CA1303876C - Tolerance ring and shim and method of use - Google Patents
Tolerance ring and shim and method of useInfo
- Publication number
- CA1303876C CA1303876C CA000585813A CA585813A CA1303876C CA 1303876 C CA1303876 C CA 1303876C CA 000585813 A CA000585813 A CA 000585813A CA 585813 A CA585813 A CA 585813A CA 1303876 C CA1303876 C CA 1303876C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tolerance ring
- shim
- soft material
- relatively soft
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
- F16D1/06—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end
- F16D1/08—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key
- F16D1/0829—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve
- F16D1/0835—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for attachment of a member on a shaft or on a shaft-end with clamping hub; with hub and longitudinal key with radial loading of both hub and shaft by an intermediate ring or sleeve due to the elasticity of the ring or sleeve
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method of using a tolerance ring in conjunction with a relatively soft material while preventing deformation of the soft material is provided through the use of a split cylinder shim between the tolerance ring and the soft material. This arrangement can be used whether the soft material is surrounded by the tolerance ring, surrounds the tolerance ring or both.
A method of using a tolerance ring in conjunction with a relatively soft material while preventing deformation of the soft material is provided through the use of a split cylinder shim between the tolerance ring and the soft material. This arrangement can be used whether the soft material is surrounded by the tolerance ring, surrounds the tolerance ring or both.
Description
~l3~3~3~76 S P E C I F I C A T I O N
l'~OLERAMCE RING AND SHIM ANI:) METHOD OF USE"
The present invention relates to tolerance rings and more particularly to improvements in the use of tolerance rings to provide their use for mounting in relatively soft materials.
Tolerance rings are generally formed as split ring members having a corrugated or wavy surface and are sandwiched batween two cylindrical surfaces, that is, an outer cylindrical surface and an inner cylindrical surface, to provide frictional engagement between two members having the respective cylindrical surfaces. The corrugations or waves on the ring may protrude inwardly from an outer surface thereof, outwardly from an inner surfase thereof or alternatively inwardly and outwardly. Such tolerance rings are illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,142,887 and 3,145,547. The corrugations on the tolerance rings may be of varying heights or may be arranged in more than one row around the circumference of the ring as illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos.
3,700,271; 3,838,928 and 4,286,894.
In some applications it is desirable to mount a cylindrical member within a hole in a relatively soft material such as plastic or metal powder parts. Tolerance rings may be used to provide an increased frictional engagement between the cylindrical member and the hole in the soft material due to a compression of the corrugations of the rlng, however, if there is a significant amount of vlbration or radial load present, the tolerance ring may tend to deform the soft material or to set in X
~ 31~387~
the material such that the corrugations will no longer be compressed, thereby resulting in a loss of frictional engagement between the cylindrical member and the hole.
In other applications the tolerance ring may surround a ~ylindrical object formed of a relatively soft material and that assembly inserted into a hole whereby compression of the corrugations on the ring will provide a desired frictional engagement between the cylindrical object and the hola. Again if the two objects, the cylindrical member and the object in which the hole is located, are subject to vibration or radial loads, the tolerance ring may set into the soft cylindrical object thereby resulting in a loss of frictional engagement.
Thus, it would be desirable to have a means for preventiny such setting or deformation of the relatively soft material by the tolerance ring. Also, the force of the corrugations under their normal compression will sometimes deform the adjoining surfaca if it is a soft material, without requiring additional forces such as vibration or radial loading.
The present invention provides means for overcoming each of the problems described above. Specifically, a standard tolerance ring is to be used in conjunction with a shim which is in- the form of a split cylindrical ring, generally having an axial height at least as great as the axial length of the corrugations. When the tolerance ring is pressed into an opening in a relatively soft material, the shim is to surround tha ring and will thereby spread the focused load of the corrugations evenly around the entire circumference of the hole to prevent deformation of the opening in the soft material. Similarly, when ( ~!.3~)3~371~
the tolerance ring is to surround a soft material, the cylindrical shim will be placed on the interior of the tolerance ring to spread the force of the corrugations evenly over the circumference of the soft cylindrical object. Therefore, deformation of the soft material will be preventsd and the desired fricticnal engagement will be maintained.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and shim embodying the principles of the present invention when the ring is to be placed in a hole in a relatively soft material.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the tolerance ring and shim taken generally along the lines II-II of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and shim embodying the principles of the present invention when the ring is to be placed around a cylindrical object of a relatively soft material. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the tolerance ring and shim taken generally along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
FigO 5 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and two shims embodying the principles of the present invention where the ring is to be placed around a cylindrical object of a relatively soft material and within a hole in a relatively soft material.
Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of the tolerance ring and shims taken generally along the line VI-VI of Fig. 5.
Figs. 1-6 illustrate a tolerance ring lO and a cylindrical shim 12 embodying the principles of the present invention. The tolerance ring has a cylindrical inner surface 14 and a plurality of radially outwardly projecting corrugations 16. Tolerance rings generally are formed from spring steel and, when sandwiched between an inner cylindrical member 18 and a .
.
~L3~3~
cylindrical opening or hole 20 in an outer member 22 assure a snug fit between the inner member 1~ and the outer member 22 and, in varying degrees, provides a means for the transfer of torque and axial resistance between the two members. A radial force is transferrPd from the tolerance ring to the surface of the opening due to compression of the corrugations, this force being foc~lsed or concentrated in axial lines corresponding to the outward and inward peaks of the corrugations. When the outer member is fabricated of a soft material relative to the sprin~ steel of the tolerane ring, such as plastic, metal powder parts or metals softer than spring steel, the hole in the outer member may be deformed causing the ring to set into the material thereby reducing the radial force between the members to a point which may result in undesired slippage between the two members.
To prevent such setting, the shim 12 is placed around the exterior of the ring to spread the radial force of the tolerance ring over the entire circumferential surface of the opening. The shim 12 has an axial length L at least as long as an axial length 1 of the corrugations and pre~erably as long as an axial length 1' of the entire tolerance ring. The shim is to be fabricated of a spring carbon or stainless steel similar to or the same as that used for the tolerance ring so that it will be able to absorb and redistribute the localized radial forces of the tolerance ring.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a tolerance ring 30 and shim 32 which are merely in a reversed position from those shown in Figs.
1 and 2, in that a surrounded cylindrical member 34 is formed of a relatively soft material as compared to the tolerance ring.
X
387~
The shim is therefore placed between the tolerance ring and the interior cylindrical member 34. Again the radial force from the ring will be spread by the shim evenly over tha entire outer cylindrical surface of the inner cylindrical member.
Figs. 5 and 6 show a tolerance ring 40, an outer shim 42 and an inner shim ~4 all in concentric engagement which surround a cylindrical member 46 which is formed of a relatively soft material as compared to the tolerance ring. An outer member 48 is also formed of a relatively soft material and therefore the shims are used both on the inside and outside circumference of the tolerance ring to spread the radially inwardly directed forces as well as the radially outwardly directed forces to prevent de~ormation of either the inner member 46 or outer member 48.
Thus, it is seen that our present invention provides for improvements in ~he use of tolerance rings and shims permitting them to be utilized in holding cylindrical members within cylindrical openings in relatively soft materials or holding cylindrical members formed of relatively soft materials in an outer member while preventing the tolerance ring from a setting in the relatively soft material, thereby ensuring continued frictional engagement, torque transfer and axial retention between the inner and outer members~
As is apparent from the foregoing specification, the invention is susceptible of being embodied with various alterations and modifications which may differ particularly from those that have been described in the preceding speoification and description. It should be understood that we wish to embody X
~ 3~3~3~6 within the scope of the patent warranted hereon all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of our contribution to tha art.
X
l'~OLERAMCE RING AND SHIM ANI:) METHOD OF USE"
The present invention relates to tolerance rings and more particularly to improvements in the use of tolerance rings to provide their use for mounting in relatively soft materials.
Tolerance rings are generally formed as split ring members having a corrugated or wavy surface and are sandwiched batween two cylindrical surfaces, that is, an outer cylindrical surface and an inner cylindrical surface, to provide frictional engagement between two members having the respective cylindrical surfaces. The corrugations or waves on the ring may protrude inwardly from an outer surface thereof, outwardly from an inner surfase thereof or alternatively inwardly and outwardly. Such tolerance rings are illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,142,887 and 3,145,547. The corrugations on the tolerance rings may be of varying heights or may be arranged in more than one row around the circumference of the ring as illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos.
3,700,271; 3,838,928 and 4,286,894.
In some applications it is desirable to mount a cylindrical member within a hole in a relatively soft material such as plastic or metal powder parts. Tolerance rings may be used to provide an increased frictional engagement between the cylindrical member and the hole in the soft material due to a compression of the corrugations of the rlng, however, if there is a significant amount of vlbration or radial load present, the tolerance ring may tend to deform the soft material or to set in X
~ 31~387~
the material such that the corrugations will no longer be compressed, thereby resulting in a loss of frictional engagement between the cylindrical member and the hole.
In other applications the tolerance ring may surround a ~ylindrical object formed of a relatively soft material and that assembly inserted into a hole whereby compression of the corrugations on the ring will provide a desired frictional engagement between the cylindrical object and the hola. Again if the two objects, the cylindrical member and the object in which the hole is located, are subject to vibration or radial loads, the tolerance ring may set into the soft cylindrical object thereby resulting in a loss of frictional engagement.
Thus, it would be desirable to have a means for preventiny such setting or deformation of the relatively soft material by the tolerance ring. Also, the force of the corrugations under their normal compression will sometimes deform the adjoining surfaca if it is a soft material, without requiring additional forces such as vibration or radial loading.
The present invention provides means for overcoming each of the problems described above. Specifically, a standard tolerance ring is to be used in conjunction with a shim which is in- the form of a split cylindrical ring, generally having an axial height at least as great as the axial length of the corrugations. When the tolerance ring is pressed into an opening in a relatively soft material, the shim is to surround tha ring and will thereby spread the focused load of the corrugations evenly around the entire circumference of the hole to prevent deformation of the opening in the soft material. Similarly, when ( ~!.3~)3~371~
the tolerance ring is to surround a soft material, the cylindrical shim will be placed on the interior of the tolerance ring to spread the force of the corrugations evenly over the circumference of the soft cylindrical object. Therefore, deformation of the soft material will be preventsd and the desired fricticnal engagement will be maintained.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and shim embodying the principles of the present invention when the ring is to be placed in a hole in a relatively soft material.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the tolerance ring and shim taken generally along the lines II-II of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and shim embodying the principles of the present invention when the ring is to be placed around a cylindrical object of a relatively soft material. Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the tolerance ring and shim taken generally along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
FigO 5 is a plan view of a tolerance ring and two shims embodying the principles of the present invention where the ring is to be placed around a cylindrical object of a relatively soft material and within a hole in a relatively soft material.
Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of the tolerance ring and shims taken generally along the line VI-VI of Fig. 5.
Figs. 1-6 illustrate a tolerance ring lO and a cylindrical shim 12 embodying the principles of the present invention. The tolerance ring has a cylindrical inner surface 14 and a plurality of radially outwardly projecting corrugations 16. Tolerance rings generally are formed from spring steel and, when sandwiched between an inner cylindrical member 18 and a .
.
~L3~3~
cylindrical opening or hole 20 in an outer member 22 assure a snug fit between the inner member 1~ and the outer member 22 and, in varying degrees, provides a means for the transfer of torque and axial resistance between the two members. A radial force is transferrPd from the tolerance ring to the surface of the opening due to compression of the corrugations, this force being foc~lsed or concentrated in axial lines corresponding to the outward and inward peaks of the corrugations. When the outer member is fabricated of a soft material relative to the sprin~ steel of the tolerane ring, such as plastic, metal powder parts or metals softer than spring steel, the hole in the outer member may be deformed causing the ring to set into the material thereby reducing the radial force between the members to a point which may result in undesired slippage between the two members.
To prevent such setting, the shim 12 is placed around the exterior of the ring to spread the radial force of the tolerance ring over the entire circumferential surface of the opening. The shim 12 has an axial length L at least as long as an axial length 1 of the corrugations and pre~erably as long as an axial length 1' of the entire tolerance ring. The shim is to be fabricated of a spring carbon or stainless steel similar to or the same as that used for the tolerance ring so that it will be able to absorb and redistribute the localized radial forces of the tolerance ring.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a tolerance ring 30 and shim 32 which are merely in a reversed position from those shown in Figs.
1 and 2, in that a surrounded cylindrical member 34 is formed of a relatively soft material as compared to the tolerance ring.
X
387~
The shim is therefore placed between the tolerance ring and the interior cylindrical member 34. Again the radial force from the ring will be spread by the shim evenly over tha entire outer cylindrical surface of the inner cylindrical member.
Figs. 5 and 6 show a tolerance ring 40, an outer shim 42 and an inner shim ~4 all in concentric engagement which surround a cylindrical member 46 which is formed of a relatively soft material as compared to the tolerance ring. An outer member 48 is also formed of a relatively soft material and therefore the shims are used both on the inside and outside circumference of the tolerance ring to spread the radially inwardly directed forces as well as the radially outwardly directed forces to prevent de~ormation of either the inner member 46 or outer member 48.
Thus, it is seen that our present invention provides for improvements in ~he use of tolerance rings and shims permitting them to be utilized in holding cylindrical members within cylindrical openings in relatively soft materials or holding cylindrical members formed of relatively soft materials in an outer member while preventing the tolerance ring from a setting in the relatively soft material, thereby ensuring continued frictional engagement, torque transfer and axial retention between the inner and outer members~
As is apparent from the foregoing specification, the invention is susceptible of being embodied with various alterations and modifications which may differ particularly from those that have been described in the preceding speoification and description. It should be understood that we wish to embody X
~ 3~3~3~6 within the scope of the patent warranted hereon all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of our contribution to tha art.
X
Claims (7)
1. A tolerance ring and shim assembly for use in conjunction with a cylindrical surface of a relatively soft material, said tolerance ring being in the form of a split cylinder defining a longitudinal axis and having a plurality of laterally spaced, axially extending corrugations projecting radially from said cylinder, which is to be sandwiched between an inner cylindrical surface of an outer member and an outer cylindrical surface of an inner member, one of said members being formed of a relatively soft material compared to said tolerance ring and said shim being in the form of a split cylinder with a smooth surface, comprising:
said shim having a diameter sized to engage against said soft material cylindrical surface, and said tolerance ring having a diameter sized to engage against said shim on an opposite side of said shim from said soft material cylindrical surface, whereby, said shim will prevent said corrugations from deforming said soft material cylindrical surface.
said shim having a diameter sized to engage against said soft material cylindrical surface, and said tolerance ring having a diameter sized to engage against said shim on an opposite side of said shim from said soft material cylindrical surface, whereby, said shim will prevent said corrugations from deforming said soft material cylindrical surface.
2. A tolerance ring and shim assembly according to claim 1, wherein a single shim is utilized which overlies an outer surface of said tolerance ring, said outer member being fabricated of a relatively soft material.
3. A tolerance ring and shim assembly according to claim 1, wherein a single shim is utilized which lies within said tolerance ring, said inner member being fabricated of a relatively soft material.
4. A tolerance ring and shim assembly according to claim 1, wherein two shims are utilized one of which overlies an outer surface of said tolerance ring and one of which lies within said tolerance ring, said outer and inner members being fabricated of a relatively soft material.
5. A tolerance ring and shim assembly according to claim 1, wherein said shim has an axial length at least as great as an axial extent of said corrugations.
6. A tolerance ring and shim assembly according to claim 5, wherein said shim has an axial length at least as great as an axial length of said ring.
7. A method of preventing deformation of a cylindrical surface in a relatively soft material by a tolerance ring in the form of a split cylinder defining a longitudinal axis and having a plurality of laterally spaced, axially extending corrugations projecting radially from said cylinder, said tolerance ring being sandwiched between an inner cylindrical surface of an outer member and an outer cylindrical surface of an inner member at least one of said members being formed of a relatively soft material in comparison to said tolerance ring, comprising the step of inserting a shim in the form of a split cylinder having smooth cylindrical inner and outer surfaces between said tolerance ring and said relatively soft material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000585813A CA1303876C (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Tolerance ring and shim and method of use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000585813A CA1303876C (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Tolerance ring and shim and method of use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1303876C true CA1303876C (en) | 1992-06-23 |
Family
ID=4139283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000585813A Expired - Lifetime CA1303876C (en) | 1988-12-13 | 1988-12-13 | Tolerance ring and shim and method of use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1303876C (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-12-13 CA CA000585813A patent/CA1303876C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |