CA1307147C - Cone shaped fresnel reflector - Google Patents
Cone shaped fresnel reflectorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1307147C CA1307147C CA000558836A CA558836A CA1307147C CA 1307147 C CA1307147 C CA 1307147C CA 000558836 A CA000558836 A CA 000558836A CA 558836 A CA558836 A CA 558836A CA 1307147 C CA1307147 C CA 1307147C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- fresnel
- sheet
- cone
- type structures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/04—Optical design
- F21V7/09—Optical design with a combination of different curvatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/37—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
- F21S43/30—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors
- F21S43/33—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/002—Refractors for light sources using microoptical elements for redirecting or diffusing light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
- Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A Fresnel-type reflector having the physical shape of a cone. In a preferred embodiment, the reflector is made by forming a reflective coating on a structured surface of a thin flexible film and forming the film into the shape of a cone. The structures on the surface are designed to cause the reflector to imitate the optical properties of a parabolic reflector when the reflector of the invention is formed into the shape of a cone.
Description
4~
FN 4~07~ CAN 4A
CONE SI~P~D F~ESNEL ~EFLECTO~
The present invention relates to Fresnel-type reflectors and, in one aspect, to such reflectors having a selected geometric shape which increases light gathering efficiency.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In many applications a reflector having a particular cross section is desired. Such cross sections may be parabolic, spherical, ellipsoidal, or of other shapes depending upon the requirement of the application.
Parabolic reflectors are particularly commonly required.
That is because parabolic reflectors will provide a collimated beam of light from a point source.
In designing a light source utilizing a reflector, whether parabolic or of other shape, a focal length and aperture size must be selected. The choice of these two parameters then dictates the depth of the reflecting surface. A problem can arise when an application requires a reflector having a short focal length and a wide aperture. In order to obtain such a desired wide aperture with conventional reflectors, the reflector must be very deep, i.e., enclose a large volume.
This can create severe problems when space for the reflector is limited. ~n example of a situation where such a problem arises i~ in the design of reflectors for use in automobile taillights.
One solution to this problem is to utilize a Fresnel-type reflector. A Fresnel-type reflector is typically a flat surface having structures in the ~orm of straight or arcuate ridges and grooves which allow such a reflector to mimic the operation of a curved reflector.
The problem with using a flat Fresnel-type reflector is that such reflectors are inefficient compared with true , :
curved reflectors. This is because the curved reflec~or actually surrounds the light source and collects li~ht which is emitted in many directions, while a flat reflector, although mimicking the optical properties o~ the curved reflector, is only able to collect light which is emitted in the direction of the plane of the reflector.
Another alternative which has been used is to provide a modified curved reflector. In such a reflector a first portion of the re~lector will be curved ~o form a parabola havin~ a short focal length. A second portion of the reflector will be curved ~o ~orm a parabola of a longer focal length. The second portion includes a Fresnel struc~ure which causes the second portlon to mimic a parabolic reflector having the same focal length as the first portion of the reflector. This approach provides a reflector having a larger aperture than would be possible for the given focal length and depth of the reflector if a standard parabolic reflector were used. Reflectors of this type, however, still enclose an undesirably large volume.
SUMMARY OF THE INV~NTION
` According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a reflector apparatus comprising a reflector having a major surface, said major surface being reflective and having coaxial Fresnel-type structures thereon, said reflector being formed into the shape of a cone having a base.
In a specific embodiment, the reflector is produced on a thin sheet of flexible material or ~ilm. A wedge shaped portion of the sheet is removed and the remaining portion of the radial Fresnel is bent into a cone.
The conical reflector of the invention will have the properties of the type of reflector which the Fresnel s~ructure was designed to imitate, but will provide higher efficiency by collecting a larger portion of the light emitted by the light source. A reflector of this sort may be made to encompass much less volume than would be required by a smooth specular reflector having the shape that the Fresnel ~tructure is designed to imitate.
13~
. .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a prior art reflector;
: 2a `~ ~
' ' ~3~3'71~
Figure 2 is a plan view of a reflector corresponding to the present inventiont Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reflector according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention utilizing a modified support cone; and Figure 5 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the invention.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 illustrates a prior art approach to provide a re~lector having a short focal length and a wide aperture. The system of Figure l includes a light source 10 and a reflector 11, which is shown in cross section.
Reflector 11 includes a first portion 12 which is parabolic and has a focal length, typically, of approximately one inch. The reflector further includes a second portion 13 which is also parabolic in shape but has a longer focal length, typically about two inches. Portion 13 of reflector 11, however, includes a Fresnel structure which causes that portion of the reflector to have the same properties as a parabolic reflector having the focal length of portion 12 of reflector 11.
Figure 2 shows a Fresnel type reflector 20 having Fresnel structures, shown schematically as concentric rings 21, on one surface of a thin flexible substrate. In the preferred embodiment, one facet of each prismatic ring is designed to reflect light incident thereon from a predetermined source along a generally parallel path. The surface of reflector 20 having Fresnel structures 21 is silvered in a known manner to provide a reflecting surface.
In the preferred embodiment aluminum is vacuum deposited on the surface. A wedge-shaped portion of the sheet material 20 is removed leaving opening 22. Opening 22 has radial edges 23 and 24. A central aperture 25 is also left open.
~3~7~
In order to utilize re1ector 20 in the present invention edges 23 and 2~ are brought to~ether and reflector 20 is formed into a truncated cone. If desired, edges 23 and 24 may be bonded to one another. When such a cone is formed, Fresnel structures 21 become a series of coaxial ridges and grooves.
In the preferred embodiment Fresnel structures 21 are designed to mimic the characteristics of a parabolic reflector having a 2.5 cm focal length when the reflector is formed into a cone in which the sides form a 140 angle with one another. For use in automobile taillights, focal lengths of 1.25 cm to 3~75 cm are generally used, although nothing in the invention precludes the u~e of other focal lengths or even Fresnel structures which imitate the actions of reflectors with shapes other than parabolic.
Figure 3 shows Fresnel reflector 20 mounted on a rigid support 30 in the shape of a truncated cone. As shown Fresnel structures 21 are adjacent to support cone 30. Fresnel-type reflector 20 is bonded to support cone 30 by means of an adhesive which is inserted in the grooves produced by virtue of the Fresnel structures 21, such as groove 32. Clearly, to utiliæe the structure shown in Figure 3, the sheet material forming the reflector 20 must be transparent in order to allow light to reach the Fresnel structures 21. Nothing in the invention precludes positioning smooth surface 33 of Fresnel-type reflector 20 adjacent to support cone 30 and Fresnel structures 21 on the outer surface. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 is, however, preferred because the positioning of Fresnel structure 21 adjacent to support cone 30 allows smooth surface 33 to protect Fresnel structures 21 from physical damage.
Light source 34, in this case an incandescent light bulb, is inserted through the hole provided by aperture 25 of Figure 2. As may be seen from Figure 3, light emitted by light bulb 34 through a wide range of angles will be reflected by Fresnel-type reflector 20, providing a compact high eficiency lamp.
13C~
Dashed lines 35~ and 35B represent the parabolic reflector which would be e~uivalent to Fresnel-type reflector 20. The distance designated by length L
represents the depth saved by a reflector oE the current invention as compared with a conventional parabolic reflector having the same focal length and aperture. In the preferred embodiment the cone is 5 cm deep. A
comparable parabolic reflector which does not utilize Fresnel structures would require a depth of 10 cm to provide the same aperture. Thus, 5 cm, or half the depth of the parabolic reflector, are saved.
The discussion above assumes that the design goal of the reflector is to provide a reflector having a large aperture while occupying less volume than an equivalent parabolic reflector. In some circumstances the reflector's volume may be unimportant while a high light gathering efficiency is required. In such a situation a conic Fresnel-type reflector may be designed to have a greater depth than an equivalent smooth parabolic reflector. SUCh a reflector will have a greater light gathering efficiency than an equivalent reflector which does not utilize Fresnel structures.
Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment of Figure 4, light bulb 34 is held in aperture 25 by means of a housing 40.
Housing 40 includes a retainer clip 41. Retainer clip 41 extends over Fresnel-type reflector 20. Additionally support cone 30' includes a retainer 42 which extends beyond the end of Fresnel-type reflector 20. Using this structure Fresnel-type reflector 20 will be held in place without the requirement o~ the adhesive which was used in the embodiment of Figure 3 to bond Fresnel-type reflector 20 to support cone 30. Instead the natural tendency of the flexible substrate to pull towards a flat state will hold reflector 20 in place.
Figure 5 shows a Fresnel reflector 50 which could be used with an alternative embodiment of the invention.
In the embodiment with which reflector 50 would be used, ~3(~ 7 edges 53 and 54 are radial to the Fresnel-type structures and are provided to be ~oined as would edges 23 and 24 of Figure 2. Rather than the round perimeter as proYided for reflector 20 of Figure 2, reflector 50 has a perimeter consisting of sides 56, 57, 53 and 59. When edges 53 and 54 are joined reflector 50 may be placed into a support cone similar to support cone 30 of Figure 3 or support cone 30' of Figure q which has a square aperture, rather than a round one, with the corners of the sheet as illustrated in Figure 5 being disposed in a plane. Sides 56, 57, 58 and 59 will depart from that plane, but the projection of those sides in that plane will be square. Similarly other geometric shapes may be produced by appropriate design of the perimeter of the Fresnel-type reflector.
Having described the invention with reference to several embodiments, it is to be understood that other modifications can be made without departing from the invention as claimed.
: ' ., :
..
FN 4~07~ CAN 4A
CONE SI~P~D F~ESNEL ~EFLECTO~
The present invention relates to Fresnel-type reflectors and, in one aspect, to such reflectors having a selected geometric shape which increases light gathering efficiency.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In many applications a reflector having a particular cross section is desired. Such cross sections may be parabolic, spherical, ellipsoidal, or of other shapes depending upon the requirement of the application.
Parabolic reflectors are particularly commonly required.
That is because parabolic reflectors will provide a collimated beam of light from a point source.
In designing a light source utilizing a reflector, whether parabolic or of other shape, a focal length and aperture size must be selected. The choice of these two parameters then dictates the depth of the reflecting surface. A problem can arise when an application requires a reflector having a short focal length and a wide aperture. In order to obtain such a desired wide aperture with conventional reflectors, the reflector must be very deep, i.e., enclose a large volume.
This can create severe problems when space for the reflector is limited. ~n example of a situation where such a problem arises i~ in the design of reflectors for use in automobile taillights.
One solution to this problem is to utilize a Fresnel-type reflector. A Fresnel-type reflector is typically a flat surface having structures in the ~orm of straight or arcuate ridges and grooves which allow such a reflector to mimic the operation of a curved reflector.
The problem with using a flat Fresnel-type reflector is that such reflectors are inefficient compared with true , :
curved reflectors. This is because the curved reflec~or actually surrounds the light source and collects li~ht which is emitted in many directions, while a flat reflector, although mimicking the optical properties o~ the curved reflector, is only able to collect light which is emitted in the direction of the plane of the reflector.
Another alternative which has been used is to provide a modified curved reflector. In such a reflector a first portion of the re~lector will be curved ~o form a parabola havin~ a short focal length. A second portion of the reflector will be curved ~o ~orm a parabola of a longer focal length. The second portion includes a Fresnel struc~ure which causes the second portlon to mimic a parabolic reflector having the same focal length as the first portion of the reflector. This approach provides a reflector having a larger aperture than would be possible for the given focal length and depth of the reflector if a standard parabolic reflector were used. Reflectors of this type, however, still enclose an undesirably large volume.
SUMMARY OF THE INV~NTION
` According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a reflector apparatus comprising a reflector having a major surface, said major surface being reflective and having coaxial Fresnel-type structures thereon, said reflector being formed into the shape of a cone having a base.
In a specific embodiment, the reflector is produced on a thin sheet of flexible material or ~ilm. A wedge shaped portion of the sheet is removed and the remaining portion of the radial Fresnel is bent into a cone.
The conical reflector of the invention will have the properties of the type of reflector which the Fresnel s~ructure was designed to imitate, but will provide higher efficiency by collecting a larger portion of the light emitted by the light source. A reflector of this sort may be made to encompass much less volume than would be required by a smooth specular reflector having the shape that the Fresnel ~tructure is designed to imitate.
13~
. .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a prior art reflector;
: 2a `~ ~
' ' ~3~3'71~
Figure 2 is a plan view of a reflector corresponding to the present inventiont Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a reflector according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention utilizing a modified support cone; and Figure 5 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the invention.
DETAIL~D DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 illustrates a prior art approach to provide a re~lector having a short focal length and a wide aperture. The system of Figure l includes a light source 10 and a reflector 11, which is shown in cross section.
Reflector 11 includes a first portion 12 which is parabolic and has a focal length, typically, of approximately one inch. The reflector further includes a second portion 13 which is also parabolic in shape but has a longer focal length, typically about two inches. Portion 13 of reflector 11, however, includes a Fresnel structure which causes that portion of the reflector to have the same properties as a parabolic reflector having the focal length of portion 12 of reflector 11.
Figure 2 shows a Fresnel type reflector 20 having Fresnel structures, shown schematically as concentric rings 21, on one surface of a thin flexible substrate. In the preferred embodiment, one facet of each prismatic ring is designed to reflect light incident thereon from a predetermined source along a generally parallel path. The surface of reflector 20 having Fresnel structures 21 is silvered in a known manner to provide a reflecting surface.
In the preferred embodiment aluminum is vacuum deposited on the surface. A wedge-shaped portion of the sheet material 20 is removed leaving opening 22. Opening 22 has radial edges 23 and 24. A central aperture 25 is also left open.
~3~7~
In order to utilize re1ector 20 in the present invention edges 23 and 2~ are brought to~ether and reflector 20 is formed into a truncated cone. If desired, edges 23 and 24 may be bonded to one another. When such a cone is formed, Fresnel structures 21 become a series of coaxial ridges and grooves.
In the preferred embodiment Fresnel structures 21 are designed to mimic the characteristics of a parabolic reflector having a 2.5 cm focal length when the reflector is formed into a cone in which the sides form a 140 angle with one another. For use in automobile taillights, focal lengths of 1.25 cm to 3~75 cm are generally used, although nothing in the invention precludes the u~e of other focal lengths or even Fresnel structures which imitate the actions of reflectors with shapes other than parabolic.
Figure 3 shows Fresnel reflector 20 mounted on a rigid support 30 in the shape of a truncated cone. As shown Fresnel structures 21 are adjacent to support cone 30. Fresnel-type reflector 20 is bonded to support cone 30 by means of an adhesive which is inserted in the grooves produced by virtue of the Fresnel structures 21, such as groove 32. Clearly, to utiliæe the structure shown in Figure 3, the sheet material forming the reflector 20 must be transparent in order to allow light to reach the Fresnel structures 21. Nothing in the invention precludes positioning smooth surface 33 of Fresnel-type reflector 20 adjacent to support cone 30 and Fresnel structures 21 on the outer surface. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 is, however, preferred because the positioning of Fresnel structure 21 adjacent to support cone 30 allows smooth surface 33 to protect Fresnel structures 21 from physical damage.
Light source 34, in this case an incandescent light bulb, is inserted through the hole provided by aperture 25 of Figure 2. As may be seen from Figure 3, light emitted by light bulb 34 through a wide range of angles will be reflected by Fresnel-type reflector 20, providing a compact high eficiency lamp.
13C~
Dashed lines 35~ and 35B represent the parabolic reflector which would be e~uivalent to Fresnel-type reflector 20. The distance designated by length L
represents the depth saved by a reflector oE the current invention as compared with a conventional parabolic reflector having the same focal length and aperture. In the preferred embodiment the cone is 5 cm deep. A
comparable parabolic reflector which does not utilize Fresnel structures would require a depth of 10 cm to provide the same aperture. Thus, 5 cm, or half the depth of the parabolic reflector, are saved.
The discussion above assumes that the design goal of the reflector is to provide a reflector having a large aperture while occupying less volume than an equivalent parabolic reflector. In some circumstances the reflector's volume may be unimportant while a high light gathering efficiency is required. In such a situation a conic Fresnel-type reflector may be designed to have a greater depth than an equivalent smooth parabolic reflector. SUCh a reflector will have a greater light gathering efficiency than an equivalent reflector which does not utilize Fresnel structures.
Figure 4 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment of Figure 4, light bulb 34 is held in aperture 25 by means of a housing 40.
Housing 40 includes a retainer clip 41. Retainer clip 41 extends over Fresnel-type reflector 20. Additionally support cone 30' includes a retainer 42 which extends beyond the end of Fresnel-type reflector 20. Using this structure Fresnel-type reflector 20 will be held in place without the requirement o~ the adhesive which was used in the embodiment of Figure 3 to bond Fresnel-type reflector 20 to support cone 30. Instead the natural tendency of the flexible substrate to pull towards a flat state will hold reflector 20 in place.
Figure 5 shows a Fresnel reflector 50 which could be used with an alternative embodiment of the invention.
In the embodiment with which reflector 50 would be used, ~3(~ 7 edges 53 and 54 are radial to the Fresnel-type structures and are provided to be ~oined as would edges 23 and 24 of Figure 2. Rather than the round perimeter as proYided for reflector 20 of Figure 2, reflector 50 has a perimeter consisting of sides 56, 57, 53 and 59. When edges 53 and 54 are joined reflector 50 may be placed into a support cone similar to support cone 30 of Figure 3 or support cone 30' of Figure q which has a square aperture, rather than a round one, with the corners of the sheet as illustrated in Figure 5 being disposed in a plane. Sides 56, 57, 58 and 59 will depart from that plane, but the projection of those sides in that plane will be square. Similarly other geometric shapes may be produced by appropriate design of the perimeter of the Fresnel-type reflector.
Having described the invention with reference to several embodiments, it is to be understood that other modifications can be made without departing from the invention as claimed.
: ' ., :
..
Claims (32)
1. A reflector apparatus comprising a reflector having a major surface, said major surface being reflective and having coaxial Fresnel-type structures thereon, said reflector being formed into the shape of a cone having a base.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said base is circular.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said base is rectangular.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said Fresnel-type structures are disposed in parallel planes and one facet of each structure causes said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reflector is made of a flexible material.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising conical support means for supporting said reflector.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said reflector is bonded to said conical support means by an adhesive.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said conical support means comprises retaining means for holding said reflector.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reflector is made of an optically transparent material and said major surface is coated with a reflecting material.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said reflector is made of a flexible material.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising conical support means for supporting said reflector.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein said reflector is bonded to said conical support means by an adhesive.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said conical support means comprises retaining means for holding said reflector.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said reflector to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
24. A thin sheet of a flexible material having a major surface, said major surface being reflective and having concentric, Fresnel-type structures thereon, said sheet having a periphery which includes first and second edges radial to said Fresnel-type structures such that, when said edges are brought together, the sheet is formed into the shape of a cone having a base.
25. The sheet of claim 24 wherein said base is round.
26. The sheet of claim 24 wherein said base is square.
27. The sheet of claim 24 wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said sheet to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector when said radial edges are brought together.
28. The sheet of claim 24 wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
29. The sheet of claim 28 wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said sheet to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector when said radial edges are brought together.
30. The sheet of claim 24 wherein said sheet is optically transparent and said major surface is coated with a reflecting material.
31. The sheet of claim 30 wherein said cone is a truncated cone.
32. The sheet of claim 31 wherein said Fresnel-type structures cause said sheet to have the optical properties of a parabolic reflector when said radial edges are brought together.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/016,858 US4789921A (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1987-02-20 | Cone shaped Fresnel reflector |
| US016,858 | 1987-02-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1307147C true CA1307147C (en) | 1992-09-08 |
Family
ID=21779379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000558836A Expired - Lifetime CA1307147C (en) | 1987-02-20 | 1988-02-12 | Cone shaped fresnel reflector |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4789921A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0279650A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS63248004A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR880010277A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1307147C (en) |
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| US8881051B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2014-11-04 | Primesense Ltd | Zoom-based gesture user interface |
| US9030498B2 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2015-05-12 | Apple Inc. | Combining explicit select gestures and timeclick in a non-tactile three dimensional user interface |
| US9122311B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2015-09-01 | Apple Inc. | Visual feedback for tactile and non-tactile user interfaces |
| US9218063B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 2015-12-22 | Apple Inc. | Sessionless pointing user interface |
| US9229534B2 (en) | 2012-02-28 | 2016-01-05 | Apple Inc. | Asymmetric mapping for tactile and non-tactile user interfaces |
| KR101620777B1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-05-12 | 애플 인크. | Enhanced virtual touchpad and touchscreen |
| EP3311655A1 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2018-04-25 | Fujitsu Limited | Plant cultivation apparatus |
| US10151445B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-12-11 | The Boeing Company | Light assembly having light homogenizer |
| JP7002698B2 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2022-02-21 | シグニファイ ホールディング ビー ヴィ | Reflectors, and starting sheet materials for forming reflectors |
| EP3677830A1 (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-07-08 | odelo GmbH | Vehicle light and method for generating a minimum illuminated area in a light function for a vehicle light |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH132363A (en) * | 1928-01-17 | 1929-04-15 | Tauxe Alphonse | Reflective device. |
| US1976163A (en) * | 1930-11-21 | 1934-10-09 | Holophane Co Inc | Luminair |
| GB462813A (en) * | 1936-10-01 | 1937-03-16 | Joseph Charles Hawkins | An improved electric light reflector |
| FR62170E (en) * | 1951-11-26 | 1955-06-10 | Advanced reflector for electric lamps with bayonet base | |
| GB1011778A (en) * | 1961-09-25 | 1965-12-01 | W J Ruscoe Company | Light reflector or the like |
| US3523721A (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1970-08-11 | Zeiss Jena Veb Carl | Spherically corrected fresnel lenses and mirrors with partial field correction |
| GB1300540A (en) * | 1970-06-02 | 1972-12-20 | Combined Optical Ind Ltd | Vehicle rear-view mirrors |
| GB1365893A (en) * | 1971-01-13 | 1974-09-04 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Vehicle lamps |
| US4081667A (en) * | 1976-07-28 | 1978-03-28 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Lighting fixture having fresnel reflector with high reflection coating thereon |
| US4350412A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1982-09-21 | Georgia Tech Research Institute | Fresnel spiral reflector and method for making same |
| US4418379A (en) * | 1981-09-08 | 1983-11-29 | Marsh Melvin J De | Halide and like light reflector and socket assembly for greenhouse and like use |
-
1987
- 1987-02-20 US US07/016,858 patent/US4789921A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-02-12 CA CA000558836A patent/CA1307147C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-17 EP EP88301327A patent/EP0279650A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-02-19 KR KR1019880001748A patent/KR880010277A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-02-19 JP JP63037301A patent/JPS63248004A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0279650A3 (en) | 1990-01-03 |
| KR880010277A (en) | 1988-10-07 |
| EP0279650A2 (en) | 1988-08-24 |
| JPS63248004A (en) | 1988-10-14 |
| US4789921A (en) | 1988-12-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20040908 |