CA1302121C - Foam cement sampling device and method - Google Patents
Foam cement sampling device and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1302121C CA1302121C CA000543758A CA543758A CA1302121C CA 1302121 C CA1302121 C CA 1302121C CA 000543758 A CA000543758 A CA 000543758A CA 543758 A CA543758 A CA 543758A CA 1302121 C CA1302121 C CA 1302121C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- gate valve
- sleeve
- sampling device
- line
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/38—Concrete; Lime; Mortar; Gypsum; Bricks; Ceramics; Glass
- G01N33/383—Concrete or cement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
- G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
FOAM CEMENT SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD
A sampling device is provided for collecting and maintaining under in-situ pressure a representative sample of a foamed cement for use in a well. The device consists of a steel tubular body with valves at either end. To allow easy removal of the cured cement sample a removable plastic sleeve is inserted in the tubular body, which sleeve is, after curing of the cement sample, removed from said body and then split, which leaves a cylinder of foamed cement.
FOAM CEMENT SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD
A sampling device is provided for collecting and maintaining under in-situ pressure a representative sample of a foamed cement for use in a well. The device consists of a steel tubular body with valves at either end. To allow easy removal of the cured cement sample a removable plastic sleeve is inserted in the tubular body, which sleeve is, after curing of the cement sample, removed from said body and then split, which leaves a cylinder of foamed cement.
Description
~3~2~i Peb FOAM CEMENT SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD
The invention relates to a device and a method for obtaining a foamed cement sample at elevated pressure.
Foamed cement consists of a cement slurry into which a gas has been injected. A number of the physical properties of the foamed cement appear to be dependent on the gas bubble size and distribu-tion. Hence, if foamed cement is used, for example, for providing a cement annulus around a steel casing in an oil or gas production well, field samples must be obtained to verify if foamed cement's properties in the field are the same as those studied in the laboratory. Thus, there is a need for some means of foam cement quality control in the field.
It is therefore an ob~ect of the present invention to provide a foam cement sampllng device and method which are suitable to obtain in a cost-effective and reliable manner representative samples of foamed cement during well cementation operations.
The method according to the invention comprises the steps of:
- providing a sampling device comprising a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, said body being provided at the ends thereof with removable flanges, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line vla which a foamed cement slurry is pumped at an elevated pressure during placement of a cement lining in a well, - opening said inlet and outlet gate valves while pumping cement through said line, thereby diverting a portion of the cement slurry flow through the sampling device, - allowing the sampling device to be filled with the cement slurry and then closing said outlet gate valve and subsequently closing said inlet gate valve, 13'r2121 - allowing the foamed cement to cure under elevated pressure, - removing at least one of said flanges from the tubular body, - removing the sleeve containing the cured cement sample from said body, and - removing the cured cement sample from the sleeve.
The sampling device according to the invention comprises:
- a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, - a pair of removable flanges removably mounted at the ends of said body, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - means for connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line.
In use the sampling device may be connected to either the cement mixing line so as to collect a cement sample before the cement is pumped downhole or to an annulus vent line in order to collect a cement sample after it returns to the surface.
The key to the sampling device and method according to the invention is that an in-line sample of the field mixed cement is collected and allowed to cure under in-situ pressure.
The sampling device according to the invention allows for easy removal of the used cement without breakage and is constructed in a manner which allows for easy clean-up and maintenance.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sampling device according to the invention.
The sampling device shown ln Fig. 1 comprises a steel tubular body 1 with terminal flanges 2 and 3 at both ends.
A first disk-shaped flange 4 is secured to one of said terminal flanges 2, 3 by a series of nuts 5 and tension rods 6.
Said first disk-shaped flange 4 comprises a central fluid inlet port 7 which can be opened or closed by an inlet gate valve 8. The inlet gate valve 8 is connected to a cement bleeding conduit 9, which is provided with a bleed off valve 10 and a flange 11 which can be mounted on a T-joint (not shown) of either a cement mixing 13~1~1Zl line or annulus vent line. The cement bleeding conduit may further be equipped with a pressure gauge (not shown) for pressure reference.
A second disk-shaped flange 12 is secured to the other terminal flange 3 of the tubular body l by a series of tension rods 13 and nuts 14. The second disk-shaped flange 12 comprises a central fluid outlet port 15 which can be opened or closed by an outlet gate valve 16. Sealing between the disk-shaped flanges 4, 12 and the terminal flanges 2, 3 of the tubular body i5 provided by steel ring gaskets 18.
A plastic tube 20 is arranged inside the tubular steel body l such that the cement samples obtained by the sampling device can be withdrawn and handled easily. The plastic tube 20 is greased before inserting it in the tubular steel body 1 and subsequently slipped in and out the steel body l a few times to ensure that the steel body's interior is coated with grease.
The sampling device operates as follows. The flange 11 of the cement bleeding line 8 is mounted on a T-ioint of a suitable cement line (not shown) before the cement injection is started. Optionally a Hamer valve (not shown~ may be arranged between the flange 11 and T-joint in order to enable disconnection of the sampling device from the cement line before terminating the well cementation procedure.
During starting of the cementation procedure the bleed-off valve lO and either said Hamer valve (not shown) or the fluid inlet valve 8 are closed while waiting for foamed cement passage through the cement line at the T-joint. When cement slurry passes through the cement line at a desired pressure, e.g. 150 kPa, the Hamer valve and the inlet and outlet gate valves 8 and 16 are opened, while the bleed-off valve 10 is closed. As soon as the sampler is filled with foamed cement and the cement slurry flows out of the sampler via the outlet gate valve 16 said outlet valve 16 is closed followed by the inlet gate valve 8.
After closing the gate valves 8 and 16 the Hamer valve is closed and the bleed-off valve 10 is opened thereby emitting cement ~3~'`Zl;~
slurry from the cement bleeding conduit 9. Subsequently the flange 10 is disconnected from the Hamer valve and then the device is stored ln an upright position for e.g. 24 hours while the gate valves 8 and 16 are kept closed so as to allow the cement sample trapped in the sampling device to cure under the same pressure as the pressure at which the sample was taken from the cement line.
Upon termination of the 24 hours curing period the gate valves 8, 16 are slightly opened to depressurize the sample. Subsequently the disk-shaped flanges 4 and 12 are removed from the tubular body 1 and then the plastic sleeve 20 containing the cured cement sample is removed from the tubular body e.g. by pushing it out with another identical plastic sleeve. Then the cured cement sample is removed from the sleeve by splitting the sleeve 20 which leaves a cylinder of foamed cement. Finally the sampling device is cleaned up and greased for the next cement job.
FIELD TEST OBSERVATIONS
A first foam cement sample, collected at 105 kPa from an annulus vent line~ was obtained and withdrawn perfectly. On the second cement job the sample was caught at 230 kPa but leaking was noticed at the outlet gate valve. A bullplug was placed in the outlet end to try to maintain pressure in the sampler. The sampler's inlet gate valve leaked on its third job, however, the outlet gate valve sealed perfectly. No leaking was observed on the fourth sample collected at 860 kPa. A watery slurry was present at the inlet end when this sample was withdrawn. The fifth sample was collected at 1020 kPa but leakage occurred at the inlet gate valve.
This sample sei~ed in the sampler, so it was removed by pressuring it out with water.
On average, preparing the sampler for a cement job took 90 minutes and setting up the sampler took 20 minutes. Sample collec-tion took about 1-2 minutes. After the sample was withdrawn, the gate valves were soaked in a vinegar solution for 12 hours and the lodged cement broke down to a sludge. A rubber O-ring on the bleed off valve was replaced because it was damaged on the sampler's third job. The volume of foamed cement returns flowing onto the :~3~2~
ground during sample collectlon was negligible. The leaking inlet gate valve was replaced after the fifth cement job. No further leaks were encountered during sampling.
The field tests revealed that the sampling device according to the invention is suitable to collect representative foam cement samples at various foam pressures and that the time associated with samples operation is minimal.
The field test furthermore revealed that the sampling device can be used to take a foam cement sample at a pressure higher than the pressure occurring in the cement line during cementing opera-tion. This may be desired in order to take into account the hy-draulic head of the cement column in the well annulus.
To obtain a sample at a pressure higher than the pressure in the cement line during cementing operations the cement line section lS comprising the T-joint and the bleeding line 9 may be pressured up with water upon termination of the ce~enting operations during which a cement sample has been trapped in the sampling device. When the desired increased pressure is reached in the cement bleeding line 9 the inlet gate valve 8 is opened and then closed again, whereupon the sample is allowed to cure at said increased pressure.
The sampling device may be connected to any suitable cement line such as the cement mixing line or annulus vent line, depending where the sample is desired. In any case an in-line sample of the field mixed cement is collected and allowed to cure under in-situ pressure. The sampling device is constructed for easy clean-up and maintenance and allows for easy removal of the cured cement sample without breakage.
The invention relates to a device and a method for obtaining a foamed cement sample at elevated pressure.
Foamed cement consists of a cement slurry into which a gas has been injected. A number of the physical properties of the foamed cement appear to be dependent on the gas bubble size and distribu-tion. Hence, if foamed cement is used, for example, for providing a cement annulus around a steel casing in an oil or gas production well, field samples must be obtained to verify if foamed cement's properties in the field are the same as those studied in the laboratory. Thus, there is a need for some means of foam cement quality control in the field.
It is therefore an ob~ect of the present invention to provide a foam cement sampllng device and method which are suitable to obtain in a cost-effective and reliable manner representative samples of foamed cement during well cementation operations.
The method according to the invention comprises the steps of:
- providing a sampling device comprising a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, said body being provided at the ends thereof with removable flanges, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line vla which a foamed cement slurry is pumped at an elevated pressure during placement of a cement lining in a well, - opening said inlet and outlet gate valves while pumping cement through said line, thereby diverting a portion of the cement slurry flow through the sampling device, - allowing the sampling device to be filled with the cement slurry and then closing said outlet gate valve and subsequently closing said inlet gate valve, 13'r2121 - allowing the foamed cement to cure under elevated pressure, - removing at least one of said flanges from the tubular body, - removing the sleeve containing the cured cement sample from said body, and - removing the cured cement sample from the sleeve.
The sampling device according to the invention comprises:
- a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, - a pair of removable flanges removably mounted at the ends of said body, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - means for connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line.
In use the sampling device may be connected to either the cement mixing line so as to collect a cement sample before the cement is pumped downhole or to an annulus vent line in order to collect a cement sample after it returns to the surface.
The key to the sampling device and method according to the invention is that an in-line sample of the field mixed cement is collected and allowed to cure under in-situ pressure.
The sampling device according to the invention allows for easy removal of the used cement without breakage and is constructed in a manner which allows for easy clean-up and maintenance.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a sampling device according to the invention.
The sampling device shown ln Fig. 1 comprises a steel tubular body 1 with terminal flanges 2 and 3 at both ends.
A first disk-shaped flange 4 is secured to one of said terminal flanges 2, 3 by a series of nuts 5 and tension rods 6.
Said first disk-shaped flange 4 comprises a central fluid inlet port 7 which can be opened or closed by an inlet gate valve 8. The inlet gate valve 8 is connected to a cement bleeding conduit 9, which is provided with a bleed off valve 10 and a flange 11 which can be mounted on a T-joint (not shown) of either a cement mixing 13~1~1Zl line or annulus vent line. The cement bleeding conduit may further be equipped with a pressure gauge (not shown) for pressure reference.
A second disk-shaped flange 12 is secured to the other terminal flange 3 of the tubular body l by a series of tension rods 13 and nuts 14. The second disk-shaped flange 12 comprises a central fluid outlet port 15 which can be opened or closed by an outlet gate valve 16. Sealing between the disk-shaped flanges 4, 12 and the terminal flanges 2, 3 of the tubular body i5 provided by steel ring gaskets 18.
A plastic tube 20 is arranged inside the tubular steel body l such that the cement samples obtained by the sampling device can be withdrawn and handled easily. The plastic tube 20 is greased before inserting it in the tubular steel body 1 and subsequently slipped in and out the steel body l a few times to ensure that the steel body's interior is coated with grease.
The sampling device operates as follows. The flange 11 of the cement bleeding line 8 is mounted on a T-ioint of a suitable cement line (not shown) before the cement injection is started. Optionally a Hamer valve (not shown~ may be arranged between the flange 11 and T-joint in order to enable disconnection of the sampling device from the cement line before terminating the well cementation procedure.
During starting of the cementation procedure the bleed-off valve lO and either said Hamer valve (not shown) or the fluid inlet valve 8 are closed while waiting for foamed cement passage through the cement line at the T-joint. When cement slurry passes through the cement line at a desired pressure, e.g. 150 kPa, the Hamer valve and the inlet and outlet gate valves 8 and 16 are opened, while the bleed-off valve 10 is closed. As soon as the sampler is filled with foamed cement and the cement slurry flows out of the sampler via the outlet gate valve 16 said outlet valve 16 is closed followed by the inlet gate valve 8.
After closing the gate valves 8 and 16 the Hamer valve is closed and the bleed-off valve 10 is opened thereby emitting cement ~3~'`Zl;~
slurry from the cement bleeding conduit 9. Subsequently the flange 10 is disconnected from the Hamer valve and then the device is stored ln an upright position for e.g. 24 hours while the gate valves 8 and 16 are kept closed so as to allow the cement sample trapped in the sampling device to cure under the same pressure as the pressure at which the sample was taken from the cement line.
Upon termination of the 24 hours curing period the gate valves 8, 16 are slightly opened to depressurize the sample. Subsequently the disk-shaped flanges 4 and 12 are removed from the tubular body 1 and then the plastic sleeve 20 containing the cured cement sample is removed from the tubular body e.g. by pushing it out with another identical plastic sleeve. Then the cured cement sample is removed from the sleeve by splitting the sleeve 20 which leaves a cylinder of foamed cement. Finally the sampling device is cleaned up and greased for the next cement job.
FIELD TEST OBSERVATIONS
A first foam cement sample, collected at 105 kPa from an annulus vent line~ was obtained and withdrawn perfectly. On the second cement job the sample was caught at 230 kPa but leaking was noticed at the outlet gate valve. A bullplug was placed in the outlet end to try to maintain pressure in the sampler. The sampler's inlet gate valve leaked on its third job, however, the outlet gate valve sealed perfectly. No leaking was observed on the fourth sample collected at 860 kPa. A watery slurry was present at the inlet end when this sample was withdrawn. The fifth sample was collected at 1020 kPa but leakage occurred at the inlet gate valve.
This sample sei~ed in the sampler, so it was removed by pressuring it out with water.
On average, preparing the sampler for a cement job took 90 minutes and setting up the sampler took 20 minutes. Sample collec-tion took about 1-2 minutes. After the sample was withdrawn, the gate valves were soaked in a vinegar solution for 12 hours and the lodged cement broke down to a sludge. A rubber O-ring on the bleed off valve was replaced because it was damaged on the sampler's third job. The volume of foamed cement returns flowing onto the :~3~2~
ground during sample collectlon was negligible. The leaking inlet gate valve was replaced after the fifth cement job. No further leaks were encountered during sampling.
The field tests revealed that the sampling device according to the invention is suitable to collect representative foam cement samples at various foam pressures and that the time associated with samples operation is minimal.
The field test furthermore revealed that the sampling device can be used to take a foam cement sample at a pressure higher than the pressure occurring in the cement line during cementing opera-tion. This may be desired in order to take into account the hy-draulic head of the cement column in the well annulus.
To obtain a sample at a pressure higher than the pressure in the cement line during cementing operations the cement line section lS comprising the T-joint and the bleeding line 9 may be pressured up with water upon termination of the ce~enting operations during which a cement sample has been trapped in the sampling device. When the desired increased pressure is reached in the cement bleeding line 9 the inlet gate valve 8 is opened and then closed again, whereupon the sample is allowed to cure at said increased pressure.
The sampling device may be connected to any suitable cement line such as the cement mixing line or annulus vent line, depending where the sample is desired. In any case an in-line sample of the field mixed cement is collected and allowed to cure under in-situ pressure. The sampling device is constructed for easy clean-up and maintenance and allows for easy removal of the cured cement sample without breakage.
Claims (9)
1. Method of obtaining a foam cement sample at elevated pressure, the method comprising the steps of - providing a sampling device comprising a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, said body being provided at the ends thereof with removable flanges, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line via which a foamed cement slurry is pumped at an elevated pressure during placement of a cement lining in a well, - opening said inlet and outlet gate valves while pumping cement through said line, thereby diverting a portion of the cement slurry flow through the sampling device, - allowing the sampling device to be filled with the cement slurry and then closing said outlet gate valve and subsequently closing said inlet gate valve, - allowing the foamed cement to cure under elevated pressure, - removing at least one of said flanges from the tubular body, - removing the sleeve containing the cured cement sample from said body, and - removing the cured cement sample from the sleeve.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sleeve is made of plastic and said cured cement sample is removed from the sleeve by split-ting the sleeve.
3. The method of claim 1, further providing the step of providing a layer of grease on the outer wall of the sleeve prior to insert-ing the sleeve into the tubular body.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cement line to which the inlet gate valve is connected is a cement mixing line through which the cement slurry is pumped into the well.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cement line to which the inlet gate valve is connected is an annulus vent line through which excess cement slurry is allowed to escape from the well.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the inlet gate valve is connec-ted to the cement line by means of a cement bleeding conduit and a T-joint.
7. A sampling device for obtaining a foamed cement sample at elevated pressure, the device comprising:
- a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, - a pair of removable flanges removably mounted at the ends of said body, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - means for connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line.
- a tubular body which contains a removable sleeve, - a pair of removable flanges removably mounted at the ends of said body, one of said flanges comprising a fluid inlet port provided with an inlet gate valve, the other of said flanges comprising a fluid outlet port provided with an outlet gate valve, - means for connecting said inlet gate valve to a cement line.
8. The sampling device of claim 7, wherein said removable sleeve is made of plastic.
9. The sampling device of claim 7, wherein the inlet gate valve is connected to a cement bleeding conduit which is provided with a bleed-off valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000543758A CA1302121C (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Foam cement sampling device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000543758A CA1302121C (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Foam cement sampling device and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1302121C true CA1302121C (en) | 1992-06-02 |
Family
ID=4136208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000543758A Expired - Fee Related CA1302121C (en) | 1987-08-05 | 1987-08-05 | Foam cement sampling device and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1302121C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106198939A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 济南四建（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of pressure bubble injury test device for foamed concrete mixture and evaluation of measuring method |
| CN110470596A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste cementing strength in-situ testing device and method under a kind of operating condition of simulation high temperature and pressure underground |
-
1987
- 1987-08-05 CA CA000543758A patent/CA1302121C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106198939A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 济南四建（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of pressure bubble injury test device for foamed concrete mixture and evaluation of measuring method |
| CN106198939B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-05-08 | 济南四建（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of pressure bubble injury test device and evaluation of measuring method for foamed concrete mixture |
| CN110470596A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-11-19 | 西南石油大学 | Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste cementing strength in-situ testing device and method under a kind of operating condition of simulation high temperature and pressure underground |
| CN110470596B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2024-03-19 | 西南石油大学 | In-situ test device and method for simulating cement stone cementing strength under high-temperature high-pressure underground working condition |
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