CA1310049C - Cooling of molten media processes - Google Patents
Cooling of molten media processesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1310049C CA1310049C CA000548662A CA548662A CA1310049C CA 1310049 C CA1310049 C CA 1310049C CA 000548662 A CA000548662 A CA 000548662A CA 548662 A CA548662 A CA 548662A CA 1310049 C CA1310049 C CA 1310049C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- molten
- process according
- fluid
- medium
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor
Abstract
COOLING OF MOLTEN MEDIA PROCESSES
ABSTRACT
An improvement to processes in which molten materials are handled at elevated temperatures is described.
The improvement is the use of a polyorganosiloxane fluid as a cooling medium instead of water. This improvement eliminates the safety hazard of steam explosions which can occur when water is contacted with molten materials at elevated temperatures.
ABSTRACT
An improvement to processes in which molten materials are handled at elevated temperatures is described.
The improvement is the use of a polyorganosiloxane fluid as a cooling medium instead of water. This improvement eliminates the safety hazard of steam explosions which can occur when water is contacted with molten materials at elevated temperatures.
Description
COOLING OF MOLTEN MEDIA PROCESSES
This invention relate~ to the use of polyorgano-siloxane fluids as cooling media for processes which include handling of molten salts, metals, metalloids, or alloys.
More specifically, this invention relates to improved safety of these processes by eliminating the hazard of a steam explosion when water is used as a cooling medium.
Water is the most common liquid heat transfer medium because of its availability and low cost. However, water poses the significant safety hazard of a steam explosion if water is allowed to contact molten salt or molten metal, metalloids, or alloys thereof at elevated temperatures. Steam explosions are characterized by extremely rapid increase in pressure resulting in subsequent rupture of a containing vessel. The release of this explosive force could cause risk to life and property. While the mechanism of steam explosions is not completely under-stood, this occurrence is a phenomenon which is more than a pressure build-up due to rapid vaporization of liquid water.
Electric ~melting furnaces to produce metals, metalloids, and alloys thereof are examples of processes which handle molten materials. Submerged electric arc furnaces are used extensively in the reduction of oxygen-containing compounds to produce metals, metalloids, and alloys thereof. More recently, plasma technology is being applied to the above-noted oxide reductions. Examples of ~uch metals, metalloid~, and alloys are iron, aluminum, silicon, steel, ferrosilicon, and other ferroalloys. The very high temperatures reached in these smelting operations, up to and above 2000C., require that cooling be provided to protect the structural integrity of certain parts of the , furnace. These parts may include the electrode holders, furnace hoods, furnace covers, tapping spouts, lance tubes, and others in conventional electric arc furnaces. In plasma furnaces, the main concern is cooling the plasma torch.
In the present state of the art, water is used as the cooling medium for smelting furnaces. Kuhlmann in U.S.
4,206,312, issued June 3, 1980, discloses a cooled jacket for electric arc furnaces. The only liquid coolant specifically disclosed by Kuhlmann is water.
A review of steel manufacturing, he Makinq~
Shapinq~ and Treatina of Steel, Tenth Edition, United States Steel (1985), pp. 346-347, pg. 350, pp. 533-535, pp. 608-609, pg. 625, pg. 635, pp. 647-652, and pg. 668, outlines the use of water as a cooling medium in both electric arc furnaces and furnaces which use a plasma as the energy source. No other liquid cooling medium than water is disclosed.
It is an objective of this invention to improve the ~afety of operation of processes which handle molten materials at elevated temperatures.
Nelson and Duda, "Steam Explosion Experiments with Slngle Drops of Iron Oxide Melted with a C02 Laser. Part II.
Parametric Studies," Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, NUREG/CR-2718, SAND82-1105, R3, printed April, 1985, discuss laboratory studies on the phenomenon of steam or vapor explosions using molten iron oxide and water. In Appendix C of this reference, Nelson and Duda disclose the testing of n-pentadecane with molten iron oxide. Nel~on and Duda were not able to create a vapor explosion with n-pentadecane as had been created with water.
Polydiorganosiloxanes provide a safer alternative to water as a liquid heat transfer fluid. The significantly higher boiling point and subsequent lower vapor pressure of polydiorganociloxanes lessens the hazard caused by a coolant leak into the furnace due to the rate of pressure rise and level of ultimate pressure, particularly in the case of a closed furnace. More significantly, it has been unexpectedly found that polydimethylsiloxanes do not exhibit an explosive reaction, similar to a steam explosion, when exposed to a molten medium at elevated temperatures. For the purposes of this invention, the term "elevated temperatures" means temperatures greater than 500C. This unexpected finding is discussed in an example, infra. This unexpected finding is a marked improvement in the operation of processes handling molten materials at elevated temperatures, since it greatly reduces the hazard to life and property.
Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane fluids afford an improved heat transfer fluid as compared to conventional organic heat transfer fluids such as mineral oils, higher boiling aliphatic materials such as n-pentadecane, and high phenyl-containing materials such as the Dowtherm~ J. Dow Corning Corporation technical bulletins, "Information about Syltherm0 800 Heat Transfer Liquid, !' Form No. 22-761G-86, and "A Guide to Specifying Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid,"
Form No. 24-183A-86, outline the advantages of polydimethyl-siloxanes fluids as compared to conventional organic heat transfer fluids. Among these advantages are lower incidence of fluid degradation and fouling, with subsequent prolonged fluid life and heat transfer capabilities; reduced hazard due to fire because of the self-extinguishing characteristics of the polydimethylsiloxane fluids; and minimal toxicological effects as compared to many organic fluids. The self-extinguishing characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane fluids is inherent in the formation of solid silicon dioxide upon combustion of the polydimethylsiloxane material. Nowhere do the above-cited Dow Corning references disclose the unexpected finding of the instant invention that 1 3 ~ 9 polydimethylsiloxane fluids do not create a vapor explosion on contact with a high-temperature, molten medium.
Halm in U.S.Patent 4,122,109, issued October 24, 1978.
discloses a method for preparing a thermally stable methyl-polysiloxane fluid and compositions therefrom. Halm in U.S. Patent 4,193,885, issued March 18, 1980, discloses a heat-tran~fer system comprising a heat source, a heat exchanger, a methyl-polysiloxane heat transfer fluid, and a means for conveying the fluid. Nowhere doe~ Halm disclose the unexpected ~inding of the in~tant invention that polydimethylsiloxane fluids do not create an explosive situation, similar to a steam explosion, when brought into contact with the extremely high temperatures of proces~es in which molten materials are handled.
In accordance with the instant invention, there is provided an improvement to processes in which molten materials are handled at elevated temperatures under conditions that will be delineated herein. What is described, therefore, is an improvement in a process, said process comprising (a) providing a molten medium, the molten medium being at a temperature greater than about 500C.; (b) providing means for containing the molten medium; (c) u~ing a heat transfer fluid for coollng the means for containing the molten medlum; (d) providing means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid; and (e) providing means for conveying the heat tran~fer fluid between the means for containing the molten medium and the means for removing heat from the heat tran~fer fluid, the improvement comprising using a poly-organosiloxane fluid as the heat transfer fluid.
The molten medium may be a molten salt; a molten metalloid; a molten metal; a mixture of a molten metalloid and a molten metal; a mixture of molten metals; a molten metalloid oxide; a molten metal oxide; a mixture of a molten . . .
, .
~ ~ $ ~
metalloid oxide and a molten metal oxide; a mixture of metal oxides; a mixture of a molten metalloid oxide and a corresponding molten metalloid; a mixture of a molten metal oxide and a corresponding molten metal; a mixture of a molten metalloid oxide, a molten metal oxide, and a corresponding molten alloy; and a mixture of molten metal oxides and a corresponding molten alloy. Many of these combinations o molten materials describe conditions that exist within metallurgical furnaces.
A steam explosion or a vapor explosion is characterized by extremely rapid increase in pressure which occurs when liquid water contacts a molten material. While the mechanism of steam explosions is not completely understood, this occurrence i8 a phenomenon which is more than a pressure build-up due to rapid vaporization of liquid water. A steam explosion usually results in the rupture of the vessel containing the molten material with the associated hazards to life and property. A temperature of a molten medium of greater than about 500C. is believed by the inventors to be a lower temperature limit at which a steam or vapor explo~ion become~ a significant safety hazard. As an example, smelting furnaces to produce materials such as #ilicon and steel operate at temperatures in exce#s of 1500C.
The metalloid produced may be silicon and the like.
The metals produced may be iron, aluminum, and the like. The alloys produced may be ~teel, ferrosilicon, and the like.
"Mean~ for containing the molten medium" for the purposes of the instant invention can be structures such as bath bodies for containing molten salts for heat transfer purposes. These structures may also be furnaces used in smelting metalloid oxide~, metal oxides, or mixtures thereof to produce metalloids, metals, or alloys thereof.
, The furnaces for smelting processes may be of any design known in the art. Smelting furnaces may be of open or closed design. A closed furnace design would pose the greatest hazard in pressure build-up and vessel rupture in event of a steam or vapor explosion. Examples of such furnace design are submerged electric arc furnaces and furnaces in which the electrical energy is supplied by a transferred arc plasma or a non-transferred arc plasma.
The heat transfer fluid used for cooling the means for containing the heat source is a polyorganosiloxane fluid.
The polyorganosiloxane fluid should be low enough in viscosity to facilitate ease of circulation through the zones of a furnace requiring cooling. The viscosity can be in the range of 1 to 50 centi~tokes. The polyorgano~iloxane fluid may be a polydiorganosiloxane fluid. The polydiorgano-siloxane fluid may be a polydimethylsiloxane fluid. Further, the polydimethylsiloxane fluid may be a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked fluid containing heat-stabilizing additives. An example of a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane fluid containing heat-stablizing additives is Dow Corning Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid. Typical properties of Dow Corning Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid (as supplied) are:
Viscosity @ 25C........... 9.1 centipoise Flash point, closed cup.... 320F.
Vapor pressure at 400C.... 200 psia.
Further details on Syltherm~ 800 are contained in the two Dow Corning Corporation technical bulletins cited, supra.
"Means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid" for the purposes of the instant invention can be any conventional means of transferring heat from a hot liquid.
These means can include use of the hot fluid to vaporize water to generate steam and to recover heating value, cooling ~7~ ~3~
by conventional heat exchange with cooling water or ambient air, and the like.
"Means for conveying the heat transfer fluid between the means for conveying the molten medium and the means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid" for the purposes of the instant invention can be any conventional means of moving a liquid. These means can include a recirculating pump with associated piping and tankage; and the like.
A preferred molten medium temperature for using the polyorganosiloxane fluid i8 a temperature greater than about 500C. A more preferred molten medium temperature for using the polyorgano~iloxane fluid is a temperature greater than about 750C. The most preferred molten medium temperature for uQing the polyorganosiloxane fluid is a temperature greater than about 1000C.
A preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a polydi-methylsiloxane fluid. A more preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid. The most preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a trlmethyl~lloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid contalning heat-#tabilizing agent~. The composition and mothod for proparing the trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydlmethylsiloxane fluid containing heat-stabilizing agents are disclosed by Halm in U.S. Patent 4,122,109, issued October 1978; and in U.S. Patent 4,193,885 issued May 18, 1980.
The preferred viscosity of the polydimethylsiloxane fluid is in the range of about 5 to 20 centipoice.
So that those skilled in the art can better under~tand and appreciate the instant invention, the following example is presented. The example is illustrative of the ln~tant invention and is not to be construed as limiting the instant invention delineated herein.
, - ~
~ 3 ~
ExamDle 1 A study was made on the impact of contacting a polydimethylsiloxane fluid with a molten metal. The molten metal used was tin. The cooling fluids studied were water, n-pentadecane, Dowtherm0 J, and Syltherm0 800.
The general procedure used for these studies were:
1. 1800 milliliters (ml.) of the cooling fluid to be tested were placed into a 2-liter beaker. The beaker and contents were weighed and then placed in a laboratory hood equipped with a~Plexiglas~* door.
This invention relate~ to the use of polyorgano-siloxane fluids as cooling media for processes which include handling of molten salts, metals, metalloids, or alloys.
More specifically, this invention relates to improved safety of these processes by eliminating the hazard of a steam explosion when water is used as a cooling medium.
Water is the most common liquid heat transfer medium because of its availability and low cost. However, water poses the significant safety hazard of a steam explosion if water is allowed to contact molten salt or molten metal, metalloids, or alloys thereof at elevated temperatures. Steam explosions are characterized by extremely rapid increase in pressure resulting in subsequent rupture of a containing vessel. The release of this explosive force could cause risk to life and property. While the mechanism of steam explosions is not completely under-stood, this occurrence is a phenomenon which is more than a pressure build-up due to rapid vaporization of liquid water.
Electric ~melting furnaces to produce metals, metalloids, and alloys thereof are examples of processes which handle molten materials. Submerged electric arc furnaces are used extensively in the reduction of oxygen-containing compounds to produce metals, metalloids, and alloys thereof. More recently, plasma technology is being applied to the above-noted oxide reductions. Examples of ~uch metals, metalloid~, and alloys are iron, aluminum, silicon, steel, ferrosilicon, and other ferroalloys. The very high temperatures reached in these smelting operations, up to and above 2000C., require that cooling be provided to protect the structural integrity of certain parts of the , furnace. These parts may include the electrode holders, furnace hoods, furnace covers, tapping spouts, lance tubes, and others in conventional electric arc furnaces. In plasma furnaces, the main concern is cooling the plasma torch.
In the present state of the art, water is used as the cooling medium for smelting furnaces. Kuhlmann in U.S.
4,206,312, issued June 3, 1980, discloses a cooled jacket for electric arc furnaces. The only liquid coolant specifically disclosed by Kuhlmann is water.
A review of steel manufacturing, he Makinq~
Shapinq~ and Treatina of Steel, Tenth Edition, United States Steel (1985), pp. 346-347, pg. 350, pp. 533-535, pp. 608-609, pg. 625, pg. 635, pp. 647-652, and pg. 668, outlines the use of water as a cooling medium in both electric arc furnaces and furnaces which use a plasma as the energy source. No other liquid cooling medium than water is disclosed.
It is an objective of this invention to improve the ~afety of operation of processes which handle molten materials at elevated temperatures.
Nelson and Duda, "Steam Explosion Experiments with Slngle Drops of Iron Oxide Melted with a C02 Laser. Part II.
Parametric Studies," Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, NUREG/CR-2718, SAND82-1105, R3, printed April, 1985, discuss laboratory studies on the phenomenon of steam or vapor explosions using molten iron oxide and water. In Appendix C of this reference, Nelson and Duda disclose the testing of n-pentadecane with molten iron oxide. Nel~on and Duda were not able to create a vapor explosion with n-pentadecane as had been created with water.
Polydiorganosiloxanes provide a safer alternative to water as a liquid heat transfer fluid. The significantly higher boiling point and subsequent lower vapor pressure of polydiorganociloxanes lessens the hazard caused by a coolant leak into the furnace due to the rate of pressure rise and level of ultimate pressure, particularly in the case of a closed furnace. More significantly, it has been unexpectedly found that polydimethylsiloxanes do not exhibit an explosive reaction, similar to a steam explosion, when exposed to a molten medium at elevated temperatures. For the purposes of this invention, the term "elevated temperatures" means temperatures greater than 500C. This unexpected finding is discussed in an example, infra. This unexpected finding is a marked improvement in the operation of processes handling molten materials at elevated temperatures, since it greatly reduces the hazard to life and property.
Additionally, polydimethylsiloxane fluids afford an improved heat transfer fluid as compared to conventional organic heat transfer fluids such as mineral oils, higher boiling aliphatic materials such as n-pentadecane, and high phenyl-containing materials such as the Dowtherm~ J. Dow Corning Corporation technical bulletins, "Information about Syltherm0 800 Heat Transfer Liquid, !' Form No. 22-761G-86, and "A Guide to Specifying Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid,"
Form No. 24-183A-86, outline the advantages of polydimethyl-siloxanes fluids as compared to conventional organic heat transfer fluids. Among these advantages are lower incidence of fluid degradation and fouling, with subsequent prolonged fluid life and heat transfer capabilities; reduced hazard due to fire because of the self-extinguishing characteristics of the polydimethylsiloxane fluids; and minimal toxicological effects as compared to many organic fluids. The self-extinguishing characteristics of polydimethylsiloxane fluids is inherent in the formation of solid silicon dioxide upon combustion of the polydimethylsiloxane material. Nowhere do the above-cited Dow Corning references disclose the unexpected finding of the instant invention that 1 3 ~ 9 polydimethylsiloxane fluids do not create a vapor explosion on contact with a high-temperature, molten medium.
Halm in U.S.Patent 4,122,109, issued October 24, 1978.
discloses a method for preparing a thermally stable methyl-polysiloxane fluid and compositions therefrom. Halm in U.S. Patent 4,193,885, issued March 18, 1980, discloses a heat-tran~fer system comprising a heat source, a heat exchanger, a methyl-polysiloxane heat transfer fluid, and a means for conveying the fluid. Nowhere doe~ Halm disclose the unexpected ~inding of the in~tant invention that polydimethylsiloxane fluids do not create an explosive situation, similar to a steam explosion, when brought into contact with the extremely high temperatures of proces~es in which molten materials are handled.
In accordance with the instant invention, there is provided an improvement to processes in which molten materials are handled at elevated temperatures under conditions that will be delineated herein. What is described, therefore, is an improvement in a process, said process comprising (a) providing a molten medium, the molten medium being at a temperature greater than about 500C.; (b) providing means for containing the molten medium; (c) u~ing a heat transfer fluid for coollng the means for containing the molten medlum; (d) providing means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid; and (e) providing means for conveying the heat tran~fer fluid between the means for containing the molten medium and the means for removing heat from the heat tran~fer fluid, the improvement comprising using a poly-organosiloxane fluid as the heat transfer fluid.
The molten medium may be a molten salt; a molten metalloid; a molten metal; a mixture of a molten metalloid and a molten metal; a mixture of molten metals; a molten metalloid oxide; a molten metal oxide; a mixture of a molten . . .
, .
~ ~ $ ~
metalloid oxide and a molten metal oxide; a mixture of metal oxides; a mixture of a molten metalloid oxide and a corresponding molten metalloid; a mixture of a molten metal oxide and a corresponding molten metal; a mixture of a molten metalloid oxide, a molten metal oxide, and a corresponding molten alloy; and a mixture of molten metal oxides and a corresponding molten alloy. Many of these combinations o molten materials describe conditions that exist within metallurgical furnaces.
A steam explosion or a vapor explosion is characterized by extremely rapid increase in pressure which occurs when liquid water contacts a molten material. While the mechanism of steam explosions is not completely understood, this occurrence i8 a phenomenon which is more than a pressure build-up due to rapid vaporization of liquid water. A steam explosion usually results in the rupture of the vessel containing the molten material with the associated hazards to life and property. A temperature of a molten medium of greater than about 500C. is believed by the inventors to be a lower temperature limit at which a steam or vapor explo~ion become~ a significant safety hazard. As an example, smelting furnaces to produce materials such as #ilicon and steel operate at temperatures in exce#s of 1500C.
The metalloid produced may be silicon and the like.
The metals produced may be iron, aluminum, and the like. The alloys produced may be ~teel, ferrosilicon, and the like.
"Mean~ for containing the molten medium" for the purposes of the instant invention can be structures such as bath bodies for containing molten salts for heat transfer purposes. These structures may also be furnaces used in smelting metalloid oxide~, metal oxides, or mixtures thereof to produce metalloids, metals, or alloys thereof.
, The furnaces for smelting processes may be of any design known in the art. Smelting furnaces may be of open or closed design. A closed furnace design would pose the greatest hazard in pressure build-up and vessel rupture in event of a steam or vapor explosion. Examples of such furnace design are submerged electric arc furnaces and furnaces in which the electrical energy is supplied by a transferred arc plasma or a non-transferred arc plasma.
The heat transfer fluid used for cooling the means for containing the heat source is a polyorganosiloxane fluid.
The polyorganosiloxane fluid should be low enough in viscosity to facilitate ease of circulation through the zones of a furnace requiring cooling. The viscosity can be in the range of 1 to 50 centi~tokes. The polyorgano~iloxane fluid may be a polydiorganosiloxane fluid. The polydiorgano-siloxane fluid may be a polydimethylsiloxane fluid. Further, the polydimethylsiloxane fluid may be a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked fluid containing heat-stabilizing additives. An example of a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane fluid containing heat-stablizing additives is Dow Corning Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid. Typical properties of Dow Corning Syltherm~ 800 Heat Transfer Liquid (as supplied) are:
Viscosity @ 25C........... 9.1 centipoise Flash point, closed cup.... 320F.
Vapor pressure at 400C.... 200 psia.
Further details on Syltherm~ 800 are contained in the two Dow Corning Corporation technical bulletins cited, supra.
"Means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid" for the purposes of the instant invention can be any conventional means of transferring heat from a hot liquid.
These means can include use of the hot fluid to vaporize water to generate steam and to recover heating value, cooling ~7~ ~3~
by conventional heat exchange with cooling water or ambient air, and the like.
"Means for conveying the heat transfer fluid between the means for conveying the molten medium and the means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid" for the purposes of the instant invention can be any conventional means of moving a liquid. These means can include a recirculating pump with associated piping and tankage; and the like.
A preferred molten medium temperature for using the polyorganosiloxane fluid i8 a temperature greater than about 500C. A more preferred molten medium temperature for using the polyorgano~iloxane fluid is a temperature greater than about 750C. The most preferred molten medium temperature for uQing the polyorganosiloxane fluid is a temperature greater than about 1000C.
A preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a polydi-methylsiloxane fluid. A more preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid. The most preferred polyorganosiloxane fluid is a trlmethyl~lloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid contalning heat-#tabilizing agent~. The composition and mothod for proparing the trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydlmethylsiloxane fluid containing heat-stabilizing agents are disclosed by Halm in U.S. Patent 4,122,109, issued October 1978; and in U.S. Patent 4,193,885 issued May 18, 1980.
The preferred viscosity of the polydimethylsiloxane fluid is in the range of about 5 to 20 centipoice.
So that those skilled in the art can better under~tand and appreciate the instant invention, the following example is presented. The example is illustrative of the ln~tant invention and is not to be construed as limiting the instant invention delineated herein.
, - ~
~ 3 ~
ExamDle 1 A study was made on the impact of contacting a polydimethylsiloxane fluid with a molten metal. The molten metal used was tin. The cooling fluids studied were water, n-pentadecane, Dowtherm0 J, and Syltherm0 800.
The general procedure used for these studies were:
1. 1800 milliliters (ml.) of the cooling fluid to be tested were placed into a 2-liter beaker. The beaker and contents were weighed and then placed in a laboratory hood equipped with a~Plexiglas~* door.
2. 12 grams (gm.) of tin were weighed and placed into a porcelain crucible and melted in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 650C.
3. The crucible and molten metal were handled with tongs. U~ing the"Plexîglas"~ door as a shield, the crucible wa~ positioned no higher than 3 inches above the beaker and the molten tin was poured into the liquid.
4. Observations were made and recorded. The observ~tions included:
a. Fluid bohavior in the vicinity of the molten tin drop b. Vapor release of the fluid c. Audible evidence of an explosion d. Lo~ of fluid from the beaker.
Three trials were made with each fluid to be evaluated.
Water reacted very vigorously when the molten tin was poured into the beaker. A violent boiling action with vapor release and an audible "pop" were noted as soon as the molten tin contacted the water. The metal also splattered as it contacted the water. In one of the three trials, molten tin was actually thrown from the beaker onto the bottom of *Trademark for poly(methyl methacrylate) resin.
.... .. , ~
- ~ -the laboratory hood. The solidified tin from the bottom of the beaker was a very spongy mass, moss-like in appearance.
Three trials, each, were made with ~yltherm~ 800, Dowtherm~ J, and n-pentadecane. Similar behavior was noted for all three fluids. Very little boiling action and vapor release were noted when the molten tin contacted the liquid being evaluated. There was a squealing sound noted as molten tin was poured into Dowtherm~ J and n-pentadecane. Very little vapor relea~e was noted.
Minor differences were noted in the behavior of the tin a~ it dropped through the beaker filled with'~yltherm~
800, ~owtherm~ J, and n-pentadecane. The tin in passing through Syltherm~ 800 formed bead-like droplets which flowed together in the bottom of the beaker. Bubbles of vapor were noted coming off the beads of metal as they dropped through the Syltherm~ 800. As the molten tin passed through the Dowtherm~ J, there wa~ less tendency to form beads, as noted with the Syltherm'~ 800. As molten tin passed through n-pentadecane, the tin appeared to stay in one drop which ~plattered upon contacting the bottom of the beaker.
These above results demonstrate the phenomenon of a vapor explosion when a molten material is contacted with water. The results further demonstrate that Syltherm~ 800, a trimethyl~iloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid,does not create a vapor explosion when contacted with a molten material.
a. Fluid bohavior in the vicinity of the molten tin drop b. Vapor release of the fluid c. Audible evidence of an explosion d. Lo~ of fluid from the beaker.
Three trials were made with each fluid to be evaluated.
Water reacted very vigorously when the molten tin was poured into the beaker. A violent boiling action with vapor release and an audible "pop" were noted as soon as the molten tin contacted the water. The metal also splattered as it contacted the water. In one of the three trials, molten tin was actually thrown from the beaker onto the bottom of *Trademark for poly(methyl methacrylate) resin.
.... .. , ~
- ~ -the laboratory hood. The solidified tin from the bottom of the beaker was a very spongy mass, moss-like in appearance.
Three trials, each, were made with ~yltherm~ 800, Dowtherm~ J, and n-pentadecane. Similar behavior was noted for all three fluids. Very little boiling action and vapor release were noted when the molten tin contacted the liquid being evaluated. There was a squealing sound noted as molten tin was poured into Dowtherm~ J and n-pentadecane. Very little vapor relea~e was noted.
Minor differences were noted in the behavior of the tin a~ it dropped through the beaker filled with'~yltherm~
800, ~owtherm~ J, and n-pentadecane. The tin in passing through Syltherm~ 800 formed bead-like droplets which flowed together in the bottom of the beaker. Bubbles of vapor were noted coming off the beads of metal as they dropped through the Syltherm~ 800. As the molten tin passed through the Dowtherm~ J, there wa~ less tendency to form beads, as noted with the Syltherm'~ 800. As molten tin passed through n-pentadecane, the tin appeared to stay in one drop which ~plattered upon contacting the bottom of the beaker.
These above results demonstrate the phenomenon of a vapor explosion when a molten material is contacted with water. The results further demonstrate that Syltherm~ 800, a trimethyl~iloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid,does not create a vapor explosion when contacted with a molten material.
Claims (23)
1. In a process comprising (a) providing a molten medium, the molten medium being at a temperature greater than about 500°C.; (b) providing means for containing the molten medium; (c) using a heat transfer fluid for cooling the means for containing the molten medium; (d) providing means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid; and (e) providing means for conveying the heat transfer fluid between the means for containing the molten medium and the means for removing heat from the heat transfer fluid, the improvement comprising using a polyorganosiloxane fluid as the heat transfer fluid.
2. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is at a temperature greater than about 750°C.
3. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is at a temperature greater than about 1000°C.
4. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a molten salt.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a molten metalloid.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a molten metal.
7. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of a molten metalloid and a molten metal forming a corresponding alloy.
8. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of molten metals forming a corresponding alloy.
9. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of a molten metalloid oxide and a corresponding molten metalloid.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of a molten metal oxide and a corresponding molten metal.
11. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of molten metalloid oxides, molten metal oxides, and a corresponding molten alloy.
12. The process according to claim 1 wherein the molten medium is a mixture of molten metal oxides and a corresponding molten alloy.
13. The process according to claim 1 wherein the polyorganosiloxane fluid is a polydiorganosiloxane fluid.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein the polydiorganosiloxane fluid is a polydimethylsiloxane fluid.
15. The process according to claim 14 wherein the polydimethylsiloxane fluid is a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid.
16. The process according to claim 15 wherein the polydimethylsiloxane fluid is a trimethylsiloxy-endblocked polydimethylsiloxane fluid containing heat-stablizing agents.
17. The process according to claim 1 wherein the viscosity of the polyorganosiloxane fluid is less than about 50 centistokes.
18. The process according to claim 17 wherein the viscosity of the polyorganosiloxane fluid is the range of about 5 to 20 centistokes.
19. The process according to claim 9 wherein the metalloid produced is silicon.
20. The process according to claim 10 wherein the metal produced is iron.
21. The process according to claim 10 wherein the metal produced is aluminum.
22. The process according to claim 11 wherein the alloy produced is ferrosilicon.
23. The process according to claim 11 wherein the alloy produced is steel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US94712586A | 1986-12-29 | 1986-12-29 | |
| US947,125 | 1986-12-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1310049C true CA1310049C (en) | 1992-11-10 |
Family
ID=25485561
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000548662A Expired - Lifetime CA1310049C (en) | 1986-12-29 | 1987-10-06 | Cooling of molten media processes |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0283622B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63172886A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU596483B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8707074A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1310049C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3772971D1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO875251L (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2783544B2 (en) * | 1988-04-26 | 1998-08-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | Image processing device |
| EP0641849B1 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1999-10-06 | Dow Corning Corporation | Heat transfer fluid containing organosiloxane compositions |
| JP4780358B2 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2011-09-28 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Decorative sheet |
| AT508292B1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2011-03-15 | Mettop Gmbh | METHOD FOR COOLING A METALURGIC OVEN AND COOLING SYSTEM FOR METALURGICAL OVENS |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1103952B (en) * | 1955-11-05 | 1961-04-06 | Knapsack Ag | Process for cooling parts of industrial furnaces that are subject to particularly high thermal loads, in particular electrical furnaces |
| US3813425A (en) * | 1971-03-17 | 1974-05-28 | Gen Electric | Process for producing polysiloxane useful as brake fluids |
| DE2657238C3 (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1982-05-06 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | Shaft furnace with cooled hollow beams in the furnace interior |
| BE885896A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1981-02-16 | Okiep Copper Cy Ltd O | OVENS |
-
1987
- 1987-10-06 CA CA000548662A patent/CA1310049C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-02 EP EP19870309663 patent/EP0283622B1/en not_active Expired
- 1987-11-02 DE DE8787309663T patent/DE3772971D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-16 NO NO875251A patent/NO875251L/en unknown
- 1987-12-24 AU AU83066/87A patent/AU596483B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-12-28 JP JP33039887A patent/JPS63172886A/en active Pending
- 1987-12-28 BR BR8707074A patent/BR8707074A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0283622B1 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| NO875251D0 (en) | 1987-12-16 |
| AU8306687A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| DE3772971D1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| EP0283622A3 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
| EP0283622A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| NO875251L (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| BR8707074A (en) | 1988-08-02 |
| AU596483B2 (en) | 1990-05-03 |
| JPS63172886A (en) | 1988-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Coletti et al. | Observation of calcium aluminate inclusions at interfaces between Ca-treated, Al-killed steels and slags | |
| CA2100832A1 (en) | Method and Apparatus for Making Intermetallic Castings | |
| CA1310049C (en) | Cooling of molten media processes | |
| Huang et al. | Effect of be addition on the oxidation behavior of Mg− Ca alloys at elevated temperature | |
| CN1109115C (en) | Heat-resistant flame-retarded compression casting magnesium alloy and smelting cast technology thereof | |
| Wei et al. | Effect of carbon properties on melting behavior of mold fluxes for continuous casting of steels | |
| CA3022271C (en) | Smelting process and apparatus | |
| US2008731A (en) | Treatment of easily oxidizable alloys | |
| US3776719A (en) | Method of preparing copper for use in the arcing electrodes of a vacuum circuit interrupter | |
| US3728100A (en) | Electric furnace,particularly of the type using a dry crucible to melt highly reactive metals,and method | |
| US3145096A (en) | Method of degassing of molten metal | |
| RU2205238C2 (en) | Method and apparatus for electroslag heating of metal | |
| Berge et al. | An air melting technique for preparing Cu-Cr alloys | |
| JP7347393B2 (en) | Shell structure of molten metal storage container and molten metal storage container | |
| US2952534A (en) | Treatment of molten metals | |
| KR101619070B1 (en) | Refractory structure preventing corrosion in slag and bath boundary area and method for forming the structure | |
| RU2315253C1 (en) | Electric-arc furnace electrode holder | |
| EP0067634A2 (en) | Method of melting an alloy in an induction furnace | |
| RU2063453C1 (en) | Method of aluminum slags processing | |
| KR960006326B1 (en) | Coolant for aluminium dross | |
| Fox | Advanced submersion melting-beyond the vortex | |
| Pereira et al. | Tundish flux practice: comparison between rice hull ash and fly-ash based tundish flux considering some relevant thermodynamic properties | |
| JPS5762838A (en) | Method for holding alloy iron | |
| CN116121547A (en) | Method and device for reducing oxygen potential in remelting atmosphere and improving cleanliness of electroslag ingot | |
| CN102086489A (en) | Flame retardant method for aluminium alloy melting |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |