CA1302142C - Means for securing a covering closing an opening - Google Patents
Means for securing a covering closing an openingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1302142C CA1302142C CA000568111A CA568111A CA1302142C CA 1302142 C CA1302142 C CA 1302142C CA 000568111 A CA000568111 A CA 000568111A CA 568111 A CA568111 A CA 568111A CA 1302142 C CA1302142 C CA 1302142C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- covering
- frame
- closing
- members
- locking means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
On a covering for an opening comprising a frame and a cover or grating, on the latter is provided an elastically deformable, rod-like closing member, which forms one part of a locking device, the other part thereof being a retaining member, which is a groove provided in frame, in which can engage a closing finger located on closing member, accompanied by the elastic deformation of the closing member.
Thus, in simple manner, the cover or grating is positively secured in frame.
On a covering for an opening comprising a frame and a cover or grating, on the latter is provided an elastically deformable, rod-like closing member, which forms one part of a locking device, the other part thereof being a retaining member, which is a groove provided in frame, in which can engage a closing finger located on closing member, accompanied by the elastic deformation of the closing member.
Thus, in simple manner, the cover or grating is positively secured in frame.
Description
MEANS FOR SECURING A COVERING CLOSING AN OPENING
The invention relates to a means for securing a covering comprising a frame and a cover or grating closing an opening, the cover or grating being secured by a locking device against undesired displacement or removal thereof.
The invention relates to the field of road equipment, in which coverings are used for openings, e.g. of shafts, sewers and water drains, whereby the opening is covered by the cover or grating, but the latter can be removed for specific purposes, e.g. inspections. Such coverings are used in courtyards, lobbies, floors of buildings, etc., as well as on roads.
Numerous different constructions of such coverings are known.
They essentially comprise a frame and a cover or grating, the upper edge of the frame and the cover generally being aligned with the ground surface. The cover or grating of such a covering must be able to withstand all the stresses and loads which occur, without any displacement or being removable from the frame.
A lightweight construction is increasingly being used for such covers or gratings to reduce the weight. Materials are also used which have a higher strength, such as e.g. cast iron with nodular graphite. In such a known covering according to British patent 1 539 677 use is made of a grating comprising a plurality of juxtaposed, spaced bars, which are connected at opposite ends to the adjacent bar in each case. As a result of the winding connection of the bars, the grating is overall an elastic element, which can be compressed and can in this way be inserted in the frame, where it can be engaged in the case of expansion in the æ~
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,. . ~ ., _ I _ ", ., .~..
latter. However, it is a disadvantage of this construction that, due to the relatively high elasticity of the cover, the latter can become elastically deformed when vehicles travel over it, so that it can jump out of the frame.
The present invention provides means of the aforementioned type that even when the cover or grating is made from a high strength material, it is not possible to remove it from the frame.
According to the invention there is provided an assembly that either on the substantially dimensionally stable frame, or on the substantially dimensionally stable cover or grating is provided at least one elastically deformable, rod-like closing member, which is constructed as part of the locking device, whilst the other part of the locking device is a retaining member, which is located in the cover or grating or in the frame and in which the closing member can engage, whilst utilizing its elastic deformability.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to non-limitative embodiments and the attached drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating placed in a frame with a locking device.
Fig. 2 A partial view of the grating and the frame according to fig. 1 in a larger scale, three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 3 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a further grating inserted in a frame with a locking device.
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~302~42 Fig. 4 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating for a covering.
Fig. 5 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a frame for a cover or grating.
Fig. 6 A partial view of the frame according to fig. 5 in a larger scale, three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 7 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating inserted in a frame with a locking device.
Fig. 8 A detail of the locking device of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 A view of an actuating fork for the locking device according to fig. 7.
Fig. 10 A diagrammatically represented view of a grating with a locking device similar to that of fig. 7 in a three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 11 A diagrammatically represented view of a retainingmember for a locking device according to fig. 10 in a three-dimensional form.
Fig. 12 A diagrammatically represented view of a mounting support for a grating according to figs. 10 or 14.
The described locking devices 7 all have a similar construction and comprise an elastic, flexible closing member 8 and a dimensionally stable retaining member 10. The elastically flexible closing member 8 can either be placed in the cover or grating 2, cf. figs. 1 to 4, or in frame 1, cf.
fig. 6. In the latter case, the dimensionally stable ., ~
retaining member is a closing finger arranged on the grating or cover. The locking devices 7 described in figs. 7 to 15 also function in this way, the variants particularly relating to constructional modifications.
Fig. 7 diagrammatically shows a covering with a grating 2, the latter having transverse rods 24 and longitudinal rods 25, the latter forming projections 26 on the ends. By means of projections 26, grating 2 is mounted on the support flange 14 of frame 1.
Dimensionally stable retaining members 10 are fixed in support flange 14 of frame 1 between projections 26, cf. also fig. 8. The retaining members 10 have a concave, oppositely directed surface portion 28, under which is provided an offset 29, in which in each case engages one closing member 8. As can be gathered from fig. 7, the closing member 8 is a bent arm, whose foot part 30 is supported on rods 24, 25. To the foot part 30 is connected a leg 31, whose free end engages in offset 29 in the normal position and a convex portion 28 of the retaining member 10 is provided for this purpose. The grating 2 can be pressed down with a certain force, so that the two legs 31 are deformed in such a way that they slide over the convex portion 28 and subsequently engage in offset 29.
For the removal of grating 2, it is necessary to press back the two legs 31, which is possible with the aid of the fork-like tool 33 shown in fig. 9. For this purpose the two arms 34 of tool 33 form a slot 36 and have oppositely directed facets 35, so that the end of slot 36 is large enough for the arms 34 to be placed over the two legs 31, so that the legs are elastically bent against one another and consequently grating 2 can be raised.
.
1302~42 In the same way, on the opposite, not shown side of grating 2, the corresponding closing members 8 can be deformed by tool 33 and consequently the grating 2 can be raised from frame 1 on this side. For the positive securing of grating 2, it is necessary to have four locking devices 7, whereof in each case two are homologously arranged.
Grating 2 comprising longitudinal rods 25 and transverse rods 24 shown in fig. 10 has a locking device 7 similar to that of fig. 7. As with all the other gratings, the transverse rods 24 and longitudinal rods 25 are dimensionally stable and only the closing members 8 are elastically deformable. In fig. 10 these closing members are sloping rods arranged on the corners of a longitudinal and a transverse rod and which cooperate with a closing member 10, cf. fig. 11, of the not shown frame 1. In this case it is necessary to spread apart the closing members 8, so that they can engage below the projection 37 of retaining member 10. On the side opposite to the locking device 7 pins 16 are arranged on the faces of grating 2 and are guided in grooves 38 in the frame 1, cf.
fig. 12. Thus, grating 2 can initially be inserted in grooves 38 and then, accompanied by the deformation of the closing members 8, can be engaged in the retaining members 9 on frame 1, so that the grating 2 is positively secured in frame 1. The mounting of pins 16 can also be performed according to fig. 13 and for this purpose it is possible to provide in frame 1 a portion 42 with a greater wall thickness, in which is formed a slot, which also serves as a mounting support for pins 16 on the faces of grating 2.
The grating according to fig. 14 is constructed in a similar manner to that of fig. 10, but the closing members 8 are constructed as rods 45 running parallel to the longitudinal rods 24. The rods 45 are arranged on a dimensionally stable , ~ _ ~, `
~302~A2 end portion 5 and project with a lug 46 into the projection 37 of retaining member 10. For the engagement of rods 45, they must be deformed elastically inwards, so that they can S be pushed over the projection 37. The concave shape of projection 37 offers the possibility of detaching the grating 2 with a certain force from retaining member lO. Thus, it is a positive connection, which can be released on exceeding a certain force.
Fig. 15 shows the use of the gratings according to figs. 10 and 14 as a series grating used for covering a discharge channel or gutter 47. In this case, several locking devices 7 are provided, which comprise individual or pairwise arranged, elastically deformable closing members 8, which are constructed in a similar manner to the locking devices of figs. 10 and 14. The corresponding retaining members 10 are provided on the edge of gutter 47.
Fig. 16 shows another grating 2, which has juxtaposed, curved slots 48. Two facing grating borders are constructed as a closing member 8, which is connected by means of a flexible web 49 to the remainder of grating 2. This remaining part of the grating forms a dimensionally stable part, because the rods 50 between slots 48 are interconnected at both ends. At the ends of closing member 8 are provided closing fingers 11, which can engage in the retaining member of the not shown frame. As can be gathered from fig. 16, closing fingers ll can also be arranged displaced by 180 at the end of closing members 8, as shown in broken line form in fig. 16.
"~, 1302i42 An elastically deformable material is to be used for the retaining members 8 of locking devices 7. As the covers and gratings 2 are usually made in one piece, it is suitable to use for this purpose e.g. ductile cast iron in the form of nodular graphite or Meehanite cast iron. ~owever, an optionally reinforced plastic can also be used. In place of the gratings 2 shown in figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 16, it is also possible to use covers and then corresponding recesses must be provided for the locking devices 7.
The invention relates to a means for securing a covering comprising a frame and a cover or grating closing an opening, the cover or grating being secured by a locking device against undesired displacement or removal thereof.
The invention relates to the field of road equipment, in which coverings are used for openings, e.g. of shafts, sewers and water drains, whereby the opening is covered by the cover or grating, but the latter can be removed for specific purposes, e.g. inspections. Such coverings are used in courtyards, lobbies, floors of buildings, etc., as well as on roads.
Numerous different constructions of such coverings are known.
They essentially comprise a frame and a cover or grating, the upper edge of the frame and the cover generally being aligned with the ground surface. The cover or grating of such a covering must be able to withstand all the stresses and loads which occur, without any displacement or being removable from the frame.
A lightweight construction is increasingly being used for such covers or gratings to reduce the weight. Materials are also used which have a higher strength, such as e.g. cast iron with nodular graphite. In such a known covering according to British patent 1 539 677 use is made of a grating comprising a plurality of juxtaposed, spaced bars, which are connected at opposite ends to the adjacent bar in each case. As a result of the winding connection of the bars, the grating is overall an elastic element, which can be compressed and can in this way be inserted in the frame, where it can be engaged in the case of expansion in the æ~
:~ I ~P
,. . ~ ., _ I _ ", ., .~..
latter. However, it is a disadvantage of this construction that, due to the relatively high elasticity of the cover, the latter can become elastically deformed when vehicles travel over it, so that it can jump out of the frame.
The present invention provides means of the aforementioned type that even when the cover or grating is made from a high strength material, it is not possible to remove it from the frame.
According to the invention there is provided an assembly that either on the substantially dimensionally stable frame, or on the substantially dimensionally stable cover or grating is provided at least one elastically deformable, rod-like closing member, which is constructed as part of the locking device, whilst the other part of the locking device is a retaining member, which is located in the cover or grating or in the frame and in which the closing member can engage, whilst utilizing its elastic deformability.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter relative to non-limitative embodiments and the attached drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating placed in a frame with a locking device.
Fig. 2 A partial view of the grating and the frame according to fig. 1 in a larger scale, three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 3 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a further grating inserted in a frame with a locking device.
,, ~ , j......
~302~42 Fig. 4 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating for a covering.
Fig. 5 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a frame for a cover or grating.
Fig. 6 A partial view of the frame according to fig. 5 in a larger scale, three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 7 A diagrammatically represented plan view of a grating inserted in a frame with a locking device.
Fig. 8 A detail of the locking device of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 A view of an actuating fork for the locking device according to fig. 7.
Fig. 10 A diagrammatically represented view of a grating with a locking device similar to that of fig. 7 in a three-dimensional representation.
Fig. 11 A diagrammatically represented view of a retainingmember for a locking device according to fig. 10 in a three-dimensional form.
Fig. 12 A diagrammatically represented view of a mounting support for a grating according to figs. 10 or 14.
The described locking devices 7 all have a similar construction and comprise an elastic, flexible closing member 8 and a dimensionally stable retaining member 10. The elastically flexible closing member 8 can either be placed in the cover or grating 2, cf. figs. 1 to 4, or in frame 1, cf.
fig. 6. In the latter case, the dimensionally stable ., ~
retaining member is a closing finger arranged on the grating or cover. The locking devices 7 described in figs. 7 to 15 also function in this way, the variants particularly relating to constructional modifications.
Fig. 7 diagrammatically shows a covering with a grating 2, the latter having transverse rods 24 and longitudinal rods 25, the latter forming projections 26 on the ends. By means of projections 26, grating 2 is mounted on the support flange 14 of frame 1.
Dimensionally stable retaining members 10 are fixed in support flange 14 of frame 1 between projections 26, cf. also fig. 8. The retaining members 10 have a concave, oppositely directed surface portion 28, under which is provided an offset 29, in which in each case engages one closing member 8. As can be gathered from fig. 7, the closing member 8 is a bent arm, whose foot part 30 is supported on rods 24, 25. To the foot part 30 is connected a leg 31, whose free end engages in offset 29 in the normal position and a convex portion 28 of the retaining member 10 is provided for this purpose. The grating 2 can be pressed down with a certain force, so that the two legs 31 are deformed in such a way that they slide over the convex portion 28 and subsequently engage in offset 29.
For the removal of grating 2, it is necessary to press back the two legs 31, which is possible with the aid of the fork-like tool 33 shown in fig. 9. For this purpose the two arms 34 of tool 33 form a slot 36 and have oppositely directed facets 35, so that the end of slot 36 is large enough for the arms 34 to be placed over the two legs 31, so that the legs are elastically bent against one another and consequently grating 2 can be raised.
.
1302~42 In the same way, on the opposite, not shown side of grating 2, the corresponding closing members 8 can be deformed by tool 33 and consequently the grating 2 can be raised from frame 1 on this side. For the positive securing of grating 2, it is necessary to have four locking devices 7, whereof in each case two are homologously arranged.
Grating 2 comprising longitudinal rods 25 and transverse rods 24 shown in fig. 10 has a locking device 7 similar to that of fig. 7. As with all the other gratings, the transverse rods 24 and longitudinal rods 25 are dimensionally stable and only the closing members 8 are elastically deformable. In fig. 10 these closing members are sloping rods arranged on the corners of a longitudinal and a transverse rod and which cooperate with a closing member 10, cf. fig. 11, of the not shown frame 1. In this case it is necessary to spread apart the closing members 8, so that they can engage below the projection 37 of retaining member 10. On the side opposite to the locking device 7 pins 16 are arranged on the faces of grating 2 and are guided in grooves 38 in the frame 1, cf.
fig. 12. Thus, grating 2 can initially be inserted in grooves 38 and then, accompanied by the deformation of the closing members 8, can be engaged in the retaining members 9 on frame 1, so that the grating 2 is positively secured in frame 1. The mounting of pins 16 can also be performed according to fig. 13 and for this purpose it is possible to provide in frame 1 a portion 42 with a greater wall thickness, in which is formed a slot, which also serves as a mounting support for pins 16 on the faces of grating 2.
The grating according to fig. 14 is constructed in a similar manner to that of fig. 10, but the closing members 8 are constructed as rods 45 running parallel to the longitudinal rods 24. The rods 45 are arranged on a dimensionally stable , ~ _ ~, `
~302~A2 end portion 5 and project with a lug 46 into the projection 37 of retaining member 10. For the engagement of rods 45, they must be deformed elastically inwards, so that they can S be pushed over the projection 37. The concave shape of projection 37 offers the possibility of detaching the grating 2 with a certain force from retaining member lO. Thus, it is a positive connection, which can be released on exceeding a certain force.
Fig. 15 shows the use of the gratings according to figs. 10 and 14 as a series grating used for covering a discharge channel or gutter 47. In this case, several locking devices 7 are provided, which comprise individual or pairwise arranged, elastically deformable closing members 8, which are constructed in a similar manner to the locking devices of figs. 10 and 14. The corresponding retaining members 10 are provided on the edge of gutter 47.
Fig. 16 shows another grating 2, which has juxtaposed, curved slots 48. Two facing grating borders are constructed as a closing member 8, which is connected by means of a flexible web 49 to the remainder of grating 2. This remaining part of the grating forms a dimensionally stable part, because the rods 50 between slots 48 are interconnected at both ends. At the ends of closing member 8 are provided closing fingers 11, which can engage in the retaining member of the not shown frame. As can be gathered from fig. 16, closing fingers ll can also be arranged displaced by 180 at the end of closing members 8, as shown in broken line form in fig. 16.
"~, 1302i42 An elastically deformable material is to be used for the retaining members 8 of locking devices 7. As the covers and gratings 2 are usually made in one piece, it is suitable to use for this purpose e.g. ductile cast iron in the form of nodular graphite or Meehanite cast iron. ~owever, an optionally reinforced plastic can also be used. In place of the gratings 2 shown in figs. 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 15 and 16, it is also possible to use covers and then corresponding recesses must be provided for the locking devices 7.
Claims (12)
1. A cover assembly for closing an opening, comprising a dimensionally stable and rigid frame: a substantially rigid covering mounted in said frame in a non-prestressed position;
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering against displacement or removal from said frame, said locking means including at least one elastically deformable closing member made integrally with said covering so as to form a one-piece covering and extending substantially in a plane thereof, and at least one rigid retaining member formed on said frame, said closing member including an elastically deformable rod-like web having a closing finger elastically bendable in the plane of said covering, said retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said closing finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame.
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering against displacement or removal from said frame, said locking means including at least one elastically deformable closing member made integrally with said covering so as to form a one-piece covering and extending substantially in a plane thereof, and at least one rigid retaining member formed on said frame, said closing member including an elastically deformable rod-like web having a closing finger elastically bendable in the plane of said covering, said retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said closing finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame.
2. Assembly according to claim 1, wherein said closing member is a rod with a band joint.
3. Assembly according to claim 1, wherein said locking means includes two elastically deformable closing members provided on a border of said covering and two retaining members provided on said frame.
4. Assembly according to claim 3, wherein said two closing members are formed as elastically bendable legs.
5. Assembly according to claim 3, wherein the two retaining members engageable with the closing members are provided each with a convex sliding portion for guiding the closing members on inserting said covering into said frame and with a following offset for engaging the closing fingers in said retaining members.
6. Assembly according to claim 3, wherein the two closing members are located in a marginal recess of the covering and extend towards said frame.
7. Assembly according to claim 4, wherein two locking means with the two closing members are arranged on opposite sides of said covering.
8. Assembly according to claim 3, wherein said locking means is located on one side of the covering, whilst a pivot mounting is provided on the opposite side of the covering, the pivot mounting comprising a pivot pin fixed to a respective face of the covering and a bearing groove provided in the frame.
9. A cover assembly for closing an opening, comprising a dimensionally stable and rigid frame; a substantially rigid covering mounted in said frame in a non-prestressed position:
and locking means arranged on said covering for detachably-securing said covering against displacement or removal from said frame, said locking means including at least one elastically deformable closing member formed integrally with said covering so as to form a one-piece covering and at least one rigid retaining member formed on said frame, said closing member and said retaining member being engageable with one another for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, said closing member extending substantially in a plane of said covering and being a rod bendable substantially in the plane of said covering and provided with a band joint.
and locking means arranged on said covering for detachably-securing said covering against displacement or removal from said frame, said locking means including at least one elastically deformable closing member formed integrally with said covering so as to form a one-piece covering and at least one rigid retaining member formed on said frame, said closing member and said retaining member being engageable with one another for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, said closing member extending substantially in a plane of said covering and being a rod bendable substantially in the plane of said covering and provided with a band joint.
10. A cover assembly for closing an opening, comprising a dimensionally stable and rigid frame; a substantially rigid covering mounted in said frame in a non-prestressed position;
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including two rod-like elastically deformable closing members and two rigid retaining members, said closing members each including an elastically deformable web having a closing finger, each retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame: said two elastically deformable closing members being provided on a border of said covering and said two retaining members being provided on said frame, wherein said locking means is located on one side of the covering, whilst a pivot mounting is provided on the opposite side of the covering, the pivot mounting comprising in each case a pivot pin fixed to a respective face of the covering and in each case a bearing groove provided in the frame.
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including two rod-like elastically deformable closing members and two rigid retaining members, said closing members each including an elastically deformable web having a closing finger, each retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame: said two elastically deformable closing members being provided on a border of said covering and said two retaining members being provided on said frame, wherein said locking means is located on one side of the covering, whilst a pivot mounting is provided on the opposite side of the covering, the pivot mounting comprising in each case a pivot pin fixed to a respective face of the covering and in each case a bearing groove provided in the frame.
11. A cover assembly for closing an opening, comprising a dimensionally stable and rigid frame; a substantially rigid covering mounted in said frame in a non-prestressed position;
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including at least one rod-like elastically deformable closing member provided on one of said frame and said covering and at least one rigid retaining member provided on another of said frame and said covering, said closing member including an elastically deformable web having a closing finger, said retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, wherein the closing member is fixed to said frame and has a free end provided with a retaining finger, forming an undercut for receiving a finger fixed to said covering.
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including at least one rod-like elastically deformable closing member provided on one of said frame and said covering and at least one rigid retaining member provided on another of said frame and said covering, said closing member including an elastically deformable web having a closing finger, said retaining member being provided with a groove engaging said finger for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, wherein the closing member is fixed to said frame and has a free end provided with a retaining finger, forming an undercut for receiving a finger fixed to said covering.
12. A cover assembly for closing an opening, comprising a dimensionally stable and rigid frame; a substantially rigid covering mounted in said frame in a non-prestressed position;
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including two elastically deformable closing members arranged in a homologous manner on a border of the covering and two lug-like retaining members fixed on said frame, said closing members being enageable with said retaining members for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, said two closing members being positioned in one of a marginal recess of said covering and a corner of a crossing of two rods of said covering and extending against said frame.
and locking means arranged on said frame and said covering for detachably-securing said covering to said frame, said locking means including two elastically deformable closing members arranged in a homologous manner on a border of the covering and two lug-like retaining members fixed on said frame, said closing members being enageable with said retaining members for a positive securing of said covering to said frame, said two closing members being positioned in one of a marginal recess of said covering and a corner of a crossing of two rods of said covering and extending against said frame.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000568111A CA1302142C (en) | 1988-05-30 | 1988-05-30 | Means for securing a covering closing an opening |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000568111A CA1302142C (en) | 1988-05-30 | 1988-05-30 | Means for securing a covering closing an opening |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1302142C true CA1302142C (en) | 1992-06-02 |
Family
ID=4138103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000568111A Expired - Lifetime CA1302142C (en) | 1988-05-30 | 1988-05-30 | Means for securing a covering closing an opening |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1302142C (en) |
-
1988
- 1988-05-30 CA CA000568111A patent/CA1302142C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |