1993-05-12 |
| FR2637319B1 (en) | 1994-02-25 |
| IE893099L (en) | 1990-03-30 |
| ES2041023T3 (en) | 1993-11-01 |
| DE68906498T2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
| PT91839A (en) | 1990-03-30 |
| PT91839B (en) | 1995-07-18 |
| DE68906498D1 (en) | 1993-06-17 |
| FR2637319A1 (en) | 1990-04-06 |
| ATE89364T1 (en) | 1993-05-15 |
| NO893887L (en) | 1990-04-02 |
| IE62818B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
| EP0362074A1 (en) | 1990-04-04 |
| NO893887D0 (en) | 1989-09-29 |
| JP2950554B2 (en) | 1999-09-20 |
| JPH02176102A (en) | 1990-07-09 |
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