CA1312423C - Controlled deflection of flexible scraper strands - Google Patents
Controlled deflection of flexible scraper strandsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1312423C CA1312423C CA000596623A CA596623A CA1312423C CA 1312423 C CA1312423 C CA 1312423C CA 000596623 A CA000596623 A CA 000596623A CA 596623 A CA596623 A CA 596623A CA 1312423 C CA1312423 C CA 1312423C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conveyor belt
- scraper
- tension member
- scraping
- spacing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Abstract
"CONTROLLED DEFLECTION OF FLEXIBLE SCRAPER STRANDS"
Abstract A conveyor belt scraper assembly includes an array of transversely extending, flexible scraper members engaging, in an operative position, a conveyor belt surface to be cleaned. The flexible scraper members are resiliently biased in frictional engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt by a tension spring. Each scraper member includes a flexible tension member, a plurality of scraper blades movably coupled to the tension member, and spacer springs yieldably separating the scraper blades. The scraper blades are differently sized relative to each other to impose different static deflections at separate points along the flexible tension member relative to the conveyor belt surface. According to this arrangement, the deflection forces are shifted to the scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable, thereby avoiding a concentration of forces on the leading scraper blade which could lead to premature wear and breakage of the tension member.
Abstract A conveyor belt scraper assembly includes an array of transversely extending, flexible scraper members engaging, in an operative position, a conveyor belt surface to be cleaned. The flexible scraper members are resiliently biased in frictional engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt by a tension spring. Each scraper member includes a flexible tension member, a plurality of scraper blades movably coupled to the tension member, and spacer springs yieldably separating the scraper blades. The scraper blades are differently sized relative to each other to impose different static deflections at separate points along the flexible tension member relative to the conveyor belt surface. According to this arrangement, the deflection forces are shifted to the scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable, thereby avoiding a concentration of forces on the leading scraper blade which could lead to premature wear and breakage of the tension member.
Description
1312~
CONTROLLED DEFLECTION OF FLEXIBLE SCRAPER STRANDS
This invention relates to cleaning or scraping devices utilized for removing material which adheres to a conveyor belt or pulley drum.
In the operation of bulk material belt conveyors, a scraper assembly is provided for removing adhering material from the load surface of a conveyor belt an~ depositing it into a discharge area. In the absence of a cleaning device, or as a result of a poorly functioning belt scraper, carry-over will be accumulated beneath the conveyor belt. In addition to constituting a nuisance, a large amount of val-uable product will be deposited beneath the conveyor and may build up sufflciently to interfere with operatlon of the conveyor. For example, a volume of spillage material 1~16"
~1.6mm) deep and 1" (25mm) wide will produce approximately
CONTROLLED DEFLECTION OF FLEXIBLE SCRAPER STRANDS
This invention relates to cleaning or scraping devices utilized for removing material which adheres to a conveyor belt or pulley drum.
In the operation of bulk material belt conveyors, a scraper assembly is provided for removing adhering material from the load surface of a conveyor belt an~ depositing it into a discharge area. In the absence of a cleaning device, or as a result of a poorly functioning belt scraper, carry-over will be accumulated beneath the conveyor belt. In addition to constituting a nuisance, a large amount of val-uable product will be deposited beneath the conveyor and may build up sufflciently to interfere with operatlon of the conveyor. For example, a volume of spillage material 1~16"
~1.6mm) deep and 1" (25mm) wide will produce approximately
2-1/2 subic feet ~.075 cubic meters) of carry-over per 100 131242~
feet per mlnute (.48 meters per second) of belt speed each hour. At a conveyor speed of 500 feet per minute (2.5 meters per second)~ this small stream produces approximately 10 tonnes of carry-over spillage every eight hours, based on a density of 100 lbs. per cubic foot (1500 kg/cubic meter).
Consequently, there is considerable interest ln improving the operation and efficiency of conveyor belt cleaning devices.
Conventional conveyor belt cleaning devices gener-10 ally include one or more blades disposed in a planetransverse to the conveyor belt and are urged toward the belt so as to cause engagement of an edge of the blade with the belt surface. Such conveyor belt cleaning devices must be located rearwardly of the head pulley drum on the return 15 path of the conveyor belt so that sufficient flexibility in the belt is provided to permit transverse movement thereof when protruding ob~ects pass the cleanlng device. In such arrangements, the belt cleaning device is hampered con-stantly by obstructions such as mechanical fasteners carried 20 by the belt at high speeds, which are often driven by hun-dreds of horsepower.
Among the various improved belt scrapers which have been proposed or are now in use are conveyor belt scrapers which include a plurality of wear resistant scraper elements 25 mounted on one or more flexlble tension members for yield-able engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt. This belt scraper assembly is posltioned beneath the ~.31'~23 overhang defined by the discharge pulley drum. Each flexl-ble tension member and associated scraper elements is held in a helical course of engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt. An uppermost crossbar is located 5 inwardly of the overhang portion of the pulley so that conveyed material will not wedge between the belt surface and the bar. A lower crossbar is located near the tangent line of the belt and pulley. The arcuate course followed by the separate cleaning members closely conforms with the sur-10 face of the conveyor belt as it curves around the pulleydrum. Elastic tension induced in each flexible cleaning member applies a yleldable thrust against the curved conveyor belt surface.
The foregolng flexlble scraper assemblles have 15 proven effective and efficient in cleanlng conveyor belt surfaces in a wide varlety of applications. However, severe tension loads may be induced within the cable strands under certain load conditions. The tension developed within the cables which support the scraper elements vary in a non-20 llnear relatlonship with the frictional force of engagementestablished between the scraper elements and the conveyor belt. The coefficient of frictlonal engagement varles from a level of about 0.2 ~floating) to a level of about l.0, in which seizure engagement may occur. The effect is similar 25 to operation of a band brake ln whlch the band brake rldes (floats) freely upon a shaft with nomlnal drag (friction 0.2), and when the frictional forces rise above a crossover level, seizure engagement occurs (friction 1.0).
1312~2~
Such locking engagement can occur between the scraper elements and the belt in the absence of load mate-rial when there is d~rect engagement between the scraping elements and the conveyor belt itself, or when the 5 deflection of the scraper cable and the thrusting force of engagement between the flexible scraper and the conveyor belt becomes excessive. In response to such severe loading, the scraper elements deflect and lock onto the cable, thereby transmitting damaging pinching forces onto the 10 cable, and causing premature wear or failure.
A particularly damaging situation has been encoun-tered in the operation of conveyor belts in an unloaded condition. When the conveyor belt is operated unloaded, there ls increased frictional engagement between the scraper 15 blades and the belt surface ln the absence of adhering mate-rlal which buffers the scraper blades. The operation of a conveyor belt :Ln an unloaded condition may occur, for example, when the loadlng hopper depletes and the conveyor is kept running until the hopper is reloaded. Unloaded 20 operation may take place ln a multiple conveyor belt installation, where the conveyor belts are started at dif-ferent times and are run in unloaded condition until all conveyor belts are up to speed. It is not uncommon for such an operation involving multiple conveyor belts to run 25 unloaded over a period of two hours or more. Additionally, the effect of running a conveyor belt in an unloaded condi-tion is experienced when a belt having a higher capacity ~ 312~%3 5_ (e.g. soO tonnes per hour) is fed at a substantlally lower rate, for example 200 tonnes per hour, so that a substantial portion of the conveyor belt is running clean.
Another situatlon ln whlch the scraper elements may 5 be sub~ected to damaging loading is in connection with conveyors which handle wood chips. The sap level within the wood chips varies seasonally, and when sap rises within the trees, the wood chips will deposit sap onto the conveyor belt. When the sap hardens, it forms a resinous layer on 10 the belt which imposes a substantlal drag factor on the scraper blades. When this occurs, the scraper blades will pull over, lock against the cable, and pinching forces which develop may cause the cable to shear.
In each of the foregoing sltuatlons, the dynamlc 15 loading effect associated with the material adhering to the belt, and the direct engagement of the scraper blades against the belt when it is running empty, imposes extreme tension forces within the scraper strands, which inevitably leads to premature wear and breakage of the cables.
In the foregoing prior art arrangements, the scraper elements have been of uniform size, either clrcular discs or rectangular blades. Because of such uniform size, the static deflection of the flexible support cable relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt was substantlally 25 e~ual ln dlsplacement along the course of scraper engage-ment. Used herein, the term "static deflection" refers to 1312~3 the spacing distance between the support cable and the conveyor belt surface at a point along the cable at which a scraper element is engaged against the belt, and with the conveyor not moving. Thus, when the scraper elements car-ried on a support cable are of equal size, the statlcdeflection as measured at each scraper element location is substantially constant, from one scraper element location to another.
During the operation of the foregoing prior art scrapers, it was assumed that a static deflectlon arrange-ment of the scraper blades would give rise to substantlally uniform deflection forces and that concentration of pinchlng forces would be avoided. Moreover, it was believed that cable failure would be equally llkely to occur at each of the scraper blade locations. However, inspection of failed prior art scrapers has indicated that each case of cable fallure has occurred at the location of the leadlng scraper blade. Inspectlon of the remainlng scraper blade locatlons has shown that the second scraper blade cable location would 20 be almost cut through, and with the cable belng worn by a lesser amount at each subsequent scraper location.
It is apparent that the reason for such cable fail-ure is that pinching forces are concentrated on the leading scraper blade. The concentration of pinching forces is 25 caused by a dynamic loading effect in which the leading scraper blade becomes an anchor point and each successive scraper blade imposes a drag force on the one ahead of it.
`` ~312~23 That is, the leading scraper blade (the first blade in the direction of belt travel) is sub~ected to the total drag force imposed by all of the scraper blades, whereas the last scraper blade is sub;ected only to a fraction of the overall 5 loading. In such prior arrangements, the cable was gulded about the conveyor belt surface somewhat in a hellcal path with the result that the "band brake" effect referred to above caused the concentration of deflectlon forces onto the leading scraper blade.
According to the present invention, the concentra-tion of forces onto the leading scraper blade, and onto each subsequent scraper blade mounted onto the cable, is relieved by controlling the deflection of the cable ln such a manner that deflection of the cable is substantially shifted to one 15 or more scraper blades located on the trailing end of the cable, wlth the leading portion of the cable extendlng in a straight line in parallel with a tangent to the belt surface. It is necessary to impose a deflection within the cable to produce a resultant thrust. In the prior art 20 arrangement, static cable deflection was imposed substan-tially uniformly onto each scraper blade as the scraper fol-lowed a helical path of engagement about the conveyor belt.
In contrast, according to the present invention, the leading portion of the cable is maintained substantially 25 straight, wlth deflection being imposed along the trailing end of the scraper cable. The resultant deflection loading is nonlinear, with the greatest deflection loading being 1312~23 imposed about the scraper blades along the traillng end of the cable. According to this arrangement, the leading por-tion of the cable is made as straight as posslble through the scraper blades which engage the conveyor belt on either S side of a tangent point, with the desired degree of deflec-tion be~ng imposed along the trailing end of the scraper cable.
Deflection loading is, accordingly, not uniform from blade-to-blade, but is shifted toward the trailing end of the cable, with the scraper blades on the traillng end being sub~ected to the greatest loading. Additionally, the overall deflection loading imposed on the scraper blades is substantially reduced as compared with the prior art arrangement, with the deflectlon loading being controlled in the sense that it is applied or focused on the scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable rather than on the leadlng end of the cable.
Because the magnitude of the deflection loading ls limited, and because deflection loading is shifted to the scraper blades mounted on the trailing end of the cable, the scraper blades are maintained in "floating" engagement with the conveyor belt. In this arrangement, the drag forces will not exceed the transition level which would cause a "band brake" seizure condition to arise which could peel away the belt surface and cause damaging pinching forces to be imposed upon the cable.
Controlled deflection is applied along the tralling end of the flexible cable in a first embodiment in which two scraper blades of equal size are symmetrically disposed about the tangent point along the leading end of the cable, with the leading end of the cable extending in parallel with a tangent line drawn through the tangent point. Controlled deflection ls obtained by extending the trailing end of the scraper cable inwardly toward the conveyor belt. According to this arrangement, the magnitude of the applied deflection force is limited and controlled by the degree of angular displacement, and the deflection force is shifted away from the scraper blade mounted on the leading end of the cable to the scraper blade mounted on the trailing end of the cable.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of deflection forces are shifted frGm the leading scraper blade by providlng scraper elements having different slzes relative to each other for imposlng a controlled deflectlon along the traillng end of the flexible cable. In one embodiment, two scraper blades 20 f equal slze are disposed about the tangent point along the leading end of the cable, wlth the size of one or more scraper blades along the tralllng end of the cable being larger. In that arrangement, the smaller scraper blades are symmetrically located on the leading end of the cable at 25 first and second deflection points whlch are substantially equally spaced about the tangent point. One or m~re larger scraper blades are spaced along the trailing end of the cable for establ~shing a desired level of deflection.
In an alternatlve arrangement, the statlc deflec-tion polnts along the support cable are located at successlvely greater deflectlon distances relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt. In this arrangement, the size of the scraper elements increases from one deflec-tlon point to another along the cable in the dlrectlon of conveyor belt movement. That is, the flexlble support cable is spaced at successively greater static deflection dis-tances with respect to the conveyor belt by the successively larger scraper elements. As a result of thls arrangement, the leadlng end of the cable ls maintained substantlally straight, with the desired deflection belng establlshed lncrementally along the trailing end of the cable.
The superior features and advantages of the present inventlon wlll be further appreciated by those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed descriptlon as follows in con~unction wlth the attached drawings, whereln:
Figure 1 ls a perspective underneath vlew of a head pulley drum of a conveyor belt assembly, lllustratlng one form of a conveyor belt cleanlng device ln operation;
Flgure 2 ls a side elevation vlew of the same conveyor belt cleaning devlce as shown in Flgure l;
Flgure 3 is a simplified side elevation view of a two-blade scraper device constructed accordlng to the pre-sent invention;
Figure 4 is a slmplified elevatlon view whichillustrates deflection engagement of the scraper device of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3 which illus-trates a three-blade arrangement;
Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 which illus-trates deflection engagement of the three-blade arrangement;
Figure 7 is a side elevation view of a single scraper strand having scraper blades of unequal size;
Figure 8 is a simplified elevation vlew which illustrates deflection engagement of the scraper of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a slde elevation vlew of 3 single scraper strand having scraper blades of unequal size and 15 unequal spacing;
Figure 10 is a simplified elevation view which lllustrates deflection engagement of the scraper of Figure 9;
Flgure ll is a simplified eleva-tion view which illustrates deflection enyagement of a four-blade scraper;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a single scraper strand having multiple scraper blades;
Figure 13 is a simplified elevational view which 1312~23 lllustrates de~lection engagement of a symmetrical four-blade scraper; and, Figure 14 is a slde elevation view of the symmetri-cal scraper of Figure 13.
In the description which follows like parts are indicated throughout the speclfication and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts have been exaggerated to better ~llustrate details of the present invention.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawlngs, a conveyor belt cleanlng assembly generally lndlcated by the numeral 10 is located beneath the overhang of a head pulley drum 12 supportiny a conveyor belt 14 passing therearound.
15 The conveyor belt 14 ls an endless flexible belt, travellng over drive, tail-end and bend pulleys 16, and over belt idlers or a slider bed. The conveyor belt 14 is suitable for handling a variety of materials in a wide range of par-ticle sizes over long distances, up and down slopes.
The supporting framework for the conveyor belt cleaning assembly 10 includes two parallel transversely extendlng crossbars '8, 20 which provide lower and upper supports for an array of flexible cleaning devlces 22. It will be understood that the head pulley drum 12 and bend pulley 16 are mounted on shafts 24, 26 respectively, whlch are supported at opposite ends for rotation on bearings in the usual manner.
1312~23 The uppermost crossbar 20 is located inwardly of the overhang portion of the head pulley drum so that conveyed material, and in particular lumps thereof, will not become wedged between the belt surface and the bar 20 when traveling along the discharge path within a discharge chute.
The lower support bar 18 ls located substantially beneath the axis of rotation of the head pulley drum 12 and a small distance away from the belt surface itself. The crossbars 18, 20 are stabilized at each end by braces 28, 30.
The frame of the scraper assembly 10 is rigidly mounted onto the conveyor structure, with its orientation relative to the curved surface of th~ conveyor belt in the overhang region belng fixed, thereby preserving the helical en~agement of the flexlble cleaning members 22. The lower 15 crossbar 18 and upper crossbar 20 are dimensioned and spaced appropriately whereby the upper spacing between the leading edge of the crossbar 20 with respect to the curved surface of the conveyor belt is about 3/4" (20mm) clear of the belt surface, with the lower crossbar 18 spacing being about 1"
(25mm) clear of the belt surface.
The line between the crossbars 18, 20 intersects the curved path of the conveyor belt 14 and thus a flexible conveyor belt cleaning device is required. Resilient cleanlng action is provided in the flexible cleaning member 25 22 by a series of scraper elements 32 of a wear resistant material such as tunysten carbide or hard steel alloys movably threaded onto a hlgh strength flexible tension mem-13~2423 ber 34. The tension member 34 ls preferably a stainlesssteel stranded cable. In the preferred embodiment, the scraper elements are blades 32 having a substantially rectangular configuration as shown in Figure 12. Other scraper element configurations, such as circular dlsks 32C
may be used to good advantage.
The flexible cleaning devlce 22 includes at least one anchor spring 36 connected by a hook fastener 38 through an eyelet formed in the lower crossbar 18. Each scraper element 32 is closely fitted about the tension member 34, but is slightly rotatable with respect thereto. Moreover, each scraper element is movable with respect to the tension member so that it will deflect or twist and yield to a sur-face irregularlty without snagging or otherwlse causing damage.
A preferred embodiment is illustrated in Figure 12.
The scraper elements 32 are separated by resillent spacer coils 49, preferably ln the form of a stalnless steel coil spring. The flexible tension member 34 is threaded through each scraper element 32 and through each spacer coil 40, with the spacer coil 40 at the extreme right end of the ten-slon member being ~ammed against a clamp ball 42 ad;acent the anchor spring 3~. The anchor spring 36 is retained onto the tension member 34 by the swaged clamp ball 42. Each scraper element 32 is preferably a rectangular blade of tungsten carbide steel, and is provided with an edge E for scraping load material away from the conveyor belt 14.
`` 1312~23 Unequal static deflection distances X and Y are established by spacing portions 32S and 32T, respectively.
The desired amount of compression force is devel-oped by compressing the spacer coils 40 and scraper elements 32 between the swaged clamp ball 42 at the lower end of the scraper assembly, and the clamp ball 42 at the left end of the assembly. The upper clamp ball 42 serves as a retainer for the anchor spring 36, wh~le the lower clamp ball 42 serves as a fastener for engaging the lower crossbar 18.
Each clamp ball is disposed in swaged engagement with the tension member 34 at opposite ends, respectively. According to this arrangement, the scraper elements 32 and compression coils 40 undergo compressive loading at all times, with each scraper element 32 automatically returnlng to the uprlght scraping position relative to the conveyor belt after heing deflected by a conveyor belt surface irregularity such as a protruding fastener.
Any suitable number of conveyor belt cleaning mem-bers 22, as ~ust described, may be provided to provide scraping coverage across the entire width of the conveyor belt 14. In the example illustrated in Figure 1, 14 scraping members are illustrated, but it will be appreciated that fewer or more such devices, as desired, may be utlliæed to good advantage, with the scraper element dlameter and transverse angle of engagement being ad~usted to provide complete surface coverage, according to conveyor belt dimensions.
In the illustrated embodiment of this lnvention, each of the conveyor belt cleaning devlces 22 has an anchor spring 36 secured to the lower transverse crossbar assembly 20. The cleanlng elements 32 of each scraper strand are held in yleldable contact with the belt surface by the cable 34 which is attached, at its other end, to the upper transverse crossbar 18 at a positlon laterally spaced rela-tive to the point of attachment of the upper crossbar 20.
It will be understood that as a result of the anchor spring 36 and the flexible nature of the tension mem-ber 34, each of the above described conveyor belt scraper members 22 wlll be held in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the surface of the conveyor belt 14 apart from its leading and trailing end portions. The conveyor belt scraping members 22, illustrated in this particular embodi-ment of the invention, are arranged such that they overlap in their operative positions and thereby clean the entire width of the conveyor belt apart, possibly, from the abso-lute edge regions.
The leading upper end of each tension member 34 is coupled to the upper support crossbar 1~3 by means of a ball stop 42 which ls swaged about the terminal end portion of the tension member 34. The trailing lower end portion of the tension member 34 is attached by the anchor spring 36 in 25 a notched opening or keyway formed in the lower crossbar.
The tension members 34 are cut to a preselected length determined by pulley diameter, scraper pitch and belt width.
1312~23 A desired amount of tension is induced wlthln the tension members by adjusting take-up screws (not illustrated) cou-pled between the lower crossbar 18 and the scraper frame.
Referrlng now to Figures 3 and 4, controlled 5 deflection is established by a first embodiment in which two scraper blades 32 of equal size are symmetrically disposed about a tangent point P along the leading end 34A of the cable, with the leading end 34A extending parallel with a tangent line T drawn through the tangent point P. Con-10 trolled deflection ls obtalned by extending the trailing end34B of the scraper cable inwardly toward the conveyor belt 14. A small deflectlon angle O is thereby deflned between the deflected trailing cable end portlon 34B and the pro~ection 34' of the straight leading cable segment 34A.
15 According to this arrangement, the magnitude of the applled deflection force is limited and controlled by the degree of angular displacement O. As a result, the deflection force ls shlfted away from the scraper blade 32 mounted on the leading snd 34A of the cable to the scraper blade mounted 20 onto the tralllng end 34B of the cable. It should be under-stood that the orientation lllustrated in Flgure 4 corre-sponds wlth the locatlon of statlc deflection points Q, R
relatlve to the surface of the conveyor belt 14.
Referrlng now to Flgures 5 and 6, a three-blade 25 arrangement ls lllustrated ln whlch the scraper blades 32 have equal dlmensions and equal spacing along the cable 34.
In thls arrangement, the first two scraper blades corres-1312~23 ponding wlth deflectlon points Q and R are mounted onto the leading end 34A of the cable for engaglng the conveyor belt at equally-spaced locations relative to a tangent point P.
According to this arrangement, the leading end 34A is S extended ~n parallel relatlon with a tangent line T which extends through the tangent point P. A desired amount of deflectlon is established by a third scraper blade 32 which is located at deflection point S. In this arrangement, the tralling end 34B is extended at a small deflectlon angle O
relative to the leading cable segment projection 34' to pro-duce the desired level of deflection loadiny.
According to a preferred embodiment as shown in Figures 7 and 8, a three~blade scraper assembly 22 is pro-vided with two scraper blades 32E of equal size mounted on the leading end 34A of the cable, and a larger scraper blade 34F mounted on the trailing end 34B of the cable. In th~s arrangement, the scraper blades are equally spaced by a dls-tance A along the cable 34.
In a similar arrangement as shown in Figures 9 and 10, scraper blades 32E are spaced apart by a distance A and the larger scraper blade 3~F is spaced at a greater distance B with respect to the center scraper blade 32E.
According to the arrangements as shown in Figures 8 and 10, by provlding scraper elements having dlfferent sizes relatlve to each other, it is possible to shift the concen-tration of deflection forces away from the leading scraper 1312~23 blade and thereby impose a controlled deflection along the trailing end of the flexible cable. While the unequal scraper blade arrangements can be used in combination with virtually any pulley diameter, they are particularly well suited for use with pulleys of smaller diameters.
Referring now to Figure 11, the static deflection points Q, R, S and z along the support cable 34 are located at successively greater deflection distances relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt 14. In this arrange-ment, the scraper blades 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D increase in sizefrom one deflection point to another along the cable in the directlon of conveyor belt travel. That ls, the flexible support cable is spaced at successively greater static deflection distances with respect to the conveyor ~elt by the successively larger scraper blades. As a result of thls arrangement, the leading end 34A of the cable is malntained substantially straight, and ln parallel with the tangent line T, while the deslred deflection is established incrementally along the tralling end 34B of the cable.
Controlled deflection ls provided by yet another scraper assembly 22 as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. In the arrangement of Figure 13, a first pair of scraper blades 32E of equal dimensions are spaced between a pair of larger scraper blades 32F. In this sytnmetrical arrangement, the blades are equally spaced relative to each other by a dls-tance A. A larye blade 32F and a smaller blade 32E are mounted on the leadlng end 34A of the cable, whlle a smaller blade 32E and a larger blade 32F are mounted on the trailing end 34B of the cable. The crossbars 18, 20 are positioned such that the inside smaller blades 32E are symmetrically disposed with respect to a tangent point P. According to this arrangement, the smaller blades 32E are equally spaced with respect to the tangent polnt and establish equally spaced static deflection points R, S. The larger scraper blades 32F are likewise symmetrically disposed with respect to the tangent point P and establish a second set of equally spaced static deflection points Q, Z. The trailing end 32~
of the cable is deflected by the angle 0 relative to the leading cable segment projection 34'. The pro~ection seg-ment 34' extends in parallel with the tangent line T.
According to this arrangement, the thrusting forces are reacted substantially by the blades 32E, 32F which are mounted onto the trailing end 34B of the cable.
The belt cleaning assembly 10 is mechanlcally sup-ported ad~acent the curved surface of the conveyor belt 14 in the overhang region beneath the pulley drum 12 with the inside smaller scraper blades 32E being positioned in equally spaced relatlon about a tangent point P. The assem-bly is moved toward the belt until the inside smaller scraper blades 32E engage the belt surface. In this posi-tion, the forward larger blade 32F and the trailing larger blade 32F are clear of the belt. The upper crossbar 20 is then raised until the leading scraper blade 32F is brought into contact with the curved surface of the conveyor belt, thereby establishing static deflection point Q. The lower crossbar 18 ls also raised until the tralling blade 32F
engages the curved surface of the conveyor belt, thereby establishing static deflection point Z.
In the forego~ng arrangement, the cable 34 is substantially a straight line and the scraper blades provide good floating action but have very little take-up. Tc achieve an effective level of take-up ~scraping action~, the lower crossbar 18 is again raised slightly, with the assem-bly 10 being rotated slightly about the upper crossbar 20, thereby causing the trailing cable end portion 34B to be angularly displaced inwardly by an angle O with respect to the leading cable pro~ection 34'. ~t should be understood that the foregolng set-up arrangement ls based upon static engagement of the scraper blades against the curved surface of the conveyor belt, and the illustration in Figure 14 depicts the arrangement of the cable and the scraper blades in such static engagement condition.
It will be appreciated that the *oregoing scraper arrangements are effectlve for shifting the concentration of thrust forces away from the leadlng scraper blade, wlth such thrusting forces being reacted substantially by scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable. As a result, deflection of the flexible cable 34 ls carefully controlled to provide adequate take-up while permitting the scraper blades to "float" against the conveyor belt, thereby avoiding premature wear and breakage of the cables.
feet per mlnute (.48 meters per second) of belt speed each hour. At a conveyor speed of 500 feet per minute (2.5 meters per second)~ this small stream produces approximately 10 tonnes of carry-over spillage every eight hours, based on a density of 100 lbs. per cubic foot (1500 kg/cubic meter).
Consequently, there is considerable interest ln improving the operation and efficiency of conveyor belt cleaning devices.
Conventional conveyor belt cleaning devices gener-10 ally include one or more blades disposed in a planetransverse to the conveyor belt and are urged toward the belt so as to cause engagement of an edge of the blade with the belt surface. Such conveyor belt cleaning devices must be located rearwardly of the head pulley drum on the return 15 path of the conveyor belt so that sufficient flexibility in the belt is provided to permit transverse movement thereof when protruding ob~ects pass the cleanlng device. In such arrangements, the belt cleaning device is hampered con-stantly by obstructions such as mechanical fasteners carried 20 by the belt at high speeds, which are often driven by hun-dreds of horsepower.
Among the various improved belt scrapers which have been proposed or are now in use are conveyor belt scrapers which include a plurality of wear resistant scraper elements 25 mounted on one or more flexlble tension members for yield-able engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt. This belt scraper assembly is posltioned beneath the ~.31'~23 overhang defined by the discharge pulley drum. Each flexl-ble tension member and associated scraper elements is held in a helical course of engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt. An uppermost crossbar is located 5 inwardly of the overhang portion of the pulley so that conveyed material will not wedge between the belt surface and the bar. A lower crossbar is located near the tangent line of the belt and pulley. The arcuate course followed by the separate cleaning members closely conforms with the sur-10 face of the conveyor belt as it curves around the pulleydrum. Elastic tension induced in each flexible cleaning member applies a yleldable thrust against the curved conveyor belt surface.
The foregolng flexlble scraper assemblles have 15 proven effective and efficient in cleanlng conveyor belt surfaces in a wide varlety of applications. However, severe tension loads may be induced within the cable strands under certain load conditions. The tension developed within the cables which support the scraper elements vary in a non-20 llnear relatlonship with the frictional force of engagementestablished between the scraper elements and the conveyor belt. The coefficient of frictlonal engagement varles from a level of about 0.2 ~floating) to a level of about l.0, in which seizure engagement may occur. The effect is similar 25 to operation of a band brake ln whlch the band brake rldes (floats) freely upon a shaft with nomlnal drag (friction 0.2), and when the frictional forces rise above a crossover level, seizure engagement occurs (friction 1.0).
1312~2~
Such locking engagement can occur between the scraper elements and the belt in the absence of load mate-rial when there is d~rect engagement between the scraping elements and the conveyor belt itself, or when the 5 deflection of the scraper cable and the thrusting force of engagement between the flexible scraper and the conveyor belt becomes excessive. In response to such severe loading, the scraper elements deflect and lock onto the cable, thereby transmitting damaging pinching forces onto the 10 cable, and causing premature wear or failure.
A particularly damaging situation has been encoun-tered in the operation of conveyor belts in an unloaded condition. When the conveyor belt is operated unloaded, there ls increased frictional engagement between the scraper 15 blades and the belt surface ln the absence of adhering mate-rlal which buffers the scraper blades. The operation of a conveyor belt :Ln an unloaded condition may occur, for example, when the loadlng hopper depletes and the conveyor is kept running until the hopper is reloaded. Unloaded 20 operation may take place ln a multiple conveyor belt installation, where the conveyor belts are started at dif-ferent times and are run in unloaded condition until all conveyor belts are up to speed. It is not uncommon for such an operation involving multiple conveyor belts to run 25 unloaded over a period of two hours or more. Additionally, the effect of running a conveyor belt in an unloaded condi-tion is experienced when a belt having a higher capacity ~ 312~%3 5_ (e.g. soO tonnes per hour) is fed at a substantlally lower rate, for example 200 tonnes per hour, so that a substantial portion of the conveyor belt is running clean.
Another situatlon ln whlch the scraper elements may 5 be sub~ected to damaging loading is in connection with conveyors which handle wood chips. The sap level within the wood chips varies seasonally, and when sap rises within the trees, the wood chips will deposit sap onto the conveyor belt. When the sap hardens, it forms a resinous layer on 10 the belt which imposes a substantlal drag factor on the scraper blades. When this occurs, the scraper blades will pull over, lock against the cable, and pinching forces which develop may cause the cable to shear.
In each of the foregoing sltuatlons, the dynamlc 15 loading effect associated with the material adhering to the belt, and the direct engagement of the scraper blades against the belt when it is running empty, imposes extreme tension forces within the scraper strands, which inevitably leads to premature wear and breakage of the cables.
In the foregoing prior art arrangements, the scraper elements have been of uniform size, either clrcular discs or rectangular blades. Because of such uniform size, the static deflection of the flexible support cable relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt was substantlally 25 e~ual ln dlsplacement along the course of scraper engage-ment. Used herein, the term "static deflection" refers to 1312~3 the spacing distance between the support cable and the conveyor belt surface at a point along the cable at which a scraper element is engaged against the belt, and with the conveyor not moving. Thus, when the scraper elements car-ried on a support cable are of equal size, the statlcdeflection as measured at each scraper element location is substantially constant, from one scraper element location to another.
During the operation of the foregoing prior art scrapers, it was assumed that a static deflectlon arrange-ment of the scraper blades would give rise to substantlally uniform deflection forces and that concentration of pinchlng forces would be avoided. Moreover, it was believed that cable failure would be equally llkely to occur at each of the scraper blade locations. However, inspection of failed prior art scrapers has indicated that each case of cable fallure has occurred at the location of the leadlng scraper blade. Inspectlon of the remainlng scraper blade locatlons has shown that the second scraper blade cable location would 20 be almost cut through, and with the cable belng worn by a lesser amount at each subsequent scraper location.
It is apparent that the reason for such cable fail-ure is that pinching forces are concentrated on the leading scraper blade. The concentration of pinching forces is 25 caused by a dynamic loading effect in which the leading scraper blade becomes an anchor point and each successive scraper blade imposes a drag force on the one ahead of it.
`` ~312~23 That is, the leading scraper blade (the first blade in the direction of belt travel) is sub~ected to the total drag force imposed by all of the scraper blades, whereas the last scraper blade is sub;ected only to a fraction of the overall 5 loading. In such prior arrangements, the cable was gulded about the conveyor belt surface somewhat in a hellcal path with the result that the "band brake" effect referred to above caused the concentration of deflectlon forces onto the leading scraper blade.
According to the present invention, the concentra-tion of forces onto the leading scraper blade, and onto each subsequent scraper blade mounted onto the cable, is relieved by controlling the deflection of the cable ln such a manner that deflection of the cable is substantially shifted to one 15 or more scraper blades located on the trailing end of the cable, wlth the leading portion of the cable extendlng in a straight line in parallel with a tangent to the belt surface. It is necessary to impose a deflection within the cable to produce a resultant thrust. In the prior art 20 arrangement, static cable deflection was imposed substan-tially uniformly onto each scraper blade as the scraper fol-lowed a helical path of engagement about the conveyor belt.
In contrast, according to the present invention, the leading portion of the cable is maintained substantially 25 straight, wlth deflection being imposed along the trailing end of the scraper cable. The resultant deflection loading is nonlinear, with the greatest deflection loading being 1312~23 imposed about the scraper blades along the traillng end of the cable. According to this arrangement, the leading por-tion of the cable is made as straight as posslble through the scraper blades which engage the conveyor belt on either S side of a tangent point, with the desired degree of deflec-tion be~ng imposed along the trailing end of the scraper cable.
Deflection loading is, accordingly, not uniform from blade-to-blade, but is shifted toward the trailing end of the cable, with the scraper blades on the traillng end being sub~ected to the greatest loading. Additionally, the overall deflection loading imposed on the scraper blades is substantially reduced as compared with the prior art arrangement, with the deflectlon loading being controlled in the sense that it is applied or focused on the scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable rather than on the leadlng end of the cable.
Because the magnitude of the deflection loading ls limited, and because deflection loading is shifted to the scraper blades mounted on the trailing end of the cable, the scraper blades are maintained in "floating" engagement with the conveyor belt. In this arrangement, the drag forces will not exceed the transition level which would cause a "band brake" seizure condition to arise which could peel away the belt surface and cause damaging pinching forces to be imposed upon the cable.
Controlled deflection is applied along the tralling end of the flexible cable in a first embodiment in which two scraper blades of equal size are symmetrically disposed about the tangent point along the leading end of the cable, with the leading end of the cable extending in parallel with a tangent line drawn through the tangent point. Controlled deflection ls obtained by extending the trailing end of the scraper cable inwardly toward the conveyor belt. According to this arrangement, the magnitude of the applied deflection force is limited and controlled by the degree of angular displacement, and the deflection force is shifted away from the scraper blade mounted on the leading end of the cable to the scraper blade mounted on the trailing end of the cable.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of deflection forces are shifted frGm the leading scraper blade by providlng scraper elements having different slzes relative to each other for imposlng a controlled deflectlon along the traillng end of the flexible cable. In one embodiment, two scraper blades 20 f equal slze are disposed about the tangent point along the leading end of the cable, wlth the size of one or more scraper blades along the tralllng end of the cable being larger. In that arrangement, the smaller scraper blades are symmetrically located on the leading end of the cable at 25 first and second deflection points whlch are substantially equally spaced about the tangent point. One or m~re larger scraper blades are spaced along the trailing end of the cable for establ~shing a desired level of deflection.
In an alternatlve arrangement, the statlc deflec-tion polnts along the support cable are located at successlvely greater deflectlon distances relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt. In this arrangement, the size of the scraper elements increases from one deflec-tlon point to another along the cable in the dlrectlon of conveyor belt movement. That is, the flexlble support cable is spaced at successively greater static deflection dis-tances with respect to the conveyor belt by the successively larger scraper elements. As a result of thls arrangement, the leadlng end of the cable ls maintained substantlally straight, with the desired deflection belng establlshed lncrementally along the trailing end of the cable.
The superior features and advantages of the present inventlon wlll be further appreciated by those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed descriptlon as follows in con~unction wlth the attached drawings, whereln:
Figure 1 ls a perspective underneath vlew of a head pulley drum of a conveyor belt assembly, lllustratlng one form of a conveyor belt cleanlng device ln operation;
Flgure 2 ls a side elevation vlew of the same conveyor belt cleaning devlce as shown in Flgure l;
Flgure 3 is a simplified side elevation view of a two-blade scraper device constructed accordlng to the pre-sent invention;
Figure 4 is a slmplified elevatlon view whichillustrates deflection engagement of the scraper device of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 3 which illus-trates a three-blade arrangement;
Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 which illus-trates deflection engagement of the three-blade arrangement;
Figure 7 is a side elevation view of a single scraper strand having scraper blades of unequal size;
Figure 8 is a simplified elevation vlew which illustrates deflection engagement of the scraper of Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a slde elevation vlew of 3 single scraper strand having scraper blades of unequal size and 15 unequal spacing;
Figure 10 is a simplified elevation view which lllustrates deflection engagement of the scraper of Figure 9;
Flgure ll is a simplified eleva-tion view which illustrates deflection enyagement of a four-blade scraper;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a single scraper strand having multiple scraper blades;
Figure 13 is a simplified elevational view which 1312~23 lllustrates de~lection engagement of a symmetrical four-blade scraper; and, Figure 14 is a slde elevation view of the symmetri-cal scraper of Figure 13.
In the description which follows like parts are indicated throughout the speclfication and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The drawings are not necessarily to scale and the proportions of certain parts have been exaggerated to better ~llustrate details of the present invention.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawlngs, a conveyor belt cleanlng assembly generally lndlcated by the numeral 10 is located beneath the overhang of a head pulley drum 12 supportiny a conveyor belt 14 passing therearound.
15 The conveyor belt 14 ls an endless flexible belt, travellng over drive, tail-end and bend pulleys 16, and over belt idlers or a slider bed. The conveyor belt 14 is suitable for handling a variety of materials in a wide range of par-ticle sizes over long distances, up and down slopes.
The supporting framework for the conveyor belt cleaning assembly 10 includes two parallel transversely extendlng crossbars '8, 20 which provide lower and upper supports for an array of flexible cleaning devlces 22. It will be understood that the head pulley drum 12 and bend pulley 16 are mounted on shafts 24, 26 respectively, whlch are supported at opposite ends for rotation on bearings in the usual manner.
1312~23 The uppermost crossbar 20 is located inwardly of the overhang portion of the head pulley drum so that conveyed material, and in particular lumps thereof, will not become wedged between the belt surface and the bar 20 when traveling along the discharge path within a discharge chute.
The lower support bar 18 ls located substantially beneath the axis of rotation of the head pulley drum 12 and a small distance away from the belt surface itself. The crossbars 18, 20 are stabilized at each end by braces 28, 30.
The frame of the scraper assembly 10 is rigidly mounted onto the conveyor structure, with its orientation relative to the curved surface of th~ conveyor belt in the overhang region belng fixed, thereby preserving the helical en~agement of the flexlble cleaning members 22. The lower 15 crossbar 18 and upper crossbar 20 are dimensioned and spaced appropriately whereby the upper spacing between the leading edge of the crossbar 20 with respect to the curved surface of the conveyor belt is about 3/4" (20mm) clear of the belt surface, with the lower crossbar 18 spacing being about 1"
(25mm) clear of the belt surface.
The line between the crossbars 18, 20 intersects the curved path of the conveyor belt 14 and thus a flexible conveyor belt cleaning device is required. Resilient cleanlng action is provided in the flexible cleaning member 25 22 by a series of scraper elements 32 of a wear resistant material such as tunysten carbide or hard steel alloys movably threaded onto a hlgh strength flexible tension mem-13~2423 ber 34. The tension member 34 ls preferably a stainlesssteel stranded cable. In the preferred embodiment, the scraper elements are blades 32 having a substantially rectangular configuration as shown in Figure 12. Other scraper element configurations, such as circular dlsks 32C
may be used to good advantage.
The flexible cleaning devlce 22 includes at least one anchor spring 36 connected by a hook fastener 38 through an eyelet formed in the lower crossbar 18. Each scraper element 32 is closely fitted about the tension member 34, but is slightly rotatable with respect thereto. Moreover, each scraper element is movable with respect to the tension member so that it will deflect or twist and yield to a sur-face irregularlty without snagging or otherwlse causing damage.
A preferred embodiment is illustrated in Figure 12.
The scraper elements 32 are separated by resillent spacer coils 49, preferably ln the form of a stalnless steel coil spring. The flexible tension member 34 is threaded through each scraper element 32 and through each spacer coil 40, with the spacer coil 40 at the extreme right end of the ten-slon member being ~ammed against a clamp ball 42 ad;acent the anchor spring 3~. The anchor spring 36 is retained onto the tension member 34 by the swaged clamp ball 42. Each scraper element 32 is preferably a rectangular blade of tungsten carbide steel, and is provided with an edge E for scraping load material away from the conveyor belt 14.
`` 1312~23 Unequal static deflection distances X and Y are established by spacing portions 32S and 32T, respectively.
The desired amount of compression force is devel-oped by compressing the spacer coils 40 and scraper elements 32 between the swaged clamp ball 42 at the lower end of the scraper assembly, and the clamp ball 42 at the left end of the assembly. The upper clamp ball 42 serves as a retainer for the anchor spring 36, wh~le the lower clamp ball 42 serves as a fastener for engaging the lower crossbar 18.
Each clamp ball is disposed in swaged engagement with the tension member 34 at opposite ends, respectively. According to this arrangement, the scraper elements 32 and compression coils 40 undergo compressive loading at all times, with each scraper element 32 automatically returnlng to the uprlght scraping position relative to the conveyor belt after heing deflected by a conveyor belt surface irregularity such as a protruding fastener.
Any suitable number of conveyor belt cleaning mem-bers 22, as ~ust described, may be provided to provide scraping coverage across the entire width of the conveyor belt 14. In the example illustrated in Figure 1, 14 scraping members are illustrated, but it will be appreciated that fewer or more such devices, as desired, may be utlliæed to good advantage, with the scraper element dlameter and transverse angle of engagement being ad~usted to provide complete surface coverage, according to conveyor belt dimensions.
In the illustrated embodiment of this lnvention, each of the conveyor belt cleaning devlces 22 has an anchor spring 36 secured to the lower transverse crossbar assembly 20. The cleanlng elements 32 of each scraper strand are held in yleldable contact with the belt surface by the cable 34 which is attached, at its other end, to the upper transverse crossbar 18 at a positlon laterally spaced rela-tive to the point of attachment of the upper crossbar 20.
It will be understood that as a result of the anchor spring 36 and the flexible nature of the tension mem-ber 34, each of the above described conveyor belt scraper members 22 wlll be held in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the surface of the conveyor belt 14 apart from its leading and trailing end portions. The conveyor belt scraping members 22, illustrated in this particular embodi-ment of the invention, are arranged such that they overlap in their operative positions and thereby clean the entire width of the conveyor belt apart, possibly, from the abso-lute edge regions.
The leading upper end of each tension member 34 is coupled to the upper support crossbar 1~3 by means of a ball stop 42 which ls swaged about the terminal end portion of the tension member 34. The trailing lower end portion of the tension member 34 is attached by the anchor spring 36 in 25 a notched opening or keyway formed in the lower crossbar.
The tension members 34 are cut to a preselected length determined by pulley diameter, scraper pitch and belt width.
1312~23 A desired amount of tension is induced wlthln the tension members by adjusting take-up screws (not illustrated) cou-pled between the lower crossbar 18 and the scraper frame.
Referrlng now to Figures 3 and 4, controlled 5 deflection is established by a first embodiment in which two scraper blades 32 of equal size are symmetrically disposed about a tangent point P along the leading end 34A of the cable, with the leading end 34A extending parallel with a tangent line T drawn through the tangent point P. Con-10 trolled deflection ls obtalned by extending the trailing end34B of the scraper cable inwardly toward the conveyor belt 14. A small deflectlon angle O is thereby deflned between the deflected trailing cable end portlon 34B and the pro~ection 34' of the straight leading cable segment 34A.
15 According to this arrangement, the magnitude of the applled deflection force is limited and controlled by the degree of angular displacement O. As a result, the deflection force ls shlfted away from the scraper blade 32 mounted on the leading snd 34A of the cable to the scraper blade mounted 20 onto the tralllng end 34B of the cable. It should be under-stood that the orientation lllustrated in Flgure 4 corre-sponds wlth the locatlon of statlc deflection points Q, R
relatlve to the surface of the conveyor belt 14.
Referrlng now to Flgures 5 and 6, a three-blade 25 arrangement ls lllustrated ln whlch the scraper blades 32 have equal dlmensions and equal spacing along the cable 34.
In thls arrangement, the first two scraper blades corres-1312~23 ponding wlth deflectlon points Q and R are mounted onto the leading end 34A of the cable for engaglng the conveyor belt at equally-spaced locations relative to a tangent point P.
According to this arrangement, the leading end 34A is S extended ~n parallel relatlon with a tangent line T which extends through the tangent point P. A desired amount of deflectlon is established by a third scraper blade 32 which is located at deflection point S. In this arrangement, the tralling end 34B is extended at a small deflectlon angle O
relative to the leading cable segment projection 34' to pro-duce the desired level of deflection loadiny.
According to a preferred embodiment as shown in Figures 7 and 8, a three~blade scraper assembly 22 is pro-vided with two scraper blades 32E of equal size mounted on the leading end 34A of the cable, and a larger scraper blade 34F mounted on the trailing end 34B of the cable. In th~s arrangement, the scraper blades are equally spaced by a dls-tance A along the cable 34.
In a similar arrangement as shown in Figures 9 and 10, scraper blades 32E are spaced apart by a distance A and the larger scraper blade 3~F is spaced at a greater distance B with respect to the center scraper blade 32E.
According to the arrangements as shown in Figures 8 and 10, by provlding scraper elements having dlfferent sizes relatlve to each other, it is possible to shift the concen-tration of deflection forces away from the leading scraper 1312~23 blade and thereby impose a controlled deflection along the trailing end of the flexible cable. While the unequal scraper blade arrangements can be used in combination with virtually any pulley diameter, they are particularly well suited for use with pulleys of smaller diameters.
Referring now to Figure 11, the static deflection points Q, R, S and z along the support cable 34 are located at successively greater deflection distances relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt 14. In this arrange-ment, the scraper blades 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D increase in sizefrom one deflection point to another along the cable in the directlon of conveyor belt travel. That ls, the flexible support cable is spaced at successively greater static deflection distances with respect to the conveyor ~elt by the successively larger scraper blades. As a result of thls arrangement, the leading end 34A of the cable is malntained substantially straight, and ln parallel with the tangent line T, while the deslred deflection is established incrementally along the tralling end 34B of the cable.
Controlled deflection ls provided by yet another scraper assembly 22 as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14. In the arrangement of Figure 13, a first pair of scraper blades 32E of equal dimensions are spaced between a pair of larger scraper blades 32F. In this sytnmetrical arrangement, the blades are equally spaced relative to each other by a dls-tance A. A larye blade 32F and a smaller blade 32E are mounted on the leadlng end 34A of the cable, whlle a smaller blade 32E and a larger blade 32F are mounted on the trailing end 34B of the cable. The crossbars 18, 20 are positioned such that the inside smaller blades 32E are symmetrically disposed with respect to a tangent point P. According to this arrangement, the smaller blades 32E are equally spaced with respect to the tangent polnt and establish equally spaced static deflection points R, S. The larger scraper blades 32F are likewise symmetrically disposed with respect to the tangent point P and establish a second set of equally spaced static deflection points Q, Z. The trailing end 32~
of the cable is deflected by the angle 0 relative to the leading cable segment projection 34'. The pro~ection seg-ment 34' extends in parallel with the tangent line T.
According to this arrangement, the thrusting forces are reacted substantially by the blades 32E, 32F which are mounted onto the trailing end 34B of the cable.
The belt cleaning assembly 10 is mechanlcally sup-ported ad~acent the curved surface of the conveyor belt 14 in the overhang region beneath the pulley drum 12 with the inside smaller scraper blades 32E being positioned in equally spaced relatlon about a tangent point P. The assem-bly is moved toward the belt until the inside smaller scraper blades 32E engage the belt surface. In this posi-tion, the forward larger blade 32F and the trailing larger blade 32F are clear of the belt. The upper crossbar 20 is then raised until the leading scraper blade 32F is brought into contact with the curved surface of the conveyor belt, thereby establishing static deflection point Q. The lower crossbar 18 ls also raised until the tralling blade 32F
engages the curved surface of the conveyor belt, thereby establishing static deflection point Z.
In the forego~ng arrangement, the cable 34 is substantially a straight line and the scraper blades provide good floating action but have very little take-up. Tc achieve an effective level of take-up ~scraping action~, the lower crossbar 18 is again raised slightly, with the assem-bly 10 being rotated slightly about the upper crossbar 20, thereby causing the trailing cable end portion 34B to be angularly displaced inwardly by an angle O with respect to the leading cable pro~ection 34'. ~t should be understood that the foregolng set-up arrangement ls based upon static engagement of the scraper blades against the curved surface of the conveyor belt, and the illustration in Figure 14 depicts the arrangement of the cable and the scraper blades in such static engagement condition.
It will be appreciated that the *oregoing scraper arrangements are effectlve for shifting the concentration of thrust forces away from the leadlng scraper blade, wlth such thrusting forces being reacted substantially by scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable. As a result, deflection of the flexible cable 34 ls carefully controlled to provide adequate take-up while permitting the scraper blades to "float" against the conveyor belt, thereby avoiding premature wear and breakage of the cables.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A belt scraper assembly for use in combination with a conveyor belt of the type driven by a pulley drum, said belt scraper assembly including first and second crossbar members adapted to be mounted in operative posi-tions about the overhang region of the pulley drum, respectively; an array of elongated, flexible scraping mem-bers supported between said first and second crossbar mem-bers for engaging the curved surface of a conveyor belt in the overhang region of a pulley drum, each scraping member having one end portion coupled to one of said crossbar mem-bers and an opposite end portion coupled to the other of said crossbars; bias means coupled to each scraping member for maintaining each scraping member in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the curved surface of a conveyor belt in the pulley drum overhang region; each scraping member including an elongated flexible tension member having a leading end portion and a trailing end portion; a plurality of scraper elements mounted onto said tension member, each scraper ele-ment including a spacing portion having a scraper edge for engaging a conveyor belt, each spacing portion having a spacing dimension as measured between its scraper edge and said tension member, and two of said scraper elements having unequal spacing dimensions for establishing unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the surface of a conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said belt by said scraper elements.
2. A conveyor belt cleaning device as defined in claim 1, said plurality of scraper elements including first and second pairs of scraper blades, the spacing dimensions of the scraper blades in the first pair being substantially equal to each other, and the spacing dimensions of the scraper blades in the second pair being substantially equal to each other but larger than the spacing dimension of the blades of the first pair, said first pair of smaller scraper blades being disposed between the larger scraper blades of the second pair.
3. A scraper assembly for cleaning a conveyor belt in a region where the conveyor belt is in contact with the curved surface of a pulley drum comprising, in combina-tion:
first and second crossbar support means adapted to be mounted in first and second operative posi-tions, respectively, in the contact region;
an elongated, flexible scraping member sup-ported between the first and second crossbar support means for engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the contact region, said scraping member extending in an arcuate path of engagement with the conveyor belt when said crossbar support means are mounted in the respective operative positions;
bias means coupled to said scraping member for maintaining said scraping member in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the contact region;
said flexible scraping member including a flexible tension member and a plurality of scraper elements assembled onto said tension member; and, two of said scraper elements having unequal dimensions for establishing correspondingly unequal static deflection spacing points along said flexible tension member relative to the curved surface of said conveyor belt.
first and second crossbar support means adapted to be mounted in first and second operative posi-tions, respectively, in the contact region;
an elongated, flexible scraping member sup-ported between the first and second crossbar support means for engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the contact region, said scraping member extending in an arcuate path of engagement with the conveyor belt when said crossbar support means are mounted in the respective operative positions;
bias means coupled to said scraping member for maintaining said scraping member in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the contact region;
said flexible scraping member including a flexible tension member and a plurality of scraper elements assembled onto said tension member; and, two of said scraper elements having unequal dimensions for establishing correspondingly unequal static deflection spacing points along said flexible tension member relative to the curved surface of said conveyor belt.
4. A conveyor belt cleaning device comprising, in combination:
a flexible tension member;
a plurality of wear-resistant scraper elements movably coupled to said tension member for engaging a conveyor belt;
spacer means compressively engaging and yieldably separating said scraper elements; and, two of said scraper elements having unequal spacing portions for establishing unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the surface of a conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said belt by said scraper elements.
a flexible tension member;
a plurality of wear-resistant scraper elements movably coupled to said tension member for engaging a conveyor belt;
spacer means compressively engaging and yieldably separating said scraper elements; and, two of said scraper elements having unequal spacing portions for establishing unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the surface of a conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said belt by said scraper elements.
5. A conveyor belt cleaning device as defined in claim 4, said combination including first, second and third scraper elements, each scraper element including a spacing portion having a scraper edge for engaging a conveyor belt and having a spacing dimension as measured between its scraper edge and said tension member, the spacing dimension of said first and second scraper elements being substan-tially equal to each other, and the spacing dimension of said third scraper element being greater than the spacing dimensions of said first and second scraper elements.
6. A conveyor belt cleaning device as defined in claim 4, each scraper element including a spacing portion having an edge for engaging a conveyor belt, each spacing portion having a spacing dimension as measured between its edge and said tension member, the spacing dimensions of said scraper elements being unequal, the spacing dimension of each successive scraper element being larger than the spac-ing dimension of each preceding scraper element along said tension member.
7. A conveyor belt cleaning device as defined in claim 4, said plurality of scraper elements including first and second pairs of scraper elements, the spacing por-tions of the scraper elements in the first pair being substantially equal in size, and the spacing portions of the scraper elements in the second pair being substantially equal to each other but larger than the spacing portions of the scraper elements of the first pair, said first pair of smaller scraper elements being disposed between the larger scraper elements of the second pair.
8. In a conveyor belt assembly of the type having an endless conveyor belt driven by a head pulley drum, the improvement comprising a conveyor belt cleaning device mounted beneath the overhang region defined by the head pulley drum, and engaging the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the overhang region where the conveyor belt is in contact with the head pulley drum, said belt cleaning device including an elongated, flexible tension member having a leading end portion and a trailing end portion, first and second scraper elements movably coupled to said tension member, said scraper elements having unequal spacing por-tions for establishing unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the surface of the conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said belt by said scraper elements, and the trailing end portion of said tension member being angularly deflected with respect to the leading end portion thereof.
9. A conveyor belt cleaning assembly adapted to be located beneath the overhang defined by a head pulley drum, including a plurality of conveyor belt cleaning mem-bers adapted to be extended in similar paths relative to a conveyor belt in the overhang region such that each follows a tangent path and an angularly deflected path, each of the conveyor cleaning members including two or more abrasion-resistant scraper elements movably threaded onto a flexible strand held in tenslon by means of a spring positioned at one end thereof, resilient spacer means threaded onto said strand, said resilient spacer means compressively engaging and yieldably separating said scraper elements, said scraper elements imposing equal static deflections of said flexible strand at separate points on said flexible strand along said tangent path when said scraper elements are engaged against a conveyor b01t in the overhang region.
lO. A conveyor belt cleaning device for cleaning a conveyor belt in a region where the conveyor belt is in contact with a head pulley drum, comprising at least one cleaning member having a leading end portion extending transversely relative to the conveyor belt substantially in parallel with a tangent having a trailing end portion to the head pulley drum, and extending in a second direction angularly deflected thereto, the conveyor belt cleaning mem-ber being resiliently blased for yieldable engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt and movable in a direction away from the conveyor belt surface in a region where the belt is in contact with the head pulley drum, the conveyor belt cleaning member including an elongated flexi-ble tension member, a plurality of wear-reslstant scraper elements movably assembled onto said tension member, resillent spacer means yieldably separating and compres-sively engaging said scraper elements; and each scraper ele-ment including a spacing portion having an edge for engaging a conveyor belt, each spacing portion having a dimension as measured between its edge and said tension member, the spac-ing dimensions of two or more of said scraper elements being unequal.
11. A method for scraping a conveyor belt with a belt scraper assembly of the type including first and second crossbar members adapted to be mounted in operative posi-tions about the overhang region of a conveyor belt pulley drum, and an array of elongated, flexible scraping members supported between the first and second crossbar members for engaging the curved surface of a conveyor belt in said overhang region, each scraping member having one end portion coupled to one of said crossbar members and an opposite end portion coupled to the other of said crossbar members, bias means coupled to each scraping member for maintaining each scraping member in yieldable, thrusting engagement with the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the overhang region, and each scraping member including an elongated flexible tension member having a leading end portion and a trailing end portion with a plurality of scraper elements mounted onto each tension member, comprising the steps of posi-tioning each scraping member into engagement with the conveyor belt in the overhang region with its scraper ele-ments being positioned at static deflection points along said tension member; extending the leading end of each scraping member substantially in parallel with a tangent to the surface of said conveyor belt; and, extending the trail-ing end of each scraping member along a line which is angularly deflected relative to said leading end when said crossbars are mounted in said operative positions.
12. A method for scraping a conveyor belt as defined in claim 11, including the step of establishing unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the surface of said conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said conveyor belt by said scraper elements.
13. A method for relieving the concentration of deflectlon forces on the leading scraper blade of a flexible tension member having a plurality of wear-resistant scraper blades movably coupled to said tension member for engaging a conveyor belt and including spacer means compressively engaging and yieldably separating said scraper blades comprising the step of shifting the deflection load from said leading scraper blade to one or more scraper blades located on the trailing end of the cable by interposing one or more scraper blades having unequal scraping portlons between the tension member and the conveyor belt surface, thereby establishlng unequal static deflection distances of the tension member with respect to the surface of the conveyor belt.
14. A method for scraplng the surface of a conveyor belt with a flexible tension member having a lead-ing end portion, a trailing end portion and first and second scraper elements movably coupled to said tension member, comprising the steps of engaging the curved surface of the conveyor belt in the overhang region with said first and second scraper elements; establishlng unequal static deflection distances of said tension member relative to the curved surface of the conveyor belt in response to static engagement of said conveyor belt by said scraper elements;
and, deflecting the trailing end portion of sald tension member angularly with respect to the leading end portion thereof.
and, deflecting the trailing end portion of sald tension member angularly with respect to the leading end portion thereof.
15. A method for scraping the curved surface of a conveyor belt in a region where the conveyor belt is in con-tact with the curved surface of a pulley drum comprising the steps of engaging the curved surface of the conveyor belt with a plurality of scraper blades assembled onto a flexible tenslon member, said tension member having a leading end portion and a trailing end portion and said scraper blades belng mounted onto sald tension member between the leadlng end portion and the trailing end portion; engaging the curved surface of the conveyor belt with said scraper blades, with first and second scraper blades being posi-tioned on opposite sides of a conveyor belt tangent point;
extending the leading end of said tension member substan-tially in parallel with a tangent line projecting through said tangent point, thereby establishing first and second statlc deflection points at the location of said first and second scraper blades on said flexible tension member; and, extending the trailing end of said tension member inwardly toward said conveyor belt surface.
extending the leading end of said tension member substan-tially in parallel with a tangent line projecting through said tangent point, thereby establishing first and second statlc deflection points at the location of said first and second scraper blades on said flexible tension member; and, extending the trailing end of said tension member inwardly toward said conveyor belt surface.
16. A method for scraping the surface of a conveyor belt as defined in claim 15, including the step of shifting the concentration of deflection forces from the first scraper blade to at least one other scraper blade by interposing one or more additional scraper blades between said tension member and said conveyor belt surface, said one or more additional scraper blades having different sizes relative to each other along the trailing end of the flexi-ble cable.
17. A method for scraping the surface of a conveyor belt as defined in claim 15, including the step of interposing two scraper blades of equal size about said tan-gent point along the leading end of the cable and inter-posing one or more larger scraper blades along the trailing end of the cable.
18. A method for scraping the surface of a conveyor belt as defined in claim 15, including the step of positioning smaller scraper blades on the leading end of the cable at first and second deflection points which are substantially equally spaced about said tangent point, and positioning at least one larger scraper blade along the trailing end of the cable thereby establishing a larger deflection of said tension member.
19. A method for scraping the surface of a conveyor belt as defined in claim 15, including the step of establishing static deflection points along said tension member at successively greater deflection distances relative to the curved surface of said conveyor belt, with the size of the scraper elements increasing from one deflection point to another along the tension member in the direction of conveyor belt movement.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000596623A CA1312423C (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1989-04-13 | Controlled deflection of flexible scraper strands |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000596623A CA1312423C (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1989-04-13 | Controlled deflection of flexible scraper strands |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1312423C true CA1312423C (en) | 1993-01-12 |
Family
ID=4139906
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000596623A Expired - Fee Related CA1312423C (en) | 1989-04-13 | 1989-04-13 | Controlled deflection of flexible scraper strands |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1312423C (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-04-13 CA CA000596623A patent/CA1312423C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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