CA1306399C - Control valve for a fluid treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

Control Valve For a Fluid Treatment System Abstract of the Disclosure A method and apparatus for controlling a fluid treatment apparatus that includes a resin tank contain-ing an ion exchange media. A control valve controls the regeneration cycle and includes a regeneration control turbine operatively connected to a regeneration control disk forming part of a servo system. During regenera-tion, a meter flow of fluid emitted by a regeneration control nozzle produces rotation in the turbine to effect a regeneration sequence. Regeneration is initiated by a regeneration initiating nozzle which emits a stream of fluid at the turbine for a predeter-mined time interval in order to initiate a regeneration cycle. A control system includes a sensor for monitor-ing the fluid quality level of the source fluid or the treated fluid and communicates pressurized fluid to the regeneration initiating nozzle upon sensing a predeter-mined quality level.

Description

Control Valve for a 10-934 Fluid Treatment_System Technical Field The present invention relates generally to fluid treatment and in particular to an improved control valve for controlling a fluid treatment apparatus.
Backqround Art U.S. Patent No. 4,298,025, which is owned by the present assignee, discloses a control valve for use in water softeners having two resin tanks. One of the resin tanks is normally on-line while the other tank is regenerated and placed in a standby condition until the first tank requires regeneration. The disclosed control valve controls which of the tanks is on-line and controls the regeneration sequence of an exhausted tank.
The quantity o~ water treated by a given tank, is monitored by a mechanism that includes a water usage turbine driven by water entering the on-line resin tank.
When a predetermined quantity of water is treated, which produces to a predetermined number of revolutions in the turbine, a regeneration sequence is initiated which places the standby tank on-line and isolates the exhausted tank.
A second turbine, operatively connected to a regeneration sequence control element ~in the form of a disk) is rotated by a stream of water that is activated at the beginnin~ of the regeneration cycle. The stream of water physically drives the regeneration control disk (via the turbine and associated drive train) through its sequence. With the disclosed arrangement, the frequency of regeneration of the water softener system is determined by the usage turbine which directly measures the quantity of fluid treated by a given tank.

In Patent No. 4,427,54g which is also owned by the present assignee, a deionization method and apparatus is disclosed. The disclosed apparatus includes a control valve similar to the control valve disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,298,025 in that it includes a usage turbine ~or monitoring the amount of source water treated by a given tank and a regeneration control turbine for driving a control element through a regeneration sequence.
In U.S. Patent No. 4,863,612, issued September 5, 1989, under the title Apparatus and Method for Recover-ing Materials from Process Baths, a method and apparatus for re~overing a metal such as nickel from a plating bath is disclosed. A control valve similar in function to the control valve disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,298,025 and U.S. Patent No. 4,427,549 can be used to control an apparatus embodying the invention of U.S.
Patent No. 4,863,612, if a pair of resin tanks are employed, one of which is on-line, the other of which is regenerated and held off-line.
In all three of the above described fluid treatment and related applications, the regeneration frequency is determined by a quantity of fluid treated by the system.
In selecting the frequency (i.e., the quantity of fluid to be treated before regeneration is necessary), it is assumed that the characteristics of the fluid to be treated remain fairly constant. In case of a water softener system, it is assumed that the water to be softened contains a fairly constant concentration of minerals to be removed. In the case of a deionization system, it is assumed that the incoming fluid has a fairly constant concentration of cations and anions. In the case of a metal recovery system, it is assumed that ~he fluid being processed has a fairly constant concentration of the metal to be recovered.

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~ 6~l3 As a practical matter, however, in some applica-tions the characteristics of the incoming fluid vary.
As a result, the frequency of regeneration, as deter-mined by the water usage turbine, may be excessive resulting in the waste of regeneration chemicals, or may occur at insuf~icient intervals which cause the quality of the output fluid to degrade.
Disclosure of Invention The present invention provides a new and improved method and apparatus for controlling a fluid treatment process which includes the use of a pair of resin tanks, one of which is on-line while the other is regenerated and held in a standby condition. A control valve is disclosed which includes a mechanism for externally initiating a regeneration sequence independent of the quantity of fluid treated by the system.
According to the invention, the control valve includes valving for controlling the fluid communication between a pair of resin tanks and a source of fluid to be treated as well as the intercommunication between the tanks. The control valve also controls the regeneration process for an exhausted resin tank. The disclosed valve includes features that are similar to those forming part of the control valves described in U.S.
Patent No. 4,298,025 and U.S. Patent No. 4,427,549.
In the disclosed and preferred em~odiment of the invention, the control valve includes a regeneration control turbine which drivingly engages a regeneration control disk that in turn sequences an exhausted resin tank through a regeneration cycle. In the control valve disclosed in the above identified patents, a water usage turbine, drivingly connected to a water usage control disk, is used to initiate movement in the regeneration control disk. A small initial movement in the regenera-`~, 1.3~ 36~

tion control disk, e~fected by the water usage disk, activates a metered flow of ~reated fluid directed against the regeneration control turbine. This metered flow of fluid continues to drive the regeneration control disk through its predetermined range of movement to effect the regeneration sequence.
In the present invention, a regeneration initiating nozzle, connected to a sourca o~ fluid, is disposed in a regeneration turbine chamber and is positioned to direct a fluid stream at the turbine. An actuating device controls the communication of fluid to this nozzle. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, a control circuit including a sensor and fluid valve are used to control the communication of fluid to the nozzle.
When used in a water so~tening apparatus, a sensor monitors the quality of water leaving the water softener and when a quality level below a predetermined minimum is sensed by the sensor, a valve is actuated which communicates fluid under pressure to the nozzle. The fluid stream emitted by the nozzle rotates the regenera-tion control turbine to effect initial movement in the regeneration control disk. As explained above, once the control disk has moved a predetermined distance, a metered ~low of ~luid is directed against the regenera-tion control turbine by a regeneration control nozzleand hence the regeneration control sequence proceeds to completion.
Nith the present invention, the regeneration of an exhausted resin tank can be controlled directly by a sensor and associated control circuit which directly monitors the quality of fluid leaving the treatment apparatus. In addition, the control valve may retain the water usage monltoring turbine and associated mechanism so that regeneration o~ an exhausted tank may proceed at predetermined intervals dependent on the quantity of fluid treated by the system and, in addition, have a regeneration cycle occur at shorter intervals should the characteristics of the incoming fluid change such that the resin is exhausted be~ore the predetermined quantity of fluid is treated.
A fuller understanding will be obtained and additional features of the invention will become apparent in reading the following detailed description made in connection with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a water softener employing a control valve o~ the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the control valve with portions broken away to show interior detail;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve as sean from the plane indicated by the line 3-3 in Figure 2:
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the control valve as seen from the plane indicated by the line 4-4 in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a schematic view depicting selected parts of the valve of Figure 2 which form the servo control system; and, Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of a portion of a deionization apparatus including a control valve embodying the present invention.

BEST MQDE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to Fig. 1, a water softener 10 includes a pair of softener tanks 8, 9 positioned upright in an open-top brine tank 11. A valve assembly 12 is supported atop the tanks 1, 2. The valve assembly 12 is operative, as will be explained, to selectively maintain one of the tanks 8, 9 on-line with a household water supply system. The off-line tank is subjected to a regeneration cycle and then held off-line until the on-line tank is exhausted. The valve assembly 12 controls the regeneration process.
Referring also to Fig. 2, four conduits communicate with the valve assembly 12. Hard water is delivered to tha valve assembly 12 through an inlet conduit 13.
Softened water is discharged ~rom the valve assembly 12 through an outlet conduit 14. Brine from the brine tank 11 is admitted to the valve assembly 12 through a brine conduit 15. Waste water from the regeneration cycle is discharged from the valve assembly through a drain conduit 16.
The softener tanks 8, 9 are of known configuration and utilize common water softening chemicals. The tanks 8, 9 typically include cylinders 21, 22 of glass fiber construction which may be about 7 inches in diameter and 35 inches in length. The upper ends of the cylinders 21, 22 are threaded with female 2 1/2 inch NPT threads - for connection to the valve assembly 12. Riser pipes 23, 24 depend centrally through the cylinders 21, 22. A
pair of screens 25, 26 communicate with the lower ends of the riser pipes, 23, 24. Suitable ion-exchange softening chemicals, indicated by the numerals 27, 28, are positioned in the cylinders 21, 22 surrounding the riser pipes 23, 24 and the screens 25, 26.
The water softening process takes place as water passes through the tanks 8, 9. Hard water is channeled into the cylinders 21, 22 and is softened during its passage downwardly through the chemicals 27, 28.
Softened water enters the riser pipes 23, 24 through the screens 25, 26 and is directed back out of the cylinders 21, 22.

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The brine supply system is of known configurationand may utilize common ion replacement salts to regenerate the softening chemicals 27, 28.
A screen 31 extends horizontally in the brine tank 11 in regions around the softener tanks 1, 2 and around the brine well 30. The screen 31 is positioned about six inches up the wall of the brine tank 11. Granular salt material 32 is deposited in the brine tank 11 and rests atop the screen 31.
A brine control valve 33 of known configuration is positioned in the brine well 30. The valve 33 includes a pipe 34 which is connected at its upper end to the brine conduit 15. The lower end of the pipe 34 communi-cates with a valve assembly 35 which serves the dual functions of admitting a regulated amount of brine solution from the brine well 30 to the pipe 34 when the water softener establishes a suction in the brine conduit 15, and of admitting a regulated amount of softened water to the brine well 30 from the pipe 34 when the brine conduit 15 is connected to a source of pressurized softened water.
The valve assembly 12 includes a stacked array of four disc-like members 41, 42, 43, 44 interposed between a base member 39 and a top member 40. Threaded fasteners 45 extend through aligned holes in the top and disc members 40-44 and are received in threaded holes formed in the base member 39 to clamp the members 39-44 together. A cover assembly 46 overlies portions of the top member 40 and is held in place by threaded fasteners 47.
A tank connector 50 is provided to the right of the base member 39 as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2. Threaded depending necks 51, 52 are formed on the base member 39 and on the tank connector 50 for connection with the softener tanks 8, 9. A pair of conduits 53, 54 ~ 3~

establish communication between the base member 39 and the tank connector 50. Hard water is delivered from the base member 39 thrcugh the conduit 53 and through the tank connector 50 to the softener tank 9. Softened water from tank 9 is returned through the tank connector 50 and through the conduit 54 to the base member 39.
Except for the disc member 40 and its associatad components, the construction and operation of the remaining portions of the valve assembly 12 are substantially identical to that disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,891,552. By way of summary, the stacked members 41, 42, 43, 44 and base member 39, together house a plurality of servo valves which control the communica-tion of the tanks 8, 9 with the brine solution in the tank 11 and with the inlet and outlet conduits 13, 14.
Movement in the servo valves is achieved by the selective application of pilot pressures to piston chambers associated with each servo valve. The communi¢ation of these pilot pressures to the piston chambers is determined by a servo control mechanism housed in the member 40 that is constructed in accor-dance with the present invention.
Referring also to Figs. 3, 4 and 5, the servo control mechanism is located in an enclosed chamber 56 defined by a recess 58 in the top member 40 and the cover assembly 46 which overlies the recess. The servo control mechanism includes a pair of concentrically positioned discs 60, 62, each disc having perimetrically disposed ratchet teeth 60a, 62a, respectively. An upwardly extending stub shaft 64 defines an axis of rotation for the discs. The lower disc 62 is journaled on the shaft 64 and includes a hub 66 (shown in Figures 3 and 5) which rotatably supports the upper disc 60.
The upper disc 60 was designated as a water usage monitor disc in the control valves disclosed in the _ . ~ ., . .
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above identified patents and its movement was a ~unction of the amount of softened water discharged by th~ water control valve assembly 12 through the outle~ 14. In the present invention, the water usage disc 60 may be retained if a regeneration frequency based on the quantity of fluid treated is desired in addition to "on demand" and/or fluid quality related regeneration provided by the present invention. The lower disc 62 is a regeneration control disc and its movement controls lo the regeneration sequence ~or an exhausted softener tank.
As explained in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No.
3,891,552, the regeneration control disc 62 rotates in confronting contact with a disc-like, non-rotatable insert 70, positioned in he ~ottom of the recess 58.
The insert includes a plurality of ports which communi-cate with piston chambers that operate the servo valves through pilot pressure passages integrally formed in the various members of the control valve assembly 12. As seen in Fig. 5, two sets of ports are provided and are located symmetrically about an imaginary diametral line 71. The ports to the left of the line 71 control the regeneration of the tank 8, whereas the ports to the right of the line 71 control the regeneration sequence for the tank 9. It should be apparent, that during a regeneration cycle, the lower disc 62 rotates 180 degrees to effect a complete regeneration cycle of one of the tanks. It should be noted, that the location of the ports and their function, as shown in Fig. 3 correspond to the ports shown and described in U.S. Pat.
No . 3, 891, 552. Alternate port positions and disk configurations are contemplated by the present inven-tion.
Referring to Fig. 3, the regeneration control disc 62 includes a depending projection 72, and a depending h~
~ \

wall 74 that divide~ the undersurface of the disc into a pressurized region and a drain region. Softened water at supply pressure is admitted into the chamber 56 through a water inlet aperture 76. Because the lower sur~aces of the projection 72 and the depending wall 74 are slightly lower than the undersurface of the rim of the lower wheel, water can flow into and pressuriæe the pressurized region. The wall 74 sealingly engages the insert 70 and isolakes the drain region from the pressurized region. The drain region is maintained at an ambient drain pressure by drain ports located near the stub shaft 64 which communicate with a drain conduit 16 through integrally formed flow passages in the control valve assembly 12.
In the preferred embodiment, the water usage and regeneration control discs 60, 62 are incrementally rotated by an indexing arrangement in the form of ratchet drives 78, 80. The ratchet drive 78 comprises a pair of pawls 82, 83 journaled and co-driven by an eccentric shaft 84. The upper end 84a of the shaft 84 is located by a bore 86 in the top cover assembly 46 (see Fig. 3). A spring 88 acting between a side wall 58a of the recess 58 urges the pawls 82, 83 towards the peripheral ratchet teeth 60a, 62a of the water usage and regeneration control discs 60, 62, respectively. A
fixed, resiliently biased pawl 94 also engages the ratchet teeth of the upper disc 60 and prevents reverse rotation.
The ratchet drive 80 comprises a pawl 96 journaled an driven by an eccentric shaft 98 and urged toward engagement with the regeneration control disc 62 by a spring 99 acting between the side wall 58a and the pawl 96. A spacer bushing 97 maintains the pawl 96 in the lower most position on the shaft 98 as shown.
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Referring to Figs. 2, 3 and 5, the eccentric shafts 84, 98 which upon rotation produce the necessary reciprocating motion in the ra~chet drives 78, 80 are coupled to regeneration initiating and regeneration control turbines 110, 112 by reduction gear trains, indicated generally by the reference characters 114, 116, respectively. The water usage turbine 110 (if used) and associated gear train are located in an outl~t chamber 118 defined by the top member 40 and the upper disc member 41 that communicates with the outlet conduit 14. Softened water is delivered to the outlet chamber 118 from a softened water collection chamber 120 by way of a channel 122. The flow of softened water to the collection chamber 120 from the softener tanks 8, 9 is controlled by servo valves housed in the lower portions of the control valve assembly 12 and described ~ully in the above referenced patent. The channel 122 directs softened water from the collection chamber 120 to the turbine blades 110 and thus any softened water dis-charged through the control valve causes attendant rotation in the water usage turbine.
The water usage turbine 110 is rotatably supported by a downwardly extending shaft 124 and includes an integrally formed pinion gear 126 that drives a first reduction gear 128. A plurality of cascading reduction gears are journaled on spaced shafts 130, 132. A final reduction gear 134 mates with an input gear 13~ fixed to the end of the eccentric shaft 84.
The regeneration control turbine 112 and associated gear train is located in an overflow chamber 138 defined by the top member 40 and the upper disc member 41.
During a regeneration cycle, a controlled flow of softened water is discharged through a regeneration control nozzle 14Q located in close proximity to the regeneration turbine 112 so that the discharged fluid 39~g impinges on the turbine blades to cause rotation in the turbine 112. The fluid leaving the turbine blades leaves the overflow chamber through a port 142 that communicates with the drain conduit 16.
The incoming hard water is delivered to an inlet chamber 144 through the inlet conduit 13. The inlet chamber 144 is defined in part by the top member 40.
The communication of the incoming hard water to one or both of the tanks 8, 9 is controlled hy inlet valves described and discussPd in the above referenced patent.
The regeneration control turbine 112 includes an integrally formed pinion gear 146 that drives a first reduction gear 148. A similar cascading gear train is in turn driven by the first reduction gear 148. A
final reduction gear 150 mates with an input gear 152 fixad to the end of the eccentric shaft 98 that journals the pawl 96. Thus, rotation of the regeneration turbine during a regeneration cycle is translated to reciproc-ating motion in the pawl 96 which in turn causes incremental movement in the regeneration control disc.
62.
A reg~neration cycle is initiated whenever one of the control valve ports (shown in Fig. 5), located in the insert 70 is uncovered by the projection 72 and thus exposed to softened water in the pressurized region.
The communication of pressurized softened water to the control valve ports opens a control valve which in turn connects a source of softened water to the regeneration drive nozzle 140. A regeneration cycle continues until the control valve port is again covered and isolated from the soft water pressure in the servo chamber 56, thus closing the control valve and terminating the flow from the nozzle 140.
Because the ratchet drive 96 is operative only when the nozzle 140 is discharging fluid, the regeneration 1~9~

control disc 62 must be moved initially by the ratchet drive 78 to begin the regeneration cycle. In the prior patents identi~ied above, this initial movement was achieved by the lower pawl 83 in conjunction with the water usage disc 60. By way of summary and as seen in Figure 5, the water usage disc 60 includes a discon-tinuous axially depending flange 150 located near the periphery of the disc, just below the ratchet teeth.
The surface o~ the flange 150 is interrupted periodical-ly by slots 152 which are preferably equally spaced around the circumference of the flange. The lower pawl 83 of the ratchet drive 78 includes a camming prong 154 which extends beyond the tip of the pawl. The prong 154 is located in the same plane as the slotted flange 150 of the water usage disc 60. When riding against the outer surface o~ the flange, the prong 154 displaces the pawl away from the ratchet teeth of the regeneration control disc 62. When the prong 154 drops into one of the slots 152 in the ~lange (shown in Figure 5), it allows the pawl to engage the ratchet teeth of the regeneration control disc and thus rotation of the shaft 84 causes concurrent movement in the water usage and regeneration control discs 60, 62. The initial movement e~ected in the regeneration control disc by the ratchet drive 82 rotates the disc 62 sufficiently to cause the projection 72 to uncover one o~ the control ports, thus initiating a regenerating cycle. Once a control port is opened, the fluid discharged by the nozzle 140 will operate the ratchet drive 80 to continue movement in the regeneration control disc. The regeneration cycle is terminated when the control disc 62 rotates to a position where the control valve ports are again closed.
Because a regenerakion cycle is initiated whenever the prong 154 becomes aligned with a slot 152 in the water usage disc 60, the frequency of regenerating in the prior valves was determined by the frequency or spacing of the slots in the flange 150. Generally, a water usage disc having an appropriate number of slots were selected at installation in accordance with the hardness of the water at the installation site.
Although the ~requency of regeneration can be modified or changed at any time by the replacement of the water usage disc 60, once replaced, the frequency of regenera-tion was fixed until the disc was again changed irrespective of the quality of fluid being delivered by the system.
According to the invention, regeneration of a resin tank can be initiated at any time, independent of the quantity of water treated as measured by the water usage disk 60 and associated water usage turbine 110. In ~act with the present invention, ~he water usage monitoring function provided by the water usage turbine 110 can be eliminated. Referring in particular to Figure 4, a regeneration initiation nozzle 160 is disposed in the overflow chamber 138 and is positioned such that a stream of fluid emitted by the nozzle 160 impinges on the regeneration control turbine 112 imparting rotation to it. The regeneration initiation nozzle 160 extends through a wall 162 of the control valve and includes a fitting 160a which is connectable to an external regeneration control, shown schematically in Figure 4 and indicated generally by the re~erence character 164.
To initiate regeneration, the nozzle 160 emits the fluid stream to drive the turbine 112 for relatively short time interval. Once initiated, the regeneration control nozzle 140 continues to drive the regeneration control turbine 112 until the regeneration cycle is completed. As axplained above, fluid is communicated to the nozzle 140 when the regeneration control disk 62 is ~:3~ t-~

rotated a sufficient distance so that the depending projeckion 72 (shown in Figure 5) moves a sufficient distance to uncover one of the control ports. In short, the regeneration initiation nozzle 160 is only activated long enough to produce the necessary rotation in the regeneration control disk 62 to uncover one of the control ports.
The control system for controlling the communica-tion of pressurized fluid to the nozzle 160 can take various forms. In Figure 4, a sensor 166 monitors the quality of softened water exiting the water softener through the outlet conduit 14. Upon sensing a predeter-mined fall off in quality of softened water (or the presence of an excessive level of "'hard ions", which normally is an indication that the resin bed is exhausted), a source of fluid pressure, preferably softened water, is communicated to the regeneration initiation nozzle 160 ~or predetermined amount of time in order to cause an incremental rotation in the regeneration control disk 62 i. e. a sufficient amount of rotation to cause the depending projection 72 to uncover one of the control ports. Once the regeneration cycle is initiated by this initial movement, the communication of pressurized fluid to the initiation nozzle 160 can be terminated because the necessary drive force for rotating the regeneration control turbine 112 is provided by the regeneration control nozzle 140.
Alternate control systems for the regeneration initiating nozzle 160 can be employed. The sensor 166 can also be replaced by a fixed timer which would periodically communicate pressurized fluid to the initiation nozzle 160. A manual initiation may also be provided which would allow the user to manually communicate pressurized fluid to the nozzle as by a push button valve or other operator actuated device. In ~ 3~

these latter forms of control, the source of pressurized fluid for the regeneration initiation nozzle 160 may also be the softened water discharged by the outlet conduit 14.
As indicated above, the water usage turbine can be eliminated with the present invention if the user /operator wants to rely solely on the external control system 164 to initiate regeneration of an exhausted tank.
lo According to the invention, if the usage turbine 110 is eliminated, the channel 122 (shown in Figure 4 can also be eliminated. As should be apparent, the channel acts as a restriction to the flow of water passing through the tank since all hard water entering the tank for treatment must pass through the channel 122. The elimination of this element enables a given tank to process water at a much higher flow rate.
Figure 6 schematically illustrates the construction of an anion section of a deionization apparatus disclosed and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 4,427,549 which is owned by the assignee of the present application.
The control valve of the present invention is adaptable to a deionization system and, in particular may be used as the cation and/or the anion control valve assembly for the system. The components forming part of an anion control valve assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention are surrounded by the dash line, designated by the reference character 12'. The construction of the anion control valve assembly 12' is similar to the construction of the water softener control valve assembly 12 described above and shown in Figures 1-5.
The control valve assembly 12' controls the intercommunication between anion resin tanks 168a, 168b, ~. -t~

the communication between these tanks and a transfer conduit 169, and the regeneration of an exhausted tank.
The valve assembly 12' includes a plurality o~
water pressure operated valves, the opening and closing of which are controlled by a fluid signal control system. Whether the tanks 168a, 16~b are on-line or off-line is determined by a pair of inlet valves 170, 172 disposed in an inlet chamber 174 and a pair o~
outlet valves 176, 178 disposed in an outlet chamber 180. The transfar conduit 169 fluidly communicates with the inlet chamber 174. The inlet valves 170, 172 control the communication between the inlet chamber 174 and respective tank inlet passages 182, 184. Opening the valves 170, 172 allows decationized water in the transfer conduit 169 to proceed into the tanks 168a, 168b, respectively. In the illustrated tank construc-tion, water to be treated enters the top of the tank, passes through ion exchange material 185 and then leaves the tank through a discharge riser 187 that opens near the bottom of the tank. It should be noted that reverse flow through the tank is also contemplated by the present invention.
The valves 170, 172 are operatively connected to pistons 188, 190 disposed in chambers 192, 194, respectively. The application of fluid pressures above the pistons apply valve closing forces to urge the valves 170, 172 into engagement with respective valve seats 170a, 172a. The application of fluid pressure to the underside of the pistons exert valve opening forces.
The outlet valves 176, 178 are similarly configured and include pistons 196, 198 disposed in chambers 200, 202. The application of fluid pressure above and below the pistons 196, 198 applies valve closing and opening forces, respectively for moving the valves 176, 178 towards and away from associated valve seats 176a, 178a.
The valves 176, 178 control the communication between tank outlet passages 204, 206 of the tanks 168a, 168b, respectively with the outlet chamber 180. The outlet passages ~0~,206 are connected to the top of the discharga risers 187 of the tanks 168a, 168b, respec-tively. When either of the valves are open, water flow from the associated tank is allowed to proceed to a water collection chamber 210 by way of a pa~sage 212.
The collection chamber 210 communicates with an outlet conduit 213 through a fluid path that includes a passage 214 and an outlet chamber 216 that includes a rotatable turbine 216a. As described above, the turbine is mechanically coupled to a usage monitoring disc 218 which rotates as a function of the amount of water discharged through the outlet chamber 216 into the outlet conduit 213.
The monitoring disc 218 forms part of a water pressure operated control system that controls the generation of fluid signals and the sequence of application of the fluid signals to the piston chambers associated with the various valves.
The monitoring disc 218 cooperates with a regenera-tion control disc 220. The control disc rotates atop an annular insert 222 that defines a plurality of ports each communicating with an associated signal line.
Signal lines a-k are illustrated in Figure 6; each line extends from the port insert 222 to one of a plurality of piston chambers. The control disc 220 sealingly engages the top surface of the insert 222 and includes stxuctural formations that operate to communicate the ports formed in the insert 222 with either water supply pressure (supplied by a passage 224) or ambient pressure (by communicating the ports with a drain passage 226).

The ports and regeneration control disc 220 are arranged so that as the regeneration wheel rotates, the valves are sequentially operated in order to cycle an exhausted tank through a regeneration cycle.
In addition to the valve elements;described above, the control valve assembly 12 'also includes a pair of drain valves 230, 232 for controlling the communication of the tank inlet passage~ 182, 184, respectively, with a drain chamber 234 through respective branch passages 182a, 184a. The drain chamber 234 communicates with an ambient pressure drain through a drain conduit 235.
The drain valves 230, 232 are operated by pistons 236, 23~ disposed in respective piston chambers 240, 242. In the preferred embodiment, the pistons are single acting and are driven to a valve open position by the application of fluid pressure to their top surfaces via signal lines a,b. The valves 230, 232 are arranged so that pressure in the branch lines 182a, 184a bias the valves towards their closed positions illustrated in Figure 6.
A regeneration control valve 240 controls the communication of water pressure from the water collec-tion chamber 210 to a regeneration control turbine 242.
The valve 240 includes a single acting piston 244 disposed in a chamber 246. Like the drain valves 230, 232 the valve 240 is biased to its closed position by water pressure in the collection chamber 210 communi-cated through a passage 248. When the regeneration control valve 240 is opened ~by the application of a fluid signal to the top surface of the piston by way of the signal line k) water pressure is allowed to proce~d along the passaga 248 to a passage 250 which includes a regeneration control nozzle (not shown in Figure 6, but described above in connection with Figures 1-5) for directing water against the turbine 242. The turhine 242 is mechanically coupled to the regenerakion control disc 220 so that rotation of the turbine effects rotation of the control disc.
The application of fluid signals to the various piston chambers, as controlled by the relative movement of the regeneration control wheel with respect to the port insert 222, determines the s2quence of valve actuation. The control disc 220 selectively communi~
cates either water pressure from the collection chamber, fed to the wheel by the pressure 224, or the ambient drain pressure via the passage 226, to the various signal lines.
The regeneration components include a regeneration fluid aspirator 260 disposed in the collection chamber 210. The aspirator comprises a fluid flow regulating element (not shown) and a venturi 260a. The outlet of the venturi communicates with the tank outlet passages 204, 206 through branch passages 204a, 206a, that include check valves 280, 282. The throat of the venturi communicates with the regeneration supply vessel 27S through the supply conduit portions 340a, 340b.
When either of the drain valves 230, 232 are opened, water in the collection chamber 210 is allowed to proceed through the venturi 260a and into the associated anion tank. For example, suppose the drain valve 230 is opened. Water from the collection chamber will flow through the venturi 260a into the outlet passage 204 of the tank 168a. The water will then travel through the tank 168a in a counterflow direction and be ultimately discharged to the ambient drain by way of the inlet passage 182, the branch passage 182a and the drain chamber 234. As water passes through the venturi, regeneration fluid is drawn from the vessel 275 and mixed or "aspirated" wikh the venturi fluid. The regeneration fluid (not diluted with deionized water) passes through the anion tank until the associated drain valve is closed. The e~fluent from the tank is discharged to drain via khe drain chamber.
The overall operation of the anion section is as follows. Assume for purposes o~ explanation that the tank 168a is on-line and the tank 168b is regenerated and is off-line. Under these conditions, the inlet valve 170 and outlet val~e 196 are open and water travels from the conduit 169, to the tank 168a via the passage 182, leaves the tank by way of the passage 204, travels through the passage 212, the collection chamber 210, the passage 214, finally being discharged into the outlet conduit 213 after traveling by the turbine 216a in the outlet chamber 216. After the usage disc 218 is rotated by the turbine 216a through a predetermined arc, corresponding to a predetermined amount of water discharged by the tank 168a, a regeneration cycle is initiated. As fully disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,891,552 and 4,298,025, the monitoring disc 218 initiates regeneration by causing an initial rotation in the regeneration control disc 220 which uncovers a port communicating with the signal line k thus causing the application o~ water pressure to the chamber 246, effecting opening of the regeneration control valve 240.
Once the valve 240 opens, a flow of water ~rom the collection chamber 210 against the regeneration control turbine 242 is established, thus causing the continued rotation of the control disc 220.
As mentioned earlier, as the regeneration control disc rotatest ports de~ined by the insert 222, com-municating with the signal lines a-k are communicated with either water pressure or drain pressure to either open or close the various valves. In the preferred regeneration cycle o~ the tank 168a, the inlet valve 172 and the outlet valve 178a are opened by pressurizing the , . .

signal lines c and i, thus placing the tank 168b in parallel service with the tank 168a. The inlet and outlet valves 170, 176 are then closed by pressurizing the signal lines f, h thus placing the tank 168a of~-line.
Regeneration of the tank 168a commences by pressurizing the signal line b to open the drain valve 230 so that the inlet passage 182 of the tank 168a is communicated to the drain conduit 235 via the passage 182a and drain chamber 234. The opening of the drain valve 230 establishes a flui~ path between the collec-tion chamber 210, and the drain. Deionized water in the collection chamber travels through the venturi 260a and into the outlet passage 204 by way of the branch passage 204a and check valve 280. As the deionized water passes through the venturi 260a, regeneration fluid ~rom ~he vessel 275 is drawn into and mixed (or aspirated) with the water. The regeneration fluid mixture travels through the tank 168a in a counterflow direction, that is from thè outlet passage 204 to the inlet passage 182 and is eventually discharged to the drain.
After a predetermined rotational movement in the regeneration control disc 220, a flushing step commen-ces. As disclosed earlier, the lower portion 202a of the piston chamber 202 communicates with a flush chamber 290 through a restricted passage 292. Whenever the si~nal line i is pressurized, a fluid flow path between the lower chamber 202a and the regeneration supply conduit portion 340a is established. When the regenera-tion of the tank 168a is ~irst initiated, the signal line j is depressurized and the signal line i is pressurized to ensure opening of the outlet valve 178.
After a relatively short interval of time, the signal line i is depressurized. The valve 178, however, remains open.

When the control valve 240 i5 open, a fluid stream is directed to the regeneration turbine 242 located in a turbine chamber 243. The turbine 242 is mechanically coupled to a regeneration drive pawl (such as the drive pawl 96, shown in Figure 5) through a reduction gear train (such as the gear train 116, shown in Figure 4).
The pawl is journaled in on eccen~ric sha~t (such as shaft 96 in Figure 5). Rotation of the turbine 242 thus effects incremental rotation of the regeneration control lo disc 220 and in so doing, effects a regeneration cycle.
The regeneration cycle continues until the control port communicating with the control valve chamber 246 is depressurized thus closing the control valve 240.
During regeneration, a regeneration control nozzle (not shown, but similar to the control nozzle 140 shown in Figure 3) directs a stream of water against the turbine 242.
As in the embodiment of the invention illustrated Figures 1-5, in the Figure 6 embodiment, a regeneration of a resin tank can be initiated at any time, indepen-dent of the amount of fluid treated by a tank. In particular, a regeneration initiation nozzle 300 is disposed in the regeneration turbine chamber 243. By communicating pressurized fluid to the nozzle 300, a stream of fluid imparts rotation to the turbine 242. As described above, rotation of the turbine 242 effects rotation in the regeneration control disk 220. As in th~ first described embodiment, pressurized fluid need be communicated to the regeneration initiation nozzle 300 for only a small interval of time. The regeneration control disk 220 only needs to be rotated a distance sufficient to uncover one of the control ports in the insert 220 in order to commence regeneration. Once the regeneration cycle is started, pressurized fluid is communicated to a regeneration control nozzle (not ~.~

shown), similar to the nozzle 140 (shown in Figure 3) which continues the rotation of the regeneration control turbine 242 until the regeneration cycle is completed.
The communication of pressurized fluid to the regeneration initiation nozzle 300 is controlled by a control system indicated generally by the reference character 305. The control system may take various forms and in the illustrated embodiment a sensor 307 monitoring the quality of treated water leaving the outlet conduit 213 (or alternately monitoring charac-teristics of the incoming fluid in the conduit 169) controls a valve that in turn controls the communication pressurized fluid to the nozzle 300. When the quality level of the deionized water leaving the outlet 213 falls below a predetermined level, the sensor activates the control valve in order to initiate regeneration.
The source of pressurized fluid for the nozzle 300 may be the fluid to be treated in the conduit 169, the treated fluid in the conduit 213 or a fluid external to the system, since the fluid emitted by the nozzle 300 is discharged to the drain.
As described in connection with the embodiment of Figures 1-5, the control system may also comprise an external timer arrangement for periodically initiating regeneration based on the passage of time. A manual regeneration feature may also provided.
As indicated above the sensor 307 can monitor the incoming fluid (in the conduit 169) and initiate regeneration as a function of changes in characteristics (i.e. mineral content) of the incoming fluid. In addition the control system 305 can monitor both the quantity of fluid treated by the system and the average conductivity (or other ion related characteristic) of the incoming fluid to arrive at the approximate number ~ J~ 3~

of "grains" processed by a given tank since its last regeneration. When the total grains removed reaches a predetermined number, related to the total number of ion sites available in the ion exchange resin 185, the control system 305 would initiate regeneration by activating the regeneration initiating nozzle 300. The same type of control scheme can be applied to the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1-5.
The present invention when applied to a deioniza-tion system such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent No.4,427,549, the water usage turbine 216a and the associated restriction to flow presented by the usage chamber 216 can also be eliminated. By eliminating the restriction, the flow rate of fluid through the system can b~ substantially increased for a given size resin tank.
Although the invention has been described with a certain degree of particularly, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can make various changes to it without departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.

Claims (17)

1. In a water softener control device including a housing enclosing a regeneration control means, the improvement comprising:
a) a regeneration control disk for controll-ing the sequence of water softener regeneration;
b) a regeneration control turbine disposed in a path of metered fluid flow;
c) drive means interposed between said turbine and said disk for rotating said regeneration control disk in response to turbine rotation, to effect a regeneration cycle of a resin tank forming part of a water softener system;
d) regeneration initiation nozzle means operative to emit a fluid stream against said turbine to effect rotation of said turbine for a predetermined amount of time in order to initiate the regeneration cycle; and, e) control means for controlling the activation of said initiation nozzle.

2. The improvement of claim 1 further comprising:
a) a water usage turbine rotatably mounted within the control device in a path of discharged softened water; and, b) a water usage disk supported within said housing for rotational movement in proportion to the amount of water discharged from the control device.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control means comprises a sensor for monitoring the quality level of fluid discharged by said water softener control device, said sensor operatively connected to a fluid control means for communicating pressurized fluid to said regeneration initiation nozzle upon sensing a predetermined quality level in said fluid discharge by said device.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said control means comprises a sensor for monitoring source fluid to be treated by a water softener system, said sensor operatively connected to a fluid control means for communicating pressurized fluid to said regeneration initiation nozzle upon sensing a predetermined charac-teristic in said source fluid.

5. A control valve assembly for controlling a water softener system, comprising:
a) a regeneration control means including a sequencing means for sequencing a resin tank forming part of said water softener system through a regenera-tion cycle;
b) a turbine disposed in a turbine chamber operative to drive said sequencing means;
c) a turbine drive means including structure for emitting a stream of fluid at said turbine to effect rotation of said turbine throughout a regeneration cycle;
d) a regeneration initiating nozzle disposed in said chamber for causing initial rotation in said turbine to initiate a regeneration cycle;
e) control means for controlling the communication of pressurized fluid to said regeneration initiating nozzle.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said control means includes a sensor for sensing the quality level of a source of fluid to be processed by the water softener, said control means operative to communicate pressurized fluid to said regeneration initiating nozzle upon sensing a predetermined quality level in said fluid to be processed.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said control means comprises a sensor for monitoring the quality level of fluid discharged by said water softener system and operate to communicate pressurized fluid, for a predetermined time, to said regeneration initiating nozzle, upon sensing a predetermined quality level in said discharged fluid.

8. In a fluid treatment apparatus including a tank containing an ion exchange resin, a method of regenerating the resin, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a regeneration sequence control means in a control valve housing;
b) providing a turbine in said housing operatively connected to said regeneration sequence means;
c) impinging a metered flow of fluid against said turbine during a regeneration cycle in order to move said regeneration control sequencer through a predetermined range of movement;
d) providing a regeneration initiating nozzle in a fluid impinging relationship with said turbine;
e) communicating pressurized fluid to said regeneration initiating nozzle upon sensing a predeter-mined quality level in fluid entering said fluid treatment system or fluid discharged by said fluid treatment apparatus.

9. In a fluid treatment apparatus including at least one tank containing an ion exchange material for treating a source fluid, a regeneration control apparatus, comprising:
a) a control valve assembly including means for controlling a regeneration cycle for said ion exchange material;
b) said means having a servo valve system forming part of said control valve assembly, including;
i) a regeneration cycle sequencer for controlling the application of fluid pressure to valve means forming part of said control valve assembly;
ii) a turbine coupled to said sequencer for driving said sequencer through a regeneration cycle;
iii) a regeneration initiating fluid nozzle operative to direct a fluid stream at said turbine to impart rotation to said turbine to initiate a regeneration cycle;
iv) control means operative to control the communication of pressurized fluid to said nozzle when a regeneration cycle is to be initiated.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said turbine is driven by a fluid stream emitted by a second nozzle located in an impinging relationship with said turbine and said control valve assembly includes control means for said second nozzle which is operative to communicate pressurized fluid to said second nozzle after an initial predetermined movement in said sequencer, imparted by said first nozzle.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said pressurized fluid for said first nozzle is said source fluid to be treated.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said pressurized fluid for said first nozzle is an output fluid of said treating apparatus.

13. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said control means for said regeneration initiating nozzle monitors ion related fluid characteristics in said source fluid and initiates regeneration upon sensing a predetermined level of said characteristics in said source fluid.

14. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said control means monitors ion related characteristics of an output fluid treated by said ion exchange material and effects regeneration of said ion exchange material upon sensing a predetermined level of said characteristics in said output fluid.

15. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said control means monitors the quantity fluid treated by said apparatus and a characteristic related to the average conductivity of said source fluid and initiates regeneration as a function of the approximate number of grains processed by said ion exchange material.

16. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said fluid treatment apparatus is an ion exchange section of a deionization apparatus.

17. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said fluid treatment apparatus forms part of a water softener system.