CA1309012C - Nozzle assembly for hot air torch - Google Patents
Nozzle assembly for hot air torchInfo
- Publication number
- CA1309012C CA1309012C CA000578615A CA578615A CA1309012C CA 1309012 C CA1309012 C CA 1309012C CA 000578615 A CA000578615 A CA 000578615A CA 578615 A CA578615 A CA 578615A CA 1309012 C CA1309012 C CA 1309012C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- air
- nozzle
- nozzle member
- housing
- jet openings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A nozzle assembly for use in a hot air torch wherein the hot air torch utilizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel. The hot air torch has a handle portion which holds a first pipe carrying pressurized air and a second pipe carrying propane under pressure. The first pipe containing pressurized air splits into two passageways, each passageway having a valve with which flow can be regulated. As propane travels through the second pipe to an exhaust outlet nozzle, pressurized air travels into a burner tube and an annular plenur surrounding the burner tube. The burner tube has circumferentially spaced openings. The compressed air from the plenum goes through the openings and travels radially inwardly toward the exhaust nozzle.
The exhaust nozzle has a generally frusto-conical shaped exterior side surface to present a frusto-conical surface against which air jets from the circumferentially spaced openings in the burner tube impinge. The frusto-conical side surface and the radially inwardly positioned air jets cause the air to converge with and impinge upon the nozzle. Air in a swirling motion mixes effectively with the gaseous fuel providing rapid combustion at a position upstream from the nozzle.
A nozzle assembly for use in a hot air torch wherein the hot air torch utilizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel. The hot air torch has a handle portion which holds a first pipe carrying pressurized air and a second pipe carrying propane under pressure. The first pipe containing pressurized air splits into two passageways, each passageway having a valve with which flow can be regulated. As propane travels through the second pipe to an exhaust outlet nozzle, pressurized air travels into a burner tube and an annular plenur surrounding the burner tube. The burner tube has circumferentially spaced openings. The compressed air from the plenum goes through the openings and travels radially inwardly toward the exhaust nozzle.
The exhaust nozzle has a generally frusto-conical shaped exterior side surface to present a frusto-conical surface against which air jets from the circumferentially spaced openings in the burner tube impinge. The frusto-conical side surface and the radially inwardly positioned air jets cause the air to converge with and impinge upon the nozzle. Air in a swirling motion mixes effectively with the gaseous fuel providing rapid combustion at a position upstream from the nozzle.
Description
l3c90 12 BACRGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(a)Field of the Invention me present invention relates ~enerally ~o a hot air torch and in particular to a nozæle assembly ~Eor a hot air torch.
(b)Background Art Hot air torches whlch have a handle portion and a nozzle portion are already known in the prior art. At the handle portion, a ~irst pipe carries pressurized air~
and a second pipe carries proFane gas under pressure.
The firs~ pipe carrying pressurized air leads into a block which splits ~he air into first and ~econd air passageways. The passageways each have a valve by which flow can be regulated. The propane that travels through the second pipe passes through a conduit, and it is directed to a ~uel exhaust ou~let defined by a fuel discharge nozzle. The pressurized air from the first passageway ~ravels into another passageway portion, and then into an annular plenum which surrounds an inner burner tube or housing. The burner tube has at its rear end circumferentially spaced radially inwardly directed air 3et openings. The campressed air from the plenum goe~ through ghe jet openings and travels radially inwardly t~ward the nozzle ou~let. This air then travels with the propane forward through the burner tube or 1 30q~1 2 housing and the air mixes with the propane. The mixture of propane and compressed air ignite within the burner tube and within a main cylindrical outer housing, alld 'che flame travels outwardly through the main housing and also heats the air in the second air passageway. Hot exhaust gases proceed from the front opening of the main housing and compressed ai r flows thrcugh the exhaust outlet noz~le for the second air pass39eway.
In the prior art air torch described above, there was provided a discharge nozzle of conventional design~
where the lateral surfaces of the discharge nozzle were longitudinally aligned in the pattern of a regular hexagon. While that hot air torch generally served its primary function of supplyiny heat from the combustion products in the main housing, and also heating the high velocity air traveling through the second passageway, it was felt that there wa~ need for Lmprovement. This led to the development of the present invention which is an improved nozzle assembly for such a hot air torch.
A search of the U.S. Patent literature has disclosed a number of prior art paten~s, these being the following:
U.S. patent No7 4,462,794 to Vosper et al.
di~closes a method of operating a wall-fired duct heater and a burner in which the various air paths enter radially to the axis of the fuel feed.
U.S. patent No. 4,416,613 to Bari~off discloses a blow pipe type of burner in which there is an axially extending burner tube connected to a mixing chamber.
m ere are radial air inlet openings that allow air to enter a fuel air mixing chamber and air for coolin~ is supplied to a ~pace in front of the burner. The improvement of Barisoff i~ a self cooling ~hield.
13rv~012 U.S. patent No. 4~082,497 ~o Crawford et al.
teaches a high capacity quiet burner for a hot air heating system which has an open outlet end and a closed inlet end, and a secondary air flow over the burner area is provided to a space where the seconda~ry air and the flame exhaust mix. This provides a quiet combustion process in which it is alleged that there is uniform and stable combustion.
U.S. patent No. 3,851,050 to Groenendaal et al.
discloses a sulphur dioxide burner with a radial oxygen feed.
U.S. patent No. 3,156,452 to Flynn teaches a heater with a radial air feed wherein air enters behind rather than in front of the fuel nozzle.
U.S. patent No. 2,107,365 to Bray discloses a burner in which air enters the burner chamber and by radial openings and additional air to be heated enters a ~econd chamber through the radial openings.
U.S. patent ~o. lgl72~755 to Wilson sh~ws an oil burner in which air i~ fed radially both behind the fuel feed, and in the combustion chamber.
U.S. patent No. 316,059 to Randol shows a burner with a combustion chamber having air openings.
Reisæue Re~ 28,665 to Zagoroff discloses a heat gun with air at both the flame area and the secondary mixing area that is radially fed.
13"','()1~
SUMMARY OF THE :lNVENTION
According to one aspect of ~e invention, ~ere is disclosed a nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end a:nd a back end par~icularly adapted for use in a hot air torch svhereill the hot air torch u~lizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel compris~ng:
a) a base structure;
b) a circum~erential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned wi~ the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumfe~ential side wall which extends around ~he longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) a nozzle member located at ~e rear end of the housing and centered on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly, ~e nozzle member having a front fo~1vardly facing por~on wi~ a cente~ ~rough opening, the opening having a front end which faces ~rom ~e nozzle member in a forward direction along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly so as to discharge ~uel in a forward direction through the combus~on chamber, the nozzle mernber being characterized in that ~e nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface whch slopes inwardly and forwardly to terrninate at the :~ront end of ~e center through opemng;
d) an annular air discharg0 structure located at the rear end of the housing and defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the s~lcture having a plurali~y of radially inwardly directed air jet 1 3i 9 0 1 2 openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from ~e plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member; and e) ~he nozzle member and the air discharge struchlre being positioned such that air jets discharged from ~he air jet openings converge at and impinge UpOXI the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member, with ~e a~r jets being a p~mary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from lhe nozzle member, whereby as air is directed from l~e air discharge structure ~rough the air jet openings and flows radially ulwardly toward the nozzle member and as gaseous fuel flows from the nozzle open~ng, the air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member in a manner that the air combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air wi~ ~e gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
Accordingly to a fur~er aspect of ~e inven~on, there is disc.losed a method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch with a nozzle assembly, ~e nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end and a back end wherein the hot air torch u~lizes a source of compressed air and a source o~ gaseous fuel, comprising the steps ~:
a~ providing a base structure;
b) p~oviding a circumferential housing having a :front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longihldinal center ~xis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a p~ima~y combustion chamber;
c) providing a nozzle member;
d) positioning the nozzle member at the rear end of the housing and centering the nozzle member on ~e longitudin~l axis of ~e nozzle assembly;
e) providing the nozzle member with a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a firont end which faces from the nozzle member in a ~orw~d direction, the nozzle member being characteri~ed in that the nozzle member has a generally f~sto-conical ex~erior side surface which slopes ~nw~rdly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the opening;
f3 providing an annular air discharge structure defining an anrlular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the air discharge structure having a plurali~ of radiaUy inwardly directed air jet openings posi~oned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member;
g) positioning the annular air discharge structure at ~e rear end of the housing;
h) positioning the nozzle member and the air discharge structure such that air jets discharged from the air jet open~ngs converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surfa(~e of ~e nozzle member;
i) directing air from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings whereby ~e air flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member with the air jets be~ng a primary source of combustion a~r for the fuel discharged from ~e nozzle member; and 1 3''qO 1 2 j) directing gaseous fuel flow from the source of gaseous iFuel whereby air strikes the ~rusto-conical exteriox side surface of the nozzle member ~md combinf~s effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effec~e combustion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OlF~ THE SEVlERAL VlEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, with the use of drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an isometric view of a hot air torch particularly adapted to incorporate ~e nozzle assembly of the present invention;
Figure 2 is an isomebic exploded view of the lower end portion of ~e torch of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a sectional view t~en lhrough a longitudinal center axis of ~e nozzle assembly of ~e present invention;
Figure 4 is a view similar to ~igure 3, illustra~ng a manner in which the nozzle member of the nozzle assembly is properly positioned relaiive to ~e air jet openings.
1 3~`qO1 2 DESC~PTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIP~ENT
Referring now to the drawings in general and in particular to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a side elevational view of a hot air torch shown generally by the numeral 8. m e hot air torch 8 has a handle portion shown generally by the number 10 which has an air pipe 14 which is a source of compressed air and a propane pipe 16 which is a source of gaseous fuel which both lead into and are covered by the handle 11. The air pipe 14 ~nd the propane pipe 16 exit from the handle 11 and propane pipe 16 has a valve 27 used t~ control the flaw of the propane. The air pipe 14 connects to block 18 at which point the air pipe 14 splits into two air passageway conduits 20 and 22. me air passageway conduit 20 has a handle 56 for a valve to con~rol the air flow ~hrough conduit 20, the air passa~eway conduit 22 has a correspondin~ handle 58 for a valve controllinc the air flow through air conduit 22, and the pr~pane pipe 16 has a valve 27 for controlling the flow of gaseous ~uel.
From the valve 27 for propane pipe 16, the fuel passes through fuel pipe 30 into vuter burner housing 32 which has cooling fins 34. The movement of air and fuel Lnto the outer burning housing 32 will be described in greater detail with referen~e to FIG. 3~
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is æho~n an exploded perspective view of the nozzle member as it is positioned in the ho~ aix torch. Fuel pipe 30 extends downwardly from the handle portion 11, ~s ~hown in E'IG. 1, and has an exteriorly threaded end that ~crews into a center opening in a pla~e 3B~ Exhaust nozzle 50 ha~ an exteriorly threaded rear end which is threaded into fuel pipe 30, and the pipe 30 is fixedly held in position by means of a lock means 28. ~n inner burner housing 44 is mounted to the plate 38. Inner burner housing 44 has a leng~hwise axis shown at dashed line 45 which is aligned with the }ongitudinal center axis of the nozzle 50 shown at line 43. The inner burner housing 44 has a cylindEical configuration with a front open end 45a and the inner burner housing 44 is positioned within the outer burner housing 32. The outer burner housing is attached to the mounting plate by means of screws 54.
The outer burner housing 32 has its cooling fins 34 positioned annularly around outer burner housing 32.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a sectional view taken along the longitudinal centerline of the hot air torch showLng the internal compo~ition of the hot air torch. It can be seen that f uel pipe 30 leads into a longitudinally aligned central fuel discharge passageway 40 formed in the nozzle 50, from which fuel flows into the inner burner housing 44. qhe inner burner housing 44 has an air discharge housing 42 which is positioned entirely around the rear end of ~he inner burner hou~ing 440 The air discharge housing 42 defines an annular plenum 42a and has a plurality of radially inwardly direc~ed air ~et openings 46 positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member S~ to direct air fram ~he air discharge housing 42 ~hrough the air jet openings 46 towards ~he exhaust nozzle 50. In the preferred embodin~nt ~he air jet openings 46 are spaoed evenly apa~t and ~ub~antially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 43 o~ the exhaust nozzle SQ~ Exhaust nozzle 50 has an exhaust ou~let 36.
1 3i,~O1 2 Further shown in FIG. 3, it can be ~een that upper air passageway 22, lower air pas~geway 2n and fuel pipe 30 are all attach~d to rear mounting plate 38. ~ear moun~ing plate 38 has an outside surface 48 to which is mounted the outer burner housing 32. Ll~er air pas~ageway conduit 20 is shown extending into and through the outer burner housing 32. ~igh velocity air that is discharged from the lower air pas~ageway ~onduit 20 at a more foreward locatio~ (i.e. jU8~ forwardly of the outler main housing 32). This high velocity air can be u~ed, for example, to dislodge debris which i8 in the path of the hot combu~tion gasses flowing from the outer main housing 32.
With reference to FIG. 3, in operation, compressed air frcm the upper air passageway 22 ~ravels through the rear mounting plate 38 into t~e air discharqe housing 42 which entirely surrounds the rear end of the inner burner housing 44. The compressed air from the air dis~harge housing 42 goes through ~he air jet openings 46 and travels radially inwardly towards the exhaust outlet 36. Also, propane gas travels through fuel pipe 30 into the inner burner housing 44. The compressed air from the air discharge housing 42 mixes with the propane gas an~ mo~es forwardly throuyh the inner burner housing 44. me mixture of air and propane ignites and the flame travels outwardly from the inner housinq 44 and i~to ~he outer burner housing 32. As the flame travels outwardly through the outer burner housin~ 32/ it heats the air in lower air passageway oonduit 20 which is di~charged at a forward location SOa.
It Ehould be emphasized that the components de6cribed abwe are, in and of themselves, already known 13"~012 in the prior art. The present inven~ion resides in the particular configuration of the exhaust nozzle 50 which, in combination with the above-described c~mponent~t provides particularly effective combustion in the inner housing 44 and on into the outer hou~ing 32.
The frusto-conical configuration of the exhaust nozzle 50 presents a frusto-conical exterior side surface 50a against which the air je~s from ~he circumferentially spaced air jet openings 46 in the inner burner housing 44 impinge. lt has been found that this particular arrangement causes an effective mixing of t:he air with the propane uel so that combustion take~ place very rapidly and e~ficiently, with substantially complete combustion taking pl~ce entirely within the housing 32.
In this preferred embodimen~, the slant of the frusto-conical sur~ace 50a is at about 45 to ~he oe nter nozzle a~is 43. HQwever, this angle could be varied ~omewhat from this exact angle~
Referring now to FIG. 4~ there is shown an enlarged sectional view æhowing the air dischar~e assembly. ~xhaust nozzle 50 has a fron~ ~a oe portion 66 which is at the end of exhaust nozzle 50 and ~urrounds the e~haust outlet 36O Line 68 is a line coincident wi~h the front face portion 66 of exhaust nozzle 50 and line 64 is a line which is coincident with a plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings 46.
m e posit~on of the front face portion 66 of ~he exhaus~
nozzle 50 ~hould no~ be more th2n one half of a hundredth of an inch rearwardly nor more ~han one and a half hundred~h of an inch forwardly of ~he plane de~ined by ~he front edges of the air jet opening~ shown at 640 In ~he preferred embod~men~, the exhau~t nozzle 50 should 1 3r`9rJ 1 2 not be more than .002 inch rearwardly nor more than .007 inch forwardly frcm the front edge 64 of the air jet openings 46. Desirably the front face 66 should be coincident with the plane 64 or just 0.002 to 0.004 inch forwardly of the plane 64.
It has been found that this placement of the nozzle 50 relative to the air jets 46 is quite critical.
In presenting the preferred loctation of the nozzle 50, it is to be ~mderstood that the aligr~nent of the ~ir jets 46 i~ ~uch that the direction or~ the air jets emitted fran the openings 46 is perpendicular to ~he longitudinal center axis 45. Obviously, if the radially inward direction of the fl~w from these air jets 46 varied from a plane perpendicular to the axis 45f ~:he plac~nent of the nozzle 50 wou~d vary accordingly, so that the air je s would impinge properly on ~he f rusto~onical nozzle surface 50a. It is believed that ~he effec~ive combustion achieved by the pre~en~
invention is due to the interaction of the air ~ets from the openings 46 at the very front end location of the ~ozzle 50. If the nozzle is placed too far rearwardly, there is a tendency for the high-pressure air jets ~o ~nuff out ~he flame, possibly by creatin~ ~ufficient back pressure to inhibit the discharge of the propane fuel.
Or it happens that the flame which is developed is rather erratic. On ~he other hand, if the nozzle 50 is placed too far forward, relative to the plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings 46, the combustion take~ place at a further downstream direction, and in operation i can be ~een that flame is ~ctually emitted from the for~ard open end of the ~a~n cylinder 32. On the other hand~ when the front face 66 is o~incident with 13r( O12 the plane at ~he line 64 or just slightly forward thereof t the fuel-air mixture is optimized at a further upstream location~ For ease of illustration, the distance between the lines 64 and 68 in FIG~ 4 is somewhat exaggerated. In actual practice, these lines 64 and 68 would be either very close to one other, or coincident with one another.
Also in the preferred embodiment~ the front out face portion ~6 of exhaust nozzle 50 has a diameter of about 04218 inch, and the exhaust outlet 36 in the exhaust nozzle 50 has a diameter ~etween .0930 inch to .0940 inch.
To properly position the nozzle 50 relative to the air jet openings 46, there is, as shown in ~IG. 4, a positioning tool 62. This positioning tool 62 comprises a wooden cylindrical block 72 haYing a locating flange 74~ and a centrally located and longitudinally ~ligned metallic rod-like member 60 extending through the block 72. The block 72 is placed within the inner housing 44, and an electrical connection is made ~etween the rear end of the metal rod 60 to a ba~tery 76 throug~
a switch 78 back to the metallic csnduit 30. m e conduit 30, with the nozzle 50 already threaded therein, is screwed forwardly within ~he plate 38. (The lock nut 28 is a~ ~his time loose). When the front face 66 of the nozzle 50 comes into contact with the front end of the metallic rod 60, an electrical circuit is closed, and a light bulb 80 which is connec'ced in 6eries with the bat'cery 76 and the switch 78 ~the E;witch 7S being closed) will light up. ~fter this, ~he lock nut 28 is threaded dowrl tightly onto ~che oonduit 30 to hold the conduit 30 in place.
1 3"?~1 ~
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the applicant's nozzle configuration in the form of a generally frusto-conically shaped exter:ior ~ide surface in cambination with the air discharge sl:ructure which has a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings provides efficient and effective combustion in a hot air ~orch~
It should be apparent after ~tudying the drawings and reading the description o~ ~he preferred ~mbodiment that o~her ch~nges may be made in the arrangement of the parts and the positioning of the various structures in the assembly. The applicant is not to be limited to the exact embodiment shown which has been given by way of illustration onlyO
(a)Field of the Invention me present invention relates ~enerally ~o a hot air torch and in particular to a nozæle assembly ~Eor a hot air torch.
(b)Background Art Hot air torches whlch have a handle portion and a nozzle portion are already known in the prior art. At the handle portion, a ~irst pipe carries pressurized air~
and a second pipe carries proFane gas under pressure.
The firs~ pipe carrying pressurized air leads into a block which splits ~he air into first and ~econd air passageways. The passageways each have a valve by which flow can be regulated. The propane that travels through the second pipe passes through a conduit, and it is directed to a ~uel exhaust ou~let defined by a fuel discharge nozzle. The pressurized air from the first passageway ~ravels into another passageway portion, and then into an annular plenum which surrounds an inner burner tube or housing. The burner tube has at its rear end circumferentially spaced radially inwardly directed air 3et openings. The campressed air from the plenum goe~ through ghe jet openings and travels radially inwardly t~ward the nozzle ou~let. This air then travels with the propane forward through the burner tube or 1 30q~1 2 housing and the air mixes with the propane. The mixture of propane and compressed air ignite within the burner tube and within a main cylindrical outer housing, alld 'che flame travels outwardly through the main housing and also heats the air in the second air passageway. Hot exhaust gases proceed from the front opening of the main housing and compressed ai r flows thrcugh the exhaust outlet noz~le for the second air pass39eway.
In the prior art air torch described above, there was provided a discharge nozzle of conventional design~
where the lateral surfaces of the discharge nozzle were longitudinally aligned in the pattern of a regular hexagon. While that hot air torch generally served its primary function of supplyiny heat from the combustion products in the main housing, and also heating the high velocity air traveling through the second passageway, it was felt that there wa~ need for Lmprovement. This led to the development of the present invention which is an improved nozzle assembly for such a hot air torch.
A search of the U.S. Patent literature has disclosed a number of prior art paten~s, these being the following:
U.S. patent No7 4,462,794 to Vosper et al.
di~closes a method of operating a wall-fired duct heater and a burner in which the various air paths enter radially to the axis of the fuel feed.
U.S. patent No. 4,416,613 to Bari~off discloses a blow pipe type of burner in which there is an axially extending burner tube connected to a mixing chamber.
m ere are radial air inlet openings that allow air to enter a fuel air mixing chamber and air for coolin~ is supplied to a ~pace in front of the burner. The improvement of Barisoff i~ a self cooling ~hield.
13rv~012 U.S. patent No. 4~082,497 ~o Crawford et al.
teaches a high capacity quiet burner for a hot air heating system which has an open outlet end and a closed inlet end, and a secondary air flow over the burner area is provided to a space where the seconda~ry air and the flame exhaust mix. This provides a quiet combustion process in which it is alleged that there is uniform and stable combustion.
U.S. patent No. 3,851,050 to Groenendaal et al.
discloses a sulphur dioxide burner with a radial oxygen feed.
U.S. patent No. 3,156,452 to Flynn teaches a heater with a radial air feed wherein air enters behind rather than in front of the fuel nozzle.
U.S. patent No. 2,107,365 to Bray discloses a burner in which air enters the burner chamber and by radial openings and additional air to be heated enters a ~econd chamber through the radial openings.
U.S. patent ~o. lgl72~755 to Wilson sh~ws an oil burner in which air i~ fed radially both behind the fuel feed, and in the combustion chamber.
U.S. patent No. 316,059 to Randol shows a burner with a combustion chamber having air openings.
Reisæue Re~ 28,665 to Zagoroff discloses a heat gun with air at both the flame area and the secondary mixing area that is radially fed.
13"','()1~
SUMMARY OF THE :lNVENTION
According to one aspect of ~e invention, ~ere is disclosed a nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end a:nd a back end par~icularly adapted for use in a hot air torch svhereill the hot air torch u~lizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel compris~ng:
a) a base structure;
b) a circum~erential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned wi~ the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumfe~ential side wall which extends around ~he longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) a nozzle member located at ~e rear end of the housing and centered on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly, ~e nozzle member having a front fo~1vardly facing por~on wi~ a cente~ ~rough opening, the opening having a front end which faces ~rom ~e nozzle member in a forward direction along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly so as to discharge ~uel in a forward direction through the combus~on chamber, the nozzle mernber being characterized in that ~e nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface whch slopes inwardly and forwardly to terrninate at the :~ront end of ~e center through opemng;
d) an annular air discharg0 structure located at the rear end of the housing and defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the s~lcture having a plurali~y of radially inwardly directed air jet 1 3i 9 0 1 2 openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from ~e plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member; and e) ~he nozzle member and the air discharge struchlre being positioned such that air jets discharged from ~he air jet openings converge at and impinge UpOXI the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member, with ~e a~r jets being a p~mary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from lhe nozzle member, whereby as air is directed from l~e air discharge structure ~rough the air jet openings and flows radially ulwardly toward the nozzle member and as gaseous fuel flows from the nozzle open~ng, the air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member in a manner that the air combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air wi~ ~e gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
Accordingly to a fur~er aspect of ~e inven~on, there is disc.losed a method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch with a nozzle assembly, ~e nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end and a back end wherein the hot air torch u~lizes a source of compressed air and a source o~ gaseous fuel, comprising the steps ~:
a~ providing a base structure;
b) p~oviding a circumferential housing having a :front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longihldinal center ~xis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a p~ima~y combustion chamber;
c) providing a nozzle member;
d) positioning the nozzle member at the rear end of the housing and centering the nozzle member on ~e longitudin~l axis of ~e nozzle assembly;
e) providing the nozzle member with a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a firont end which faces from the nozzle member in a ~orw~d direction, the nozzle member being characteri~ed in that the nozzle member has a generally f~sto-conical ex~erior side surface which slopes ~nw~rdly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the opening;
f3 providing an annular air discharge structure defining an anrlular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the air discharge structure having a plurali~ of radiaUy inwardly directed air jet openings posi~oned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member;
g) positioning the annular air discharge structure at ~e rear end of the housing;
h) positioning the nozzle member and the air discharge structure such that air jets discharged from the air jet open~ngs converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surfa(~e of ~e nozzle member;
i) directing air from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings whereby ~e air flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member with the air jets be~ng a primary source of combustion a~r for the fuel discharged from ~e nozzle member; and 1 3''qO 1 2 j) directing gaseous fuel flow from the source of gaseous iFuel whereby air strikes the ~rusto-conical exteriox side surface of the nozzle member ~md combinf~s effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effec~e combustion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OlF~ THE SEVlERAL VlEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example, with the use of drawings in which:
Figure 1 is an isometric view of a hot air torch particularly adapted to incorporate ~e nozzle assembly of the present invention;
Figure 2 is an isomebic exploded view of the lower end portion of ~e torch of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a sectional view t~en lhrough a longitudinal center axis of ~e nozzle assembly of ~e present invention;
Figure 4 is a view similar to ~igure 3, illustra~ng a manner in which the nozzle member of the nozzle assembly is properly positioned relaiive to ~e air jet openings.
1 3~`qO1 2 DESC~PTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIP~ENT
Referring now to the drawings in general and in particular to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a side elevational view of a hot air torch shown generally by the numeral 8. m e hot air torch 8 has a handle portion shown generally by the number 10 which has an air pipe 14 which is a source of compressed air and a propane pipe 16 which is a source of gaseous fuel which both lead into and are covered by the handle 11. The air pipe 14 ~nd the propane pipe 16 exit from the handle 11 and propane pipe 16 has a valve 27 used t~ control the flaw of the propane. The air pipe 14 connects to block 18 at which point the air pipe 14 splits into two air passageway conduits 20 and 22. me air passageway conduit 20 has a handle 56 for a valve to con~rol the air flow ~hrough conduit 20, the air passa~eway conduit 22 has a correspondin~ handle 58 for a valve controllinc the air flow through air conduit 22, and the pr~pane pipe 16 has a valve 27 for controlling the flow of gaseous ~uel.
From the valve 27 for propane pipe 16, the fuel passes through fuel pipe 30 into vuter burner housing 32 which has cooling fins 34. The movement of air and fuel Lnto the outer burning housing 32 will be described in greater detail with referen~e to FIG. 3~
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is æho~n an exploded perspective view of the nozzle member as it is positioned in the ho~ aix torch. Fuel pipe 30 extends downwardly from the handle portion 11, ~s ~hown in E'IG. 1, and has an exteriorly threaded end that ~crews into a center opening in a pla~e 3B~ Exhaust nozzle 50 ha~ an exteriorly threaded rear end which is threaded into fuel pipe 30, and the pipe 30 is fixedly held in position by means of a lock means 28. ~n inner burner housing 44 is mounted to the plate 38. Inner burner housing 44 has a leng~hwise axis shown at dashed line 45 which is aligned with the }ongitudinal center axis of the nozzle 50 shown at line 43. The inner burner housing 44 has a cylindEical configuration with a front open end 45a and the inner burner housing 44 is positioned within the outer burner housing 32. The outer burner housing is attached to the mounting plate by means of screws 54.
The outer burner housing 32 has its cooling fins 34 positioned annularly around outer burner housing 32.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a sectional view taken along the longitudinal centerline of the hot air torch showLng the internal compo~ition of the hot air torch. It can be seen that f uel pipe 30 leads into a longitudinally aligned central fuel discharge passageway 40 formed in the nozzle 50, from which fuel flows into the inner burner housing 44. qhe inner burner housing 44 has an air discharge housing 42 which is positioned entirely around the rear end of ~he inner burner hou~ing 440 The air discharge housing 42 defines an annular plenum 42a and has a plurality of radially inwardly direc~ed air ~et openings 46 positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member S~ to direct air fram ~he air discharge housing 42 ~hrough the air jet openings 46 towards ~he exhaust nozzle 50. In the preferred embodin~nt ~he air jet openings 46 are spaoed evenly apa~t and ~ub~antially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 43 o~ the exhaust nozzle SQ~ Exhaust nozzle 50 has an exhaust ou~let 36.
1 3i,~O1 2 Further shown in FIG. 3, it can be ~een that upper air passageway 22, lower air pas~geway 2n and fuel pipe 30 are all attach~d to rear mounting plate 38. ~ear moun~ing plate 38 has an outside surface 48 to which is mounted the outer burner housing 32. Ll~er air pas~ageway conduit 20 is shown extending into and through the outer burner housing 32. ~igh velocity air that is discharged from the lower air pas~ageway ~onduit 20 at a more foreward locatio~ (i.e. jU8~ forwardly of the outler main housing 32). This high velocity air can be u~ed, for example, to dislodge debris which i8 in the path of the hot combu~tion gasses flowing from the outer main housing 32.
With reference to FIG. 3, in operation, compressed air frcm the upper air passageway 22 ~ravels through the rear mounting plate 38 into t~e air discharqe housing 42 which entirely surrounds the rear end of the inner burner housing 44. The compressed air from the air dis~harge housing 42 goes through ~he air jet openings 46 and travels radially inwardly towards the exhaust outlet 36. Also, propane gas travels through fuel pipe 30 into the inner burner housing 44. The compressed air from the air discharge housing 42 mixes with the propane gas an~ mo~es forwardly throuyh the inner burner housing 44. me mixture of air and propane ignites and the flame travels outwardly from the inner housinq 44 and i~to ~he outer burner housing 32. As the flame travels outwardly through the outer burner housin~ 32/ it heats the air in lower air passageway oonduit 20 which is di~charged at a forward location SOa.
It Ehould be emphasized that the components de6cribed abwe are, in and of themselves, already known 13"~012 in the prior art. The present inven~ion resides in the particular configuration of the exhaust nozzle 50 which, in combination with the above-described c~mponent~t provides particularly effective combustion in the inner housing 44 and on into the outer hou~ing 32.
The frusto-conical configuration of the exhaust nozzle 50 presents a frusto-conical exterior side surface 50a against which the air je~s from ~he circumferentially spaced air jet openings 46 in the inner burner housing 44 impinge. lt has been found that this particular arrangement causes an effective mixing of t:he air with the propane uel so that combustion take~ place very rapidly and e~ficiently, with substantially complete combustion taking pl~ce entirely within the housing 32.
In this preferred embodimen~, the slant of the frusto-conical sur~ace 50a is at about 45 to ~he oe nter nozzle a~is 43. HQwever, this angle could be varied ~omewhat from this exact angle~
Referring now to FIG. 4~ there is shown an enlarged sectional view æhowing the air dischar~e assembly. ~xhaust nozzle 50 has a fron~ ~a oe portion 66 which is at the end of exhaust nozzle 50 and ~urrounds the e~haust outlet 36O Line 68 is a line coincident wi~h the front face portion 66 of exhaust nozzle 50 and line 64 is a line which is coincident with a plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings 46.
m e posit~on of the front face portion 66 of ~he exhaus~
nozzle 50 ~hould no~ be more th2n one half of a hundredth of an inch rearwardly nor more ~han one and a half hundred~h of an inch forwardly of ~he plane de~ined by ~he front edges of the air jet opening~ shown at 640 In ~he preferred embod~men~, the exhau~t nozzle 50 should 1 3r`9rJ 1 2 not be more than .002 inch rearwardly nor more than .007 inch forwardly frcm the front edge 64 of the air jet openings 46. Desirably the front face 66 should be coincident with the plane 64 or just 0.002 to 0.004 inch forwardly of the plane 64.
It has been found that this placement of the nozzle 50 relative to the air jets 46 is quite critical.
In presenting the preferred loctation of the nozzle 50, it is to be ~mderstood that the aligr~nent of the ~ir jets 46 i~ ~uch that the direction or~ the air jets emitted fran the openings 46 is perpendicular to ~he longitudinal center axis 45. Obviously, if the radially inward direction of the fl~w from these air jets 46 varied from a plane perpendicular to the axis 45f ~:he plac~nent of the nozzle 50 wou~d vary accordingly, so that the air je s would impinge properly on ~he f rusto~onical nozzle surface 50a. It is believed that ~he effec~ive combustion achieved by the pre~en~
invention is due to the interaction of the air ~ets from the openings 46 at the very front end location of the ~ozzle 50. If the nozzle is placed too far rearwardly, there is a tendency for the high-pressure air jets ~o ~nuff out ~he flame, possibly by creatin~ ~ufficient back pressure to inhibit the discharge of the propane fuel.
Or it happens that the flame which is developed is rather erratic. On ~he other hand, if the nozzle 50 is placed too far forward, relative to the plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings 46, the combustion take~ place at a further downstream direction, and in operation i can be ~een that flame is ~ctually emitted from the for~ard open end of the ~a~n cylinder 32. On the other hand~ when the front face 66 is o~incident with 13r( O12 the plane at ~he line 64 or just slightly forward thereof t the fuel-air mixture is optimized at a further upstream location~ For ease of illustration, the distance between the lines 64 and 68 in FIG~ 4 is somewhat exaggerated. In actual practice, these lines 64 and 68 would be either very close to one other, or coincident with one another.
Also in the preferred embodiment~ the front out face portion ~6 of exhaust nozzle 50 has a diameter of about 04218 inch, and the exhaust outlet 36 in the exhaust nozzle 50 has a diameter ~etween .0930 inch to .0940 inch.
To properly position the nozzle 50 relative to the air jet openings 46, there is, as shown in ~IG. 4, a positioning tool 62. This positioning tool 62 comprises a wooden cylindrical block 72 haYing a locating flange 74~ and a centrally located and longitudinally ~ligned metallic rod-like member 60 extending through the block 72. The block 72 is placed within the inner housing 44, and an electrical connection is made ~etween the rear end of the metal rod 60 to a ba~tery 76 throug~
a switch 78 back to the metallic csnduit 30. m e conduit 30, with the nozzle 50 already threaded therein, is screwed forwardly within ~he plate 38. (The lock nut 28 is a~ ~his time loose). When the front face 66 of the nozzle 50 comes into contact with the front end of the metallic rod 60, an electrical circuit is closed, and a light bulb 80 which is connec'ced in 6eries with the bat'cery 76 and the switch 78 ~the E;witch 7S being closed) will light up. ~fter this, ~he lock nut 28 is threaded dowrl tightly onto ~che oonduit 30 to hold the conduit 30 in place.
1 3"?~1 ~
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the applicant's nozzle configuration in the form of a generally frusto-conically shaped exter:ior ~ide surface in cambination with the air discharge sl:ructure which has a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings provides efficient and effective combustion in a hot air ~orch~
It should be apparent after ~tudying the drawings and reading the description o~ ~he preferred ~mbodiment that o~her ch~nges may be made in the arrangement of the parts and the positioning of the various structures in the assembly. The applicant is not to be limited to the exact embodiment shown which has been given by way of illustration onlyO
Claims (12)
1. A nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end and a back end particularly adapted for use in a hot air torch wherein the hot air torch utilizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel comprising:
a) a base structure;
b) a circumferential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) a nozzle member located at the rear end of the housing and centered on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly, the nozzle member having a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a front end which faces from the nozzle member in a forward direction along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly so as to discharge fuel in a forward direction through the combustion chamber, the nozzle member being characterized in that the nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface which slopes inwardly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the center through opening;
d) an annular air discharge structure located at the rear end of the housing and defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the structure having a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member; and e) the nozzle member and the air discharge structure being positioned such that air jets discharged from the air jet openings converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member, with the air jets being a primary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from the nozzle member, whereby as air is directed from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings and flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member and as gaseous fuel flows from the nozzle opening, the air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member in a manner that the air combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
a) a base structure;
b) a circumferential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) a nozzle member located at the rear end of the housing and centered on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly, the nozzle member having a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a front end which faces from the nozzle member in a forward direction along the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly so as to discharge fuel in a forward direction through the combustion chamber, the nozzle member being characterized in that the nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface which slopes inwardly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the center through opening;
d) an annular air discharge structure located at the rear end of the housing and defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the structure having a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member; and e) the nozzle member and the air discharge structure being positioned such that air jets discharged from the air jet openings converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member, with the air jets being a primary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from the nozzle member, whereby as air is directed from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings and flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member and as gaseous fuel flows from the nozzle opening, the air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member in a manner that the air combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
2. The nozzle assembly as defined in claim 1 wherein the radially inwardly directed air jet openings are evenly spaced apart and have discharged alignment axes substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly.
3. The nozzle assembly as defined in claim 2 wherein the air jet openings in the annular air discharge structure each have a front edge defining a transverse reference plane, and the front surface of the nozzle member at the center through opening of the nozzle member is positioned not more than 0.005 inch rearwardly nor more than 0.015 inch forwardly of the reference plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings.
4. The nozzle assembly as defined in claim 3 wherein the front surface of the nozzle member is positioned not more than 0.002 inch rearwardly nor more than 0.007 inch forwardly of the reference plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings.
5. The nozzle assembly as defined in claim 1 further comprising an outer housing positioned around the primary combustion chamber and extending further downstream therefrom.
6. The nozzle assembly as recited in claim 1, wherein said nozzle assembly is arranged so that a flow area positioned forwardly of the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle is substantially unrestricted to permit flow of the air jets to be deflected forwardly from the frusto-conical exterior side surface in a forward direction to flow substantially unobstructed into the combustion chamber.
7. A method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch with a nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly having a longitudinal center axis, a front end and a back end wherein the hot air torch utilizes a source of compressed air and a source of gaseous fuel, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a base structure;
b) providing a differential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) providing a nozzle member;
d) positioning the nozzle member at the rear and of the housing and centering the nozzle member on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly;
e) providing the nozzle member with a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a front end which faces from the nozzle member in a forward direction, the nozzle member being characterized in that be nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface which slopes inwardly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the opening;
f) providing an annular air discharge structure defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the air discharge structure having a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member;
g) positioning the annular air discharge structure at the rear end of the housing;
h) positioning the nozzle member and the air discharge structure such that air jets discharged from the air jet openings converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member;
i) directing air from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings whereby the air flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member with the air jets being a primary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from the nozzle member; and j) directing gaseous fuel flow from the source of gaseous fuel whereby air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member and combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
a) providing a base structure;
b) providing a differential housing having a front open end and a rear end, the housing having a lengthwise axis which is aligned with the longitudinal center axis of the nozzle assembly, the housing comprising a circumferential side wall which extends around the longitudinal axis and defines a primary combustion chamber;
c) providing a nozzle member;
d) positioning the nozzle member at the rear and of the housing and centering the nozzle member on the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly;
e) providing the nozzle member with a front forwardly facing portion with a center through opening, the opening having a front end which faces from the nozzle member in a forward direction, the nozzle member being characterized in that be nozzle member has a generally frusto-conical exterior side surface which slopes inwardly and forwardly to terminate at the front end of the opening;
f) providing an annular air discharge structure defining an annular plenum chamber to receive pressurized air therein, the air discharge structure having a plurality of radially inwardly directed air jet openings positioned circumferentially around the nozzle member to direct air from the plenum through the air jet openings in a converging radially inward direction toward the nozzle member;
g) positioning the annular air discharge structure at the rear end of the housing;
h) positioning the nozzle member and the air discharge structure such that air jets discharged from the air jet openings converge at and impinge upon the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member;
i) directing air from the air discharge structure through the air jet openings whereby the air flows radially inwardly toward the nozzle member with the air jets being a primary source of combustion air for the fuel discharged from the nozzle member; and j) directing gaseous fuel flow from the source of gaseous fuel whereby air strikes the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle member and combines effectively with the gaseous fuel to mix the air with the gaseous fuel providing effective combustion.
8. The method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch as defined in claim 7 wherein the radially inwardly directed air jet openings are evenly spaced apart and positioned substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle assembly.
9. The method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch as defined in claim 8 wherein the air jet openings in the annular air discharge structure each have a front edge defining a transverse reference plane, and the front surface of the nozzle member at the center through opening of the nozzle member is positioned not more than 0.005 inch rearwardly nor more than 0.015 inch forwardly of the reference plane defined by the front edges of the air jet openings.
10. The method as defined in claim 9 wherein the front surface of the nozzle member is positioned not more than 0.002 inch rearwardly nor more than 0.007 inch forwardly of the reference plane of the front edges of the air jet openings.
11. The method of providing effective combustion in a hot air torch as defined in claim 7 further comprising the steps of:
k) providing an outer housing; and l) positioning the outer housing around the primary combustion chamber.
k) providing an outer housing; and l) positioning the outer housing around the primary combustion chamber.
12. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein said nozzle assembly is arranged so that a flow area positioned forwardly of the frusto-conical exterior side surface of the nozzle is substantially unrestricted to permit flow of the air jets to be deflected forwardly from the frusto-conical exterior side surface in a forward direction to flow substantially unobstructed into the combustion chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000578615A CA1309012C (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Nozzle assembly for hot air torch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000578615A CA1309012C (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Nozzle assembly for hot air torch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1309012C true CA1309012C (en) | 1992-10-20 |
Family
ID=4138797
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000578615A Expired - Lifetime CA1309012C (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Nozzle assembly for hot air torch |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1309012C (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-09-27 CA CA000578615A patent/CA1309012C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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